[Necrosis and intestinal perforation associated with feeding by jejunostomy]. / Necrosis y perforación intestinal asociada a alimentación por yeyunostomía.

Enteral nutrition through jejunostomy is a common practice in any general surgery service; it carries a low risk of complications and morbidity and mortality. We present the case of a patient with an immediate history of subtotal gastrectomy that began nutrition through jejunostomy and complicated with intestinal necrosis due to non-occlusive ischemia in the short period. The purpose of this work is to report on this complication, its pathophysiology and risk factors to take it into account and be able to take appropriate therapeutic action early.

La nutrición enteral por yeyunostomía es una práctica frecuente en cualquier servicio de cirugía general, esta conlleva bajo riesgo de complicaciones y morbimortalidad. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con antecedente inmediato de gastrectomía subtotal que inició nutrición por yeyunostomía y complicó con necrosis intestinal por isquemia no oclusiva en el corto lapso. La finalidad de este trabajo es informar sobre esta complicación, su fisiopatología y factores de riesgo para tenerla en cuenta y poder tomar precozmente una conducta terapéutica adecuada.

Necrosis intestinal, una complicación infrecuente de la nutrición enteral por yeyunostomía / Mesenteric necrosis, a rare complication of feeding jejunostomy

RESUMEN La nutrición enteral es parte importante del soporte vital avanzado en el paciente crítico, y ha demostrado ser más fisiológica, económica y con resultados superiores a la nutrición parenteral. La yeyunostomía para alimentación enteral está indicada cuando no es posible la alimentación por vía oral y está contraindicada la utilización de una sonda nasogástrica o nasoyeyunal de alimentación. Es una vía de alimentación con escasa morbilidad, aunque no está exenta de complicaciones, y algunas de ellas pueden ser graves. Comunicamos un caso de necrosis intestinal vinculado a la alimentación enteral por yeyunostomía en un paciente sometido a una gastrectomía oncológica.

ABSTRACT Enteral nutrition is an important component of advanced life support in the critically ill patient, and has demonstrated to be more physiologic, cheaper and with better results than parenteral nutrition. Jejunostomy for enteral nutrition is indicated when the oral route is impossible and the use of a nasogastric or nasojejunal feeding tube is contraindicated. Although the rate of complications associated with enteral nutrition through jejunostomy is low, they may occur and be serious. We report a case of bowel necrosis associated with a jejunostomy performed for enteral nutrition in a patient who underwent oncologic gastrectomy.

Risk factors and outcomes of pyogenic liver abscess in adult liver recipients: a matched case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Adult liver recipients (ALR) differ from the general population with pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) as they exhibit: reconstructed biliary anatomy, recurrent hospitalizations, poor clinical condition and are subjected to immunosuppression. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with PLA in ALR and to analyze the management experience of these patients. METHODS: Between 1996 and 2016, 879 adult patients underwent liver transplantation (LT), 26 of whom developed PLA. Patients and controls were matched according to the time from transplant to abscess in a 1 to 5 relation. A logistic regression model was performed to establish PLA risk factors considering clusters for matched cases and controls. Risk factors were identified and a multivariate regression analysis performed. RESULTS: Patients with post-LT PLA were more likely to have lower BMI (p = 0.006), renal failure (p = 0.031) and to have undergone retransplantation (p = 0.002). A history of hepatic artery thrombosis (p = 0.010), the presence of Roux en-Y hepatojejunostomy (p < 0.001) and longer organ ischemia time (p = 0.009) were independent predictors for the development of post-LT PLA. Five-year survival was 49% (95%CI 28-67%) and 89% (95%CI 78%-94%) for post-LT PLA and no post-LT PLA, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: history of hepatic artery thrombosis, the presence of hepatojejunostomy and a longer ischemia time represent independent predictors for the development of post-LT PLA. There was a significantly poorer survival in patients who developed post-LT PLA compared with those who did not.

Duodenectomía parcial distal con conservación del páncreas por un tumor del estroma gastrointestinal / Distal partial duodenoscopy with pancreas conservation for stromal gastrointestinal tumor

Los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal son los tumores mesenquimatosos más frecuentes del sistema digestivo. En el duodeno son raros, con menos de 5 por ciento. A diferencia de los carcinomas, los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal no infiltran la mucosa de manera extensa. La resección quirúrgica con bordes de sección negativos sin linfadenectomía es el principal tratamiento con intención curativa y las resecciones conservadoras se llevan a cabo siempre y cuando sean factibles desde el punto de vista técnico. Presentamos una paciente con un tumor del estroma gastrointestinal de duodeno cuya principal manifestación fue el sangrado digestivo alto. La lesión fue resecada con bordes de sección quirúrgicos negativos mediante una duodenectomía parcial distal de la tercera y cuarta porciones del duodeno con preservación del páncreas. El tránsito intestinal fue restituido mediante una duodenoyeyunostomía término-terminal en un plano de sutura. En este momento, la paciente recibe tratamiento con metisilato de imatinib(AU)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most frequent mesenchymal tumors of the digestive system. In the duodenum, their presentation is rare, with less than 5 persent. Unlike carcinomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors do not extensively infiltrate the mucosa. Surgical resection with negative section borders without lymphadenectomy is the main treatment with curative intent, and conservative resections are carried out as long as they are feasible from the technical point of view. We present the case of a patient with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the duodenum and whose main manifestation was high digestive bleeding. The lesion was resected with negative surgical section borders through a distal partial duodenectomy of the third and fourth portions of the duodenum and with preservation of the pancreas. The intestinal transit was restored by a terminal duodenojejunostomy in a suture plane. At this time, the patient is treated with imatinib mesylate(AU)

The Role of Gastrojejunostomy Size on Gastric Bypass Weight Loss.

BACKGROUND: The laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) has been considered a reference procedure in the bariatric surgery. The linear-stapled gastrojejunostomy (GJ) has proved to be safe and effective, but its optimal size referred to postoperative weight loss remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the role of the linear-stapled GJ size in the mid-term post-LRYGB weight loss and occurrence of complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January to April 2014, 128 patients underwent LRYGB with linear-stapled GJ in a 2-year follow-up. The LRYGB were carried out with the same technical steps, except for the length of the GJ. In GJ-15-mm group (n = 64), the GJ was constructed with white 45-mm cartridge in an extension of only 15 mm whereas in GJ-45-mm group (n = 64), the GJ was achieved using full extension of the cartridge. The body mass index (BMI) reduction was recorded for 24 months after procedure. RESULTS: The mean ages were 38 ± 10.6 and 41.3 ± 12.3 years, and there were 45 (70.3%) and 51 (79.7%) females in the GJ-15-mm and GJ-45-mm groups, respectively. The analysis on raw BMI data showed that both groups had significant reduction of BMI over time (p ≤ 0.05); however, reduction was greater in the GJ-15-mm group from 18 months onwards (p ≤ 0.05). The only complication observed was a case (1.56%) of stenosis in the group GJ-15 mm. CONCLUSION: The global analysis of BMI reduction indicated that the narrower GJ used (GJ-15-mm group) represented a favoring factor decreasing significantly more the BMI when compared to the wider one (GJ-45-mm group).

Autoadjustable sutures and modified seldinger technique applied to laparoscopic jejunostomy.

This is a simple technique to be applied to those patients requiring an alternative feeding method. This technique has been successfully applied to 25 patients suffering from esophageal carcinoma. The procedure involves laparoscopic approach, suture of the selected intestinal loop to the abdominal wall and jejunostomy using Seldinger technique and autoadjustable sutures. No morbidity or mortality was reported.

[Factors associated with jejunostomy complications]. / Factores asociados a complicaciones de yeyunostomía.

BACKGROUND: There are few studies in the literature that analyze jejunostomy complications and their associated factors. AIMS: To describe the rate of complications and analyze the factors associated with their development in a tertiary reference center in Mexico. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on patients that underwent Witzel jejunostomy within the time frame of January 2002 to December 2011. Patient demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected at the time of hospital admission and during follow-up. The factors associated with the development of complications were analyzed using the chi square test for categorical variables and the Student's t test for the continuous variables. Statistical significance was considered with a p<.05. RESULTS: One hundred and twelve patients (57 men) with a mean age of 54.2 years were included in the study. Forty-eight patients (42.9%) presented with postoperative complications. The most frequent surgical complications were severe sepsis (11.6%) and septic shock (7.14%) and the most frequent medical complications were pleural effusion (7.14%) and aspiration pneumonia (6.25%). The factors that were significantly associated with the development of complications were obesity, lymphocytopenia, and hypoalbuminemia. CONCLUSIONS: Jejunostomy is associated with an elevated medical, as well as surgical, complication frequency. Even though it has been established as a better alternative to parenteral nutrition, its associated morbidity should be taken into consideration before establishing its routine use as a means of nutritional support, especially in patients with factors associated with the development of complications.

Outcomes of choledochal cysts with or without intrahepatic involvement in children after extrahepatic cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy.

BACKGROUND: Type I and type IV-A choledochal cysts (CC) in Todani's classification are the most frequent types of CC. Unlike type I cyst, in which the dilatation is confined to the extrahepatic bile duct, type IV-A affects both extra and intrahepatic ducts. AIM: To review our experience of complete cyst excision with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for the treatment of type I and type IV-A CC in childhood, in order to better characterize these entities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data was collected retrospectively from a cohort of children who underwent cyst resection for CC from 1989 to 2011 in our institution. RESULTS: Twelve patients were submitted to surgical excision of extrahepatic cyst and hepaticojejunostomy for treatment of type I (n = 6) and type IV-A (n = 6) cysts, with a complication rate of 25% (n = 3) and no mortality. Long term follow-up was available in 92% of patients, with a median of 10 years (2-22 years). Morbidities consisted of bile leak (2 patients) and late-onset cholestasis (1 patient); two of these required anastomotic revision. The results did not reveal any significant differences between the groups regarding postoperative outcomes (P > 0.05). Preoperative intrahepatic dilatation was found to permanently vanish in 83% of patients diagnosed with type IV-A cyst after operative repair. CONCLUSIONS: Intrahepatic dilatation of type IV-A cyst in children did not adversely affect the postoperative outcome after conventional surgical repair. This operative approach was effective in the management of type I and type IV-A cysts.

Divertículo epifrénico / Epinephrine diverticulum

El divertículo epifrénico provocado por el aumento de la presión intraesofágica a causa de alteraciones motoras subyacentes es raro; representa cerca del 10 por ciento de todos los divertículos esofágicos. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 65 años de edad, que ingresó en el Servicio de Cirugía General con ictericia obstructiva por pancreatitis crónica. Se le realizó una triple derivación de Catell y durante la evolución posoperatoria comenzó a presentar vómitos que contenían alimentos sin digerir, fétidos, ingeridos con horas o días de antelación. Se le realizó una radiografía baritada de esófago, estómago y duodeno, con buen pase de contraste al duodeno, y se observó la presencia de un divertículo epifrénico de gran tamaño, responsable de los síntomas. Fue intervenida quirúrgicamente utilizando como vía de acceso una incisión media previa y vía transhiatal. Se practicó una vagotomía, diverticulectomía, miotomía esofágica extendida, procedimiento antirreflujo y yeyunostomía temporal para la alimentación precoz. La evolución fue favorable y la paciente está hoy asintomática(AU)

The epinephrine diverticulum due to the increase of intraesophageal pressure by underlying motor alterations is a rare entity; it accounts for around the 10% of all esophageal diverticula. This is the case of a female patient aged 65 admitted in the General Surgery Service presenting with obstructive jaundice by chronic pancreatitis. A triple Catell's bypass was carried out and during the postoperative course had vomiting containing non-digested fetid foods, ingested many hours or days ago. Barium radiography of esophagus, stomach and duodenum was obtained with a good contrast passage, verifying the presence of a very large epinephrine diverticulum causing the symptoms. She was operated on using as approach route a previous middle incision and trans-hiatal route. A vagotomy, diverticulectomy, extended esophageal myotomy, anti-reflux procedure and temporary jejunostomy for the early feeding. Course was favorable and patient remains asymptomatic(AU)

Liver transplantation: A new risk factor for intestinal intussusceptions.

BACKGROUND: Intestinal intussusception in adults is associated with chronic inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, abdominal tumors or previous abdominal surgery but most often of unknown origin. AIM: The aim of our study was to evaluate circumstances and identify risk factors for intussusceptions. METHODS: All 65,928 abdominal ultrasound examinations performed at our tertiary medical center between January 2001 and June 2008 were analyzed retrospectively for the diagnosis "intussusception". After identifying individuals with sonographically proven intussusception we analyzed various patients' characteristics including age, gender and underlying disease as well as sonographic findings such as localization of the intussusception, absence or presence of ascites and lymph nodes. RESULTS: We identified 32 cases of intussusceptions [mean age 45 years (range 18 to 88); 18 patients were male]. Twelve patients (38%) had a history of abdominal surgery including 8 patients who had undergone liver transplantation (2 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, 1 patient with cystic fibrosis, 1 patient with sarcoidosis, 1 patient with hepatocellular carcinoma and HCV infection, 1 patient with autoimmune hepatitis, 1 patient with Crigler-Najar-syndrome and one patient with echinococcus). A hepaticojejunostomy had been performed in 4 of the patients after liver transplantation. Liver transplanted patients were significantly overrepresented in the intussusceptions group compared with the overall cohort of patients undergoing abdominal ultrasound examination (25% vs. 8%, Chi-Square-test, p = 0.0023). CONCLUSION: In our retrospective study liver transplantation, in particular with hepaticojejunostomy, was identified as a new major risk factor for intestinal intussusceptions

Gastrojejunal anastomotic stricture after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: ambulatory management with the Savary-Gilliard dilator.

BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) is currently one of the most frequently performed procedures for the surgical treatment of morbid obesity. The success of this procedure's restrictive component requires a small gastrojejunostomy (GJ), which occasionally results in stenosis. The treatment of choice for this complication is balloon dilation. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of ambulatory management for stenosis of the GJ using endoscopically guided Savary-Gilliard dilators. METHODS: Between January 1998 and October 2003, 769 patients underwent RYGBP. The mean age of these patients was 38 +/- 12 years, and their mean body mass index (BMI) was 43 +/- 6 kg/m2. Of these 769 patients, 520 (68%) underwent open surgery and 249 (32%) underwent laparoscopic RYGBP. Patients suspected of GJ stenosis were referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Those who presented with stenosis were managed endoscopically with Savary-Gilliard dilators. RESULTS: Stenosis at the GJ was confirmed in 53 patients (6.9%). A total of 71 dilations were performed for these patients, resulting in a mean of 1.3 dilations per patient. One dilation was needed for 41 patients (75.5%), two dilations for 9 patients (16.9%), three dilations for 3 patients (5.7%), and four dilations 1 patient (1.9%). The patients subjected to open RYGBP required a mean of 1.57 dilations, and those who had laparoscopic RYGBP required mean of 1.08 dilations. The mean time for the first dilation was 51 +/- 28 days after surgery (range, 20-178 days). All the dilations were performed in ambulatory settings. One patient (1.9%) was admitted after GJ dilation for pain. He was discharged without symptoms after 2 days with no need for invasive procedures. CONCLUSIONS: The management and treatment of GJ stenosis after RYGBP can be effectively accomplished in ambulatory settings using endoscopically guided Savary-Gilliard dilators, with good and safe results.

An unusual cause of bilioenteric anastomotic dysfunction after iatrogenic bile duct injury.

Roux en Y hepatojejunostomy is the surgery of choice for bile duct repair. Anastomotical dysfunction after reconstruction has several etiopathologies. Besides technical factors, ischemia of the duct is responsible for late obstruction. Bile colonization with secondary stones and sludge can also be identified as a cause. An unusual cause of anastomotical dysfunction secondary to ascaris biliary infestation after biliary reconstruction is reported herein. The patient had intermittent cholangitis and eosinophilia. At operation, the worm was found obstructing the anastomosis.

[Changes in the gastric mucosa after iso- and anisoperistaltic gastrojejunostomy in rats]. / Alterações da mucosa gástrica na gastrojejunostomia isoperistáltica e anisoperistáltica em rato.

Gastrojejunostomies are frequently associated to postoperative manifestations, provoked by biliopancreatic reflux to the stomach. Not only the symptoms can be severe, but also regenerative and reactional transformations of the gastric epithelium, dysplastic alterations and perianastomotic ulcers may be formed. Changes of gastric mucosa and their relation to surgical iso and anisoperistaltic gastrojejunal anastomosis were carried out. Gastrojejunostomies non associated with gastrectomy were performed in two groups (n = 7) of Holtzman rats. In the 30th postoperative day, the stomach and the jejunum close to the anastomosis were removed for pathohistological study. The group with anisoperistaltic anastomosis had a greater extension of histological alterations compatible with the histological picture of reflux gastropathy than the isoperistaltic group (P < 0.05). Three anastomotic ulcers were identified in the anisoperistaltic group and only one in the isoperistaltic, but these results were not statistically significant. Among the gastric surgeries, the gastrojejunostomies are the ones which cause greater biliopancreatic reflux. This reflux may induce changes in the gastric mucosa close to the anastomosis and even lead to cancer. According to other papers, the amount of reflux to the stomach can be directly related to the histological alterations on its mucosa. In conclusion, the anisoperistaltic gastrojejunostomy causes more changes in the gastric mucosa than the isoperistaltic, in this experimental model.

Living with cerebral palsy and tube feeding: A population-based follow-up study.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of surgically placed feeding tubes on children with severe cerebral palsy (CP) and their families and to determine the survival of these children after initiation of tube feeding (TF). METHODS: Virtually all children from Nova Scotia who had gastrostomy or jejunostomy procedures between the years 1980 and 1998 and who had been diagnosed with CP were identified. Caretakers of those children who had TF initiated in the last 8 years were evaluated by using a semi-structured interview. Names of children who had not had recent follow-up visits were submitted to the provincial Vital Statistics office to determine whether they had died. Data from patients who were tube-fed between 1980 and 1989 were then used in combination with data from the more recent cases to create a survival curve. RESULTS: A total of 61 children were identified; 16 had died. Forty of 45 eligible families were interviewed; 90% were pleased with the effect of TF on their child and family life. Negative reports were associated with increased stress related to feeding. Survival rates after gastrostomy and/or jejunostomy were 83% after 2 years and 75% after 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: In children with severe CF, initiation of TF improved the quality of life for both the child and family in 90% despite frequent minor complications.

Alteraçöes da mucosa gástrica na gastrojejunostomia isoperistáltica e anisoperistáltica em rato / Alterations in the gastric mucosa after iso and anisoperistaltic gastrojejunostomy in rat

As gastrojejunostomias associam-se freqüentemente a manifestações pós-operatórias, em grande parte relacionadas ao refluxo de líquido biliopancreático para o estômago. Além dos sintomas, que podem ser intensos, encontram-se alterações degenerativas e reacionais do epitélio gástrico, displasias e formação de úlceras próximas à anastomose. Com o objetivo de se estudar as alterações da mucosa gástrica e a relação destas com o procedimento cirúrgico, procedeu-se à avaliação histológica da mucosa do estômago após a realização de anastomoses gastrojejunais isoperistálticas e anisoperistálticas. Foram confeccionadas gastrojejunostomias e fechamento duodenal não-associados à gastrectomia em dois grupos (n = 7) de ratos Holtzman. No trigésimo dia pós-operatório, retirou-se a peça cirúrgica composta pelo estômago e jejuno próximo à anastomose. No grupo com anastomose anisoperistáltica, houve maior área de alterações histológicas das glândulas gástricas da região da anastomose que no grupo isoperistáltico (P < 0,05). Foram encontradas três úlceras anastomáticas no grupo anisoperistáltico e somente uma no grupo isoperistáltico. Concluindo, a gastrojejunostomia anisoperistáltica não-associada à gastrectomia provoca mais alterações da mucosa gástrica e anastomáticas que a isoperistáltica, no modelo experimental utilizado.

Jejunostomy: techniques, indications, and complications.

Jejunostomy is a surgical procedure by which a tube is situated in the lumen of the proximal jejunum, primarily to administer nutrition. There are many techniques used for jejunostomy: longitudinal Witzel, transverse Witzel, open gastrojejunostomy, needle catheter technique, percutaneous endoscopy, and laparoscopy. The principal indication for a jejunostomy is as an additional procedure during major surgery of the upper digestive tract, where irrespective of the pathology or surgical procedures of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, liver, and biliary tracts, nutrition can be infused at the level of the jejunum. It is also used in laparotomy patients in whom a complicated postoperatory recovery is expected, those with a prolonged fasting period, those in a hypercatabolic state, or those who will subsequently need chemotherapy or radiotherapy. As a sole procedure it is advised for neurologic and congenital illnesses, in geriatric patients who pose difficult care demands, and for patients with tumors of the head and neck. The complications seen with jejunostomy can be mechanical, infectious, gastrointestinal, or metabolic. The rate of technical complications of the Witzel longitudinal technique is 2.1%, for the transverse Witzel up to 6.6%, for the Roux-en-Y 21%, for open gastrojejunostomy from 2%, and for the needle catheter technique from 1.5% with 0.14% mortality. The percutaneous endoscopic procedures have as much as a 12% complication rate; no figures exist for laparoscopy. The complications are moderate and severe: tube dislocation, obstruction or migration of the tube, cutaneous or intraabdominal abscesses, enterocutaneous fistulas, pneumatosis, occlusion, and intestinal ischemia. The infectious complications are aspiration pneumonia and contamination of the diet. The gastrointestinal complications are diarrhea 2.3% to 6.8%, abdominal distension, colic, constipation, nausea, and vomiting. The metabolic complications are hyperglycemia 29%, hypokalemia 50%, water and electrolyte imbalance, hypophosphatemia, and hypomagnesemia. These complications are secondary to inadequate selection of nutrition relative to the characteristics of the patient, to inadequate management of the mixture, and to deficient clinical care. The ideal jejunostomy technique depends on the material resources but more importantly on the experience of the surgeon. The benefits of jejunostomy justify the risks.

Indicaçöes e complicaçöes das derivaçöes biliodigestivas / Bilioenteric anastomosis: indications and complications

O objetivo do estudo é avaliar as indicaçöes mais frequentes das derivaçöes biliodigestivas e verificar quais säo os tipos mais realizados, seus resultados e complicaçöes. Revisou-se os registros dos pacientes submetidos a qualquer tipo de derivaçäo biliodigestiva realizado no serviço de cirurgia do aparelho digestivo do Hospital de Clíncias da Universidade Federal do Paraná, no período de 1 de janeiro de 1985 a 31 de dezembro de 1994. Vinte e cinco (31,6 por cento) homens e 54 (68,4 por cento) mulheres foram submetidos a derivaçäo biliodigestiva. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 54,8 anos. Dor abdominal mostrou ser o sintoma mais prevalente. O diagnóstico pré-operatório mais encontrado foi litíase da via biliar principal (49,4 por cento). A coledocoduodenostomia foi a cirurgia mais realizada. Vinte e cinco (69,6 por cento) pacientes tiveram um pós-operatório sem complicaçöes, e 24 (30,4 por cento) apresentaram algum tipo de complicaçäo. As derivaçöes biliodigestivas constituíram método eficaz de tratamento de diversas doenças e os resultados encontrados no serviço de cirurgia do aparelho digestivo do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, no que diz respeito às indicaçöes e complicaçöes, estäo em concordância com os da literatura

Laparoscopic jejunostomy with an 18-mm trocar.

We describe our technique to perform laparoscopic jejunostomies with an 18-mm trocar. This procedure facilitates the exteriorization of the proximal bowel and construction of the jejunostomy. We describe our laparoscopic technique in nine patients with severe neurologic conditions (two in the postoperative period of a cerebral aneurysm in a coma, three patients with severe head injury, and four patients with cerebrovascular strokes). The operative time ranged from 20 to 75 min (average, 44.38 min). Nutrition was initiated 24 h after the placement of the jejunostomy. Tolerance of the enteral nutrition was excellent in all cases. One major complication occurred, minor leakage around the feeding tube 3 weeks after the jejunostomy was constructed. The jejunostomy was removed without further consequences. Laparoscopy is an effective technique for the creation of feeding jejunostomies. We believe that this minimally invasive approach is an alternative for patients requiring long-term postpyloric enteral feeding.

[Surgical jejunostomy as a route for enteral nutrition]. / Yeyunostomía quirúrgica como vía de nutrición enteral.

Ostomies are the nutritional route of choice when artificial nutrition could be necessary during more than thirty days. The surgical jejunostomy (SJ) is especially indicated in the patient undergoing major surgery of the digestive tract and the complications thereof. The present retrospective revision includes 57 cases of SJ followed during more than five days. The patients needed surgical treatment in nearly 80%. For the SJ the Witzel technique was used, with 18 Fr or more catheters. The mixes used were polymeric, in a closed circuit. The patients were a mean 60 +/- 13 years of age and 68.4% were male. They presented a medium level of undernourishment, with a 13% weight loss and a mean albumin level of 30.6 +/- 6.8 g/1000 cc. The Index of Nutritional Risk on average was 71.7 (normal 100). Complications appeared in 9/57 cases (15.7%), with the jejunostomy beginning to be used on average 2.3 +/- 2.4 days after surgery. Some form of support previous to the SJ was necessary in 31/57 patients, and 37/57 had another nutritional route in addition to the jejunostomy during an average of 8.9 +/- 11.1 days. In 49/57 patients (85.9%), 75% of the estimated calories were obtained in an average of 6.4 +/- 4.0 days, and in 42/57 patients (73.6%), 100% of the calories were obtained in an average of 8.6 +/- 3.0 days. Intolerance to the artificial nutrition occurred in 29/57 cases (50.8%), with diarrhoea being the most frequent in 16/57 (28.0%). The jejunostomy lasted for a mean of 28.4 +/- 43.0 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)