RESUMEN
Recent epidemiological studies have discovered that a lot of cases of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection are frequently accompanied by porcine kobuvirus (PKV) infection, suggesting a potential relationship between the two viruses in the development of diarrhea. To investigate the impact of PKV on PEDV pathogenicity and the number of intestinal lymphocytes, piglets were infected with PKV or PEDV or co-infected with both viruses. Our findings demonstrate that co-infected piglets exhibit more severe symptoms, acute gastroenteritis, and higher PEDV replication compared to those infected with PEDV alone. Notably, PKV alone does not cause significant intestinal damage but enhances PEDV's pathogenicity and alters the number of intestinal lymphocytes. These results underscore the complexity of viral interactions in swine diseases and highlight the need for comprehensive diagnostic and treatment strategies addressing co-infections.
Asunto(s)
Coinfección , Infecciones por Coronavirus , Intestinos , Kobuvirus , Linfocitos , Virus de la Diarrea Epidémica Porcina , Enfermedades de los Porcinos , Animales , Virus de la Diarrea Epidémica Porcina/patogenicidad , Virus de la Diarrea Epidémica Porcina/fisiología , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virología , Coinfección/virología , Coinfección/veterinaria , Infecciones por Coronavirus/veterinaria , Infecciones por Coronavirus/virología , Linfocitos/virología , Kobuvirus/patogenicidad , Kobuvirus/genética , Intestinos/virología , Diarrea/virología , Diarrea/veterinaria , Replicación Viral , Gastroenteritis/virología , Gastroenteritis/veterinaria , Infecciones por Picornaviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Picornaviridae/virologíaRESUMEN
The morphological and physiological characteristics of Bacillus thuringiensis strains were analyzed and conditions for obtaining culture fluid with maximum yield of secreted RNases were determined. Zymographic analysis showed that culture fluid of B. thuringiensis strains along with low-molecular-weight (15-20 kDa) RNases contained enzymes with a molecular weight ~55 kDa and their content depended on the duration and conditions of culturing. Preparations based on B. thuringiensis culture fluid were effective against human influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2). In experiments on mice infected with 10 LD50 influenza virus strain A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2), we selected effective variants of preparations based on culture fluid of B. thuringiensi strains for preventive administration that provided reliable protection of infected animals (protection coefficient 50%), close to that of the reference drug Tamiflu.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/farmacología , Bacillus thuringiensis/efectos de los fármacos , Bacillus thuringiensis/virología , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/patogenicidad , Virus de la Influenza A/patogenicidad , Kobuvirus/patogenicidad , Oseltamivir/farmacología , Humanos , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/efectos de los fármacos , Virus de la Influenza A/efectos de los fármacos , Gripe Humana/microbiología , Kobuvirus/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Picornaviruses infect a wide range of mammals including livestock such as cattle and swine. As with other picornavirus genera such as Aphthovirus, there is emerging evidence of a significant economic impact of livestock infections caused by members of the genera Enterovirus and Kobuvirus. While the human-infecting enteroviruses and kobuviruses have been intensively studied during the past decades in great detail, research on livestock-infecting viruses has been mostly limited to the genomic characterization of the viral strains identified worldwide. Here, we extend our previous studies of the structure and function of the complexes composed of the non-structural 3A proteins of human-infecting enteroviruses and kobuviruses and the host ACBD3 protein and present a structural and functional characterization of the complexes of the following livestock-infecting picornaviruses: bovine enteroviruses EV-E and EV-F, porcine enterovirus EV-G, and porcine kobuvirus AiV-C. We present a series of crystal structures of these complexes and demonstrate the role of these complexes in facilitation of viral replication.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismo , Infecciones por Enterovirus/metabolismo , Enterovirus Bovino/patogenicidad , Enterovirus Porcinos/patogenicidad , Kobuvirus/patogenicidad , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Infecciones por Picornaviridae/metabolismo , Animales , Bovinos , Línea Celular , Infecciones por Enterovirus/veterinaria , Infecciones por Enterovirus/virología , Enterovirus Porcinos/genética , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Kobuvirus/genética , Infecciones por Picornaviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Picornaviridae/virología , Porcinos , Proteínas Virales/genética , Proteínas Virales/metabolismo , Replicación Viral/genéticaRESUMEN
Viral infections affecting cattle lead to economic losses to the livestock industry worldwide, but little is known about the circulation, pathogenicity and genetic diversity of enteric bovine astrovirus (BoAstV) in America. The aim of this work was to describe the prevalence and genetic diversity of enteric BoAstV in dairy cattle in Uruguay. A total of 457 fecal and 43 intestinal contents from dairy calves were collected between July 2015 and May 2017 and tested by RT-PCR, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the polymerase and capsid regions. Twenty-six percent (128/500) of the samples were positive. Three different species within the Mamastrovirus genus were identified, including Mamastrovirus 28, Mamastrovirus 33 (3 samples each) and an unclassified Mamastrovirus species (19 samples). The unclassified species was characterized as a novel Mamastrovirus species. BoAstV circulates in Uruguayan dairy cattle with a high genetic diversity. The eventual clinicopathological significance of enteric BoAstV infection in cattle needs further investigation.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/virología , Variación Genética , Kobuvirus/clasificación , Mamastrovirus/clasificación , Infecciones por Picornaviridae/veterinaria , Animales , Bovinos , Industria Lechera , Heces/virología , Kobuvirus/patogenicidad , Mamastrovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Filogenia , Infecciones por Picornaviridae/epidemiología , Uruguay/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
We assessed Aichi virus shedding in patients with gastroenteritis and negative test results for other viral and bacterial infections. High concentrations of up to 1.32 × 1012 RNA copies/g stool were found in 10 (2.0%) of 499 outpatients sampled in northern Germany, 2004. These data substantiate Aichi virus pathogenicity in humans.