RESUMEN
Introducción: Dentro de las causas poco frecuentes de oclusión intestinal se encuentra el vólvulo de intestino delgado, el cual consiste en una torsión anormal del intestino alrededor del su propio eje de mesenterio, que provoca una obstrucción mecánica del intestino. Objetivo: Describir la semiografía del vólvulo de intestino delgado en un paciente de edad avanzada. Caso clínico: Paciente masculino de 62 años de edad, que ingresa en el cuerpo de guardia de cirugía, por dolor abdominal, tipo cólico intermitente, con una evolución de 72 horas; además, presenta distensión abdominal, náuseas y vómitos. Con el cuadro clínico, más los exámenes complementarios, se constata oclusión intestinal mecánica, causada por un vólvulo del intestino delgado. A los 5 días de ser intervenido quirúrgicamente se complicó por una perforación intestinal debido a necrosis del asa. Conclusiones: Debido a su presentación atípica y sus graves complicaciones, se precisa un diagnóstico certero y tratamiento urgente al paciente con vólvulo del intestino delgado, ya que pone en riesgo la vida(AU)
Introduction: Among the rare causes of intestinal obstruction is small intestine volvulus, which consists of an abnormal twisting of the intestine around its own mesentery axis, which causes a mechanical obstruction of the intestine. Objective: To describe the semiography of small intestine volvulus in an elderly patient. Clinical case: 62-year-old male patient, admitted to the surgery ward, due to abdominal pain, intermittent colic type, with an evolution of 72 hours; In addition, he presents abdominal distention, nausea and vomiting. With the clinical picture, plus complementary examinations, mechanical intestinal occlusion is confirmed, caused by a volvulus of the small intestine. Five days after undergoing surgery, it was complicated by intestinal perforation due to necrosis of the loop. Conclusions: Due to its atypical presentation and serious complications, an accurate diagnosis and urgent treatment are required for patients with small intestine volvulus, since it puts life at risk(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vólvulo Intestinal/cirugía , Obstrucción Intestinal/cirugía , Perforación Intestinal/complicaciones , Intestino Delgado/cirugía , Necrosis/etiología , Vómitos , Dolor Abdominal/complicaciones , Cólico/diagnóstico , NáuseaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Sepsis is a severe organic dysfunction caused by an infection that affects the normal regulation of several organ systems, including the central nervous system. Inflammation and oxidative stress play crucial roles in the development of brain dysfunction in sepsis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a fish oil (FO)-55-enriched lipid emulsion as an important anti-inflammatory compound on brain dysfunction in septic rats. METHODS: Wistar rats were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) or sham (control) and treated orally with FO (600 µL/kg after CLP) or vehicle (saline; sal). Animals were divided into sham+sal, sham+FO, CLP+sal and CLP+FO groups. At 24 h and 10 d after surgery, the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and total cortex were obtained and assayed for levels of interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-10, blood-brain barrier permeability, nitrite/nitrate concentration, myeloperoxidase activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive species formation, protein carbonyls, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Behavioral tasks were performed 10 d after surgery. RESULTS: FO reduced BBB permeability in the prefrontal cortex and total cortex of septic rats, decreased IL-1ß levels and protein carbonylation in all brain structures, and diminished myeloperoxidase activity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. FO enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex and prevented cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS: FO diminishes the negative effect of polymicrobial sepsis in the rat brain by reducing inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Disfunción Cognitiva/prevención & control , Aceites de Pescado/farmacocinética , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Sepsis/psicología , Animales , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Barrera Hematoencefálica/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades del Ciego/complicaciones , Enfermedades del Ciego/microbiología , Ciego/irrigación sanguínea , Ciego/microbiología , Disfunción Cognitiva/microbiología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Emulsiones , Lóbulo Frontal/efectos de los fármacos , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Perforación Intestinal/complicaciones , Perforación Intestinal/microbiología , Ligadura/efectos adversos , Masculino , Permeabilidad , Carbonilación Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Sepsis/etiología , Sepsis/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Gallstone ileus is a rare (1%4%) complication of gallstone disease. Gallstones entering the gastrointestinal tract by penetration may cause obstruction at any point along their course through the tract; however, they have a predilection to obstruct the smaller-caliber lumen of the small intestine (80.1%) or stomach (14.2%). The condition is seen more commonly in the elderly who often have significant co-morbidities. Gallstone ileus causing large bowel obstruction is rare. We report the case of a 95-year-old woman who presented with a history of abdominal pain without fever, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis with oral contrast revealed a high-density structure within the lumen of the distal sigmoid colon, initially suspected to be a foreign body. Medical management failed and surgical intervention was not possible. Autopsy revealed peritonitis and a rupture of the sigmoid colon at the site of a cylindrical stone found impacted in an area of fibrotic narrowing with multiple diverticula. A necrotic, thick-walled gallbladder had an irregular stone in its lumen that was a fracture match with the stone in the sigmoid. Adhesions, but no discrete fistula, were identified between the gallbladder and the adjacent transverse colon. The immediate cause of death was peritonitis caused by colonic perforation by the gallstone impacted at an area of diverticular narrowing. To our knowledge, such autopsy findings have not been previously reported.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Colon Sigmoide/lesiones , Cálculos Biliares/patología , Peritonitis/patología , Autopsia , Divertículo , Perforación Intestinal/complicacionesRESUMEN
Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (VEDS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the COL3A1 or COL1A1 genes. Its mortality is secondary to sudden and spontaneous rupture of arteries or hollow organs. The genotype influences the distribution of arterial pathology with aneurysms of intra-abdominal visceral arteries being relatively uncommon. We describe the case of a young man with probable VEDS who died of a spontaneous rupture and dissection of the cystic artery. The patient initially presented with abdominal pain due to an unrecognized spontaneous perforation of the small intestine complicated by sepsis. We postulate that inflammatory mediators may have triggered the arterial rupture due to remodeling and weakening of vessel walls. The phenotype of the patient's vascular damage included bilateral spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistulae and dissection with pseudoaneurysm formation of large- and medium-sized arteries, predominantly the abdominal aorta and its branches. The autopsy uncovered a long history of vascular events that may have been asymptomatic. These findings along with a positive family history supported the VEDS diagnosis. Loeys-Dietz, Marfan, and familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection syndromes were ruled out based on the absence of arterial tortuosity, eye abnormalities, bone overgrowth, and the distribution of vascular damage among other features. Interestingly, microscopic examination of the hippocampus revealed a focus of neuronal heterotopia, commonly associated with epilepsy; however, the patient had no history of seizures. The natural course of VEDS involves the rupture and dissection of arteries that, if unrecognized, can lead to a rapid death after bleeding into free spaces.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Aorta Abdominal , Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos/patología , Perforación Intestinal/complicaciones , Intestino Delgado/lesiones , Aneurisma/complicaciones , Autopsia , Aneurisma Falso/complicaciones , Resultado Fatal , Sepsis , Disección AórticaRESUMEN
Introducción: las perforaciones duodenales son consideradas lesiones de extrema gravedad a cualquier edad. Su etiología puede ser por traumatismos, o después de la realización de un procedimiento endoscópico digestivo. Debido a la elevada morbilidad y mortalidad de estas lesiones, su tratamiento quirúrgico ha sido el método de elección durante años en la mayoría de los casos. Más recientemente se ha reportado con éxito el tratamiento no quirúrgico en pacientes seleccionados. Presentación del caso: se presenta el caso de tratamiento exitoso no quirúrgico en un adolescente de 13 años con una perforación duodenal intraperitoneal después de una colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica. Las medidas terapéuticas en este caso fueron: la suspensión de la vía oral, el uso de nutrición parenteral total, la administración de análogo de la somatostatina y los antibióticos sistémicos. Conclusiones: la perforación duodenal intraperitoneal después de una colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica en niños puede ser diagnosticada precozmente. El tratamiento médico basado en la observación estricta del enfermo, la nutrición parenteral total, la suspensión de la alimentación oral, la aspiración nasogástrica octeotride y la administración de antibióticos sistémicos, es eficaz en enfermos selectos(AU)
Introduction: duodenal perforations are considered extremely serious lesions at any age. Its etiology may be due to trauma, or after performing a digestive endoscopic procedure. Due to the high morbidity and mortality of these injuries, surgical treatment has been the method of choice for years in most cases. More recently, non-surgical treatment has been reported successfully in selected patients. Case presentation: it is presented a case of successful non-surgical treatment in a 13-year-old adolescent with intra-peritoneal duodenal perforation after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Therapeutic measures in this case were: the suspension of the oral route, the use of total parenteral nutrition, the administration of the somatostatin analog and systemic antibiotics. Conclusions: intra-peritoneal duodenal perforation after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in children can be diagnosed early. Medical treatment based on strict observation of the patient, total parenteral nutrition, suspension of oral feeding, nasogastric octeotride aspiration; and administration of systemic antibiotics is effective in selected patients(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica/efectos adversos , Perforación Intestinal/complicaciones , Tratamiento Conservador/métodos , Perforación Intestinal , Nutrición Parenteral/métodosAsunto(s)
Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Perforación Intestinal/diagnóstico , Intestino Delgado , Factor de Transcripción STAT1/genética , Dolor Abdominal/etiología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Perforación Intestinal/complicaciones , Perforación Intestinal/diagnóstico por imagen , Perforación Intestinal/genética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mutación , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Introducción: las perforaciones duodenales son consideradas lesiones de extrema gravedad a cualquier edad. Su etiología puede ser por traumatismos, o después de la realización de un procedimiento endoscópico digestivo. Debido a la elevada morbilidad y mortalidad de estas lesiones, su tratamiento quirúrgico ha sido el método de elección durante años en la mayoría de los casos. Más recientemente se ha reportado con éxito el tratamiento no quirúrgico en pacientes seleccionados. Presentación del caso: se presenta el caso de tratamiento exitoso no quirúrgico en un adolescente de 13 años con una perforación duodenal intraperitoneal después de una colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica. Las medidas terapéuticas en este caso fueron: la suspensión de la vía oral, el uso de nutrición parenteral total, la administración de análogo de la somatostatina y los antibióticos sistémicos. Conclusiones: la perforación duodenal intraperitoneal después de una colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica en niños puede ser diagnosticada precozmente. El tratamiento médico basado en la observación estricta del enfermo, la nutrición parenteral total, la suspensión de la alimentación oral, la aspiración nasogástrica octeotride y la administración de antibióticos sistémicos, es eficaz en enfermos selectos(AU)
Introduction: duodenal perforations are considered extremely serious lesions at any age. Its etiology may be due to trauma, or after performing a digestive endoscopic procedure. Due to the high morbidity and mortality of these injuries, surgical treatment has been the method of choice for years in most cases. More recently, non-surgical treatment has been reported successfully in selected patients. Case presentation: it is presented a case of successful non-surgical treatment in a 13-year-old adolescent with intra-peritoneal duodenal perforation after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Therapeutic measures in this case were: the suspension of the oral route, the use of total parenteral nutrition, the administration of the somatostatin analog and systemic antibiotics. Conclusions: intra-peritoneal duodenal perforation after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in children can be diagnosed early. Medical treatment based on strict observation of the patient, total parenteral nutrition, suspension of oral feeding, nasogastric octeotride aspiration; and administration of systemic antibiotics is effective in selected patients(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica/efectos adversos , Perforación Intestinal/complicaciones , Tratamiento Conservador/métodos , Perforación Intestinal/tratamiento farmacológico , Nutrición Parenteral/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND Jejunal diverticulosis is a rare clinical condition, and the majority of patients are asymptomatic. However, some patients can develop serious complications, including perforation. We report the case of a 74-year-old female patient with a perforated jejunal diverticulum who presented with an 'acute abdomen' and with pneumoperitoneum on X-ray radiography. CASE REPORT A 74-year-old female patient presented to the emergency department with a 24-hour history of acute onset of diffuse abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting. Physical examination showed signs of generalized peritonitis. The chest radiograph showed a pneumoperitoneum. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and a perforated jejunal diverticulum was identified. Resection of the involved jejunal segment and a primary jejunal anastomosis were performed. CONCLUSIONS Perforated jejunoileal diverticula should be included in the differential diagnosis for elderly patients who present with an acute abdomen. A delay in the diagnosis can be fatal in this group of patients. Although radiographic signs, such as pneumoperitoneum, are unusual in these cases, this finding should provide a diagnostic clue for the physician.
Asunto(s)
Abdomen Agudo/etiología , Divertículo/diagnóstico por imagen , Perforación Intestinal/complicaciones , Enfermedades del Yeyuno/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumoperitoneo/etiología , Anciano , Divertículo/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedades del Yeyuno/complicaciones , Neumoperitoneo/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The incidence of anastomotic stricture varies due to the different definitions given to the condition. In most cases they are asymptomatic, and if there are symptoms, they are usually those of a partial intestinal obstruction. CASE REPORT: The case is presented of an 80 year old patient who underwent a lower anterior resection for rectal neoplasm. After ileostomy closure, he presented with subocclusive symptoms caused by stenosis of colorectal anastomosis. This stenosis was managed with endoscopic dilations, and one of these dilations produced an anastomotic perforation with pneumoperitoneum, retropneumoperitoneum, and pneumothorax. Once the patient was clinically and haemodynamically stable, the perforation was treated with conservative measures, resolving the complication satisfactorily. CONCLUSIONS: The literature describes several management options for colorectal anastomoses strictures, such as surgical resection, rubber dilators, endoscopic dilation, all of which might produce colonic perforation. Its management ranges from conservative measures to surgical intervention.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Colon/complicaciones , Tratamiento Conservador , Dilatación/efectos adversos , Endoscopía/efectos adversos , Perforación Intestinal/complicaciones , Neumoperitoneo/cirugía , Neumotórax/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/cirugía , Retroneumoperitoneo/cirugía , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/efectos adversos , Enfermedades del Colon/etiología , Constricción Patológica/terapia , Dilatación/métodos , Endoscopía/métodos , Humanos , Ileostomía , Perforación Intestinal/etiología , Masculino , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A psoas (or iliopsoas) abscess is a rare clinical entity with a wide etiological range. It is defined as a collection of pus that begins and extends through the iliopsoas muscle and can reach up to the inguinal region. METHODS: We performed a retrospective descriptive study by reviewing medical records from the General Surgery department of Reina Sofía's General University Hospital. Information was collected from patients diagnosed with psoas abscess who were admitted to the General Surgery department from 2006 to 2011. RESULTS: Five cases were reported for 6 years: four males (80%) and one female (20%). Average age was 51.6 years (range: 35--75). All were admitted to the hospital through the Emergency Department. Lumbar pain, fever and rash were clinical features in three patients. Two patients initiated with septic shock. Each patient had computed tomography performed, which confirmed the diagnosis. Causes of the abscess were as follows: one perforated colon neoplasm, two left hip osteomyelitis, one Crohn's disease and one primary abscess. Surgery was the treatment in three cases and placement of pigtail drainage was the treatment in two patients. Two patients were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit and ultimately died. CONCLUSION: In our case series report, it is seen that treatment delay developed to septic shock and death. We should consider this entity in emergency practice in order to carry out timely treatment.
Antecedentes: el absceso del psoas es una colección de pus que se localiza en el músculo psoas iliaco. Se produce por continuidad desde estructuras adyacentes o por diseminación hematógena; su etiología es diversa. Objetivo: describir la atención ofrecida a los pacientes con absceso de psoas ingresados en un servicio de cirugía general. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de pacientes ingresados al servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo del Hospital General Reina Sofía, Murcia, España, entre enero de 2006 y febrero de 2012 con diagnóstico compatible con absceso de psoas. Resultados: se reunieron 5 casos: 4 varones (80%) y 1 mujer (20%) con una media de edad de 51.6 años (límites: 35 y 75). Todos ingresaron al servicio de Cirugía General desde Urgencias. La clínica fue: dolor lumbar, fiebre y enrojecimiento de partes blandas en 3 pacientes. Dos iniciaron con choque séptico. A todos los pacientes se les realizó tomografía computada abdominal que confirmó el diagnóstico. Las causas del absceso fueron: 1 neoplasia de sigma perforada; 2 osteomielitis de cadera izquierda; 1 enfermedad de Crohn, y 1 absceso primario. El tratamiento fue el drenaje quirúrgico en 3 casos, y colocación de pig tail bajo control radiológico en 2 pacientes. Dos necesitaron atención en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, donde fallecieron. Conclusión: el retraso en el tratamiento suele desembocar en choque séptico con resultado de muerte en todos los casos. Es importante tener en mente esta posibilidad diagnóstica para poder establecer el diagnóstico diferencial en urgencias y tratarla lo más temprano posible.
Asunto(s)
Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Absceso del Psoas/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Terapia Combinada , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Enfermedad de Crohn/complicaciones , Diagnóstico Tardío , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Drenaje/instrumentación , Drenaje/métodos , Urgencias Médicas , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Articulación de la Cadera , Humanos , Perforación Intestinal/complicaciones , Perforación Intestinal/diagnóstico , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/etiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteomielitis/complicaciones , Osteomielitis/diagnóstico , Absceso del Psoas/complicaciones , Absceso del Psoas/diagnóstico por imagen , Absceso del Psoas/tratamiento farmacológico , Absceso del Psoas/microbiología , Absceso del Psoas/cirugía , Radiología Intervencionista , Estudios Retrospectivos , Choque Séptico/etiología , Choque Séptico/mortalidad , Neoplasias del Colon Sigmoide/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Colon Sigmoide/diagnóstico , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Degos disease, also known as malignant atrophic papulosis, is a rare occlusive vasculopathy of unknown etiology characterized by infarcts in the dermis, gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, and other organs. It is characterized by papules, which become umbilicated and evolve with a depressed porcelain-white central area, with an erythematous halo with telangiectasias. Histological findings include wedge-shaped dermoepidermal necrosis and blood vessel thrombosis. Approximately 50-60% of patients with systemic symptoms die within 2-3 years, most due to gastrointestinal perforation. We report a typical case, with lethal outcome, in a 45-year-old woman.
Asunto(s)
Papulosis Atrófica Maligna/patología , Piel/patología , Biopsia , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Humanos , Perforación Intestinal/complicaciones , Papulosis Atrófica Maligna/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trombosis de la Vena/patologíaRESUMEN
Degos disease, also known as malignant atrophic papulosis, is a rare occlusive vasculopathy of unknown etiology characterized by infarcts in the dermis, gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, and other organs. It is characterized by papules, which become umbilicated and evolve with a depressed porcelain-white central area, with an erythematous halo with telangiectasias. Histological findings include wedge-shaped dermoepidermal necrosis and blood vessel thrombosis. Approximately 50-60% of patients with systemic symptoms die within 2-3 years, most due to gastrointestinal perforation. We report a typical case, with lethal outcome, in a 45-year-old woman.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Piel/patología , Papulosis Atrófica Maligna/patología , Biopsia , Resultado Fatal , Trombosis de la Vena/patología , Papulosis Atrófica Maligna/complicaciones , Perforación Intestinal/complicacionesRESUMEN
Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed in 26 preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or spontaneous intestinal perforation at term equivalent age. Infants with surgical NEC or spontaneous intestinal perforation had significantly more brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging compared with infants with medical NEC, even after adjustment for confounders.
Asunto(s)
Encefalopatías/diagnóstico , Encéfalo/patología , Enterocolitis Necrotizante/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Prematuro/diagnóstico , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Perforación Intestinal/diagnóstico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Encefalopatías/etiología , Enterocolitis Necrotizante/complicaciones , Enterocolitis Necrotizante/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso , Perforación Intestinal/complicaciones , Rotura EspontáneaRESUMEN
La amebiasis intestinal es una enfermedad frecuente en países en desarrollo, que es común en regiones tropicales y subtropicales, así como en regiones con servicios sanitarios deficientes. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 74 años de edad, sexo masculino, originario y residente de la ciudad de Guatemala, quién cursó una diarrea y dolor abdominal. Fue intervenido quirúrgicamente por abdomen agudo, con resección intestinal extensa por perforaciones. En el estudio de anatomía patológica se realizó el diagnóstico de colitis amebiana con perforaciones y peritonitis.
Intestinal amoebiasis is a disease common indeveloping countries, which is common in tropicaland subtropical regions, as well as in regions withpoor sanitation. We report the case of a 74-year-oldmale, resident of Guatemala City, who presented withdiarrhea and abdominal pain. He had a laparatomy foracute abdomen, undergoing wide intestinal resectiondue to perforations. The pathology diag-nosis wasamoebic colitis with perforations and peritonitis.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Disentería Amebiana/complicaciones , Disentería Amebiana/diagnóstico , Entamoeba histolytica/clasificación , Entamoeba histolytica/parasitología , Perforación Intestinal/complicacionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: End-ileostomy or colostomies are constructed for source control in patients with severe abdominal sepsis. After takedown, enterocutaneous fistula represents one of the most feared complications. METHODS: A prospective base was created with all patients that underwent, during a 90 month period, end-ileostomy or colostomy takedown after abdominal sepsis. Pre-, intra- and postoperative data were obtained to identify the factors related to enterocutaneous fistula. RESULTS: There were 293 patients. Thirty patients (10%) developed enterocutaneous fistulas. In twenty-four patients the site was at the anastomosis. Identified risk factors related to enterocutaneous fistula were ASA score III or higher (p< 0.01), ostomy takedown >365 days after its creation (p< 0.05), reoperation (p< 0.001) and anastomotic dehiscence (p< 0.001). Of these patients, twenty (67%) had spontaneous closure of the fistula, and three more (10%) had surgical closure, and three patients (10%) died. CONCLUSIONS: Ten percent of patients develop enterocutaneous fistula after end-ileostomy or colostomy takedown. Patient selection and delaying time of surgery to obtain complete recovery of the patient are the most important factors to avoid this complication. Prognosis is related to the characteristics of the fistula (output and site) and medical treatment.
Antecedentes: la ostomía terminal para el control del foco séptico es un procedimiento que casi siempre se realiza en pacientes con sepsis abdominal grave. Unas de las complicaciones más importantes posteriores a la restitución del tránsito son las fístulas enterocutáneas. Material y métodos: estudio prospectivo de seguimiento durante 90 meses de todos los pacientes a quienes se realizó cierre de ileostomía y colostomía terminal indicada por sepsis abdominal. Se obtuvieron los factores preoperatorios, transoperatorios y evolución posterior a la cirugía. resultados: se estudiaron 293 pacientes; 33 (10%) con fístulas enterocutáneas. En 24 pacientes la localización de la fístula fue en la anastomosis. Los factores de riesgo identificados para la formación de fístulas fueron: escala de ASA III o mayor (p< 0.01), cierre posterior a 365 días (p< 0.05), reoperación (p< 0.001) y dehiscencia de la anastomosis (p< 0.001). De estos pacientes hubo cierre espontáneo en 20 (67%), cierre quirúrgico en 3 (10%) y 3 pacientes (10%) fallecieron. Conclusiones: la fístula enterocutánea es una complicación que sucede en 10% de los pacientes sometidos a cierre de ileostomía, o colostomía terminal. La selección de los pacientes y realizar la cirugía una vez que el paciente esté recuperado son los factores más importante para evitar complicaciones. El pronóstico depende de las características de la fístula (gasto y sitio) y del tratamiento instituido al paciente.
Asunto(s)
Colon/cirugía , Colostomía , Ileostomía , Íleon/cirugía , Enfermedades Intestinales/etiología , Fístula Intestinal/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Adulto , Anciano , Anastomosis Quirúrgica , Colostomía/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Electivos , Femenino , Humanos , Ileostomía/efectos adversos , Incidencia , Enfermedades Intestinales/terapia , Perforación Intestinal/complicaciones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nutrición Parenteral , Peritonitis/epidemiología , Peritonitis/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/terapia , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Reoperación , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Introducción: presentándose como una verdadera emergencia quirúrgica, la perforación gástrica neonatal constituye un reto para todos los galenos que laboran en este campo. Objetivo: exponer los resultados de nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento de recién nacidos con perforación gástrica, y revisar el estado actual del conocimiento sobre esta nosología. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva, retrospectiva, con la totalidad de los recién nacidos ingresados en la sala de neonatología quirúrgica del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario William Soler, diagnosticados con perforación gástrica, durante el período comprendido entre enero de 1990 y diciembre de 2010. Resultados: se trataron 8 pacientes, de los cuales 3 se consideraron como idiopáticos. El neumoperitoneo estuvo presente en la totalidad de los pacientes. El fundus gástrico y la cara anterior del óirgano constituyeron los sitios más frecuentemente afectados. Por su lado, la prematuridad no guardó una clara relación con la ocurrencia de la perforación. En la mayoría de los pacientes se realizó una reparación primaria de la perforación sin gastrostomía. La mortalidad general en el estudio fue de un 62 por ciento, y fue la peritonitis la complicación más frecuente. Conclusiones: la perforación gástrica neonatal constituye una entidad altamente letal, en la cual las distintas alternativas de tratamiento quirúrgico no son, en definitiva, por sí solas, la solución para lograr una adecuada sobrevida(AU)
Introduction: present like a real surgical emergence, the neonatal gastric perforation is a challenge for all physicians working in this field. Objective: to show the results of our experience with the treatment of newborns presenting with gastric perforation and also to review the current state of knowledge on this nosology. Methods: a retrospective and descriptive research was conducted in all the newborns admitted in the surgical neonatology ward of the William Soler University Children Hospital, diagnosed with a gastric perforation, from January, 1990 to December, 2010. Results: eight patients were treat concluded that three were idiopathic. The fundus of the stomach and the organ's anterior face were the more frequently involved sites. By his part, the prematurity hasn't an evident relationship with the occurrence of perforation. In most of patients a primary repair of the perforation without gastrotomy was carried out. The general morality in present study was of 62 percent and the peritonitis was the more frequent complication. Conclusions: the neonatal gastric perforation is a highly lethal entity in which the different alternatives of surgical treatment are not anyway by themselves, the solution to achieve an appropriate survival(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Recién Nacido , Perforación del Esófago/complicaciones , Perforación del Esófago/mortalidad , Perforación Intestinal/complicaciones , Perforación Intestinal/mortalidad , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Rectal perforation rarely occurs spontaneously. We report a 44 years old male consulting for abdominal pain lasting 12 hours. Abdominal muscular resistance was observed on physical examination. A plain abdominal X ray film showed a pneumoperitoneum. The patient was operated finding a perforation in the lower rectum, with omentum sliding through it and exiting through the anus. The omentum was sectioned and ligated and a derivative colostomy was performed. The cause of the rectal perforation was not ascertained.
La perforación de recto se produce como resultado de una complicación bajo condiciones patológicas que comprometen la pared rectal. Rara vez ocurre espontáneamente. En casi todos los casos reportados de lesión rectal asociada a evisceración intestinal, el intestino delgado es el órgano involucrado. Las técnicas de reparación son variables, desde una rafia primaria en lesiones poco extensas, hasta resección de segmento lesionado y colostomía para los casos más graves. La decisión de la técnica a utilizar dependerá de la extensión y otras características de la lesión, del compromiso de estructuras vecinas, del tiempo de evolución y del grado de contaminación. El cirujano general debe estar preparado para el manejo de estas lesiones ya que son de resolución en los servicios de urgencias. Presentamos un caso, poco frecuente, de evisceración del epiplón mayor, transanal, posterior a lesión rectal de dudosa etiología.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Epiplón/cirugía , Epiplón/lesiones , Perforación Intestinal/complicaciones , Rotura Espontánea , Recto/lesiones , Abdomen Agudo/etiología , Colostomía , Prolapso Rectal , Recto/cirugíaRESUMEN
We report two cases with similar main complaints: dysphonia and subcutaneous cervical emphysema. After diagnosis procedures we identified pneumomediastinum, pneumoperitoneum and pneumoretroperitoneum caused by colonic perforation. Both patients underwent surgical treatment at Hospital Campo Arañuelo, Navalmoral de la Mata. Dysphonia and subcutaneous cervical emphysema are infrequent symptoms of presentation for occult gastrointestinal tract perforation or any retroperitoneal condition. Subcutaneous emphysema due to colonic perforation is extremely uncommon but it must to be considerate as a cause when its etiology remains unknown. Non iatrogenic subcutaneous emphysema is very rare in publications and is mostly associated with perforated sigmoid diverticulitis or carcinoma and the prognosis is poor Both patients underwent surgical treatment and also a wide spectrum antibiotic course. One of them needed respiratory support in the intensive care unit, and, in the outcome, he required a second surgical procedure to evacuate a residual abscess before discharge.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Colon/diagnóstico , Disfonía/etiología , Perforación Intestinal/diagnóstico , Enfisema Subcutáneo/etiología , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedades del Colon/complicaciones , Humanos , Perforación Intestinal/complicaciones , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In abdominal sepsis, when the initial surgery fails to control infection, a good choice may be to leave the abdomen open. This is a descriptive study of a series of cases using the vacuum pack system for temporary abdominal closure. METHODS: We studied 19 patients. Demographic data were obtained, as well as those related to the vacuum pack, and the final fascial closure. We describe the technique of temporary abdominal closure. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). RESULTS: The average length of the hospital stay was 24.7 days. Fourteen (73.7%) patients survived and five patients (26.3%) died. The mean treatment time with the vacuum pack was 12.7 days, with an average of 3.9 changes. Early fascial closing was achieved in seven patients with an average of 14.6 days. In seven patients a planned ventral hernia formed, which was repaired by separation of components on an average of 261 days or by polypropylene mesh on an average of 228 days. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, early fascial closing was achieved using the vacuum pack at a lower frequency than reported by other authors. Other parameters analyzed were similar to those reported in the literature. The vacuum pack system demonstrated to be effective, although the final selection for temporary abdominal closure will depend on the experience of the institution as well as surgeon preference. The vacuum pack system for temporary abdominal closure of the open abdomen is an effective alternative in patients with abdominal sepsis.