Preliminary Evaluation of Stability Data for Dolutegravir-Containing Triple Active Formulations Intended for PEPFAR. Degradation of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Tenofovir Alafenamide as the Limiting Factor.

FDA reviews applications that are filed under the PEPFAR program to ensure that these products are manufactured to FDA's stringent requirements. Dolutegravir is a comparatively recent molecular entity that represents an advance over previous products. The stability behaviors of tablets that contain dolutegravir, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and tablets that contain dolutegravir, emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide were surveyed and it was found that tenofovir-related degradants increase the most and are the parameters most likely to result in product failure. A desiccant is advantageous and this desiccant should remain in the bottle after it has been opened. In-use studies simulate consumer use. Bottles are stored at 30 °C/75% RH and opened for about 1 min a day. Water content increased significantly and the rate of degradation was faster than the degradation rate observed during long-term storage. The data predict that most formulations containing TDF will stay within specification over 4 years of long-term storage followed by dispensing one tablet per day. With the current data it appears that some TAF-containing formulations may fail under similar conditions. However, the data are limited and preliminary and it is possible that the situation may improve as more stability data are acquired.

The influence of hypothermia prevention by application of skin moisture absorbent on the value of body temperature, body weight and blood parameters in piglets / A influência da prevenção da hipotermia pela aplicação de absorvente de umidade da pele no valor da temperatura corporal, peso corporal e parâmetros sanguíneos em leitões

Reducing the mortality rate is of a great economic importance for pig farming. Therefore, it is necessary to define the conditions in the farrowing unit based on the performance of the piglets, and specific hematological and biochemical parameters. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to examine the importance of using skin moisture absorbent and its influence in preventing hypothermia, which causes great economic losses in pig production. The experiment was set up on a commercial farm in Serbia and included 92 pigs divided into the experimental and control group. Body temperature values, body weight and blood parameters were monitored. The obtained values indicate that there is a significantly positive correlation of body temperature change and body weight values, and body temperature showed a significantly higher increase in the experimental group compared to the control group. The results obtained from hematological and biochemical parameters provide a clearer picture of the metabolic processes in piglets in the farrowing unit and can be used to further improve pig production and as a complement to genetic enhancement.(AU)

A redução da taxa de mortalidade é de grande importância econômica para a suinocultura. Portanto, é necessário definir as condições na unidade de parto com base no desempenho dos leitões, para serem parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos específicos. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é examinar a importância do uso de absorvente de umidade na pele e sua influência na prevenção da hipotermia, que causa grandes perdas econômicas na produção de suínos. A experiência foi montada em uma fazenda comercial na Sérvia, e incluiu 92 porcos divididos no grupo experimental e de controle. Os valores de temperatura corporal, pesos corporais e parâmetros sanguíneos foram monitorados. Os valores obtidos indicam que existe uma correlação significativamente positiva entre os valores da temperatura corporal e dos pesos corporais, e a temperatura corporal mostrou um aumento significativamente maior no grupo experimental em comparação com o grupo de controle. Os resultados obtidos a partir de parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos fornecem uma imagem mais clara dos processos metabólicos em leitões na unidade de parto e podem ser usados para melhorar ainda mais a produção de suínos e como um complemento ao melhoramento genético.(AU)

Contact Dermatitis from Hand Hygiene Practices in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to spread globally at a staggering speed. At present, there is no effective treatment or vaccine for COVID-19. Hand disinfection is a cost-effective way to prevent its transmission. According to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, we should wash our hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If soap and water are not readily available, alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) with at least 60% alcohol are the alternative. With diligent hand disinfection reinforced during COVID-19, there is an increased prevalence of contact dermatitis. This commentary highlights the fact that contact dermatitis is a readily treatable condition and should not cause any deviation of proper hand hygiene. In irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), the management strategies are selection of less irritating hand hygiene products, frequent use of moisturisers to rebuild the skin barrier, and education on proper hand hygiene practices. In allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), the identification and avoidance of the contact allergen is the key to treatment. However, ACD is less common and only accounts for 20% of the cases. The identified allergens in hand cleansers are predominantly preservative excipients and ACD attributable to ABHR are very uncommon. Alcohol-free hand rubs are widely available on the market but it is not a recommended alternative to ABHRs by the CDC.

A cream containing omega-3-fatty acids, humectants and emollients as an aid in the treatment of equine Culicoides hypersensitivity.

BACKGROUND: Topical application of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has shown satisfactory results in dogs and humans with allergic skin diseases. Urea and glycolic acid act as keratolytics and moisturizers. Culicoides hypersensitivity is the most common equine hypersensitivity disorder and only limited treatment options exist. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of a cream containing topical PUFAs, humectants and emollients on clinical signs of equine Culicoides hypersensitivity. ANIMALS: Privately owned horses (n = 28) with clinical signs of Culicoides hypersensitivity. METHODS AND MATERIALS: For a period of four weeks, one half of the horse's body (left or right) was treated with a cream containing concentrated fish oil and several moisturizing and emollient ingredients in a randomized, single-blinded fashion to evaluate the influence of the treatment on skin lesions. In the subsequent four weeks, the lesional areas of the entire body were treated to assess the treatment effect on pruritus. Additionally, the quality of the hair coat, an overall assessment and adverse effects were recorded. RESULTS: Twenty-one horses completed the study. Skin lesions on the treated side improved significantly between days 0 and 28 (P < 0.0001) in comparison to the untreated side. Neither pruritus scores nor coat quality improved significantly between days 0 and 56. Overall condition improved during the study. Five horses showed adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The cream improved Culicoides-induced skin lesions in affected horses, but anti-pruritic effects were less prominent.

The effects of a desiccant agent in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a randomized, controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: Chemotherapeutic agents have been widely used as adjuncts for the treatment of chronic periodontitis (CP). This study investigated and compared a desiccant agent as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) versus SRP alone for the treatment of CP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients with CP were studied. Using a split-mouth design, the maxillary right and left quadrants were randomly assigned to SRP plus desiccant (Hybenx® EPIEN Medical, Inc. St. Paul, MN, USA) or SRP alone. Patients were examined on a regular basis for clinical, microbiological, and inflammatory mediator changes over a 1-year period. Clinical attachment level (CAL) was the primary outcome variable. In addition, the red complex bacteria and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) inflammatory mediators were monitored. RESULTS: Compared to baseline, both treatments demonstrated an improvement in periodontal parameters. Compared to SRP alone, SRP plus desiccant yielded a significant improvement in probing depth (PD) (SRP: 2.23 ± 0.31 mm vs. desiccant: 3.25 ± 0.57 mm, p < 0.05), CAL (SRP: 3.16 ± 0.29 mm vs. desiccant: 4.21 ± 0.34 mm, p < 0.05 mm) and bleeding on probing (BOP) (SRP: 4.56 ± 1.5% vs. desiccant: 34.23 ± 4.2%, p < 0.001) at 12 months. Similarly, in the SRP plus desiccant group, the bacteria of the red complex were significantly reduced (p < 0.05); and the level of inflammatory mediators was significantly reduced (p < 0.003) compared to SRP alone. CONCLUSIONS: SRP plus the desiccant resulted in a greater reduction in clinical, microbial and inflammatory mediators compared to SRP alone. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Desiccant, when combined to SRP, was demonstrated as a significant approach to control the levels of certain periodontal pathogens, inflammatory mediators in patients with CP.

The Role of Moisturizers in Addressing Various Kinds of Dermatitis: A Review.

Moisturizer is a major component of basic daily skin care, particularly in presence of epidermal barrier alteration and reduced epidermal water content. It is an important part of a dermatologist's strategy to maintain skin health as well as treating various dermatoses which co-exist with skin dryness and are linked to impaired skin barrier function, such as in atopic disorders as well as other types of dermatitis. Mastering the knowledge regarding mechanism of action, application, dosage, adverse effects as well as specific clinical usage of moisturizers is a must for a dermatologist in order to support their use, particularly for evidence-based, therapeutic purposes. This review discusses the use of moisturizer both for skin health maintenance as well as a definitive or adjuvant therapy for many kinds of dermatitis.

Clinical impact in the real life of guidelines recommendations for atopic dermatitis in a tropical population (TECCEMA cohort).

BACKGROUND: Real-life impact of guidelines for the management of atopic dermatitis has been poorly studied. OBJECTIVE: To assess atopic dermatitis clinical control in residents of a tropical area managed according to international consensuses. METHODS: Prospective study with a 24-month follow-up. Clinical response was assessed with SCORAD, DLQI and a subjective scale (SS) on severity perception by the patient. RESULTS: Two-hundred and thirty-three patients were stratified according to SCORAD: 53 had mild severity (22%), 116 moderate (49%) and 64 severe (27%). Baseline SCORAD mean was 33 (15-41), for DLQI, it was 14 (11-20), and for the subjective scale, 85% (67-99). At 6 months, there was significant reduction (p < 0.5): SCORAD 29 (14-41), DLQI 12 (8-16) and subjective scale 62% (45-80). At 2 years, SCORAD was 21 (9-34), DLQI 7 (4-10) and subjective scale 41% (27-56); only 33% achieved complete control (SCORAD < 15%, DLQI < 5, subjective scale < 20%). CONCLUSIONS: Following international guidelines' recommendations reduces eczema severity and improves quality of life, although only 33% achieved complete control after 2 years.

Antecedentes: Se ha estudiado poco el impacto en la vida real de las guías de manejo de la dermatitis atópica. Objetivo: Evaluar el control clínico de la dermatitis atópica en residentes de un área tropical manejados conforme a los consensos internacionales. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo con seguimiento por 24 meses. La respuesta clínica fue evaluada mediante SCORAD, DLQI y una escala subjetiva (SS) de la percepción de severidad del paciente. Resultados: 233 pacientes fueron estratificados conforme el SCORAD: gravedad leve 53 (22 %), moderada 116 (49 %) y severa 64 (27 %). La media inicial del SCORAD fue de 33 (15-41), del DLQI de 14 (11-20) y de la escala subjetiva de 85 % (67-99). A los 6 meses existió reducción significativa (p < 0.5): SCORAD 29 (14-41), DLQI 12 (8-16) y escala subjetiva 62 % (45-80). A los 2 años, SCORAD (21, 9-34), DLQI (7, 4-10) y escala subjetiva (41 %, 27-56); solo 33 % consiguió control completo (SCORAD < 15 %, DLQI < 5, escala subjetiva < 20 %). Conclusiones: El apego a las guías internacionales reduce la gravedad del eccema y mejora de forma importante la calidad de vida de los pacientes con dermatitis. Sin embargo, solo 33 % de los pacientes alcanza un control completo a los 2 años de seguir las recomendaciones.

Assessment of a Comprehensive Anti-Aging Neck Cream.

INTRODUCTION: With many effective anti-aging solutions for the face, consumer focus is now turning to other parts of the body including the delicate skin on the neck. This study investigates the effect of a new neck cream on the appearance of texture, fine lines and wrinkles, laxity, and hydration. METHODS: 85 adult females ages 35-65 with Fitzpatrick skin types I through IV applied the test neck cream twice daily for a 3-month study period. Screening was conducted at Baseline, 2, 30, 60, and 90 days via a virtual trial. Subjects rated satisfaction in each of 4 anti-aging categories including hydration, texture, appearance of wrinkles, and appearance of laxity as well as three product attributes including application, feel, and smell. RESULTS: Improvement was statistically significant for all measured categories (hydration, texture, appearance of wrinkles, and appearance of laxity) with 94% of study subjects noting improvement in one or more of the measured categories. Further, the quantity of "Satisfied" and "Highly Satisfied" assessments increased 8-fold from baseline with a 94x increase in the quantity of "Highly Satisfied" assessments. DISCUSSION: The results demonstrate the product's rapid and continuing ability to improve the self-perceived signs of aging in the neck area including improvement in skin texture on the neck and a reduction in the appearance of wrinkles and laxity along the jawline. Future studies are recommended to determine the primary action mechanisms and to assess the degree of improvement by blinded physician assessment.

Eccema ótico. Repercusión en la calidad de vida del paciente y en los costes de atención sociosanitaria / Ear eczema. Impact on patient quality of life and healthcare costs

No disponible

Eficacia del polietilenglicol 400 (0.4 por ciento) / polipropilenglicol (0.3 por ciento) con hidroxipropil-guar en el tratamiento de la enfermedad de ojo seco leve a moderado / Efficacy of polyethylene glycol 400 (0.4 per cent)/propylen glycol (0.3 per cent) with hydroxypropyl-guar in the treatment of dry eye disease mild to moderate

Introducción: El ojo seco es una de las principales patologías oculares que son motivo frecuente de consulta oftalmológica, siendo considerado en muchos países como un problema de salud pública creciente, existen muchas opciones terapéuticas para su manejo, siendo la base los sustitutos lagrimales. Objetivos: Valorar la eficacia del Polietilenglicol 400 (0.4 por ciento)/Polipropilenglicol (0.3 por ciento) con Hidroxipropil-Guar en el Ojo Seco leve a moderado en la población de estudio, evaluando los siguientes parámetros Tiempo de Ruptura Lagrimal, Test de OSDI, Escala de Oxford y test de Schirmer. Material y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, experimental, longitudinal que incluye 44 pacientes (88 ojos) a los que luego de evaluar su grado de Ojo Seco: Leve a moderado, se les brinda tratamiento con Polietilenglicol 400:4.0mg Polienglicol 3.0mg con Hidroxipropil Guar a razón de 1 gota cada 6 horas en el caso de ojo seco leve y cada 4 horas en ojo seco moderado. Los parámetros evaluados antes del tratamiento y en cada visita (1 semanal, en total 5) fueron: Cuestionario de síntomas (test de OSDI), tiempo de ruptura lagrimal (TRL), test de Schirmer I y tinción corneal con fluoresceína (Escala de Oxford). Resultados: Se encontró mejoría estadísticamente significativa tras el tratamiento. En la escala de Oxford se encuentra una mejoría en el puntaje final 0.09 ± 0.29 comparado con el inicial 0.33 ± 0.60 (p<0.014). Se observa también una extensión en el test de Schirmer de 8.67 ± 3.56mm en la visita inicial a 13.65 ± 6.46mm en la visita final con un p=0.000. Al evaluar el tiempo de ruptura lagrimal se ve una mejoría de 5.40 ± 2.18 segundos en la visita inicial a 8.13 ± 1.17 segundos en la última visita (p=0.000). Finalmente en el test de OSDI se halla notable mejoría de un puntaje inicial de 39.57 ± 10.02 a 16.51 ± 9.32 como puntaje en la última visita (p=0.000). Conclusiones: El polietilenglicol 400 (0.4 por ciento)/propilenglicol (0.3 por ciento) con hidroxipropil-guar...

Background: Dry eye is a major eye disease that are frequent reason for ophthalmologist, being considered in many countries as a growing public health problem, there are many treatment options for management, underlying tear substitutes. Objectives: To assess the efficacy of polyethylene glycol 400 (0.4 per cent)/Polypropylene glycol (0.3 per cent) Guar Hydroxypropyl With the mild to moderate dry eye in the study population, evaluating the following parameters Tear Break Time, Test of OSDI, Scale Oxford and Schirmer test. Material and Methods: Prospective, experimental, longitudinal study that included 44 patients (88 eyes) who then assess their degree of Dry Eye: Mild to moderate, are given treatment with polyethylene glycol 400: 4.0mg 3.0mg with Hydroxypropyl Guar Polienglycol at a rate of 1 drop every 6 hours in case of mild dry eye and every 4 hours in moderate dry eye. The parameters evaluated before treatment and at each visit (1 per week, a total of 5) were symptom questionnaire (test OSDI), tear breakup time (TRL), Schirmer 1 test, and comeal fluorescein staining (Oxford Scale). Results: We found statistically significant improvement after treatment. In the Oxford scale is an improvement in the final score 0.09 ± 0.29 compared with 0.33 ± 0.60 initial (p<0.014). An extension in the Schirmer test of 8.67 ± 3.56 mm at the initial visit to 65 ± 6.46 mm at the final visit with p=0.000 is al so observed. In assessing the breakup time is marked improvement of 5.40 ± 2.18 seconds at the initial visit to 8.13 ± 1.17 seconds at the last visit (p=0.000). Finally in OSDI test marked improvement from an initial score of 39.57 ± 10.02 to 16.51 ± 9.32 and score at the last visit (p=0.000) lies Conclusions: Polyethylene glycol 400 (0.4 per cent)/propylene glycol (0.3 per cent) with hydroxypropyl guar was effective in all parameters evaluated.

Actualización en dermatitis atópica. Propuesta de algoritmo de actuación / Atopic Dermatitis: Update and Proposed Management Algorithm

La dermatitis atópica es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica que afecta al 20% de los niños y casi al 3% de los adultos, produciendo un deterioro importante de la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus familias. En más del 75% de los casos es autorresolutiva y mejora después de la pubertad. No obstante, hay casos que no consiguen esta mejoría o que en los primeros años de la vida alcanza niveles de severidad que afectan de forma importante la salud y el desarrollo social de los pacientes. Actualmente no contamos con guías terapéuticas adecuadas para solucionar estas situaciones que se escapan del manejo habitual. En el siguiente artículo repasamos las opciones terapéuticas de las que disponemos actualmente para afrontar casos de dermatitis atópica moderada-severa, aportamos nuestra experiencia y planteamos un posible algoritmo terapéutico (AU)

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects 20% of children and almost 3% of adults and is associated with considerable impairment of quality of life for both patients and their families. While the condition resolves spontaneously after puberty in over 75%of cases, it can persist into adulthood. Furthermore, in young children severe forms can have serious health consequences and affect social development. There are no appropriate guidelines on how to handle cases that do not respond to routine treatment. In this article, we review the current treatments for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis, describe our experience with this disease, and propose a management algorithm (AU)

La piel sensible: un síndrome complejo / Sensitive Skin: A Complex Syndrome

Los estudios epidemiológicos ponen de manifiesto que cada vez son más las personas que dicen poseer una piel sensible, presumiéndose una prevalencia del 50% en la población europea. Se trata de una condición cutánea de hiperreactividad cuya manifestación depende de gran variedad de factores y cuya patogénesis no es del todo conocida, aunque diferentes estudios señalan un origen biofísico para este desorden. El diagnóstico objetivo de piel sensible es difícil, ya que la mayoría de los síntomas que presentan los pacientes son subjetivos. Además, no existen pruebas diagnósticas realmente eficaces y con un fuerte componente predictivo, pues la sensibilidad de la piel varía mucho de unas personas a otras. Por otra parte existen numerosas variaciones entre los compuestos que desencadenan respuestas del tipo de piel sensible. Las repercusiones sobre la calidad de vida son importantes y frecuentemente se acompañan de sintomatología psiquiátrica, por lo que el médico dermatólogo debe explorar este campo en la anamnesis. En el tratamiento de esta condición se hace imprescindible la colaboración del paciente y altas dosis de tenacidad por parte del médico (AU)

Epidemiologic studies indicate that ever larger numbers of people report having sensitive skin, for which a European prevalence of 50% is estimated. Sensitive skin is characterized by hyperreactivity, with manifestations varying in relation to many factors. The pathogenesis of this disorder is poorly understood, although studies point to a biophysical mechanism. Objective diagnosis of sensitive skin is difficult, as information comes mainly from the patient's report of symptoms in the absence of effective, strongly predictive tests because of great interindividual variability in skin sensitivity. Substances that trigger a reaction in hypersensitive skin also vary greatly. The impact of this syndrome on quality of life is considerable and patients often present psychiatric symptoms; therefore, dermatologists should explore this possibility when taking a patient's history. Patient cooperation and physician persistence are both essential for treating sensitive skin (AU)

Nuevas perspectivas terapéuticasen dermatitis atópica / Atopic dermatitis. New therapies for the future

En el momento actual, la meta del tratamiento de la dermatitis atópica es el control de los síntomas. Las nuevas alternativas terapéuticas para estaenfermedad están relacionadas con la aplicación de los nuevos fármacos biológicos que en la actualidad se están ensayando en otros procesos dermatológicosy el desarrollo de nuevas moléculas específicas para el tratamiento de la dermatitis atópica, el eczema de manos u otros tipos de eczema. Eneste artículo realizamos una revisión sobre las principales novedades en cada uno de los grupos terapéuticos de la dermatitis atópica, con especial interéssobre los datos de eficacia y seguridad. Trataremos de los nuevos hidratantes y emolientes (Atopiclair® y N-palmitoiletanolamina), tratamientostópicos (corticoides, antibióticos, antifúngicos, antagonistas de los receptores opiáceos y derivados de la vitamina D), tratamientos físicos (láser decolorante pulsado y láser de excímeros), tratamientos sistémicos (probióticos, ácido docosahexanoico (DHA), montelukast, rosiglitazona y micofenolatode mofetilo) y tratamientos biológicos (omalizumab, rituximab, alefacept, infliximab, etanercept, efalizumab y ustekinumab) (AU)

Control of symptoms is the point in current treatments for atopic dermatitis. New therapeutic alternatives include new biologic drugs currently beingtested in other dermatological processes, as well as the development of new molecules specific for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, hand eczemaand other eczemas. This article includes a review on most important news in every therapeutic group, particularly on effectiveness and safety data. Wewill go over new moisturizing and emollient products (Atopiclair® and N-palmitoylethanolamine), topic treatments (corticoids, antibiotics, antifungaldrugs and antagonists for opiaceous receptors derived from vitamin D), physical treatments (dye laser and excimer laser), systemic treatments (probiotics,docosahexanoic acid (DHA), montelukast, rosiglitazone and mycophenolate mofetil and biologic treatments (omalizumab, rituximab, alefacept,infliximab, etanercept, efalizumab and ustekinumab) (AU)

[Toothpastes: ingredients, brands, categories and their utilization].

Toothpaste is one of the most widely used dental products, with the largest sales. Its use is one of the most popular oral hygiene behaviors in developed countries. In the last 30 years there has been a large variety of changes in toothpaste composition. One of the main changes is utilizing the toothpaste as a delivery system for therapeutic agents to the oral cavity. A large variety of toothpastes can be found on the market, for different purposes: caries prevention, gingivitis prevention, anti calculus formation, dentine hypersensitivity prevention and for teeth whitening. Toothpastes have a wide range of ingredients: abrasives, humectants, preservatives, thickening or binding agents, detergents, flavoring agents and therapeutic agents. This review provides details on the ingredients of dentifrices, the evidence about the different brands and categories, and questions about their utilization.

Tratamiento de la dermatitis atópica / No disponible

En este artículo se revisan las recomendaciones sobre los hábitos de vida en los pacientesatópicos, así como el tratamiento más apropiado según la gravedad de la enfermedad.Su elaboración está basada en guías clínicas y revisiones sistemáticas. Además se resume laexperiencia existente en la bibliografía en el uso de nuevos tratamientos para la dermatitisatópica(AU)

In this article, we review the recommendations of life style in the patients with atopicdermatitis and the most suitable treatment in relation to the severity of the disease. This documentis based in clinical guidelines and systematic reviews. Furthermore, we resume the experienceavailable in the bibliography about the use of new treatments in atopic dermatitis(AU)

Tratamiento de la dermatitis atópica. Una perspectiva desde la medicina basada en pruebas / No disponible

En este artículo se resumen las principales intervenciones utilizadas para el tratamientoy prevención de la dermatitis atópica (DA). Para ello, se han revisado bases dedatos secundarias y guías de práctica clínica de buena calidad metodológica con el objetivode ofrecer una visión general de la eficacia de estas medidas. Para la redacción deeste artículo se han utilizado principalmente dos recursos, Clinical Evidence y la guía depráctica clínica de NICE. Se ha complementado su información, cuando se ha estimadopreciso, con otras fuentes de información, principalmente revisiones sistemáticas de laColaboración Cochrane(AU)

This article summarizes the most important interventions used in the treatment andprevention of atopic dermatitis (DA). Secondary databases and good methodological qualityclinical guidelines have been reviewed in order to offer a general overview of the availableevidence of these measures. Two resources have mainly been used: Clinical Evidenceand the clinical guideline NICE.Its information has been completed, when necessary, with other information resources,mainly systematic reviews of the Cochrane Collaboration(AU)

Desenvolvimento de formulações cosméticas hidratantes e avaliação da eficácia por métodos biofísicos / Development of cosmetic moisturizer formulations and evaluation of hydrating eficcacy by biophysical methods

Introdução: A comprovação da eficiência de formulações hidratantes deve ser criteriosa e analisada por com métodos adequados. Objetivo: O objetivo principal do trabalho foi avaliar in vivo a eficácia hidratante de formulações contendo diferentes componentes ativos por capacitância elétrica e perda de água transepidérmica. Compararam-se os desempenhos entre Corneometer® e Moisturemeter® e entre o Vapometer® e Tewlmeter®. Verificou-se o comportamento in vitro das alterações causadas pelas substâncias hidratantes, em modelo de estrato córneo alternativo. Material e Métodos: Os compostos ativos selecionados (4% p/p) para incorporação nos géis a base de carbômero foram: uréia, extrato vegetal de Imperata cylindrica; complexo contendo fatores de hidratação natural; e os derivados do açúcar, sacarídeo isomerato e a mistura de xilitilglicosídeo e anidroxilitilglicosídeo. A avaliação in vivo da eficácia hidratante, teve o delineamento experimental baseado no projeto fatorial ANOVA three way. Os tempos estudados foram: após a aplicação e 30,60, 120; 240 e 360 minutos. O estudo de estabilidade acelerada das formulações envolveu condições drásticas de armazenamento (temperatura, umidade e luminosidade) durante 90 dias. Na avaliação in vitro do comportamento das substâncias hidratantes utilizou-se a espectroscopia Raman com transformada de Fourier (FT-Raman) e Calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC)...

Xerosis: una disfunción de la barrera epidérmica / Xerosis: a dysfunction of the epidermal barrier

La xerosis o piel seca es un trastorno cutáneo de alta prevalencia en la población general que se caracteriza clínicamente por una piel áspera, descamativa y habitualmente pruriginosa. Ciertas dermatosis como la dermatitis atópica cursan con este trastorno, aunque puede presentarse en individuos sanos si coinciden varios factores etiológicos. Fisiopatológicamente consiste en la modificación estructural del estrato córneo, su contenido en agua y un defecto en la diferenciación queratinocitaria. El tratamiento de la xerosis debiera buscar la recomposición de los lípidos fisiológicos de la epidermis y el aporte de sustancias que faciliten la diferenciación epidérmica (AU)

Xerosis or dry skin is a common skin disorder among the general population. It is characterized clinically by rough, scaly, and often itchy skin. This disorder is present in the course of some dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis, although it can also occur in healthy individuals if a combination of certain etiologic factors is present. It is characterized pathophysiologically by a disrupted stratum corneum, dehydration, and impaired keratinocyte differentiation. Treatment of xerosis should seek to restore physiologic lipids in the epidermis and provide substances that facilitate epidermal differentiation (AU)