RESUMEN
This study investigates the regulatory mechanisms of synovial macrophages and their polarization in the progression of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA). Macrophage depletion models were established by intra-articular injection of clodronate liposomes and unloaded liposomes. TMJOA was induced by intra-articular injection of 50 µL Complete Freund's Adjuvant and the surgery of disc perforation. The contralateral joint was used as the control group. The expression of F4/80, CD86, and CD206 in the synovium was detected by immunofluorescence staining analysis. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and TMJOA synovial score were detected to show the synovial changes in rat joints after TMJOA induction and macrophage depletion. Changes in rat cartilage after TMJOA induction and macrophage depletion were shown by safranin fast green staining. The bone-related parameters of rats' joints were evaluated by micro-computed tomography analysis. The TMJOA model induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant injection and disc perforation aggravated synovial hyperplasia and showed a significant up-regulation of expression of F4/80-, CD86-, and CD206-positive cells. F4/80, CD86, and CD206 staining levels were significantly decreased in macrophage depletion rats, whereas the synovitis score further increased and cartilage and subchondral bone destruction was slightly aggravated. Macrophages were crucially involved in the progression of TMJOA, and macrophage depletion in TMJOA synoviocytes promoted synovitis and cartilage destruction.
Asunto(s)
Cartílago Articular , Osteoartritis , Sinovitis , Ratas , Animales , Microtomografía por Rayos X , Activación de Macrófagos , Adyuvante de Freund/efectos adversos , Adyuvante de Freund/metabolismo , Liposomas/efectos adversos , Liposomas/metabolismo , Cartílago Articular/metabolismo , Articulación Temporomandibular/metabolismo , Sinovitis/metabolismo , Remodelación Ósea , Osteoartritis/metabolismoRESUMEN
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) has low bioavailability due to its fast metabolism and short half-life, which is not conducive to transdermal treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Therefore, in this study, TMP was encapsulated into liposomes (Lip) by film dispersion method, and then the surface of Lip was modified by sodium alginate (ALG) and chitosan (CS). The tetramethylpyrazine-loaded liposomes in sodium alginate chitosan hydrogel called T-Lip-AC hydrogel. In vitro experiments, we found that T-Lip-AC hydrogel not only had the antibacterial effect of CS, but also enhanced the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of TMP. In addition, T-Lip-AC hydrogel could also provide a moist healing environment for AD dry skin and produce better skin permeability, and can also achieve sustained drug release, which is conducive to the treatment of AD. The lesions induced by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene were used as the AD lesions model to test the therapeutic effect of the T-Lip-AC hydrogel on AD in vivo. The studies have showed that T-Lip-AC hydrogel could effectively promote wound healing. Therefore, we have developed a T-Lip-AC hydrogel as multifunctional hydrogel drug delivery system, which could become an effective, safe and novel alternative treatment method for treating AD.
Asunto(s)
Quitosano , Dermatitis Atópica , Pirazinas , Humanos , Dermatitis Atópica/tratamiento farmacológico , Dermatitis Atópica/inducido químicamente , Dermatitis Atópica/patología , Liposomas/efectos adversos , Hidrogeles , Quitosano/uso terapéutico , Alginatos , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodosRESUMEN
Asthma is a common chronic allergic disease that affects a significant percentage of the world's population. Niosomes are nanoparticles consisting of non-ionic surfactants that can be used for drug delivery. This research was designed to investigate the impacts of inhalation of simple and niosomal forms of myrtenol against adverse consequences of asthma in rats. Asthma induction was performed via injection of ovalbumin, followed by its inhalation. Niosomes were created by a heating protocol, and their physicochemical features were evaluated. Forty-nine male Wistar rats were allotted into 7 groups (n=7 each): Control (CTL), vacant niosome (VN), Asthma, Asthma+VN, Asthma+SM (simple myrtenol), Asthma+NM (niosomal myrtenol), and Asthma+B (budesonide). Lung remodeling, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), inflammatory and cytokines, and antioxidant factors in the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF), as well as), were evaluated. The results showed that myrtenol-loaded niosomes had appropriate encapsulation efficiency, kinetic release, size, and zeta potential. The thickness of the epithelial cell layer in the lungs, as well as cell infiltration, fibrosis, IgE, reactive oxygen species, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor nuclear factor alpha (TNF-α) levels, decreased significantly. In contrast, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxide activity increased significantly in the serum and BALF of the treated groups. The niosomal form of myrtenol revealed a higher efficacy than simple myrtenol and was similar to budesonide in ameliorating asthma indices. Inhalation of simple and niosomal forms of myrtenol improved the detrimental changes in the asthmatic lung. The niosomal form induced more prominent anti-asthmatic effects comparable to those of budesonide.
Asunto(s)
Asma , Liposomas , Ratas , Masculino , Animales , Liposomas/efectos adversos , Ratas Wistar , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Asma/patología , Pulmón/patología , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Citocinas , Budesonida/efectos adversos , Inmunoglobulina E , Interleucina-6 , Ovalbúmina , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Líquido del Lavado BronquioalveolarRESUMEN
Nanoparticles are primarily taken up by immune cells after systemic administration. Thus, they are considered an ideal drug delivery vehicle for immunomodulation. Because the spleen is the largest lymphatic organ and regulates the systemic immune system, there have been studies to develop spleen targeting nanoparticles for immunomodulation of cancer and immunological disorders. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes disorders involving chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract and is considered incurable despite a variety of treatment options. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the gasotransmitters that carries out anti-inflammatory functions and has shown promising immunomodulatory effects in various inflammatory diseases including IBD. Herein, we developed a delicately tuned H2S donor delivering liposome for spleen targeting (ST-H2S lipo) and studied its therapeutic effects in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis model. We identified the ideal PEG type and ratio of liposome for a high stability, loading efficiency, and spleen targeting effect. In the treatment of the DSS-induced colitis model, we found that ST-H2S lipo and conventional long-circulating liposomes loaded with H2S donors (LC-H2S lipo) reduced the severity of colitis, whereas unloaded H2S donors did not. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of ST-H2S lipo was superior to that of LC-H2S lipo due to its better systemic immunomodulatory effect than that of LC-H2S lipo. Our findings demonstrate that spleen targeting H2S lipo may have therapeutic potential for IBD.
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Colitis , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino , Humanos , Liposomas/efectos adversos , Bazo , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/tratamiento farmacológico , Colitis/tratamiento farmacológico , InmunomodulaciónRESUMEN
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of phosphatidylserine liposomes containing curcumin (PSLs-Cur) on the development of osteoporosis induced by glucocorticoids (GCs) in the rat model. PSL-Cur, phosphatidylserine (PSL), curcumin (Cur), and alendronate (AL) drugs as a positive control were administrated orally to evaluate the beneficial effects of 3-week treatments on osteoporotic rats. The biochemical and biomechanical properties of bone parameters as well as gene expression were evaluated in treated rats. Moreover, histomorphometric examinations were performed on the bone tissues of the animals. The results revealed that PSL-Cur oral administration caused a significant improvement in serum markers, mechanical strength, and OPG gene expression rather than PSL or Cur administration in osteoporotic rats. Also, PSL-Cur significantly increased the thickness and volume of cortical and trabecular bone mass in comparison with the untreated osteoporotic group. The results of this study indicated that PSL-Cur had a more inhibitory effect on bone loss induced by GCs compared to AL standard drug. Our findings suggested that PSL-loaded Cur may be an appropriate alternative therapy for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Osteoporosis is one of the most serious metabolic chronic diseases that causes fragile bone due to decreased mineral density and microarchitectural deterioration in humans. The osteoprotective effects of curcumin and phosphatidylserine, as a food spice and supplementary diet, respectively, have been shown, previously. However, the low bioavailability of curcumin (Cur) due to its poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and fast systemic elimination, limits its benefits. This deficit can be modified with phosphatidylserine liposome (PSL) formulation that facilitates the gastrointestinal delivery of Cur. Moreover, PSL is known as an osteoprotective agent that may make synergy effect with Cur against GC-induced osteoporosis. In this study, daily oral administration of phosphatidylserine liposomes containing curcumin (PSL-Cur) for 3 weeks, considerably improved biochemical, biomechanical, and gene expression of bone parameters in the treated animals subjected to osteoporosis. PSL-Cur can significantly increase the thickness and volume of cortical and trabecular bone mass as well as the mechanical bone strength in animals. Experimental findings proposed PSL-Cur consumption as a proper and safe supplementary medication in the controlling of bone loss in patients with a high risk of osteoporosis.
Asunto(s)
Curcumina , Osteoporosis , Animales , Curcumina/farmacología , Liposomas/efectos adversos , Liposomas/química , Osteoporosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Osteoporosis/etiología , Fosfatidilserinas/efectos adversos , Ratas , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: RESILIENT (NCT03088813) is a phase 2/3 study assessing the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of liposomal irinotecan monotherapy in patients with small cell lung cancer and disease progression on/after first-line platinum-based therapy. Here, we present results from RESILIENT part 1. METHODS: This open-label, single-arm, safety run-in evaluation with dose-exploration and dose-expansion phases included patients ≥18 years old with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0/1; those with asymptomatic central nervous system metastases were eligible. The primary objectives were to evaluate safety and tolerability and recommend a dose for further development. Efficacy end points were objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: During dose exploration, 5 patients received intravenous liposomal irinotecan at 85 mg/m2 (deemed not tolerable; dose-limiting toxicity) and 12 patients received 70 mg/m2 (deemed tolerable). During dose expansion, 13 additional patients received intravenous liposomal irinotecan at 70 mg/m2 . Of these 25 patients (median age [range], 59.0 [48.0-73.0] years, 92.0% with metastatic disease), 10 experienced grade ≥3 treatment-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), most commonly diarrhea (20.0%) and neutropenia (16.0%), and 3 had serious treatment-related TEAEs, of whom 2 died. ORR was 44.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 24.40-65.07; 1 complete response, 10 partial responses) and median (95% CI) PFS and OS were 3.98 (1.45-4.24) months and 8.08 (5.16-9.82) months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Overall, no new safety signals were identified with liposomal irinotecan, and antitumor activity was promising. RESILIENT part 2, a randomized, controlled, phase 3 study of liposomal irinotecan versus topotecan, is ongoing. LAY SUMMARY: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with few treatment options after platinum-based therapy. Administering 1 option, irinotecan, as a "liposomal" formulation, may extend drug exposure and improve outcomes. The RESILIENT part 1 trial assessed the safety and efficacy of liposomal irinotecan in 25 adults with SCLC after disease progression despite platinum-based therapy. No new safety concerns were reported. The most common moderate-to-severe side effects were diarrhea (20% of patients) and neutropenia (16%). Tumors responded to treatment in 44% of patients. Average survival was 8.08 months, and time to disease progression was 3.98 months. Liposomal irinotecan trials are ongoing.
Asunto(s)
Irinotecán , Liposomas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas , Anciano , Diarrea/etiología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Humanos , Irinotecán/efectos adversos , Liposomas/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neutropenia/inducido químicamente , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/patologíaRESUMEN
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic; from that date, the vaccine race has begun, and many technology platforms to develop a specific and effective COVID-19 vaccine have been launched in several clinical trials (protein subunit, RNA-based, DNA-based, replicating viral vector, nonreplicating viral vector, inactivated virus, live attenuated virus, and virus-like particle). Among the next-generation strategies, nucleoside-modified messenger RNA vaccines appear the most attractive, not only to counteract emerging pathogens but also for the possible applications in regenerative medicine and cancer therapy. However, exactly as all innovative drugs, they deserve careful pharmacovigilance in the short and long term.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19/prevención & control , Vacunas Sintéticas , Vacuna nCoV-2019 mRNA-1273 , Vacuna BNT162 , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/efectos adversos , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/inmunología , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad/etiología , Liposomas/efectos adversos , Nanopartículas/efectos adversos , Nucleósidos , Pandemias/prevención & control , Farmacovigilancia , Polietilenglicoles/efectos adversos , ARN Mensajero/química , Vacunas Sintéticas/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Sintéticas/efectos adversos , Vacunas Sintéticas/inmunología , Vacunas de ARNmRESUMEN
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination campaign in Italy has started with a huge perplexity about vaccine efficacy, vaccine-borne adverse effects and vaccine clinical trial studies. In this commentary I tried to elucidate these issues, which represent a fundamental topic to be thoroughly addressed in COVID-19 pandemic.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19/prevención & control , Negativa a la Vacunación , Vacunas Sintéticas , Vacuna nCoV-2019 mRNA-1273 , Anafilaxia/etiología , Vacuna BNT162 , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/inmunología , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/efectos adversos , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/inmunología , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Italia/epidemiología , Liposomas/efectos adversos , Vacunación Masiva , Nanopartículas/efectos adversos , Pandemias/prevención & control , Polietilenglicoles/efectos adversos , Vacunas Sintéticas/efectos adversos , Vacunas Sintéticas/inmunología , Vacunas de ARNmAsunto(s)
Anafilaxia/inducido químicamente , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/efectos adversos , COVID-19/prevención & control , Liposomas/efectos adversos , Nanopartículas/efectos adversos , Vacunas Sintéticas/efectos adversos , Vacuna nCoV-2019 mRNA-1273 , Amino Alcoholes/efectos adversos , Amino Alcoholes/química , Anafilaxia/diagnóstico , Anafilaxia/patología , Vacuna BNT162 , COVID-19/inmunología , COVID-19/patología , COVID-19/virología , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/química , Decanoatos/efectos adversos , Decanoatos/química , Excipientes/efectos adversos , Excipientes/química , Humanos , Liposomas/administración & dosificación , Liposomas/inmunología , Vacunación Masiva/estadística & datos numéricos , Nanopartículas/administración & dosificación , Polietilenglicoles/efectos adversos , Polietilenglicoles/química , SARS-CoV-2/patogenicidad , Vacunas Sintéticas/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Sintéticas/química , Vacunas de ARNmRESUMEN
Patients with cancer should benefit from COVID-19 vaccination. Some of the most advanced vaccine candidates are mRNAs encapsulated into lipid carriers, and small liposomes are expected to accumulate in tumour tissues through the enhanced and permeation retention effect. However, to what extent solid tumours could take up a significant part of the vaccine dose as well remains unknown. This calls for a careful evaluation of the efficacy of these promising mRNA COVID-19 vaccines administered as lipid carriers for patients with solid tumours, including a possible re-appraisal of the dosing for optimal protection of this specific and frail population.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , COVID-19/prevención & control , Portadores de Fármacos , Neoplasias/terapia , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Aceleración , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , COVID-19/epidemiología , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/efectos adversos , Portadores de Fármacos/normas , Fragilidad/epidemiología , Fragilidad/terapia , Humanos , Programas de Inmunización/normas , Liposomas/administración & dosificación , Liposomas/efectos adversos , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Neoplasias/inmunología , Pandemias , ARN Mensajero/administración & dosificación , ARN Mensajero/normas , Factores de Tiempo , Vacunación/métodosRESUMEN
Liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB) is a broad-spectrum antifungal drug that is used to treat fungal infections. However, clinical evidence of its use in patients with renal failure is limited. Here, we aimed to identify factors associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients administered L-AMB. We retrospectively utilized a combination of Diagnosis Procedure Combination data and laboratory data obtained from hospitals throughout Japan between April 2008 and January 2018. In total, 507 patients administered L-AMB were identified. After L-AMB treatment initiation, AKI, which was defined as a ≥ 1.5-fold increase within 7 days or ≥ 0.3 mg/dL increase within 2 days in serum creatinine according to the KDIGO criteria, was recognized in 37% of the total patients (189/507). The stages of AKI were stage 1 in 20%, stage 2 in 11%, and stage 3 in 7%. Five factors were associated with AKI of all stages: prior treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin-receptor blockers or carbapenem; concomitant administration of catecholamines or immunosuppressants; and ≥ 3.52 mg/kg/day of L-AMB dosing. Serum potassium < 3.5 mEq/L before L-AMB therapy was associated with severe AKI of stage 2 and 3. Altogether, these factors should be carefully considered to reduce the occurrence of AKI in patients administered L-AMB.
Asunto(s)
Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Anfotericina B/efectos adversos , Antifúngicos/efectos adversos , Micosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Lesión Renal Aguda/epidemiología , Anciano , Anfotericina B/administración & dosificación , Anfotericina B/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/administración & dosificación , Antifúngicos/administración & dosificación , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Carbapenémicos/administración & dosificación , Catecolaminas/administración & dosificación , Creatinina/sangre , Análisis Factorial , Femenino , Humanos , Huésped Inmunocomprometido/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunosupresores/administración & dosificación , Liposomas/administración & dosificación , Liposomas/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Micosis/complicacionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In this first-in-human, Phase 1 study of a microRNA-based cancer therapy, the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of MRX34, a liposomal mimic of microRNA-34a (miR-34a), was determined and evaluated in patients with advanced solid tumours. METHODS: Adults with various solid tumours refractory to standard treatments were enrolled in 3 + 3 dose-escalation cohorts and, following RP2D determination, expansion cohorts. MRX34, with oral dexamethasone premedication, was given intravenously daily for 5 days in 3-week cycles. RESULTS: Common all-cause adverse events observed in 85 patients enrolled included fever (% all grade/G3: 72/4), chills (53/14), fatigue (51/9), back/neck pain (36/5), nausea (36/1) and dyspnoea (25/4). The RP2D was 70 mg/m2 for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 93 mg/m2 for non-HCC cancers. Pharmacodynamic results showed delivery of miR-34a to tumours, and dose-dependent modulation of target gene expression in white blood cells. Three patients had PRs and 16 had SD lasting ≥4 cycles (median, 19 weeks, range, 11-55). CONCLUSION: MRX34 treatment with dexamethasone premedication demonstrated a manageable toxicity profile in most patients and some clinical activity. Although the trial was closed early due to serious immune-mediated AEs that resulted in four patient deaths, dose-dependent modulation of relevant target genes provides proof-of-concept for miRNA-based cancer therapy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01829971.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , MicroARNs/administración & dosificación , MicroARNs/efectos adversos , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Femenino , Humanos , Liposomas/efectos adversos , Liposomas/farmacocinética , Masculino , Dosis Máxima Tolerada , MicroARNs/farmacocinética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nanopartículas/administración & dosificación , Nanopartículas/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated nanopharmaceuticals can cause mild to severe hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs), which can occasionally be life threatening or even lethal. The phenomenon represents an unsolved immune barrier to the use of these drugs, yet its mechanism is poorly understood. This study showed that a single i.v. injection in pigs of a low dose of PEGylated liposomes (Doxebo) induced a massive rise of anti-PEG IgM in blood, peaking at days 7-9 and declining over 6 weeks. Bolus injections of PEG-liposomes during seroconversion resulted in anaphylactoid shock (pseudo-anaphylaxis) within 2-3 min, although similar treatments of naiÌve animals led to only mild hemodynamic disturbance. Parallel measurement of pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and sC5b-9 in blood, taken as measures of HSR and complement activation, respectively, showed a concordant rise of the two variables within 3 min and a decline within 15 min, suggesting a causal relationship between complement activation and pulmonary hypertension. We also observed a rapid decline of anti-PEG IgM in the blood within minutes, increased binding of PEGylated liposomes to IgM+ B cells in the spleen of immunized animals compared to control, and increased C3 conversion by PEGylated liposomes in the serum of immunized pigs. These observations taken together suggest rapid binding of anti-PEG IgM to PEGylated liposomes, leading to complement activation via the classical pathway, entailing anaphylactoid shock and accelerated blood clearance of liposome-IgM complexes. These data suggest that complement activation plays a causal role in severe HSRs to PEGylated nanomedicines and that pigs can be used as a hazard identification model to assess the risk of HSRs in preclinical safety studies.
Asunto(s)
Anafilaxia/inmunología , Activación de Complemento/inmunología , Polietilenglicoles/efectos adversos , Polietilenglicoles/farmacología , Anafilaxia/patología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antiidiotipos/inmunología , Linfocitos B/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina M/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunoglobulina M/inmunología , Liposomas/efectos adversos , Liposomas/química , Liposomas/inmunología , Liposomas/farmacología , Polietilenglicoles/química , Bazo/efectos de los fármacos , Bazo/inmunología , PorcinosRESUMEN
Intravenous administration of liposomal drugs can entail infusion reactions, also known as hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs), that can be severe and sometimes life-threatening in a small portion of patients. One empirical approach to prevent these reactions consists of lowering the infusion speed and extending the infusion time of the drug. However, different liposomal drugs have different levels of reactogenicity, which means that the optimal protocol for each liposomal drug may differ and should be identified and evaluated to make the treatment as safe and convenient as possible. The goal of the present study was to explore the use of pigs for the above purpose, using PEGylated liposomal prednisolone (PLP) as a model drug. We compared the reactogenicities of bolus versus infusion protocols involving 2-, 3- and 4-step dose escalations for a clinically relevant total dose, also varying the duration of infusions. The strength of HSRs was measured via continuous recording of hemodynamic parameters and blood thromboxane B2 levels. We showed that bolus administration or rapid infusion of PLP caused transient changes in systemic and pulmonary blood pressure and heart rate, most notably pulmonary hypertension with paralleling rises in plasma thromboxane B2. These adverse responses could be significantly reduced or eliminated by slow infusion of PLP, with the 3-h 3-step dose escalation protocol being the least reactogenic. These data suggest that the pig model enables the development of safe infusion protocols for reactogenic nanomedicines.
Asunto(s)
Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/etiología , Glucocorticoides/efectos adversos , Liposomas/efectos adversos , Polietilenglicoles/efectos adversos , Prednisolona/efectos adversos , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Antiinflamatorios/efectos adversos , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Glucocorticoides/administración & dosificación , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Infusiones Intravenosas/efectos adversos , Liposomas/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Polietilenglicoles/administración & dosificación , Prednisolona/administración & dosificación , PorcinosRESUMEN
The increasing use in the last decade of PEGylated nanodrugs such as Doxil® has seen a rise in the number of associated occurrences of hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs). These reactions (also called infusion reactions or IR), can range from harmless symptoms to life-threatening reactions. Current means to prevent IR include the prophylactic use of antihistamines and steroids, but they cannot ensure total prevention. We previously showed that an intravenous injection of doxorubicin-free Doxil-like PEGylated nano-liposomes (Doxebo) prior to Doxil treatment suppresses Doxil-induced complement activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA) in pigs, a model of human hypersensitivity reactions to Doxil. However, in order to use Doxebo to prevent Doxil-induced IR, we have to prove its safety and that it does not affect Doxil's performance. Here we show that Doxebo itself does not have toxic effects on the host or tumor, and it does not interfere with Doxil's antitumor activity in mice. Blood, microscopic and macroscopic organ evaluation of rats after repeated administration confirm the lack of intrinsic adverse effect of Doxebo. Likewise, the repeated injection of Doxebo before Doxil did not impact Doxil's pharmacokinetics in plasma and therefore does not cause accelerated blood clearance (ABC). Taken together with our previous publications, these data suggest that the injection of Doxebo prior to Doxil administration can help protect against Doxil-induced IR without adversely affecting treatment efficacy and safety.
Asunto(s)
Doxorrubicina/análogos & derivados , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/prevención & control , Liposomas/administración & dosificación , Animales , Doxorrubicina/efectos adversos , Doxorrubicina/farmacocinética , Femenino , Humanos , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Liposomas/efectos adversos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Neoplasias Experimentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Experimentales/mortalidad , Polietilenglicoles/efectos adversos , Polietilenglicoles/farmacocinética , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of severe visual deficits and blindness. Meanwhile, there is convincing evidence implicating oxidative stress, inflammation, and neovascularization in the onset and progression of AMD. Several studies have identified berberine hydrochloride and chrysophanol as potential treatments for ocular diseases based on their antioxidative, antiangiogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Unfortunately, their poor stability and bioavailability have limited their application. In order to overcome these disadvantages, we prepared a compound liposome system that can entrap these drugs simultaneously using the third polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM G3.0) as a carrier. RESULTS: PAMAM G3.0-coated compound liposomes exhibited appreciable cellular permeability in human corneal epithelial cells and enhanced bio-adhesion on rabbit corneal epithelium. Moreover, coated liposomes greatly improved BBH bioavailability. Further, coated liposomes exhibited obviously protective effects in human retinal pigment epithelial cells and rat retinas after photooxidative retinal injury. Finally, administration of P-CBLs showed no sign of side effects on ocular surface structure in rabbits model. CONCLUSIONS: The PAMAM G3.0-liposome system thus displayed a potential use for treating various ocular diseases.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacocinética , Dendrímeros/química , Ojo/efectos de los fármacos , Liposomas/química , Poliaminas/química , Administración Oftálmica , Animales , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/efectos adversos , Transporte Biológico , Línea Celular , Córnea/citología , Liberación de Fármacos , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Fluoresceína-5-Isotiocianato/química , Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , Humanos , Liposomas/administración & dosificación , Liposomas/efectos adversos , Masculino , Imagen Óptica/métodos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Tamaño de la Partícula , Conejos , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
Existing evidence has demonstrated liposomes as the gene transporter induce the cytotoxicity during the transfection process through several known pathways. In the present study, we investigated the possibility of siRNAs targeting 3-ß-hydroxysterol â³-24-reductase (DHCR24), which encodes an enzyme catalyzing the last step of cholesterol biosynthesis, to suppress the liposome cytotoxicity induced by lipid-based transfection reagent in the neuroblastoma cell line N2A. We found that the siRNAs targeting DHCR24 mRNA protect cells from the liposome-induced cell death, probably through the effect of siDHCR24s on the reduction of the cellular cholesterol and decrease in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This suggests that siRNAs targeting DHCR24 or other methods that reduce the intracellular cholesterol levels might be a good strategy for avoiding the cytotoxicity of liposomes, without impairing its efficiency of gene-delivering.
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Supervivencia Celular/genética , Colesterol/deficiencia , Liposomas/efectos adversos , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/genética , Oxidorreductasas actuantes sobre Donantes de Grupo CH-CH/genética , Interferencia de ARN , Animales , Caveolina 1/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Regulación hacia Abajo , Ratones , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Interferente Pequeño/genética , Transfección/métodosRESUMEN
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of liposomal bupivacaine (LB) compared with bupivacaine hydrochloride with lidocaine on postoperative day 1 pain scores. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial (Canadian Task Force classification 1). SETTING: An academic medical center within the department of female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery. PATIENTS: Fifty-seven patients undergoing midurethral sling placement by a fellowship-trained urogynecologic surgeon and a fellow in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Fifty-seven patients were enrolled to participate in this study. There were 24 patients randomized to receive liposomal bupivacaine and 33 to receive a mixture of bupivacaine and lidocaine during the placement of a retropubic midurethral sling. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Patients were given a diary of pain scales and asked to record their level of pain using the provided visual analog scale scored on a 100-mm Likert scale. Patients recorded their pain 4 hours after hospital discharge and on the night of surgery and their most intense pain each day thereafter for 7 days postoperatively. In addition, patients recorded total opioid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug consumption daily for 1 week postoperatively. Finally, the quality of recovery was assessed using the Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) questionnaire scores. The median pain score in the experimental group was 20 mm (range, 0-80 mm) versus 30 mm (range, 0-60 mm) in the comparative group (pâ¯=â¯.046). The postoperative day 1 QoR-15 scores were significantly lower in the LB group (124 [range, 54-150] vs 144 [range, 68-150], pâ¯=â¯.007). There were no significant differences in opioid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug consumption, the remaining pain scores, or postoperative day 7 QoR-15 scores. CONCLUSION: The results suggest the use of liposomal bupivacaine during retropubic midurethral sling placement does not provide a clinically significant difference in postoperative day 1 pain scores when compared with immediate-acting bupivacaine hydrochloride and lidocaine.
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Bupivacaína/administración & dosificación , Lidocaína/administración & dosificación , Dolor Postoperatorio/prevención & control , Implantación de Prótesis/métodos , Cabestrillo Suburetral , Incontinencia Urinaria/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Analgésicos Opioides/administración & dosificación , Analgésicos Opioides/efectos adversos , Anestésicos Locales/administración & dosificación , Anestésicos Locales/efectos adversos , Bupivacaína/efectos adversos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , Lidocaína/efectos adversos , Liposomas/administración & dosificación , Liposomas/efectos adversos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dimensión del Dolor , Implantación de Prótesis/efectos adversos , Cabestrillo Suburetral/efectos adversos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
This case report describes a patient whose blood pressure decreased from a systolic pressure of 130-140 to 70-80 mm Hg after receiving extended-release liposomal bupivacaine in combination with plain bupivacaine. An 83-year-old woman with hepatocellular carcinoma presented for right hepatectomy and cholecystectomy. No hemodynamic instability was noted during the procedure. When an admixture of liposomal bupivacaine and bupivacaine hydrochloride was infiltrated into the surgical incision site during skin closure, the patient then became profoundly hypotensive. Her blood pressure was supported with phenylephrine boluses and continuous phenylephrine infusion. Lipid emulsion therapy was given to treat suspected local anesthetic toxicity. In response, the patient's blood pressure recovered and the vasopressor requirement was significantly reduced.
Asunto(s)
Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Bupivacaína/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/inducido químicamente , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anestésicos Locales/administración & dosificación , Anestésicos Locales/efectos adversos , Bupivacaína/administración & dosificación , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada/administración & dosificación , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Inyecciones Subcutáneas , Liposomas/administración & dosificación , Liposomas/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA; Bier block) is commonly used to anesthetize an extremity for surgery. Limitations of the procedure include pain from the required tourniquet, the toxicity that can occur from systemic release of local anesthetics, and the lack of postoperative pain relief. We hypothesized that the nanoencapsulation of the local anesthetic would prolong local anesthesia and enhance safety. Here, we developed an â¼15 nm micellar bupivacaine formulation (M-Bup) and tested it in a rat tail vein IVRA model, in which active agents were restricted in the tail by a tourniquet for 15 min. After tourniquet removal, M-Bup provided local anesthesia for 4.5 h, which was two times longer than that from a larger dose of free bupivacaine. Approximately 100 nm liposomal bupivacaine (L-Bup) with the same drug dose as M-Bup did not cause anesthesia. Blood levels of bupivacaine after tourniquet removal were lower in animals receiving M-Bup than L-Bup or free bupivacaine, demonstrating enhanced safety. Tissue reaction to M-Bup was benign.