Trabalho doméstico remunerado: contradições estruturantes e emergentes nas relações sociais no brasil / Trabajo doméstico remunerado: contradicciones estructurales y emergentes en las relaciones sociales en brasil / Paid domestic work: structural and emerging contradictions in social relations in brazil

Resumo Este artigo analisa o trabalho doméstico remunerado no Brasil buscando articular dimensões conjunturais e estruturais, a partir das determinações inscritas na divisão sexual e racial do trabalho, que o conformam como um campo de trabalho assalariado majoritariamente ocupado por mulheres e, dentre elas, por mulheres negras, e marcado por relações de exploração e dominação conformadas pela imbricação das relações sociais de gênero, raça e classe, que atravessam a formação social brasileira. Analisa-se como o trabalho doméstico remunerado se inscreve no cerne das contradições sociais do país e como a luta das trabalhadoras domésticas e cada momento de conquista advindo desta luta movimentam reações que expressam os conflitos e antagonismos sociais inerentes a estas relações.

Resumen Este artículo analiza el trabajo doméstico remunerado en Brasil, buscando articular dimensiones coyunturales y estructurales, a partir de las determinaciones inscritas en la división sexual y racial del trabajo, que lo configuran como un campo de trabajo asalariado ocupado sobretodo por mujeres y, entre ellas, mujeres negras, y marcado por relaciones de explotación y dominación formadas por la superposición de relaciones sociales de género, raza y clase, que cruzan la formación social brasileña. Analiza cómo el trabajo doméstico remunerado está en el centro de las contradicciones sociales del país y cómo la lucha de las trabajadoras domésticas y cada momento de conquista resultante de esta lucha mueve reacciones que expresan los conflictos y los antagonismos sociales inherentes a estas relaciones.

Abstract This article analyzes paid domestic work in Brazil, seeking to articulate conjunctural and structural dimensions based on the determinations inscribed in the sexual and racial division of labor, which make it up as a wage labor field mainly occupied by women and, among them, black women, and marked by relations of exploitation and domination shaped by the imbrication of social relations of gender, race and class that cross the Brazilian social formation. The article analyzes how paid domestic work is at the core of the country's social contradictions as well as how the struggle of domestic workers and each moment of conquest resulting from this struggle trigger reactions that express the conflicts and social antagonisms inherent in these relationships.

Domestic relations in Brazil: legacies and horizons.

Grounded in literature review and an ethnographic study, this article examines contemporary Brazilian domestic life. Relations among women (employers and maids) and between women and men are analyzed with a focus on the home as a space in which gender, race, and class inequalities are constantly reproduced. The article argues that what happens in domestic life is constitutive of wider social divisions and that the domestic is a universe integral to the national social context. A case in point is the connection between the widespread use of paid domestic labor and the naturalization of black women as subservient, complementing the pairing of whiteness and class entitlement. Another case is the buffering role of maids in the development of gender conflicts in well-off homes, thus blurring gender hierarchies at a broader scale. Locating the domestic within the recent discussion on global domestic labor, the article compares particularities of Brazilian domestic life to those elsewhere.

Household shocks, child labor, and child schooling: evidence from Guatemala.

Using data from the National Survey of Standards of Living conducted in Guatemala in 2000, this article tests the hypothesis that Guatemalan households use child labor and reduce child schooling to cope with household shocks. First, the authors use factor analysis to estimate the latent household propensity to natural disasters and socioeconomic shocks. Then, they estimate bivariate probit models to identify the determinants of child labor and schooling, including household propensity to natural disasters and socioeconomic shocks. Results suggest that households use child labor to cope with natural disasters and socioeconomic shocks. In contrast, the authors found no evidence that suggests that households reduce child schooling to cope with shocks. Findings also indicate that poor households are more likely to use child labor and schooling reduction as strategies to cope with socioeconomic shocks.

Do changes in the labour market take families out of poverty? Determinants of exiting poverty in Brazilian metropolitan regions.

Using survival models, we test whether short-term changes in the labour market affect poverty duration. Data are from the Brazilian Monthly Employment Survey. Such a monthly dataset permits more accurate estimations of events than using annual data, but its panel follows households for a short period. Then methods that control for both right- and left-censoring should be used. The results are as follows: households with zero income are not those with the lowest chances of exiting; changes in aggregate unemployment do not affect poverty duration; and increasing wages in the informal sector has a negative effect on poverty duration.