Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) combined with swimming training improved the lipid profile in rats fed with high-fat diet.

Obesity and associated dyslipidemia is the fastest growing health problem throughout the world. The combination of exercise and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) could be a new approach to the treatment of obesity and associated disease. In this work, the effects of LLLT associated with exercises on the lipid metabolism in regular and high-fat diet rats were verified. We used 64 rats divided in eight groups with eight rats each, designed: SC, sedentary chow diet; SCL, sedentary chow diet laser, TC, trained chow diet; TCL, trained chow diet laser; SH, sedentary high-fat diet; SHL, sedentary high-fat diet laser; TH, trained high-fat diet; and THL, trained high-fat diet laser. The exercise used was swimming during 8 weeks/90 min daily and LLLT (GA-Al-As, 830 nm) dose of 4.7 J/point and total energy 9.4 J per animal, applied to both gastrocnemius muscles after exercise. We analyzed biochemical parameters, percentage of fat, hepatic and muscular glycogen and relative mass of tissue, and weight percentage gain. The statistical test used was ANOVA, with post hoc Tukey-Kramer for multiple analysis between groups, and the significant level was p < 0.001, p < 0.01, and p < 0.05. LLLT decreased the total cholesterol (p < 0.05), triglycerides (p < 0.01), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05), and relative mass of fat tissue (p < 0.05), suggesting increased metabolic activity and altered lipid pathways. The combination of exercise and LLLT increased the benefits of exercise alone. However, LLLT without exercise tended to increase body weight and fat content. LLLT may be a valuable addition to a regimen of diet and exercise for weight reduction and dyslipidemic control.

[Morphological study of the liver of mice-like rodents from areas of the Altai region exposed to radioactive pollution]. / Morfologicheskoe issledovanie pecheni myshevidnykh gryzunov iz raionov Altaiskogo kraia, podvergnutykh radiatsionnomu zagriazneniiu.

Morphofunctional liver state of two mice-like rodents species caught at the three areas of Altai region exposed to radiation during nuclear tests at Semipalatinsk site was studied. It was shown that the stereotype morphofunctional changes in the liver of both rodent species were developed under chronic influence of low doses of radiation and chemical contamination. These changes are manifested as dystrophic disorders of hepatocytes and hemodynamic disturbances accompanied by a decrease of volume ratio of sinusoidal capillaries to hepatocytes and stroma to parenchyma. Hyperglycogenosis, redistribution of the main cytoplasmic organelles, and considerably reduction of the volume densities of mitochondria, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum are the leading ultrastructural changes. Moreover, character and manifestation of the changes are determined by ecological belonging and correlated with intensity of anthropogenic pollution. The role of these changes in development of long-term pathology are discussed.

Protection to glycolysis by a combination of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan and 2-aminoethylisothiuronium bromide hydrobromide in lethally irradiated rats.

Rate of glycolysis in vivo at different time intervals following 8 Gy [LD100(30)] whole body gamma radiation (WBGR) was evaluated by estimating liver glycogen, blood sugar, serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and blood lactic acid concentration in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. Within 1 hr of radiation exposure, a significant fall in liver glycogen was observed in rats fed food and water ad libitum. The glycogen content increased after 24 hr and had returned to control level on 7th day after radiation exposure. Blood sugar, serum LDH and blood lactate levels increased significantly as compared to non irradiated controls. Pretreatment with 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HTP; 100 mg/kg) + 2-aminoethylisothiuronium bromide hydrobromide (AET; 20 mg/kg) ip 30 min before 8 Gy WBGR, modified these values and restored them to normal level on 7th day post-irradiation.

[Effect of chronic effect of the electrostatic field on various biochemical indicators of the tissues]. / Vliianie khronicheskogo deistviia élektrostaticheskogo polia na nekotorye biokhimicheskie pokazateli tkanei.

The action of electrostatic field (320 kV/m) on the adaptability has been studied in experiments on young Wistar rats (females). Some parameters of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, and the process of lipid peroxidation were observed in blood serum, liver and brain. Glucose content was observed to increase in all the tissues, liver glycogen, cholesterol/phospholipid ratio. The urea and malondialdehyde increased in the liver and brain. The experiments have shown that the physiological adaptability is high.

[Biochemical changes of the liver in rats with a combined lesion from 89Sr and 131I]. / Biokhimicheskie izmeneniia v pecheni krys pri kombinirovannom ikh porazhenii 89Sr i 131I.

The results of the biochemical changes induced by 89Sr and 131I in a rat liver after their separate and combined administration within a wide range of doses are presented. Administered in a combination the radionuclides produced the additive effect when estimated by some indices, and more than additive, according to other tests.

Radiation dose response of some gluconeogenic enzyme activities in rats.

Negative correlation was found between the activity of liver glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) and the increasing radiation dose 24 h after continuous irradiation of rats. A dose response of increased fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) was not confirmed.

Metabolic changes after non-lethal x-irradiation of rats. I. Carbohydrates, hormones.

Male rats of the Wistar strain were fasted overnight prior to exposure to single total-body X-ray dose of 2.39 Gy (250 R). Irradiated and sham-irradiated rats were pair-fed for 5 days, in the next period they were fed ad libitum. The levels of corticosterone and immunoreactive insulin in serum, glucose in blood, glycogen in liver, heart and skeletal muscle were determined 1 and 6 h, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 38 days after irradiation and sham-irradiation. Irradiation of rats resulted, at one hour, in a decrease and, at two days, in an icrease in level of blood glucose. A marked increase in liver glycogen persisted from 6 h to 21 days after irradiation. The level of glycogen in the skeletal muscle was reduced at 6 h and increased on days 3 and 14. Heart muscle glycogen declined within the first 24 h and rose at 14 days after exposure. The kinetics of changes in the heart and skeletal muscle glycogen following non-lethal irradiation was similar and indicated an overlap of changes produced by fasting with those brought about by irradiation, particularly during the first week. Corticosterone in serum was markedly increased in rats at 24 and 72 h after irradiation compared to pair-fed controls. The serum insulin concentration did not change after irradiation, except for a single increase on day 21. Irradiation with non-lethal doses produced changes in the parameters of the carbohydrate metabolism studied, except for serum insulin, which reflected the changes in the nutrition regimen upon pair-feeding rather than the effect of ionizing irradiation.

Tissue glycogen and blood glucose in irradiated rats. I. Effects of a single lethal x-irradiation.

Fed and starved (overnight) male rats of the Wistar strains were exposed to wholebody irradiation with 14.35 Gy (1 500 R) of X-rays. After irradiation and sham-irradiation all animals were starved up to the examination performed 1, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after the treatment. Concentration of glucose in the blood and concentration of glycogen in the liver, heart, skeletal muscle, brown and white adipose tissue were determined. Concentration of blood glucose and liver glucogen was found to increase between 1 and 6 h after irradiation of the starved animals. The most pronounced increase of glycogen concentration in the liver and heart muscle was observed 24 and 48 h after irradiation. The fed and starved irradiated rats reacted differently particularly between 48 and 72 h, when the liver glycogen concentration decreased in the fed animals and remained elevated in the starved ones. Very high values of terminal glycemia were observed in both groups. Accumulation of glycogen in the heart muscle indicates that this organ is sensitive to ionizing radiation.

Tissue glucogen and blood glucose in irradiated rats. II. Effect of non-lethal doses of continuous gamma-radiation.

Male rats of the Wistar strain were continuously irradiated with an exposure of 0.57 Gy (60 R) of gamma-rays from a 60Co source. Irradiation lasted from 1 to 50 days in an experimental field, in which control animals shielded from radiation were also placed. After a 16-h starvation, concentration of glucose in the blood and of glycogen in the liver and heart was determined 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 25, 32, 39 and 50 days after the beginning of irradiation. Concentration of blood glucose in irradiated rats did not practically differ from that of control animals during the whole period of investigation. Concentration of liver glycogen in irradiated animals was higher than that of the controls during all time intervals, except for day 1. Values of glycogen in the heart muscle were approximately identical in irradiated and control rats, except for day 21, on which they sharply increased in the irradiated animals. In addition to the investigation of blood glucose and tissue glycogen during continuous irradiation, we followed these parameters immediately, and 1, 6 and 12 months after continuous irradiation with a daily exposure of 0.57 Gy (60 R) up to a total exposure of 14.35 Gy (1 500 R) of gamma-rays. Considerably higher values of liver glycogen were detected in irradiated rats immediately and 1 and 6 months after the end of irradiation.

[Pathomorphological and histochemical changes in the liver of rabbits following fractional irradiation with Co-60]. / Zmiany patomorfologiczne i histochemiczne w watrobie królików po miejscowym fracjonowanym napromienianiu kobaltem-60

Two groups of experimental animals, each consisting of 12 rabbits, were subjected to local fractional irradiation with cobalt 60. Group I received the total dose of 2580 R during 13 days, group II - 5100 R during 24 days. The effects of irradiation were estimated on the strength of histological examination of the liver immediately and after 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after the last exposition. The histological sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, and colour reactions were performed for argentaffine and collagen fibres and for glycogen, neutral fats, alkaline and acid phosphatase, ATP-ase, glycose-6-phosphatase, non-specific esterase and succinic acid dehydrogenase. It was found that the dose of 2580 R is safe for the liver. The effects of irradiation were slight and limited to weak catabolic disturbances in the form of mild steatosis of the liver and of a transient and short-lived fall of glycogen and rise of hydrolytic enzymes. More pronounced and intense changes were observed in the other group of animals. During the early period, the changes were of a retrograde character and were typical of the acute post-irradiation effect. There was necrosis of the walls of the blood vessels, of the epithelium of the bile ducts and of the liver cells, accompanied by a rise in the hydrolytic enzymes and by a considerable fall of the level of glycogen and succinic acid dehydrogenase. During the late period (30-90 days), changes typical of the so-called post-irradiation hepatitis were found histologically.