The role of HPV in keratinocyte skin cancer development: A systematic review.

Keratinocyte skin cancers are the most frequent malignancy, accounting for approximately 30% of all cancers. Although beta genus HPV are the main etiologic agents for squamous cell carcinoma development in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis and organ transplant recipients, their role in non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) progression in the general population remains controversial. The aim of our review is to summarize current scientific data and to systematically analyse evidence regarding the role of HPV in keratinocyte skin cancers. A total of 2284 patients were included, of which 724 with actinic keratoses, 290 with Bowen's disease, 949 with cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and 321 with keratoacanthomas. In the case of actinic keratoses, the majority were positive for beta (n = 372, 58.49%) and gamma HPV (n = 256, 40.25%) and only a few (n = 6, 0.94%) were positive for alpha subtypes. Similarly, most of the cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas were positive for beta (n = 248, 55.98%) and gamma HPV (n = 172, 33.82%) and 23 cases (2.42%) were positive for alpha subtypes. Bowen's disease lesions were mostly positive for beta (n = 43, 55.84%) and alpha HPV (n = 30, 38.96%), in contrast to the gamma genus (n = 4, 5.19%). Keratoacanthomas showed a high distribution among beta genus (n = 79, 50.31%) and an equal proportion between alpha (n = 39, 24.84%) and gamma (n = 39, 24.84%) genera. Studies published so far identifying HPV in keratinocyte skin cancers reflect the difference in detection methods rather than a type-specific tendency towards either actinic keratoses, Bowen's disease, squamous cell carcinoma or keratoacanthoma. On the other hand, recent evidence regarding the role of HPV vaccination in patients with non-melanoma skin cancer brings into perspective the idea of a beta-HPV vaccine or a combined alpha and beta-HPV vaccine that could be used as an adjuvant treatment measure in patients with recalcitrant non-melanoma skin cancer.

No Association between Merkel Cell Polymavirus Infection and Keratoacanthoma in Korean Patients

Objectives: Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a relatively common benign tumor and resembles squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The definitive cause of KA remains unclear, but trauma, ultraviolet light, chemical carcinogens, human papillomavirus, genetic factors, and immunocompromised status have been implicated as etiologic or triggering factors. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is suspected to cause the majority of cases of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). MCPyV-DNA was found significantly more frequently in MCC and only found in about one fourth of KAs. In a recent study, MCPyV was found in Korean patients with MCC. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of MCPyV in Korean patients with KA. Methods: Paraffin-embedded tissue samples were analyzed for the presence of MCPyV-DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 105 KA samples were analyzed. Results: A study of MCPyV has not been reported about KA in Korean cases. In the present study the MCPyV was not detected with KA in the Korean patients. Conclusions: This supports that KA and MCPyV are not related to each other and MCVyP is not a major factor in the pathogenesis of KA.

Generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma with vitiligo followed by the development of prurigo nodularis: A case report and published work review.

Herein, we report a unique case of generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma (GEKA) in a 47-year-old Chinese man presenting with extensive pruritic papules and nodules accompanied by oral lesions. He also had a 2-year history of vitiligo and long-term experience of working outdoors. Biopsies were consistent with keratoacanthoma . Interestingly, prurigo nodularis (PN) was found in histopathology at 1-year follow up. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a case of GEKA with oral lesions complicated with vitiligo and developed with PN.

Queratoacantoma en un paciente seropositivo al VIH / Keratoacanthoma in HIV seropositive patient

Introducción: el queratoacantoma es un tumor benigno, crateriforme, de crecimiento muy rápido, con aspecto de neoplasia maligna. Se caracteriza por su forma nodular y la presencia de un tapón córneo central, así como una hiperplasia seudoepiteliomatosa que algunos autores han atribuido a un origen viral. Habitualmente aparece en las zonas expuestas a la luz solar, en personas de edad adulta o avanzada, con un crecimiento muy rápido a partir de una pápula redondeada que se imbrica en el centro. En cuanto a su regresión espontánea, actualmente se tiene evidencia de que es mediada inmunológicamente por linfocitos activados T CD4–IL 2R; las moléculas de adhesión juegan un papel importante en la respuesta inmune.Presentación del caso: paciente masculino de 29 años, homosexual, seropositivo al VIH; fue remitido al especialista en Dermatología de su área de salud con un cuadro cutáneo localizado, compatible con un queratoacantoma gigante que, luego de comenzar con la terapia antirretroviral y con el factor de transferencia (Hebertrans®), involucionó en tres meses.Discusión: los queratoacantomas pueden ser solitarios o múltiples. No se ha documentado predilección por algún sexo, aunque algunos estudios indican que es más frecuente en el masculino, con una relación 2:1. Existen múltiples opciones terapéuticas pero, a pesar de los adelantos científicos, la cirugía sigue siendo el tratamiento de elección, al igual que en los casos de carcinomas basales y epidermoides(AU)

Introduction: the keratoacanthoma is a benign tumor, crateriform, of a very rapid growth, with appearance of neoplasms. Its characterized by its nodular form and the presence of a central corneal cap, as well as pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia which some authors have attributed to a viral origin. Usually occurs in areas exposed to sunlight in elderly adult or advanced age people, with a rapid growth from a rounded papule that overlay in the center. Regarding spontaneous regression, currently there is evidence that is immunologically mediated by activated lymphocytes T CD4–IL 2R; adhesion molecules play an important role in the immune response.Case report: a 29 years old male patient, homosexual, HIV positive; was referred to the Dermatology specialist in his health area with a localized skin condition compatible with a giant keratoacanthoma that after starting antiretroviral therapy and a treatment with transfer factor (Hebertrans®), he regressed in three months.Discussion: keratoacanthomas may be solitary or multiple. It has not been documented predilection for some sex, although some studies indicate that it is more common in males, with a ratio of 2:1. There are many therapeutic options but, despite scientific advances, surgery remains the treatment of choice, as in the cases of basal and squamous cell carcinomas(AU)

Cutaneous CD30 positive lymphoproliferative disorders with coexistent epithelial neoplasms: Report of two cases.

Primary cutaneous large cell anaplastic lymphoma (C-ALCL) and lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) are cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders (CD30+ LPD). An association with CD30+ LPD and pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia has been recognized. Additionally, rare reports of epithelial neoplasms such as keratoacanthomas and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) occurring in association with both C-ALCL and LyP have been reported. We report two cases of CD30+ LPD with associated epithelial neoplasms; one patient with a primary cutaneous CD30+ LPD and SCC identified within the same lesion, and the other with a keratoacanthoma arising in a lesion of LyP. The pathogenesis of this association is poorly understood although various hypotheses exist. Awareness of the coexistence of these entities will avoid misdiagnosis and incorrect treatment.

Tumoraciones cutáneas vasculares eruptivas en un varón de 45 años de edad / Skin eruptive vascular tumors in a 45 years old man

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Ulcerated upper lip tumour: diagnostic procedure.

A Mediterranean Spanish woman, aged 56 years and in good health, presented with a nodule above her upper lip, which had rapidly evolved to central ulceration with crusting. As part of the work-up, samples were taken for microbiological and histopathological investigation. At the follow-up appointment the lesion had almost disappeared and a small fibrotic area of scarring remained. The diagnostic procedure to distinguish between localised cutaneous leishmaniasis and keratoacanthoma, both characterised by rapidly growing nodules on the face, is presented in this case-based article.

Recurrent facial keratoacanthoma in a patient with diabetes: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Keratoacanthoma is a relatively common low-grade malignancy that originates in the pilosebaceous glands. Pathologically, it closely resembles squamous cell carcinoma. Keratoacanthoma is believed to have a good prognosis; however, it has been reclassified as squamous cell carcinoma, keratoacanthoma type, to reflect the difficulty in histologic differentiation of this lesion as well as its uncommon but potentially aggressive nature. Keratoacanthoma infrequently presents as multiple tumors and may enlarge (5-15 cm), become locally aggressive, and rarely metastasize. CASE PRESENTATION: A 66-year-old Arab male patient with diabetes was referred to the Maxillofacial Surgery Department with a chief complaint of a dome-shaped nodule with a smooth, shiny surface and central crateriform ulceration with a keratin plug in the form of a horn-like projection. Skin papules were present in the right lateral canthal area and extended to the lateral border of the lower eyelid, measuring 1.3 cm. On palpation, the lesion was firm, movable, and tender. The patient had a history of a similar lesion in another area of his face that had spontaneously regressed. CONCLUSION: Histological differentiation between keratoacanthoma and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma is difficult, particularly when a secondary infection is present. Careful establishment of the correlation among the history, clinical findings, and histopathology is highly indicated to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention.

Cases with a spontaneous regression of an infiltrating non-crateriform keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma with a keratoacanthoma-like component.

We herein report the natural course of an early/proliferative stage keratoacanthoma (KA) with infiltrating islands of cytological malignancy (case 1) and a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with a KA-like component (case 2), which were observed until their complete regression. The presented case 1 suggests that one of the histopathological forms of KA includes this unusual, infiltrating, non-crateriform architecture, and also indicates the possibility of complete remission in the KA associated with infiltrating islands of cytological malignancy. In the presented case 2, the peripherally-associated KA-like focus was histopathologically considered to be either a remnant of KA focus or verrucous keratosis (hyperplasia). Therefore, the complete spontaneous regression of case 2 suggests that SCC arising in KA still has the potential of spontaneous regression, or that an extremely rare event, namely, the spontaneous regression of (traditional) SCC occurred in the present case.