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1.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 71(1): 73, 2024 Feb 01.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38683090

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To carry out a preliminary analysis on the Treg lymphocyte counts present in the peripheral blood of allergic asthmatic children from the city of Cartagena, Colombia, compared to healthy controls. METHODS: We compared cytometry counts of ten asthmatic patients (age 7-16 years) and seven healthy controls (6-12 years), recruited in the city of Cartagena. Peripheral blood samples were stained using Cytek's 14-color cFluor Immunoprofiling kit (Cytek® cFluor® Immunoprofiling Kit 14 Color RUO kit), and analyzed on a Northern Lights™ spectral cytometer (Cytek® Biosciences, Fremont, CA, USA), to read 50.000 events per sample. The data obtained were analyzed in SpectroFlo® and FlowJo. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Cartagena (SGR, Grant BPIN2020000100405). RESULTS: The frequency of CD3+, CD4+, CD25+, CD127- Tregs was 11% of all CD4+ T cells, with a range of minimum 8,1% and maximum 17,7%. There was no significant difference in the proportion of Tregs between allergic asthmatic patients and healthy controls (P = 0,2). CONCLUSIONS: With this preliminary sample size, no significant differences were found in the Treg lymphocyte population between allergic asthmatic patients and healthy controls. The 14-color multiplexed panel is a useful tool not only to count CD3+ and CD4+ populations, but also to obtain the percentage of regulatory T cells using cell surface markers.


OBJETIVO: Realizar un análisis preliminar sobre los conteos de linfocitos Tregs presentes en sangre periférica de niños asmáticos alérgicos de la ciudad de Cartagena, comparado con controles sanos. MÉTODOS: Se compararon los conteos de citometría de diez pacientes asmáticos (entre 7 y16 años) y siete controles sanos (entre 6 y12 años), reclutados en la ciudad de Cartagena. La muestra de sangre periférica fue teñida empleando el kit de inmunofenotipo multiplexado de 14 colores de Cytek (Cytek® cFluor® Immunoprofiling Kit 14 Color), y analizada en un citómetro espectral Northern Lights™ (Cytek® Biosciences, Fremont, CA, USA), a lectura de 50.000 eventos por muestra. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados en SpectroFlo® y FlowJo. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética de la Universidad de Cartagena. RESULTADOS: El panel de tinción funcionó apropiadamente y dentro de los parámetros apropiados. Se obtuvo un promedio de células Tregs CD3+, CD4+, CD25+ y CD127- del 11% de todos los CD4+ en las muestras estudiadas, con un rango de mínimo de 8,1% y un máximo de 17,7%. No hubo diferencias significativas en la proporción de linfocitos Tregs entre los pacientes asmáticos alérgicos y los controles sanos (P = 0.2). CONCLUSIONES: Con este tamaño de muestra preliminar, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la población de linfocitos Tregs entre los pacientes asmáticos alérgicos y los controles sanos. El panel multiplexado de 14 colores es una herramienta útil no solo para derivar las poblaciones CD3+ y CD4+, sino también para obtener el porcentaje de células T reguladoras empleando marcadores de superficie celular.


Asunto(s)
Asma , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2 , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-7 , Linfocitos T Reguladores , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Asma/sangre , Asma/inmunología , Antígenos CD4/análisis , Antígenos CD4/sangre , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/sangre , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/análisis , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-7/análisis , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-7/sangre , Recuento de Linfocitos , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología
2.
Adv Rheumatol ; 59(1): 30, 2019 07 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31340848

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Adaptive immune cells, including CD4+CD69+ and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, are important for maintaining immunological tolerance. In human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells are reduced, whereas CD69 expression is increased, resulting in a homeostatic immune imbalance that may intensify autoreactive T cell activity. To analyze the mechanisms implicated in autotolerance failure, we evaluated CD4+CD69+ and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells and interleukin profiles in a pristane-induced SLE experimental model. METHODS: For lupus induction, 26 female Balb/c mice received a single intraperitoneal 0.5 ml dose of pristane, and 16 mice received the same dose of saline. Blood and spleen samples were collected from euthanized mice 90 and 120 days after pristane or saline inoculation. Mononuclear cells from peripheral blood (PBMC), peritoneal lavage (PL) and splenocytes were obtained by erythrocyte lysis and cryopreserved for further evaluation by flow cytometry using the GuavaEasyCyte TM HT. After thawing, cells were washed and stained with monoclonal antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, CD28, CD69, FoxP3, CD14 and Ly6C (BD Pharmingen TM). Interleukins were quantified using Multiplex® MAP. The Mann-Whitney test and the Pearson coefficient were used for statistical analysis, and p < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: Compared with the controls, SLE-induced animals presented increased numbers of CD4+CD69+ T cells in the blood on T90 and T120 (p = 0.022 and p = 0.008) and in the spleen on T120 (p = 0.049), but there were decreased numbers in the PL (p = 0.049) on T120. The percentage of Treg was lower in blood (p < 0.005 and p < 0.012) on T90 and T120, in spleen (p = 0.043) on T120 and in PL (p = 0.001) on T90. Increased numbers of CD4 + CD69+ T cells in the PL were positively associated with high IL-2 (p = 0.486) and IFN-γ (p = 0.017) levels, whereas reduced Treg cells in the blood were negatively correlated with TNFα levels (p = 0.043) and positively correlated with TGFß1 (p = 0.038). CONCLUSION: Increased numbers of CD4+CD69+ T cells and reduced numbers of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells with an altered interleukin profile suggests loss of autotolerance in pristane-induced lupus mice, which is similar to human lupus. Therefore, this model is useful in evaluating mechanisms of cellular activation, peripheral tolerance and homeostatic immune imbalance involved in human SLE.


Asunto(s)
Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/citología , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/inmunología , Lavado Peritoneal , Bazo/citología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/citología , Animales , Antígenos CD/análisis , Antígenos CD/inmunología , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/análisis , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Antígenos Ly/análisis , Antígenos Ly/inmunología , Antígenos CD28/análisis , Antígenos CD28/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Femenino , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/análisis , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/inmunología , Inmunosupresores , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/análisis , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/inmunología , Lectinas Tipo C/análisis , Lectinas Tipo C/inmunología , Receptores de Lipopolisacáridos/análisis , Receptores de Lipopolisacáridos/inmunología , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/sangre , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/inducido químicamente , Recuento de Linfocitos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Bazo/inmunología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/citología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Terpenos
3.
Adv Rheumatol ; 59: 30, 2019. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-1088600

RESUMEN

Abstract Background: Adaptive immune cells, including CD4+CD69+ and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, are important for maintaining immunological tolerance. In human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells are reduced, whereas CD69 expression is increased, resulting in a homeostatic immune imbalance that may intensify autoreactive T cell activity. To analyze the mechanisms implicated in autotolerance failure, we evaluated CD4+CD69+ and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells and interleukin profiles in a pristane-induced SLE experimental model. Methods: For lupus induction, 26 female Balb/c mice received a single intraperitoneal 0.5 ml dose of pristane, and 16 mice received the same dose of saline. Blood and spleen samples were collected from euthanized mice 90 and 120 days after pristane or saline inoculation. Mononuclear cells from peripheral blood (PBMC), peritoneal lavage (PL) and splenocytes were obtained by erythrocyte lysis and cryopreserved for further evaluation by flow cytometry using the GuavaEasyCyte TM HT. After thawing, cells were washed and stained with monoclonal antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, CD28, CD69, FoxP3, CD14 and Ly6C (BD Pharmingen TM). Interleukins were quantified using Multiplex® MAP. The Mann-Whitney test and the Pearson coefficient were used for statistical analysis, and p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Compared with the controls, SLE-induced animals presented increased numbers of CD4+CD69+ T cells in the blood on T90 and T120 (p = 0.022 and p = 0.008) and in the spleen on T120 (p = 0.049), but there were decreased numbers in the PL (p = 0.049) on T120. The percentage of Treg was lower in blood (p < 0.005 and p < 0.012) on T90 and T120, in spleen (p = 0.043) on T120 and in PL (p = 0.001) on T90. Increased numbers of CD4+ CD69+ T cells in the PL were positively associated with high IL-2 (p = 0.486) and IFN-γ (p = 0.017) levels, whereas reduced Treg cells in the blood were negatively correlated with TNFα levels (p = 0.043) and positively correlated with TGFβ1 (p = 0.038). Conclusion: Increased numbers of CD4+CD69+ T cells and reduced numbers of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells with an altered interleukin profile suggests loss of autotolerance in pristane-induced lupus mice, which is similar to human lupus. Therefore, this model is useful in evaluating mechanisms of cellular activation, peripheral tolerance and homeostatic immune imbalance involved in human SLE.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Ratones , Bazo/citología , Lavado Peritoneal , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/citología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/citología , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/inmunología , Bazo/inmunología , Terpenos , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Antígenos Ly/análisis , Antígenos Ly/inmunología , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/análisis , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Antígenos CD/análisis , Antígenos CD/inmunología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/citología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Antígenos CD28/análisis , Antígenos CD28/inmunología , Recuento de Linfocitos , Receptores de Lipopolisacáridos/análisis , Receptores de Lipopolisacáridos/inmunología , Lectinas Tipo C/análisis , Lectinas Tipo C/inmunología , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/análisis , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/inmunología , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/análisis , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/inmunología , Inmunosupresores , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/sangre , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/inducido químicamente , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C
4.
Med Mycol ; 54(1): 23-8, 2016 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26333354

RESUMEN

Jorge Lobo's disease (JLD) is a chronic granulomatous mycosis described in various Latin American countries. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the possible role of Th17 and Foxp3+ Treg cells in the pathogenesis of Jorge Lobo's disease. Human skin biopsies were submitted to an immunohistochemistry protocol to detect Foxp3, interleukin (IL)-1beta, CD25, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23. The epidermis presented acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, and frequent presence of fungi. The dermis presented inflammatory infiltrate comprising macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelioid and multinucleated cells, and an intense number of fungi. Foxp3+ Treg cells and IL-17+ cells were visualized in lymphocytes in the inflammatory infiltrate. IL-1, IL-2R (CD25), IL-6, and IL-23 were visualized in the dermis, intermingled with fungal cells, permeating or participating of the granuloma. Following IL-17, the most prominent cytokine was IL-6. IL-23 and cells expressing CD25 were present in fewer number. The comparative analysis between IL-17 and Foxp3 demonstrated a statistically significant increased number of IL-17+ cells. Th17 cells play a role in the immune response of JLD. IL-1beta and IL-6 added to the previously described increased number of TGF-beta would stimulate such pattern of response. Th17 cells could be present as an effort to modulate the local immune response; however, high levels of a Th17 profile could overcome the role of Treg cells. The unbalance between Treg/Th17 cells seems to corroborate with the less effective immune response against the fungus.


Asunto(s)
Lobomicosis/patología , Piel/patología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Células Th17/inmunología , Biopsia , Femenino , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/análisis , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/análisis , Interleucinas/análisis , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad
5.
Exp Parasitol ; 160: 1-10, 2016 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26551412

RESUMEN

Profilins are actin-binding proteins that regulate the polymerization of actin filaments. In apicomplexan parasites, they are essential for invasion. Profilins also trigger the immune response of the host by activating TLRs on dendritic cells (DCs), inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study we characterized for the first time the immune response and protection elicited by a vaccine based on Neospora caninum profilin in mice. Groups of eight BALB/c mice received either two doses of a recombinant N. caninum profilin expressed in Escherichia coli. (rNcPRO) or PBS, both formulated with an aqueous soy-based adjuvant enriched in TLR-agonists. Specific anti-profilin antibodies were detected in rNcPRO-vaccinated animals, mainly IgM and IgG3, which were consumed after infection. Splenocytes from rNcPRO-immunized animals proliferated after an in vitro stimulation with rNcPRO before and after challenge. An impairment of the cellular response was observed in NcPRO vaccinated and infected mice following an in vitro stimulation with native antigens of N. caninum, related to an increase in the percentage of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+. Two out of five rNcPRO-vaccinated challenged mice were protected; they were negative for parasite DNA in the brain and showed no histopathological lesions, which were found in all PBS-vaccinated animals. As a whole, our results provide evidence of a regulatory response elicited by immunization with rNcPRO, and suggest a role of profilin in the modulation and/or evasion of immune responses against N. caninum.


Asunto(s)
Coccidiosis/prevención & control , Inmunización/métodos , Neospora/inmunología , Profilinas/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/biosíntesis , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Secuencia de Bases , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/citología , Proliferación Celular , Coccidiosis/inmunología , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Femenino , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/análisis , Inmunidad Celular , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/análisis , Linfocitos/inmunología , Macrófagos/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Profilinas/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Antiprotozoos/normas , Distribución Aleatoria , Proteínas Recombinantes/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Alineación de Secuencia , Bazo/citología , Bazo/inmunología , Vacunas Sintéticas/normas
6.
An Bras Dermatol ; 90(1): 41-7, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25672298

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Leprosy is characterized histologically by a spectrum of different granulomatous skin lesions, reflecting patients' immune responses to Mycobacterium leprae. Although CD4+CD25+ FoxP3+ T regulatory cells are pivotal in the immuneregulation, presence, frequency, and distribution of Tregs in leprosy, its reactional states have been investigated in few studies. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to verify the frequency and distribution of regulatory T cells in different clinical forms and reactional states of leprosy. METHODS: We performed an immunohistochemical study on 96 leprosy cases [Indeterminate (I): 9 patients; tuberculoid tuberculoid: 13 patients; borderline tuberculoid: 26 patients; borderline borderline: 3 patients; borderline lepromatous: 8 patients; lepromatous lepromatous: 27 patients; reversal reaction: 8 patients; and erythema nodosum leprosum: 2 patients]. RESULTS: FoxP3-positive cells were present in 100% of the cases with an average density of 2.82% of the infiltrate. Their distribution was not related to granulomatous structures or special locations. There was a statistically significant increment of FoxP3 expression in patients with leprosy reversal reactions when compared with patients presenting with type I leprosy (P= 0.0228); borderline tuberculoid leprosy (P = 0.0351) and lepromatous leprosy (P = 0.0344). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that Tregs play a relevant role in the etiopathogenesis of leprosy, mainly in type I leprosy reaction.


Asunto(s)
Granuloma/patología , Lepra/patología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/patología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Biopsia , Niño , Preescolar , Citocinas/análisis , Femenino , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/análisis , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/análisis , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Piel/patología , Adulto Joven
7.
J Infect Dis ; 211(5): 708-18, 2015 Mar 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25139022

RESUMEN

CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells have long been shown to mediate susceptibility to Leishmania infection, mainly via interleukin 10 production. In this work, we showed that the main sources of interleukin 10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania braziliensis are CD4(+)CD25(-)CD127(-/low)FOXP3(-) cells. Compared with uninfected controls, patients with CL had increased frequencies of circulating interleukin 10-producing CD4(+)CD25(-)CD127(-/low) cells, which efficiently suppressed tumor necrosis factor α production by the total PBMC population. Also, in CL lesions, interleukin 10 was mainly produced by CD4(+)CD25(-) cells, and interleukin 10 messenger RNA expression was associated with interleukin 27, interleukin 21, and interferon γ expression, rather than with FOXP3 or transforming growth factor ß expressions. Active production of both interleukin 27 and interleukin 21, together with production of interferon γ and interleukin 10, was also detected in the lesions. Since these cytokines are associated with the differentiation and activity of Tr-1 cells, our results suggest that this cell population may play an important role in the immunomodulation of CL. Therefore, development of treatments that interfere with this pathway may lead to faster parasite elimination.


Asunto(s)
Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Leishmania braziliensis/inmunología , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/inmunología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/química , Células Cultivadas , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/análisis , Humanos , Interferón gamma/biosíntesis , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/análisis , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-7/análisis , Interleucinas/biosíntesis , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/parasitología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/química , Linfocitos T Reguladores/química , Adulto Joven
8.
Hum Vaccin Immunother ; 11(2): 450-7, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25483636

RESUMEN

Tuberculosis (TB) remains the world's leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Although Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only vaccine currently in use, its efficacy is highly variable. It has been suggested that early antigenic presentation is a pivotal event leading to a better immune response in TB vaccine models. To investigate this further, we compared in vitro cell-mediated immune responses in the context of early sensitization with TB (i.e. healthy adults vaccinated with BCG when they were young, HD; n = 25) to those in its absence (i.e., newborns with naïve immunity to TB, UV; n = 10) by challenging mononuclear cells with BCG Moreau. After 48 hours, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were harvested from both groups and stained for PD-1/CD25/ FOXP3. In addition, supernatants were assayed for a broad range of cytokines using an array system. The HD group showed robust reactivity to Protein Purified Derivative and BCG while the naïve, UV group did not. Similarly, in terms of PD-1 expression and Treg cells (CD4+/CD25high(+)/FOXP3+), only the HD group showed higher levels in CD4 lymphocytes. Otherwise, only the UV group showed expression of CD25dim+ as an activation marker dependent on BCG infection. In terms of cytokines, the HD group showed higher levels of Th1 (IL-2/TNF-α/IFN-γ) and regulatory (IL-10) profiles, with monocytes, but not Tr1 cells, acting as the main source of IL-10. Taken together, our results highlight critical roles of early sensitization with TB in mounting cell-mediated immune responses.


Asunto(s)
Vacuna BCG/administración & dosificación , Vacuna BCG/inmunología , Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Células Cultivadas , Medios de Cultivo/química , Citocinas/análisis , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/análisis , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/análisis , Leucocitos Mononucleares/química , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/análisis , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/química , Adulto Joven
9.
Braz J Med Biol Res ; 47(8): 662-9, 2014 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25098715

RESUMEN

Regulatory T (TREG) cells play an important role in maintaining immune tolerance and avoiding autoimmunity. We analyzed the expression of membrane molecules in TREG and effector T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). TREG and effector T cells were analyzed for the expression of CTLA-4, PD1, CD28, CD95, GITR, HLA-DR, OX40, CD40L, and CD45RO in 26 patients with active disease, 31 with inactive disease, and 26 healthy controls. TREG cells were defined as CD25+/high CD127 Ø/low FoxP3+, and effector T cells were defined as CD25+CD127+FoxP3 Ø. The ratio of TREG to effector T cells expressing GITR, PD1, HLA-DR, OX40, CD40L, and CD45RO was determined in the three groups. The frequency of TREG cells was similar in patients with SLE and controls. However, SLE patients had a decreased frequency of CTLA-4+TREG and CD28+TREG cells and an increased frequency of CD40L+TREG cells. There was a decrease in the TREG/effector-T ratio for GITR+, HLA-DR+, OX40+, and CD45RO+ cells, and an increased ratio of TREG/effector-T CD40L+ cells in patients with SLE. In addition, CD40L+TREG cell frequency correlated with the SLE disease activity index (P=0.0163). In conclusion, our findings showed several abnormalities in the expression of functionally critical surface molecules in TREG and effector T cells in SLE that may be relevant to the pathogenesis of this disease.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Superficie/metabolismo , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Antígenos CD28/análisis , Ligando de CD40/análisis , Antígeno CTLA-4/análisis , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/análisis , Proteína Relacionada con TNFR Inducida por Glucocorticoide/análisis , Antígenos HLA-DR/análisis , Humanos , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/análisis , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-7/análisis , Antígenos Comunes de Leucocito/análisis , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/metabolismo , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/análisis , Receptores OX40/análisis , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Receptor fas/análisis
10.
J Oral Pathol Med ; 43(10): 754-60, 2014 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25060152

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Actinic cheilitis (AC) is an oral potentially malignant lesion which is the counterpart of actinic keratosis of the skin and has potential to develop into squamous cell carcinoma. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have a critical role in modulating the antitumor immune responses. The presence of regulatory T cells in potentially malignant lesions has not been described. We chose investigate the involvement of regulatory T cells in potentially malignant lesions. METHODS: The frequency, phenotype, and activity of CD4+CD25+ T cells isolated from blood and lesion of AC patients were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokines were quantified by ELISA. Data were compared with samples from healthy subjects. RESULTS: The frequency and suppressor activity of circulating CD4+CD25+ T cells was similar in AC patients and control subjects. However, the frequencies of IL-10-positive Tregs were higher in AC patients, and these cells inhibited interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and increased interleukin (IL)-10 productions in co-cultures. Furthermore, CD4+CD25+ T cells accumulate in AC lesions. Lesions-derived regulatory T cells suppressed lymphocyte proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Moreover, high levels of IL-10 and transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß), and low IFN-γ were detected in the potentially malignant lesions. CONCLUSION: Therefore, our data show that Tregs accumulate in AC lesions, and these cells could be suppressing immune responses in a potentially malignant microenvironment.


Asunto(s)
Queilitis/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antígenos CD4/análisis , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Proliferación Celular , Queilitis/sangre , Queilitis/patología , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/inmunología , Interferón gamma/análisis , Interleucina-10/análisis , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/análisis , Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , Neoplasias de los Labios/inmunología , Activación de Linfocitos/inmunología , Recuento de Linfocitos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fenotipo , Lesiones Precancerosas/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/patología , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/análisis , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunología
11.
J Clin Periodontol ; 41(1): 19-30, 2014 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24117627

RESUMEN

AIM: Porphyromonas gingivalis can synthesize an extracellular capsule and different serotypes have been described based on capsular antigenicity. On dendritic cells (DCs), the type of capsule present plays a role on the strength of the developed immune response. This study aimed to investigate the T-lymphocyte responses when stimulated with autologous mature DCs exposed to different P. gingivalis K-serotypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Naïve CD4(+) T-lymphocytes were obtained from healthy subjects and stimulated with autologous DCs primed with increasing multiplicity of infections of the different P. gingivalis K-serotypes. The Th1, Th2, Th17 and T-regulatory cytokines and transcription factor levels were quantified. RESULTS: Distinct types of response were detected when T-lymphocytes were stimulated by DCs primed with the different P. gingivalis K-serotypes. T-lymphocytes stimulated by K1 or K2-primed DCs elicited higher levels of Th1 and Th17-associated cytokines, T-bet and RORC2 than T-lymphocytes stimulated with DCs primed with the other serotypes. Conversely, the serotypes K3-K5 induced higher levels of Th2-associated cytokines and GATA-3 than the others. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that DCs primed with the different P. gingivalis K-serotypes elicited distinct T-cell responses. Strains K1 (W83) and K2 (HG184) induced a Th1/Th17 pattern of immune response and K3 (A7A1-28), K4 (ATCC(®49417™) ), and K5 (HG1690) a Th2 response.


Asunto(s)
Cápsulas Bacterianas/inmunología , Células Dendríticas/microbiología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Citocinas/análisis , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/análisis , Factor de Transcripción GATA3/análisis , Humanos , Interferón gamma/análisis , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/análisis , Interleucinas/análisis , Activación de Linfocitos/inmunología , Monocitos/inmunología , Miembro 3 del Grupo F de la Subfamilia 1 de Receptores Nucleares/análisis , Porphyromonas gingivalis/clasificación , Serotipificación , Proteínas de Dominio T Box/análisis , Linfocitos T/microbiología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Células TH1/inmunología , Células Th17/inmunología , Células Th2/inmunología , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/análisis , Factores de Necrosis Tumoral/análisis
12.
s.l; s.n; 2014. 7 p. graf.
No convencional en Inglés | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-ILSLPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-ILSLACERVO, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1095821

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Actinic cheilitis (AC) is an oral potentially malignant lesion which is the counterpart of actinic keratosis of the skin and has potential to develop into squamous cell carcinoma. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have a critical role in modulating the antitumor immune responses. The presence of regulatory T cells in potentially malignant lesions has not been described. We chose investigate the involvement of regulatory T cells in potentially malignant lesions. METHODS: The frequency, phenotype, and activity of CD4+CD25+ T cells isolated from blood and lesion of AC patients were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokines were quantified by ELISA. Data were compared with samples from healthy subjects. RESULTS: The frequency and suppressor activity of circulating CD4+CD25+ T cells was similar in AC patients and control subjects. However, the frequencies of IL-10-positive Tregs were higher in AC patients, and these cells inhibited interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and increased interleukin (IL)-10 productions in co-cultures. Furthermore, CD4+CD25+ T cells accumulate in AC lesions. Lesions-derived regulatory T cells suppressed lymphocyte proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Moreover, high levels of IL-10 and transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß), and low IFN-γ were detected in the potentially malignant lesions. CONCLUSION: Therefore, our data show that Tregs accumulate in AC lesions, and these cells could be suppressing immune responses in a potentially malignant microenvironment.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Fenotipo , Lesiones Precancerosas/inmunología , Neoplasias de los Labios/inmunología , Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , Activación de Linfocitos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Antígenos CD4/análisis , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Queilitis/inmunología , Queilitis/patología , Queilitis/sangre , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/análisis , Interferón gamma/análisis , Interleucina-10/análisis , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/patología , Recuento de Linfocitos , Mediadores de Inflamación/inmunología , Proliferación Celular , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/análisis , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunología
13.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop ; 46(3): 288-92, 2013.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23856878

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: The progression of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the anogenital tract has been associated with the involvement of cells with regulatory properties. Evidence has shown that glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) is an important surface molecule for the characterization of these cells and proposes that GITR ligand may constitute a rational treatment for many cancer types. We aimed to detect the presence of GITR and CD25 in cervical stroma cells with and without pathological changes or HPV infection to better understand the immune response in the infected tissue microenvironment. METHODS: We subjected 49 paraffin-embedded cervical tissue samples to HPV DNA detection and histopathological analysis, and subsequently immunohistochemistry to detect GITR and CD25 in lymphocytes. RESULTS: We observed that 76.9% of all samples with high GITR expression were HPV-positive regardless of histopathological findings. High GITR expression (77.8%) was predominant in samples with ≥ 1,000 RLU/PCB. Of the HPV-positive samples negative for intraepithelial lesion and malignancy, 62.5% had high GITR expression. High GITR expression was observed in both carcinoma and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) samples (p = 0.16). CD25 was present in great quantities in all samples. CONCLUSIONS: The predominance of high GITR expression in samples with high viral load that were classified as HSIL and carcinoma suggests that GITR+ cells can exhibit regulatory properties and may contribute to the progression of HPV-induced cervical neoplasia, emphasizing the importance of GITR as a potential target for immune therapy of cervical cancer and as a disease evolution biomarker.


Asunto(s)
Proteína Relacionada con TNFR Inducida por Glucocorticoide/análisis , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/análisis , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/inmunología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/virología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Adulto , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/inmunología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/inmunología
14.
Braz Dent J ; 23(4): 322-7, 2012.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23207844

RESUMEN

It was assessed the immunohistochemical profile of CD25+ cells in cases of chronic gingivitis (CG) and chronic periodontitis (CP). Immunohistochemistry was carried out using streptoavidin-biotin complex and anti-CD25 antibody in 17 cases of CG and 25 cases of CP. Sixteen cases (94.1%) of CG were immunopositive. CD25 was focally expressed in 50% of the sample and diffusely expressed in 25%. The stained cells were localized not only beneath the epithelium, but also far from it. In relation to the cellular density quantification of CD25+ cells, score ++ was the most common. Concerning CP, all cases were immunopositive. CD25+ cells were expressed in focal or diffuse pattern either close or far from the epithelium. Diffuse distribution of positive cells throughout the connective tissue was seen in 60% of the cases and 32% showed focal or diffuse cellular pattern. Sixteen cases (64%) received score +++. It was identified that CD25+ cells are present in either a focal or a diffuse pattern in connective tissue. Significant differences in the density of cellular immunostaining between CG and CP were found. The greatest density was observed in CP cases, which suggests that the infiltrate of lymphocytes show a higher degree of cellular activation in periodontitis compared with gingivitis.


Asunto(s)
Periodontitis Crónica/inmunología , Gingivitis/inmunología , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/análisis , Recuento de Células , Enfermedad Crónica , Células del Tejido Conectivo/inmunología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Células Epiteliales/inmunología , Fibroblastos/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Linfocitos/inmunología , Células Plasmáticas/inmunología , Linfocitos T Colaboradores-Inductores/inmunología
15.
Clinics (Sao Paulo) ; 67(5): 425-9, 2012.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22666784

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between T cell receptor excision circle levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and regulatory T cells that co-express CD25 and Foxp3 in healthy children and adolescents of different ages. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The quantification of signal-joint T-cell receptor excision circle levels in the genomic DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed using real-time quantitative PCR. The analysis of CD4, CD8, CD25, and Foxp3 expression was performed using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Ninety-five healthy controls (46 females and 49 males) ranging in age from 1 to 18 years were analyzed. The mean T-cell receptor excision circle count in all individuals was 89.095 ± 36.790 T-cell receptor excision circles per microgram of DNA. There was an inverse correlation between T-cell receptor excision circles counts and age (r = -0.846; p<0.001) as well as between the proportion of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells and age (r = -0.467; p = 0.04). In addition, we observed a positive correlation between the amount of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells and the amount of T-cell receptor excision circles per microgram of DNA in individuals of all ages (r = -0.529; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we observed a decrease in the thymic function with age based on the fact that the level of T-cell receptor excision circles in the peripheral blood positively correlated with the proportion of regulatory T cells in healthy children and adolescents. These findings indicate that although T-cell receptor excision circles and regulatory T cells levels decrease with age, homeostasis of the immune system and relative regulatory T cells population levels are maintained in the peripheral blood.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inmunología , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/análisis , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/análisis , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Timo/inmunología , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Antígenos CD4/análisis , Recuento de Linfocito CD4 , Antígenos CD8/análisis , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Linfocitos T Reguladores/metabolismo , Timo/metabolismo
16.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 6(4): e1630, 2012.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22545173

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Myocardium damage during Chagas' disease results from the immunological imbalance between pro- and production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and has been explained based on the Th1-Th2 dichotomy and regulatory T cell activity. Recently, we demonstrated that IL-17 produced during experimental T. cruzi infection regulates Th1 cells differentiation and parasite induced myocarditis. Here, we investigated the role of IL-17 and regulatory T cell during human Chagas' disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: First, we observed CD4(+)IL-17(+) T cells in culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Chagas' disease patients and we evaluated Th1, Th2, Th17 cytokine profile production in the PBMC cells from Chagas' disease patients (cardiomyopathy-free, and with mild, moderate or severe cardiomyopathy) cultured with T. cruzi antigen. Cultures of PBMC from patients with moderate and severe cardiomyopathy produced high levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and low levels of IL-10, when compared to mild cardiomyopathy or cardiomyopathy-free patients. Flow cytometry analysis showed higher CD4(+)IL-17(+) cells in PBMC cultured from patients without or with mild cardiomyopathy, in comparison to patients with moderate or severe cardiomyopathy. We then analyzed the presence and function of regulatory T cells in all patients. All groups of Chagas' disease patients presented the same frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. However, CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells from patients with mild cardiomyopathy or cardiomyopathy-free showed higher suppressive activity than those with moderate and severe cardiomyopathy. IFN-γ levels during chronic Chagas' disease are inversely correlated to the LVEF (P = 0.007, r = -0.614), while regulatory T cell activity is directly correlated with LVEF (P = 0.022, r = 0.500). CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These results indicate that reduced production of the cytokines IL-10 and IL-17 in association with high levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α is correlated with the severity of the Chagas' disease cardiomyopathy, and the immunological imbalance observed may be causally related with deficient suppressor activity of regulatory T cells that controls myocardial inflammation.


Asunto(s)
Cardiomiopatía Chagásica/inmunología , Cardiomiopatía Chagásica/patología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Células Th17/inmunología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antígenos CD4/análisis , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/metabolismo , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Humanos , Inmunofenotipificación , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/análisis , Leucocitos Mononucleares/química , Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad
17.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 6(4): e1627, 2012.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22545172

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The inflammatory response is prominent in the pathogenesis of dermal leishmaniasis. We hypothesized that regulatory T cells (Tregs) may be diminished in chronic dermal leishmaniasis (CDL) and contribute to healing during treatment. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The frequency and functional capacity of Tregs were evaluated at diagnosis and following treatment of CDL patients having lesions of ≥6 months duration and asymptomatically infected residents of endemic foci. The frequency of CD4(+)CD25(hi) cells expressing Foxp3 or GITR or lacking expression of CD127 in peripheral blood was determined by flow cytometry. The capacity of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells to inhibit Leishmania-specific responses was determined by co-culture with effector CD4(+)CD25(-) cells. The expression of FOXP3, IFNG, IL10 and IDO was determined in lesion and leishmanin skin test site biopsies by qRT-PCR. Although CDL patients presented higher frequency of CD4(+)CD25(hi)Foxp3(+) cells in peripheral blood and higher expression of FOXP3 at leishmanin skin test sites, their CD4(+)CD25(+) cells were significantly less capable of suppressing antigen specific-IFN-γ secretion by effector cells compared with asymptomatically infected individuals. At the end of treatment, both the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(hi)CD127(-) cells and their capacity to inhibit proliferation and IFN-γ secretion increased and coincided with healing of cutaneous lesions. IDO was downregulated during healing of lesions and its expression was positively correlated with IFNG but not FOXP3. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The disparity between CD25(hi)Foxp3(+) CD4 T cell frequency in peripheral blood, Foxp3 expression at the site of cutaneous responses to leishmanin, and suppressive capacity provides evidence of impaired Treg function in the pathogenesis of CDL. Moreover, the concurrence of increased Leishmania-specific suppressive capacity with induction of a CD25(hi)CD127(-) subset of CD4 T cells during healing supports the participation of Tregs in the resolution of chronic dermal lesions. Treg subsets may therefore be relevant in designing immunotherapeutic strategies for recalcitrant dermal leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) species.


Asunto(s)
Leishmania/inmunología , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Enfermedades Asintomáticas , Antígenos CD4/análisis , Enfermedad Crónica , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/análisis , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Proteína Relacionada con TNFR Inducida por Glucocorticoide/análisis , Humanos , Inmunofenotipificación , Interferón gamma/biosíntesis , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/análisis , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-7/análisis , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/tratamiento farmacológico , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/patología , Masculino , Piel/patología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/química
18.
Virology ; 430(1): 73-80, 2012 Aug 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22609353

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to analyze the regulatory T cells (Tregs) induced by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in pigs. Serum, blood, tonsil, and mediastinal lymph nodes' samples were obtained at different time post-infection (dpi). The frequencies of CD4(+)CD8(-)CD25(+)Foxp3(+), CD4(+)CD8(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+), or CD4(-)CD8(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) phenotypes were determined in PBMC and lymph node cells, and cells producing IL-10 or TGF-ß were analyzed. PRRSV increased the number of CD4(+)CD8(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) cells at 14 dpi, whereas CD4(+)CD8(-)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) remained constant until 28 dpi. Positive correlation exists between viremia and induced regulatory cells. CD4(+)CD8(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)-induced Treg cells were consistently observed in lymphoid tissues. Analysis of IL-10- and TGF-ß-producing cell demonstrated that in response to PRRSV, CD4(+)CD8(-)Foxp3(low) and CD4(+)CD8(+)Foxp3(high) cells increase moderately the proportion of IL-10(+) cells. TGF-ß was only observed in the CD4(+)CD8(+)Foxp3(high) population after PRRSV stimulation. In conclusion, PRRSV infection increases the frequency of Tregs with the phenotype CD4(+)CD8(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(high) and produces TGF-ß.


Asunto(s)
Síndrome Respiratorio y de la Reproducción Porcina/inmunología , Virus del Síndrome Respiratorio y Reproductivo Porcino/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/virología , Animales , Sangre/inmunología , Antígenos CD4/análisis , Antígenos CD8/análisis , Factor Nuclear 3-gamma del Hepatocito/análisis , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/análisis , Ganglios Linfáticos/inmunología , Tonsila Palatina/inmunología , Porcinos , Linfocitos T Reguladores/química , Factores de Tiempo , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/metabolismo
19.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 5(11): e1383, 2011 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22087344

RESUMEN

Hookworm infection is considered one of the most important poverty-promoting neglected tropical diseases, infecting 576 to 740 million people worldwide, especially in the tropics and subtropics. These blood-feeding nematodes have a remarkable ability to downmodulate the host immune response, protecting themselves from elimination and minimizing severe host pathology. While several mechanisms may be involved in the immunomodulation by parasitic infection, experimental evidences have pointed toward the possible involvement of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in downregulating effector T-cell responses upon chronic infection. However, the role of Tregs cells in human hookworm infection is still poorly understood and has not been addressed yet. In the current study we observed an augmentation of circulating CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells in hookworm-infected individuals compared with healthy non-infected donors. We have also demonstrated that infected individuals present higher levels of circulating Treg cells expressing CTLA-4, GITR, IL-10, TGF-ß and IL-17. Moreover, we showed that hookworm crude antigen stimulation reduces the number of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T regulatory cells co-expressing IL-17 in infected individuals. Finally, PBMCs from infected individuals pulsed with excreted/secreted products or hookworm crude antigens presented an impaired cellular proliferation, which was partially augmented by the depletion of Treg cells. Our results suggest that Treg cells may play an important role in hookworm-induced immunosuppression, contributing to the longevity of hookworm survival in infected people.


Asunto(s)
Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Proliferación Celular , Infecciones por Uncinaria/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Antígenos CD4/análisis , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/análisis , Humanos , Evasión Inmune , Tolerancia Inmunológica , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/análisis , Subgrupos Linfocitarios/química , Subgrupos Linfocitarios/inmunología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Linfocitos T Reguladores/química , Adulto Joven
20.
Viral Immunol ; 24(4): 347-9, 2011 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21774688

RESUMEN

A patient with well-defined acute HIV infection who developed concomitant pulmonary tuberculosis during the retroviral acute syndrome is reported here. In this patient high levels of T-regulatory cells (Tregs) and a low proliferation response to M. tuberculosis were initially detected, which normalized throughout follow-up. This case calls for the consideration of tuberculosis in patients in the early stages of HIV, and emphasizes the need for further study of the potential causal relationship between Treg cells and the risk of TB reactivation in HIV patients.


Asunto(s)
Seropositividad para VIH/complicaciones , Seropositividad para VIH/diagnóstico , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/complicaciones , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Adulto , Antígenos CD4/análisis , Proliferación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Citometría de Flujo , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/análisis , Seropositividad para VIH/inmunología , Seropositividad para VIH/patología , Humanos , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/análisis , Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , Masculino , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/química , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/inmunología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/patología
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