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1.
Med. infant ; 28(2): 105-109, Julio - Diciembre 2021. ilus
Artículo en Español | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1355205

RESUMEN

Desde el inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19, el Laboratorio de Virología del Hospital Garrahan, implementó el diagnóstico molecular de SARS-CoV-2 mediante RT-PCR para dar respuesta rápida y de calidad a la creciente demanda. Al diagnóstico pediátrico se sumó el diagnóstico de los padres / acompañantes y personal de salud con criterio de caso sospechoso. Al inicio del 2021 se incorporó el test rápido de detección de antígeno para pacientes sintomáticos. Hasta junio de 2021 se procesó un total de 58 000 muestras para estudios moleculares. (AU)


Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Virology Laboratory of Garrahan Hospital has implemented molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR in order to provide a rapid and high-quality response to the growing demand. In addition to the pediatric diagnosis, the diagnosis of parents/companions and healthcare personnel meeting the criteria of a suspected case was also added. At the beginning of 2021, the rapid antigen detection test for symptomatic patients was incorporated. Until June 2021, a total of 58,000 samples were analyzed by molecular studies. (AU)


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Laboratorios de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular , Prueba de Ácido Nucleico para COVID-19 , Prueba Serológica para COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2/aislamiento & purificación , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Pandemias
2.
Rev Panam Salud Publica ; 39(3): 142-148, 2016 Mar.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27754526

RESUMEN

Objective Determine the status of analytical laboratories that quantify immunosuppressants in transplant patients who are under therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for these drugs in Argentina in order to identify potential perfectible areas for action. Methods A survey of the clinical and analytical TDM centers in Argentina was conducted between September 2013 and November 2014 under the direction of the Garrahan Hospital Clinical Pharmacokinetics Unit and the National Unified Central Institute for Ablation and Implant Coordination. Results A nationally representative sample of 27 clinical and analytical centers was identified, of which 45% were public hospitals. Most of these centers (95%) monitor ciclosporin and tacrolimus, and to a lesser extent, sirolimus and everolimus; a small number of them also monitor mycophenolic acid. The median number of samples of these five drugs analyzed per month was 251 (range: 10-2024). Nearly 60% of the samples were analyzed in private institutions. Only four of the respondents (17%) reported values within the therapeutic margin. Of all the centers, 92% use immunoassay as the analytical methodology. Of the bioanalytical installations that have their own facilities, 68% reported that they also have their own quality assurance program. Conclusions TDM of immunosuppressants is a recommended practice for transplant patients in Argentina. Initiatives need to be taken at the national level to develop uniform guidelines for analytical laboratories that include TDM-related quality assurance processes with regulatory force. There is also a need to train technical and professional personnel and to invite the participation of public and private organizations in the regulatory, public health, and research areas.


Asunto(s)
Monitoreo de Drogas , Inmunosupresores/sangre , Laboratorios de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Receptores de Trasplantes , Argentina , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/prevención & control , Encuestas de Atención de la Salud , Hospitales Privados , Hospitales Públicos , Hospitales Universitarios , Humanos , Inmunoensayo , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Laboratorios de Hospital/legislación & jurisprudencia , Laboratorios de Hospital/normas , Garantía de la Calidad de Atención de Salud/organización & administración , Garantía de la Calidad de Atención de Salud/normas , Recursos Humanos
3.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 53(2): 206-13, 2015.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25760750

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Health care workers are experiencing increasing numbers of occupational illnesses. Safety practices in anatomical pathology laboratories (APL) are crucial to prevent unnecessary exposures to both chemical and biological agents. METHODS: The main goal of this study was to determine if pathologists perceptions and actual practice mirror regulatory guidelines. Current available recommendations for APL were reviewed and used to construct an online survey distributed to pathologists. The survey was completed by 121 participants. RESULTS: Eighty-seven (72 %) of respondents reported receiving inadequate safety training. Most pathologists (82 %) were not well-informed about biosafety practices. Sixty-three (52 %) participants felt that the risks of chemical and infectious disease exposures in the APL were low. Most respondents reported having a needle stick or cut (71 %). Eighty-six (71 %) of participants reported musculo skeletal problems. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that there is a need for improving training in anatomical pathology safety practices in Mexican laboratories as daily practices do not reflected current guidelines.


Introducción: Los trabajadores de la salud pueden padecer de numerosas enfermedades relacionadas con su ocupación. Las prácticas de seguridad (PS) en los laboratorios de anatomía patológica (LAP) son indispensables para prevenir las exposiciones innecesarias a los agentes químicos o biológicos en dicha área de trabajo. El objetivo fue evaluar el nivel de conocimientos de los patólogos con respecto a las PS. Se revisaron las regulaciones y recomendaciones actuales para las PS en los LAP y con esa información se elaboró un cuestionario que se envió por Internet a los participantes. Métodos: La evaluación fue realizada por 121 patólogos, de los cuales 87 (71 %) reportaron un entrenamiento inadecuado en PS. La mayoría de los encuestados (82 %) no tenían una idea clara del significado de las medidas o prácticas de seguridad en el LAP. Resultados: Un total de 63 (52 %) de los participantes consideraron que el riesgo de enfermedades secundarias a la exposición a sustancias químicas peligrosas y agentes biológicos era bajo. De los participantes (71 %) reportaron algún accidente con un agente punzocortante o cortante. De 86 encuestados (71 %) reportaron problemas musculoesqueléticos. Conclusión: En este estudio se manifestó que existe una necesidad de implementar programas de capacitación en prácticas de seguridad en los laboratorios de anatomía patológica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.


Asunto(s)
Actitud del Personal de Salud , Laboratorios de Hospital , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Exposición Profesional/prevención & control , Salud Laboral , Patología Clínica , Competencia Clínica , Humanos , Laboratorios de Hospital/normas , Laboratorios de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , México , Salud Laboral/educación , Salud Laboral/normas , Salud Laboral/estadística & datos numéricos , Patología Clínica/normas , Patología Clínica/estadística & datos numéricos , Riesgo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
4.
Rev. Col. Méd. Cir. Guatem ; 7(1): 5-15, jul. 2014.
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: biblio-835539

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de los organos afectados por cáncer diagnosticados en el Departamento de Patología Dr. Carlos Martínez Durán del Hospital General San Juan de Dios, Laboratorio de Patología Dr. Víctor Argueta, Laboratorio de Patología Dr. Roberto Orozco y Laboratorio de Patología y Citología Dr. Miguel Garcés y Dra. Helen Morales, ubicados en la ciudad de Guatemala, años 2,006-2,010. Metodología: La investigación está regida por un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, no experimental, retrospectivo, realizado en tres laboratorios privados de patología...


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Laboratorios de Hospital/clasificación , Laboratorios de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Neoplasias/patología
5.
Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) ; 12(4): 658-68, 2010 Aug.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21340130

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Evaluating how clinical laboratories' quality was being managed according to the view of external users, thereby determining the dimensions of quality related to their satisfaction and sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: The study was descriptive; the sample consisted of 1,875 outpatients attending the laboratories of type 3 and 4 care level public hospitals located in the metropolitan area of Zulia State in Venezuela between October and December 2008. A previously validated survey was applied. Frequency allocation, multivariate analysis and variance analysis were used for analysing data. RESULTS: The results showed that the most users were female (72.7 %), of local origin (87.9 %), aged between 15 and 45 (65.7 %) and had received primary and secondary education (70.5 %). Multivariate analysis showed that quality management could be evaluated in terms of accessibility, tangible elements, response ability, safety and professional competence. There were highly significant differences (p<0.001) between educational level and age when evaluating management quality. Weaknesses were revealed concerning time spent waiting in reception, waiting room comfort and safety measures used by technical staff. CONCLUSIONS: The results should lead to establishing action aimed at evaluating the degree of improvement in service and proposed targets for improving the quality of attention; such measures will form part of a quality assurance programme in accordance with international standards.


Asunto(s)
Comportamiento del Consumidor/estadística & datos numéricos , Hospitales Públicos/normas , Laboratorios de Hospital/normas , Pacientes Ambulatorios/psicología , Garantía de la Calidad de Atención de Salud , Mejoramiento de la Calidad , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Recolección de Datos , Escolaridad , Femenino , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Hospitales Públicos/estadística & datos numéricos , Hospitales Urbanos/normas , Hospitales Urbanos/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Laboratorios de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Administración de la Seguridad , Muestreo , Venezuela , Adulto Joven
6.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth ; 8: 8, 2008 Feb 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18307810

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The haematological profile of the pregnant woman has an impact on the outcome of the pregnancy. Published guidelines indicate acceptable levels for haematological indices in pregnancy but they are population specific. Indicators of haemoglobin concentration are the most commonly utilized of the indices. These published international norms are used across populations, however, there is no evidence confirming their applicability to a population such as the Jamaican pregnant woman. This study was therefore undertaken with the intent of documenting the haematological profile of pregnant primigravid Jamaican women and comparing these to the established norms to determine whether the norms apply or whether there was a need to establish local norms. METHODS: This was a longitudinal study done on a cohort of 157 healthy primigravid women ages 15 to 25 and without anaemia, and who were recruited from the antenatal clinic of the University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. The haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, red blood cell count and platelet count were measured on samples of blood obtained from each consenting participant during each of the three trimesters. The results were analysed using SPSS for windows (Version 11) and the data expressed as means +/- S.D. Means were compared using the student's paired t-test. Comparison was then made with the international norms as recommended by the United States Center for Disease Control (1989). Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the University Hospital of the West Indies/University of the West Indies Ethics Committee. RESULTS: The results showed changes by trimester in all measured variables. For most of the indices the changes achieved levels of significance across trimesters. These changes were however in keeping with the expected physiological response in pregnancy and the values were similar to the published international norms. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the international norms for haematological indices in pregnancy are applicable across populations and to the pregnant Jamaican primigravid woman. This finding may be reassuring to others with a similar population and stage of development as Jamaica.


Asunto(s)
Pruebas Hematológicas/normas , Bienestar Materno/estadística & datos numéricos , Trimestres del Embarazo/sangre , Atención Prenatal/normas , Garantía de la Calidad de Atención de Salud/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Anemia/prevención & control , Estudios Transversales , Recuento de Eritrocitos , Femenino , Hematócrito , Pruebas Hematológicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Jamaica , Laboratorios de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Recuento de Leucocitos , Estudios Longitudinales , Embarazo , Complicaciones Hematológicas del Embarazo/prevención & control , Trimestres del Embarazo/fisiología , Atención Prenatal/estadística & datos numéricos , Garantía de la Calidad de Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Valores de Referencia
7.
Rev Cubana Med Trop ; 58(3): 194-9, 2006.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23424786

RESUMEN

This study was aimed at evaluating the diag-nosis of tuberculosis in Provincial Hygiene and Epidemiological Centers of the country including special municipality Isle of Youth. The quality control was performed on 4 382 sputum smears from January to December 2004 following the Manual of procedures of the National Tuberculosis Control program. Good quality in Ziehl Neelsen extension and staining was seen in 4003 smears (91.35%). The overall agreement coefficient between the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory and the rest of the provincial laboratories was 99.79%. Sensitivity and specificity figures were over 99%. These results showed the quality of sputum smears microscopy diagnosis at provincial laboratories and the need of carrying out permanent supervision, monitoring and re-training of staff in acid-fast bacilli test in order to lay down the foundations for the introduction of blind rechecking methods and panel of sputum smears, aimed at improving the tuberculosis diagnosis quality in Cuba.


Asunto(s)
Ensayos de Aptitud de Laboratorios , Microscopía/normas , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Esputo/microbiología , Tuberculosis/diagnóstico , Alcoholes , Colorantes , Cuba/epidemiología , Dermatitis por Contacto , Reacciones Falso Negativas , Reacciones Falso Positivas , Humanos , Laboratorios de Hospital/normas , Laboratorios de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Azul de Metileno , Microscopía/métodos , Colorantes de Rosanilina , Coloración y Etiquetado/métodos , Coloración y Etiquetado/normas , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Tuberculosis/microbiología
8.
Endocr Pract ; 11(6): 376-81, 2005.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16718949

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the quality of diabetes care in a large managed care system and fee-for-service payment system in Puerto Rico. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study assessed the adherence to standards of diabetes care in 1,687,202 subjects--226,210 from a fee-for-service population and 1,460,992 from a managed care group. Patients with diabetes mellitus were identified from insurance claims reports. Type of health-care provider, service location, number of visits, and laboratory utilization were also assessed. RESULTS: From the analysis, we identified 90,616 patients with diabetes (5.4% of the overall study group). Of these, 66,587 (73.5%) were found to have at least one encounter with a physician in a medical visit. Of the 66,586 patients with diabetes who visited a physician, only 4% were treated by an endocrinologist. General laboratory utilization was 34% for the entire population of patients with diabetes studied. In the group of patients with documented laboratory tests, 93% had a documented fasting blood glucose test; in contrast, hemoglobin A lc testing was performed in only 9% of the patients. The fee-for-service group had a higher rate of visits to medical specialists and general laboratory utilization, whereas the managed care group had a higher rate of hospital admissions and emergency department visits. CONCLUSION: The quality of diabetes management and the subsequent outcomes are related to patient and health-care provider adherence to standards of care. In this analysis, we found that patients and physicians are responsible for low compliance with recognized standards of diabetes care in Puerto Rico. The lack of adequate management will lead to increased mortality, development and severity of chronic complications, and increased emergency department utilization. Therefore, health-care providers and payers should find ways to achieve more effective promotion of adherence to accepted standards of care for patients with diabetes.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Planes de Aranceles por Servicios/normas , Programas Controlados de Atención en Salud , Calidad de la Atención de Salud , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Adhesión a Directriz/estadística & datos numéricos , Personal de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Hospitales/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Laboratorios de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Médicos de Familia/estadística & datos numéricos , Puerto Rico , Estudios Retrospectivos
9.
Biomedica ; 24(3): 318-23, 2004 Sep.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15551884

RESUMEN

The improvement of microbiological information processing in clinical laboratories depends on retention of information concerning who, what, when, how, and why each process was performed, the implementation of quality control procedures, and finally, its evaluation. The four objectives to be addressed are as follows: (1) to improve the collection of information concerned with microbiological processes, (2) to evaluate results of implemented strategies, (3) to offer a model data base to be used in research projects, and (4) to propose an evaluation model for comparative studies. To do this, microbiological cultures were collected from hospitalized patients from June 1997 to June 2003. Data for the analytical matrix were obtained from lab requests, medical history and the microbiological data. Statistical analyses were performed in Epi-Info 6. The laboratory records for 46,072 microbiological cultures were analyzed. Completion levels in data collection were compared between years 1997 and 2003. Samples from 1997 and 2003 showed 11% and 99% of the request forms specifically requesting microbiological culture, 11% and 99% were completed in 1997 and 2003, respectively. For the same years, 9% and 85% specifically stated the time of the request. Ten percent and 68%, respectively, provided complete information. Zero and 83% respectively stated who had collected the sample. Zero and 77%, respectively, specified the time of sample collection. Forms containing all relevent microbiological data were most complete with 78% and 96%, respectively. A database with 44 variables related to microbiological processes was created. In conclusion, improvement of microbiological data processing depends not only on the method of collection and completion of recorded information, but also on constant quality control and evaluation.


Asunto(s)
Sistemas de Información en Laboratorio Clínico , Laboratorios de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Técnicas Microbiológicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Registros de Hospitales/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Técnicas Microbiológicas/métodos , Estudios Prospectivos , Control de Calidad
10.
Rev Argent Microbiol ; 36(1): 24-7, 2004.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15174746

RESUMEN

Bact-Alert automatized system for blood cultures: 5 vs 7 days of incubation. First Argentine multicentre study. Between January and December 2001, we analyzed 80,141 blood cultures by the Bact-Alert system (14,960 FAN aerobics, 3,855 FAN anaerobic, 11,114 standards aerobics, 11,367 standards anaerobic, 12,054 pediatrics and 26,791 FAN pediatrics bottles) and 44.235 series from 27.615 patients at eight hospitals of Buenos Aires city, one of La Plata city and three of the Buenos Aires province. A total of 13,657 blood cultures yielded a positive result. Only 181 of them had been detected as positive between the 5th and 7th day of incubation and only 26 (0.19%) had clinical significance (Staphylococcus aureus 3; coagulase negative staphylococci 2; Enterococcus faecalis 1; Streptococcus pneumoniae 2; Campylobacter spp 1; Escherichia coli 1; Enterobacter cloacae 1; Enterobacteraerogenes 1; Citrobacter freundii 1; Klebsiella pneumoniae 1; Proteus mirabilis 1; Serratia marcescens 4; yeasts 7, including one strain of Cryptococcus neoformans). Of the total of contaminants, 38% were isolated by the anaerobic standard (65% were Propionibacterium spp and 29% coagulase negative staphylococci), 31.2% by the FAN aerobic (33.3% difphteroids and 28.9% Bacillus spp), 11.8% by the pediatric, 9% by FAN pediatric, 8.33% by aerobic standard and 1.4% by FAN anaerobic bottle. Our results show that the prolonged incubation of blood cultures for more than 5 days using the Bact-Alert system is unnecessary.


Asunto(s)
Bacteriemia/microbiología , Bacterias Aerobias/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias Anaerobias/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Sangre/microbiología , Argentina/epidemiología , Automatización , Bacteriemia/epidemiología , Bacterias Aerobias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bacterias Anaerobias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Humanos , Laboratorios de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Tiempo
11.
Itauguá; s.n; rev; nov.2001. 38 p. tab, graf.
Tesis en Español, Inglés | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-1018254

RESUMEN

Estúdiase la frecuencia de utilización del Laboratorio por pacientes internados en UCIA. Se basa en datos obtenidos de una investigación...


Asunto(s)
Laboratorios de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Laboratorios de Hospital , Servicios Técnicos en Hospital
12.
Clin Infect Dis ; 33(5): 589-96, 2001 Sep 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11477527

RESUMEN

From November 1996 through March 1997, presumptive active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was detected in 44 health care workers (HCWs) at a university hospital in Lima, Peru. To further assess the magnitude of the outbreak and determine risk factors for occupational Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission, we identified HCWs in whom active pulmonary TB was diagnosed from January 1994 through January 1998, calculated rates by year and hospital work area, and conducted a tuberculin skin test (TST) survey. Thirty-six HCWs had confirmed active pulmonary TB. The rate of TB was significantly higher among the 171 HCWs employed in the laboratory than among HCWs employed in all other areas. In multivariate analysis, the only independent risk factor for HCW M. tuberculosis infection in HWCs employed in the laboratory was the use of common staff areas. Very high rates of active pulmonary TB were detected among HCWs at this hospital, and occupational acquisition in the laboratory was associated with HCW-to-HCW transmission.


Asunto(s)
Personal de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa de Paciente a Profesional/estadística & datos numéricos , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/epidemiología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/transmisión , Adulto , Femenino , Hospitales Universitarios/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa de Paciente a Profesional/prevención & control , Laboratorios de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Exposición Profesional/estadística & datos numéricos , Perú/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Prueba de Tuberculina , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/diagnóstico
13.
Rev Med Chil ; 128(4): 431-6, 2000 Apr.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10962862

RESUMEN

A challenge that research managers have to face is how to "reallocate" agency budgets in order to bring them in line with the results of performance reviews. Research policies must develop a strategic plan describing their goals, devise yardsticks to measure their progress, and tie that performance to allocate research funds with some degree of priority. Though Brazil already has a substantial presence in world's science, scientific enterprise must be used to strengthen it. The first step should be to raise standards in Brazilian science by concentrating the resources on supporting excellence. A strategy to judge biomedical research productivity should include tactics to disclose whether the resulting publications have appeared in the field's most respected, peer-reviewed journals. A pilot project to road-test the above-discussed ideas on performance measurements was conducted at the Laboratories of Medical Research (Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo School of Medicine). These Laboratories perform a vast proportion of biomedical research at the country's largest University. This article illustrates that confidence in fairness and consistency with which funds are now being allocated has helped to improve productivity, thus showing that this strategy is fruitful.


Asunto(s)
Bibliometría , Laboratorios de Hospital/economía , Apoyo a la Investigación como Asunto/economía , Investigación/economía , Brasil , Sistemas de Información , Laboratorios de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Publicaciones Periódicas como Asunto/estadística & datos numéricos , Investigación/estadística & datos numéricos , Apoyo a la Investigación como Asunto/estadística & datos numéricos
14.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin ; 17(6): 269-73, 1999.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10439535

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To report a prospective study on non fermentative gramnegative bacilli, excluded Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated at Dr. Julio C. Perrando Hospital in Resistencia (Argentina). The goal of this study was to know their frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For bacterial identifications we used biochemical tests. RESULTS: The greatest percentages of non fermentative gramnegative bacilli isolates were found in blood samples (25%), respiratory secretions and urine (23.9%). Acinetobacter baumannii (34.7%), Pseudomonas fluorescens/Pseudomonas putida (15.2%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (9.7%) and Burkholderia cepacia (8.7%) were the non fermentative gramnegative bacilli species most commonly isolated. Distribution of microorganism strains according to samples and area is also assessed. Antimicrobial sensitivity of most commonly isolated non fermentative gramnegative bacilli strain analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that non fermentative gramnegative bacilli are most frequently present in hospitalized that in outpatients and antibacterial therapy must be provided according to bacteriological information.


Asunto(s)
Bacterias Gramnegativas/aislamiento & purificación , Laboratorios de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Argentina , Infección Hospitalaria , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas , Humanos , Estudios Prospectivos
15.
Rev. costarric. cienc. méd ; 19(1/2): 29-36, mar.-jun. 1998. ilus
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: lil-257325

RESUMEN

En el presente trabajo se analizaron 148 muestras para hemocultivo, enviadas de los Servicios de Neonatología y de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital San Juan de Dios, durante los meses de setiembre, octubre y noviembre de 1996. El estudio evalúa el aislamiento, el tiempo de detección y la recuperación de microorganismos. Además se analiza el efecto de la antibioticoterapia en las muestras y la capacidad de aislar microorganismos por el método tradicional y el sistema automatizado Bactec 9050. El uso de un sistema automatizado de monitoreo y agitación continua, permite obtener resultados en un menor tiempo y además lograr una mayor recuperación de microorganismos por tener una resina que neutraliza antibióticos presentes en las muestras. La automatización permite disminuir la contaminación de las muestras y facilita el trabajo en el laboratorio de bacteriología


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Bacteriología , Sangre , Análisis Químico de la Sangre , Contaminación Ambiental , Diagnóstico , Hematología , Laboratorios de Hospital , Pruebas Hematológicas , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antibacterianos/análisis , Antibacterianos/química , Costa Rica , Laboratorios de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos
16.
Resistencia ; Chaco. Ministerio de Salud Pública; abr. 1997. 198 p. ilus, tab.(Estadísticas Vitales y Sanitarias). (67148).
Artículo en Español | BINACIS | ID: bin-67148

Asunto(s)
Humanos , Indicadores de Servicios , Hospitales/estadística & datos numéricos , Estadísticas Hospitalarias , Estadísticas de Atención Médica , Estadísticas de Salud , Estadísticas de Servicios de Salud , Departamentos de Hospitales/estadística & datos numéricos , /estadística & datos numéricos , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Obstetricia/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades Transmisibles/epidemiología , Atención de Enfermería/estadística & datos numéricos , Atención a la Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Atención Perinatal/estadística & datos numéricos , Atención Prenatal/estadística & datos numéricos , Atención Odontológica/estadística & datos numéricos , Bancos de Sangre/estadística & datos numéricos , Centros de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Laboratorios de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos de la Nutrición del Niño/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Nutrición del Lactante/epidemiología , Notificación de Enfermedades/estadística & datos numéricos , Indicadores de Morbimortalidad , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Morbilidad , Servicios de Salud del Niño/estadística & datos numéricos , Capacidad de Camas en Hospitales , Odontología en Salud Pública/estadística & datos numéricos , Consultorios Odontológicos/estadística & datos numéricos , Servicio Odontológico Hospitalario/estadística & datos numéricos , Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Audiología/estadística & datos numéricos , Psicología/estadística & datos numéricos , Modalidades de Fisioterapia/estadística & datos numéricos , Servicio de Fisioterapia en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Radiología/estadística & datos numéricos , Transfusión Sanguínea/estadística & datos numéricos , Servicios Laboratoriales de Salud Publica , Lepra/epidemiología , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Socorro Alimentario , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales del Lactante , Trastornos Nutricionales/epidemiología , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Indicadores de Salud , /estadística & datos numéricos , /estadística & datos numéricos , /estadística & datos numéricos
17.
Salud Publica Mex ; 36(5): 473-8, 1994.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7892621

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To validate a questionnaire which evaluates the structure of clinical laboratories and to obtain information on its productivity. PARTICIPANTS: A group of 18 laboratories belonging to hospitals of second (N = 15) and third (N = 3) levels of health care. Fifteen participants belong to the public sector and three are first rate private institutions. They are located in the metropolitan area of Mexico City comprising the Federal District (N = 12) and the State of Mexico (N = 6). METHODS: The questionnaire has 12 items which received a 0, 1/2 or 1 score. The maximum possible score for a perfect laboratory as well as for any question is 100. The questionnaire was filled during a visit to the participating hospitals by auditors of the agency of the Ministry of Health in charge of licensing laboratories at a national level. Information covering six months of work was obtained to calculate productivity using number of tests per worker per month. RESULTS: The global score of the 18 participants was 49. The private ones had the highest scores (79 to 96) which was to be expected as they were selected for their high technical and human resources. The five State laboratories had a score above the global mean, but only one of the Federal ones was in this situation. A high interlaboratory variability was observed, i.e. productivity in the highest rated was nine times larger than in the lowest rated. This finding suggests the presence of interlaboratory differences in the criteria used in the collection of productivity information. CONCLUSIONS: This short questionnaire can be used as a first approximation to identify structure deficiencies of the Mexican clinical laboratories.


Asunto(s)
Eficiencia Organizacional , Laboratorios de Hospital/organización & administración , Eficiencia Organizacional/normas , Eficiencia Organizacional/estadística & datos numéricos , Laboratorios de Hospital/normas , Laboratorios de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , México , Proyectos Piloto , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud/métodos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
18.
Salud Publica Mex ; 36(5): 484-91, 1994.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7892623

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To explore the validity of a simple and rapid strategy which discriminates precision and accuracy of assays done in sera. PARTICIPANTS: The same group of 18 laboratories. METHODS: The sera and results of glucose, urea, creatinine and urates assayed in the routine work of a single day were collected by auditors of an agency of the Ministry of Health. Six laboratories used autoanalyzers and 12 manual kits in the assays. The sera were transported that same day (stored in ice) to a reference laboratory (REF LAB) to repeat the assays as soon as possible. The REF LAB used a spectrum analyzer which showed, throughout the seven months of the study, excellent precision in its internal program and good accuracy in the international EQA program of the World Health Organization. STRATEGY OF ANALYSIS: Precision and accuracy were independently evaluated with two correlates per analyte and participant: the coefficient of correlation of paired results (REF LAB/participant) as a correlate of precision, and the mean of ratios of paired results (participant/REF LAB) as a correlate of accuracy. A correlation below 0.70 and a mean ratio outside of 1 +/- 0.15 were considered inadequate. RESULTS: only 62 systems had information (10 either lacked reagents or had no samples that day). Imprecision was observed in only 8 per cent of the analytes (5/62) which is lower than the 30 per cent usually seen in Mexican EQA programs. On the contrary, the frequency of inaccuracy was high, i.e. the ratios were inadequate in 44 per cent of the systems (28/62). CONCLUSIONS: Our strategy of evaluation was able to discriminate imprecision from inaccuracy. The low frequency of imprecision in the study suggests the possibility of an observer's effect on the observed (date and hour of the audit visit was known in advance). The high rate of inaccuracy highlights the convenience of having a larger local availability of reference materials and EQA programs with reliable control material. The search for indexes discriminating imprecision from inaccuracy should continue for use in laboratories with very little or no experience in EQA.


Asunto(s)
Laboratorios de Hospital/organización & administración , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud/métodos , Humanos , Laboratorios de Hospital/normas , Laboratorios de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , México , Proyectos Piloto , Control de Calidad , Pruebas Serológicas/normas , Pruebas Serológicas/estadística & datos numéricos
19.
Salud Publica Mex ; 36(5): 479-83, 1994.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7892622

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a questionnaire for operating procedures in Mexican clinical laboratories. PARTICIPANTS: A group of 18 hospital laboratories (described in the first paper of this series). METHODS: The questionnaire had 132 items exploring nine sections (bacteriology, clinical chemistry, general hematology, immunology, microbacteriology, mycology, parasitology and urine analysis) and it was filled by the participants and modified if necessary in an audit visit. The questions were scored in the range of zero to one, and the participants in a scale of zero to 100 points. RESULTS: the answers had scores ranging from zero (N = 3) to one (N = 11) and a distribution with a clear shift to high scores. This led to a partition in three categories (low: < 0.3, medium: 03.-0.7, high: > 0.7) and to calculate a low/high ratio which enabled us to identify poor procedures in the sections. This ratio was also used to evaluate the type of procedure involved, i.e. management (N = 51), resources (N = 36), quality control (N = 23), and type and number of tests performed (N = 16). In the evaluation of the laboratories, the global score was 60. As expected, the private laboratories had the highest scores (73 to 84) as they were chosen because of their good resources. In the public ones only the State laboratories had more members above the mean score than below, whereas most of the Federal laboratories were below the global mean. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire performed reasonably well in spite of some deficiencies, i.e. it should include more questions on the specialized sections and on procedures other than management. The specialized sections (immunology, microbacteriology, mycology and parasitology) had lower scores than the more traditional ones (chemistry, hematology and bacteriology). Resources and quality control had lower scores than management; and the laboratory scores of the auditors tended to be lower than the autoevaluation of the public hospitals.


Asunto(s)
Laboratorios de Hospital/organización & administración , Laboratorios de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , México , Proyectos Piloto , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud/métodos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
20.
An. méd. Asoc. Méd. Hosp. ABC ; 39(1): 13-21, ene.-mar. 1994. tab
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: lil-143003

RESUMEN

Marco téorico: Calidad en la atención médica es otorgar el máximo beneficio con el menor riesgo y costo. Desde el punto de vista analítico, control de calidad en el estudio de las variaciones que son responsabilidad del laboratorio y el establecimiento de procedimientos para reconocerlos y minimizarlos. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto del control de calidad analítico en el crecimiento de la productividad y eficiencia departamental a lo largo de 11 años (1982-1992). Tipo de estudio: prospectivo, longitudinal, descriptivo, comparativo y analítico en el que se observan: glucosa, urea, creatinina, ácido úrico, colesterol, bilirrubinas, protéinas y albúmina. Para medir la eficiencia y la productividad departamental se consideran indicadores por día hábil de trabajo. Resultados: precisión media en programa interno: (CV= 5.5 por ciento). Exactitud promedio en programa externo: (Rm = 0.91). Indice de variación media (IV = 98.5). El número de pacientes se incrementó en un 37 por ciento y el volumen de estudio creció en 394 por ciento. La eficiencia mejoró de 31.5 a 17.4 minutos/paciente/recepcionista mientras que en las áreas técnicas pasó de 20.6 a 10.3 minutos/estudio/técnico. Conclusión: La confiabilidad de los resultados es el factor más importante en el aumento en la demanda de los estudios. Los índices de productividad permiten evaluar las cargas de trabajo para asignar recursos que permitan mejorar la eficiencia


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Técnicas de Laboratorio Clínico/estadística & datos numéricos , Técnicas de Laboratorio Clínico/estadística & datos numéricos , Eficiencia/clasificación , Garantía de la Calidad de Atención de Salud/organización & administración , Garantía de la Calidad de Atención de Salud , Laboratorios de Hospital/organización & administración , Laboratorios de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Personal de Hospital/normas , Control de Calidad
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