The Quality of Menu Offerings in Independently Owned Restaurants in Baltimore, Maryland: Results from Mixed-Methods Formative Research for the FRESH Trial.

(1) Background: Independently owned restaurants (IORs) are prevalent in under-resourced racial and ethnic minority communities in the US and present a unique setting for public health nutrition interventions. (2) Methods: We conducted 14 in-depth interviews with IOR owners in Baltimore about their perceptions of healthy food, and customers' acceptance of healthier menus and cooking methods and concurrent observations of the availability of healthy options on their menus. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed using ATLAS.ti. Observations were analyzed with statistical analysis performed in R. (3) Results: Owners perceived non-fried options, lean proteins, and plant-based meals as healthy. While open to using healthier cooking fats, they had mixed feelings about reducing salt, adopting non-frying methods for cooking, and adding vegetables and whole grains to the menu, and were reluctant to reduce sugar in recipes and beverages. Only 17.5% of 1019 foods and 27.6% of 174 beverages in these IORs were healthy, with no significant differences in the healthfulness of restaurant offerings within low-healthy-food-access/low-income neighborhoods and those outside. (4) Conclusion: Healthy options are generally scarce in Baltimore's IORs. Insights from owners inform future interventions to tailor healthy menu offerings that are well-received by customers and feasible for implementation.

Alimentação saudável: dicas práticas para variedade e sabor: experimente novas receitas

Procure receitas saudáveis e saborosas. Manter um peso corporal saudável é essencial na prevenção da obesidade e do câncer

Nudging towards sustainable dining: Exploring menu nudges to promote vegetarian meal choices in restaurants.

Food choice behavior plays a large role in achieving sustainability goals. Meat in particular has a negative environmental impact as compared with plant-based food - and is more frequently chosen in restaurant contexts. To increase plant-based meal choices in restaurants, we tested three nudges for menus that are likely to be implemented by restaurant owners: a hedonic label (e.g., artisanal vegetable burger), a chef's recommendation (specifying the vegetarian option as the chef's favorite), and a salience nudge (a box around the vegetarian option). In an online experiment, we showed participants (n = 513) in four conditions (no nudge, hedonic label, chef's recommendation, and salience nudge) five menus with four meal options each, one of which was vegetarian. We asked participants to choose a meal and subsequently to rate these meals on how tasty and indulgent they were (taste and indulgence attributions). We then revealed which nudge was used to the participants and asked how participants received it. Results show that the hedonic label and chef's recommendation nudge (but not the salience nudge) both increase vegetarian meal choices. The hedonic label increased participants' attributions of indulgence of the meal, but not of tastiness. This finding fits with restaurants' gastronomic, pleasure-seeking context and shapes future directions of labeling interventions, namely that indulgence attributions can be increased in vegetarian foods. Furthermore, the nudges were generally well accepted and participants' intention to return to the (virtual) restaurant was high. Finally, customers expected the hedonic label nudge to be more effective in promoting vegetarian food choices than the other two nudges, partially corresponding with our findings of actual effectiveness.

Enhancing Elderly Nutrition: A Qualitative Evaluation of Menus in a Social Solidarity Institution in the North of Portugal.

This work addresses the importance of food and nutrition in promoting the health of the elderly population, with a specific focus on the qualitative evaluation of menus provided by a social solidarity institution in Portugal. The aim of this study is to conduct a qualitative evaluation of menus furnished by a social solidarity institution situated in the northern region of Portugal in order to prevent and/or treat malnutrition in the elderly. The methodology involves the evaluation of four weekly menus, totaling 28 complete daily menus for the elderly, using the "Avaliação Qualitativa de Ementas Destinadas a Idosos" (AQEDI) tool. This assessment tool comprises six domains: general items, soup, protein suppliers, carbohydrate suppliers, vegetable suppliers, and dessert, each consisting of various parameters. The findings reveal that all menus were classified as "acceptable," with percentages ranging from 60.73% to 68.84%, and suggest that there exists room for improvement. This study emphasizes the necessity for coordinated efforts within the institution to enhance menu planning, taking into account both nutritional guidelines and sensory aspects of food. Effective coordination within the institution is crucial for maintaining positive aspects and rectifying inadequacies in menu planning.

Creating Healthy Environments for Schools: A Comprehensive Approach to Improving Nutrition in Arkansas Public Schools.

BACKGROUND: Nutrition plays a vital role in children's physical and emotional health. More than half of school age children's calories are provided in the school food environment, making school interventions an opportunity to address child nutrition. METHODS: The Creating Health Environments for Schools (CHEFS) program is designed to leverage local resources to create customized solutions that improve the nutritional content of school food and encourage children to choose healthier food. There are 8 components: (1) customizing nutrition plans, (2) modifying/replacing menu items, (3) helping procure healthier food, (4) providing equipment grants, (5) training cafeteria staff, (6) implementing environmental changes and nudges, (7) engaging students and parents, and (8) supporting sustainability. Supporting child nutrition directors is key to facilitating cooperation with schools. IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY: Menu modifications and procurement are interrelated and depend on successfully collaborating with corporate, independent, and local food services organizations. Limited school budgets require low or no-cost solutions and staff training. Student and parent engagement are critical to facilitate culturally-appropriate solutions that increase awareness of healthy food. CONCLUSIONS: Every school district has particular resources and constraints. CHEFs engaged stakeholders to design customized solutions and encourage healthier nutrition for school children.

Transitioning to a Plant-Based Menu in Childcare: Identifying the Nutritional, Financial, and Logistical Considerations.

International health organizations have called for a shift towards more plant-based foods as a way of promoting both individual health and environmental sustainability. Given the high percentage of children in Canada who attend childcare and the high volume of food provided in childcare, transitioning menus to incorporate plant-based foods could have important implications for both planetary and child health. The purpose of this case study is to describe a childcare centre's transition to a plant-based menu. A detailed nutritional analysis of the menu was conducted. The financial and logistical implications of the transitions to a plant-based menu were also assessed. Nutritional analysis revealed that the plant-based menu met or exceeded the daily nutrient requirement for all the key nutrients explored. Financially, the transition led to a 9% reduction in food costs. Logistically, the transition led to improved efficiency and safety with regard to food preparation, with substantially fewer tailored meals due to allergies and dietary restrictions required after the transition. These novel findings are relevant for food service administrators interested in transitioning to a plant-based menu as well as public health dietitians who could support the transition.

Análise das preparações de um serviço de alimentação hospitalar segundo o Escore para Avaliação Qualitativa de Preparação / Analysis of the preparations of a hospital food service according to the Score for Qualitative Assessment of Preparation

Introdução: A oferta de ambientes alimentares saudáveis e sustentáveis deve contar com a avaliação de cardápios que estejam adequados para além da dimensão nutricional, devendo contemplar, entre outros fatores, o grau de processamento dos alimentos conforme recomendações do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. Objetivo: Analisar as preparações de um serviço de alimentação hospitalar segundo o Escore para Avaliação Qualitativa de Preparação. Métodos: O estudo foi do tipo quantitativo, observacional, transversal e analítico, desenvolvido em um serviço de nutrição hospitalar no município de Fortaleza - CE no período de janeiro a junho de 2023. A amostra foi composta por todas as preparações do cardápio de almoço e jantar dos colaboradores, pacientes e acompanhantes. Para análise, foi utilizado o Escore de Avaliação Qualitativa das Preparações, que avalia o grau de processamento industrial do ingrediente, além de outras recomendações. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que 80% das 315 preparações foram classificadas como de "alta qualidade". As sobremesas e saladas apresentaram maior percentual de preparações classificadas como de "alta qualidade", 97% e 95,7% respectivamente (p <0,001). Uma preparação (1,2%) foi classificada como de "muito baixa qualidade". A qualidade das refeições dos pacientes foi superior à dos colaboradores e acompanhantes (p < 0,05) confirmando a hipótese do trabalho. Conclusões: A qualidade das preparações analisadas apresentou resultados satisfatórios e em concordância com as recomendações do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira.

Introduction: The provision of healthy and sustainable food environments should include the assessment of adequate menus beyond the nutritional dimension, and, among other factors, the food processing levels recommended by the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population. Objective: To analyze the preparations of a hospital food service under the Qualitative Preparation Assessment Score. Methods: This quantitative, observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study was conducted in a hospital nutrition service in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, from January to June 2023. The sample consisted of all the lunch and dinner menu preparations for employees, patients, and companions. Besides other recommendations, we adopted the Qualitative Preparation Assessment Score for analysis to evaluate the ingredient industrial processing level. Results: The results showed that 80% of the 315 preparations were classified as "high quality". Desserts and salads had the highest percentage of preparations classified as "high quality", 97% and 95.7%, respectively (p<0.001). One preparation (1.2%) was classified as "very low quality". The quality of patients' meals was higher than that of employees and companions (p<0.05), confirming the study's hypothesis. Conclusions: The quality of the preparations analyzed was satisfactory and aligned with the recommendations of the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population.

¿influyen los determinantes socioeconómicos en la oferta de los menús escolares? / Do socioeconomic determinants influence school menus?

Introducción: la oferta de menús escolares es un área relevante en las estrategias de salud. Objetivos: analizar las diferencias en el cumplimiento de las frecuencias recomendadas de alimentos y otras características del comedor escolar en los centros educativos según su titularidad y la renta del barrio. Métodos: se ofreció la revisión trienal a los centros escolares de la ciudad de Barcelona que disponían de servicio de comedor. En los tres cursos académicos, participaron 341 centros: 175 públicos y 165 de titularidad privada. Para observar si existían diferencias, se utilizó la prueba de Pearson Chi-cuadrado o el test exacto de Fisher según el caso. Los análisis se realizaron con el programa estadístico STATA SE/15. Resultados: no se encontraron diferencias significativas según el nivel socioeconómico del barrio del centro educativo. Los centros educativos privados y concertados presentaban un menor cumplimiento en la pasta (11,1 %), las carnes rojas y procesadas (24,7 %), la carne total (7,4 %) y la fruta fresca (12,1 %), así como un menor uso del aceite recomendado para cocinar (13,1 %). Por el contrario, en los centros educativos públicos se observaba un menor cumplimiento en la recomendación del tipo de aceite para freír (16,9 %). Conclusiones: en los centros privados y concertados es necesario recomendar mejoras en la adecuación de las raciones. Se debería indagar en las causas que pueden explicar esta menor adecuación en varios aspectos como en el cumplimiento de las adecuaciones en estos centros.(AU)

Introduction: the components of school menus is an important area in health strategies.Objectives: the aim of this study was to analyse differences in adherence to recommended food frequencies and other characteristics of schoolmeals in educational centres according to the type of school and neighbourhood income.Method: schools in the city of Barcelona with a lunch service were offered a three-year review. In the three academic years, 341 schoolsparticipated: 175 were public and 165 were private. To identify any differences, the Pearson Chi-squared test or Fisher exact test were used, asappropriate. Statistical analyses were performed with the STATA SE/15 programme.Results: no statistically significant differences were found by the socioeconomic level of the school neighbourhood. Private and subsidisedschools showed lower adherence to recommendations on pasta (11.1 %), red and processed meat (24.7 %), total meat (7.4 %) and fresh fruit(12.1 %), and lower use of the recommended cooking oil (13.1 %). In contrast, public schools showed lower adherence to the recommendedtype of frying oil (16.9 %).Conclusions: in private and subsidised schools, improvements should be recommended on the frequency of intake of certain foods. Futurestudies should examine the causes of lower adherence to certain recommendations in these centres.(AU)

Improving school lunch menus with multi-objective optimisation: nutrition, cost, consumption and environmental impacts.

OBJECTIVE: To support school foods programmes by evaluating the relationship between nutritional quality, cost, student consumption and the environmental impacts of menus. DESIGN: Using linear programming and data from previously served menu items, the relationships between the nutritional quality, cost, student consumption and the environmental impacts of lunch menus were investigated. Optimised lunch menus with the maximum potential student consumption and nutritional quality and lowest costs and environmental impacts were developed and compared with previously served menus (baseline). SETTING: Boston Public Schools (BPS), Boston Massachusetts, USA. PARTICIPANTS: Menu items served on the 2018-2019 BPS lunch menu (n 142). RESULTS: Using single-objective models, trade-offs were observed between most interests, but the use of multi-objective models minimised these trade-offs. Compared with the current weekly menus offered, multi-objective models increased potential caloric intake by up to 27 % and Healthy Eating Index scores by up to 19 % and reduced costs and environmental impacts by up to 13 % and 71 %, respectively. Improvements were made by reducing the frequency of beef and cheese entrées and increasing the frequency of fish and legume entrées on weekly menus. CONCLUSIONS: This work can be extrapolated to monthly menus to provide further direction for school districts, and the methods can be employed with different recipes and constraints. Future research should test the implementation of optimised menus in schools and consider the broader implications of implementation.

Avaliação qualitativa das preparações servidas em um restaurante popular e os impactos do cenário pandêmico da covid-19 / Qualitative assessment of preparations served in a popular restaurant and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic scenario / Evaluación cualitativa de las preparaciones servidas en un restaurante popular y los impactos del escenario de pandemia COVID-19

Introdução:A chegadadapandemia da COVID-19 afetou diretamente o planejamento alimentar de instituições municipais, estaduais e de demais âmbitos, dentre eles as refeiçõesofertadas peloprograma restaurante popular, importante na garantia da segurança alimentarda população mais vulnerável.Objetivo:Avaliar de forma qualitativa as preparações do cardápio do almoço do Restaurante Popular do município de Santa Cruz-Rio Grande do Nortee os impactos do cenário pandêmico da COVID-19.Metodologia:Para tanto, avaliou-se os cardápios referentes aos meses de março, abril, maio, agosto e setembro de 2021, pelo método avaliação qualitativa das preparações do cardápio. Além disso, por meio da adaptação dométodosupracitado, designou-se as preparações de acordo com as recomendações do tipo de processamento segundo o Guia Alimentar para população Brasileira. Resultados:Identificou-se uma baixa oferta de frutas e folhosos, alta de carnes gordurosas e doce, regular de preparações ricas em enxofre e as cores iguais, todavia, quanto à fritura e ao conjunto de fritura + doce apresentou-se em apenas umdiada semana (n=109). Além disso, nos dois últimos meses de análisehouve aumento na oferta de folhosos, diminuição da monotonia, alimentos ricos em enxofre e doces, e ainda, as preparações com alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados + processados fizeram-se presentestodos os dias. Conclusões:Com a utilizaçãodométodo estudadofoipossível identificar ajustesno cardápiopara o período analisado, a fim de ofertar qualidade para os comensais.Ressalta-se que foi observadoque com a adaptação e redução dos casos da COVID-19, houve aumento na oferta de in natura e minimamente processados. Espera-se que melhorias e ajustes sejam realizadosnos cardápios, visto a necessidadede ser mais enfático em seu princípiode garantir a segurança alimentar (AU).

Introduction:The arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic affected directly the food planning of municipal, state and other institutions, including the meals offered by the popular restaurant program, which is important in guaranteeing the food security of the vulnerablepopulation. Objective: To qualitatively evaluate the preparations of the lunch menu at Restaurante Popular in the municipality of Santa Cruz-Rio Grande do Norteand the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic scenario.Methodology:To this, the menus for the months of March, April, May, August and September 2021 were evaluated by the methodqualitative evaluation of menu preparations. Furthermore, through the adaptation of the methodaformentioned, preparations were designated according to the recommendations for type of processing following the Food Guide for the Brazilian population.Results:A low supply of fruits and leafy vegetables was identified, high supply of fatty and sweet meats, regular supply of preparations rich in sulfur and the same colors. However, regarding the frying and the frying + sweet combination, it was presented in just one daythe week(n=109).Moreover, in the last two months of analysis there was an increase in the supply of hardwoods, decrease in monotony,foods rich in sulfur and sweets, and even, preparations in natura or minimally processed + processed foods were presentsevery day. Conclusions:With the use of the method studied it waspossible to adjust the menufor the analyzed periodto offer qualityto diners. It should the increase in the supply of in natura and minimally processed foods stands out with the adaptation and progression of the reduction of COVID-19cases.It is expected that improvements and adjustments will be madethe menus,given the need to be more emphatic in its principleof ensuring food safety (AU).

ntroducción: La llegada de la pandemia del COVID-19 afectó directamente la planificación alimentaria de las instituciones municipales, estatales y otras, incluyendo las comidas que ofrece el programa de restaurantes populares, importante para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria de la población más vulnerable. Objetivo:Evaluar cualitativamente las preparaciones del menú del almuerzo en el Restaurante Popular del municipio de Santa Cruz-Rio Grande do Nortey los impactos del escenario de pandemia del COVID-19.Metodología:Para ello, se evaluaron los menús de los meses de marzo, abril, mayo, agosto y septiembre de 2021 por el método evaluación cualitativa de la elaboración de menús. Además, al adaptar el métodocitado, las preparaciones fueron designadas de acuerdo con las recomendaciones del tipo de procesamiento según la Guía de Alimentos para la población brasileña.Resultados: Se identificó una baja oferta de frutas y hortalizas de hoja, alta oferta de carnes grasas y dulces, regular oferta de preparaciones ricasen azufre y los mismos colores,aún,en cuanto a la fritura y la combinación fritura + dulce, se presentó en un solo díade lasemana(n=109). Además, en los últimos dos meses de análisishubo un aumento en la oferta de maderas duras, una disminución de la monotonía, alimentos ricos en azufre y dulces, y aun, las preparaciones con alimentos in natura o mínimamente procesados + procesados presentes todos los días. Conclusiones: Con el uso del método estudió fueposible identificar ajustes en el menúpara el período analizado, con el fin de ofrecer calidad a los comensales. Cabe señalar que se observó que con la adaptación y reducción delcasosCOVID-19, hubo un aumento en la oferta de productos in natura y mínimamente procesados. Se espera que se realicenmejoras y ajustesa los menús, dada las necesidades más enfáticasen su principiode garantizar la seguridad alimentaria (AU).

Stance4Health Nutritional APP: A Path to Personalized Smart Nutrition.

Access to good nutritional health is one of the principal objectives of current society. Several e-services offer dietary advice. However, multifactorial and more individualized nutritional recommendations should be developed to recommend healthy menus according to the specific user's needs. In this article, we present and validate a personalized nutrition system based on an application (APP) for smart devices with the capacity to offer an adaptable menu to the user. The APP was developed following a structured recommendation generation scheme, where the characteristics of the menus of 20 users were evaluated. Specific menus were generated for each user based on their preferences and nutritional requirements. These menus were evaluated by comparing their nutritional content versus the nutrient composition retrieved from dietary records. The generated menus showed great similarity to those obtained from the user dietary records. Furthermore, the generated menus showed less variability in micronutrient amounts and higher concentrations than the menus from the user records. The macronutrient deviations were also corrected in the generated menus, offering a better adaptation to the users. The presented system is a good tool for the generation of menus that are adapted to the user characteristics and a starting point to nutritional interventions.

Food prescription pilots: feasibility, acceptability and affordability of improving diet through menu planning and grocery delivery.

BACKGROUND: Lack of adherence is a primary reason people fail to maintain a healthy diet or lose weight. Multiple environmental factors, including aggressive marketing and convenience of nutrient-poor food, undermine people's best intentions. The aim was to assess the feasibility, acceptability and impact of food prescriptions in which participants' exposure to commercial food outlets is reduced, because the groceries are delivered with weekly menu plans and recipes. METHODS: This is a series of pre-post pilot proof-of-concept studies. We recruited 37 members of Kaiser Permanente interested in improving their diet or losing weight. Weekly meal plans meeting more than 90% of recommended dietary allowances were designed to be low cost, in line with Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) allowances. Five separate pilots targeted different populations. Participants were required to provide 24-h dietary recalls (ASA24) before and during the interventions. Weight management pilot participants had height, weight and blood pressure measured before and after 4-week pilots and followed sustainability guidelines, limiting meat and dairy. RESULTS: Across pilots, the healthy eating index improved (+21.1 points; 95% CI [confidence interval] 15.9, 26.3). For the weight management pilots, most participants lost weight (average 10.3 lbs for men, 5.7 lbs for women; 95% CI -10.2, -5.4). The majority of participants liked the programme and considered it the easiest weight loss programme they ever tried. CONCLUSIONS: These pilots suggest that meal planning and grocery delivery can be affordable and acceptable and could ultimately have a major impact on diet-related chronic diseases. Longer-term studies are needed to confirm how long compliance will endure.

Recetario nutritivo para niñas y niños de 6 a 23 meses / Nutritious recipes for girls and boys from 6 to 23 months

La presente publicación trata sobre recetas nutritivas para niños menores de 1 año, en cada cartilla está la receta y la preparación, además cuenta con una pequeña tabla sobre el aporte nutricional de cada receta. Cabe indicar que dichas recetas fueron elaboradas tomando en cuenta un diagnóstico previo recogido en hogares y en mercados locales, a fin de conocer la disponibilidad, el acceso, así como los atributos positivos y negativos que las madres asignan a los alimentos que incorporan en la alimentación infantil. Cada una de las recetas ha pasado por un proceso de validación a nivel de hogares donde las madres han elaborado sus preparaciones según los alimentos disponibles localmente y con gran valor nutricional, bajo la asesoría de profesionales nutricionistas, proponiendo mejorar o crear nuevas recetas

Campanha Um dia sem carne na alimentação escolar de Barueri e seus impactos / "Um dia sem carne na alimentação escolar" campaign in Barueri and its impacts

Introdução. Sabe-se que nos últimos anos o consumo de carne vermelha pelo brasileiro vem aumentando gradativamente e que o seu consumo excessivo está relacionado a impactos negativos na saúde humana e no meio ambiente. O incentivo a dietas sustentáveis, com menor consumo de carne, em ambientes institucionais como escolas, refeitórios e hospitais pode contribuir positivamente em diversos aspectos. Nesse contexto, o ambiente escolar é um cenário oportuno para estabelecimento das bases de uma alimentação adequada e saudável, pois os alunos estão em processo de crescimento físico e de formação de seus conceitos, conhecimentos e hábitos alimentares. Objetivo. Sendo assim, o presente estudo consiste na avaliação do impacto nutricional, econômico e ambiental de uma possível implantação de um cardápio mensal para campanha Um Dia Sem Carne na Alimentação Escolar da cidade de Barueri-SP, de maneira comparativa com um cardápio utilizado. Metodologia. O cardápio proposto para a campanha foi baseado em cardápios executados pela Prefeitura de Barueri-SP, mas com troca da preparação proteica de origem animal por uma preparação proteica de origem vegetal, em quatro dos vinte dias que compõem o mês. As preparações têm leguminosas como ingrediente principal e foram escolhidas com base em preparações utilizadas em projetos semelhantes. O novo cardápio proposto foi comparado com o tradicional, com o intuito de identificar e avaliar os possíveis impactos ambientais (emissão de gases de efeito estufa, uso de água, uso de terra, eutrofização), econômicos (preço) e nutricional de forma qualitativa e quantitativa, por meio do IQ COSAN e composição nutricional (energia, macronutrientes, vitamina A, vitamina C, ferro e cálcio). Resultados. Verificou-se que os quatro dias de cardápio modificado gerou menor impacto ambiental per capita relacionado aos valores de uso da terra, emissão de gases de efeito estufa e eutrofização, além de ofertar maiores quantidades de fibras e menores quantidades de colesterol. Observou-se também que a inserção de quatro dias sem carne no cardápio mensal, produziu um menor impacto ambiental absoluto, sem interferir na oferta nutricional e nos gastos públicos. Conclusão. Cardápios sem alimentos de origem animal em um dia na semana não comprometem as necessidades nutricionais dos estudantes, gerando menor impacto ambiental e sem interferir nos gastos públicos. Assim, a implementação de cardápios escolares sem carne uma vez na semana pode ser saudável e sustentável.

Introduction. It is known that in recent years the consumption of red meat by Brazilians has been gradually increasing and that excessive consumption is related to negative impacts on human health and the environment. Encouraging sustainable diets, with less meat consumption, in institutional places such as schools, dining halls and hospitals can contribute positively in several ways. In this context, the school environment is an opportune scenario for establishing the foundations of an adequate and healthy diet, because students are in the process of physical growth and formation of their concepts, knowledge and eating habits. Objective. Therefore, the present study consists in evaluating the nutritional, economic and environmental impact of a possible implementation of a monthly menu for the "Um Dia Sem Carne na Alimentação Escolar" campaign in the city of Barueri-SP, brig-in a comparative way with a menu already used. Methodology. The menu proposed for the campaign was based on menus already implemented by the public administration of Barueri-SP, but with a substitution of the animal protein preparation for a plant-based protein preparation, on four of the twenty days that make up the month. The preparations have legumes as the main ingredient and were chosen based on preparations already used in similar projects. The new proposed menu was compared with the traditional one, in order to identify and evaluate the possible environmental impacts (emission of greenhouse gasses, water use, land use, eutrophication), economic (price) and nutritional impacts in a qualitative and quantitative ways, through IQ COSAN and nutritional composition (energy, macronutrients, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron and calcium). Results. It was found that the four days of the modified menu generated a lower per capita environmental impact related to land use, greenhouse gas emissions, and eutrophication, in addition to offering higher amounts of fiber and lower amounts of cholesterol. It was also observed that the inclusion of four meatless days in the monthly menu resulted in a lower absolute environmental impact without interfering with nutritional supply and public expenditure. Conclusion. Menus without animal-derived foods for one day a week do not compromise the nutritional needs of students, resulting in a lower environmental impact and without interfering with public expenditure. Therefore, the implementation of meatless school menus once a week can be both healthy and sustainable.

Diseño y validación de una lista de intercambio de alimentos peruanos para la confección de dietas y planificación de menús / Design and validation of a peruvian food exchange list for meal planning

Objetivo: La finalidad del estudio fue diseñar y validar una lista de intercambio de alimentos peruanos (LIA) para la confección de dietas y planificación de menús. Material y métodos: Se tomó como base la metodología para diseñar listas de intercambio descrita en trabajos previos, desarrollándose en seis fases realizadas en múltiples intervenciones en laboratorio, en donde se evaluaron 273 alimentos, que fueron estudiados a través de un análisis descriptivo cualitativo. Se realizó una validación con 12 nutricionistas que elaboraron un plan nutricional y luego se comparó la composición nutricional obtenida usando la tabla peruana de composición de alimentos 2017 (TPCA) con la composición nutricional aplicando LIA. Para la comparación de métodos se aplicó la prueba de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Se elaboró una lista de intercambio de alimentos peruanos (LIA) que incluyó 273 alimentos categorizados en siete grupos de intercambio. Se estimó la media del aporte de energía y macronutrientes por cada grupo de intercambio y se compiló un álbum fotográfico con las porciones de intercambio. Respecto a la validación de la LIA, en la comparación de la cantidad de energía, carbohidratos, proteínas y grasas de los planes alimentarios usando TPCA versus LIA no se encontraron diferencias significativas. Conclusión: Se obtuvo una LIA válida que permite la confección y planificación de dietas de forma eficiente, dentro de un margen de error adecuado, se recomiendan nuevos estudios que incorporen otras poblaciones más específicas y nuevos alimentos.(AU)

Objective: The purpose of the study was to design andvalidate a Peruvian food portions exchange list (LIA) for thepreparation of diets and menu planning. Methodology: The methodology for designing exchangelists described in previous studies was used as a basis, devel-oped in six phases carried out in multiple laboratory interven-tions, where 273 foods were evaluated and studied through aqualitative descriptive analysis. A validation was performedwith 12 nutritionists who elaborated a nutritional plan andthen the nutritional composition obtained using the Peruviantable of food composition 2017 (TPCA) was compared withthe nutritional composition applying LIA. For the comparisonof methods, the Wilcoxon test was applied. Results: A Peruvian food exchange list (LIA) was devel-oped that included 273 foods categorized into seven ex-change groups. The mean energy and macronutrient intakefor each exchange group was estimated and a photographicalbum was compiled with the exchange portions. Regardingthe validation of the LIA, in the comparison of the amount ofenergy, carbohydrates, proteins and fats of the meal plans us-ing TPCA versus LIA no significant differences were found. Conclusion: A valid LIA was obtained that allows thepreparation and planning of diets in an efficient way, withinan adequate margin of error, new studies incorporating othermore specific populations and new foods are recommended.(AU)

Comida de verdade 2: como mudar a alimentação de casa?

Comida de verdade - aula 2: Como melhorar a alimentação de casa? Como fazer uma boa lista de compras e manter a despensa e a geladeira sempre abastecidas? Isso é fundamental para garantir uma alimentação baseada em comida de verdade. Acima de tudo, é preciso planejamento. E, nesta aula, você aprende a pensar a comida, incluindo na sua lista de compras alimentos variados e alguns atalhos para facilitar o dia a dia.

Comida de Verdade 4: como posso comer comida de verdade sem gastar mais?

Comida de Verdade - Aula 4: Como posso comer comida de verdade sem gastar mais? Não basta procurar o mercado que tem a melhor promoção. Para cuidar da economia doméstica, você precisa ir além da lista de compras. Pode, por exemplo, ficar de olho nas frutas, legumes e hortaliças da estação. E deve – sempre, sempre, sempre – pensar em como reaproveitar os ingredientes e os preparos. Nós temos uma boa tática para isso nesta aula.

Comida de Verdade 5: como fazer comida de verdade só para mim?

Comida de Verdade - Aula 5: Como fazer comida de verdade só para mim? São muitos os obstáculos na cozinha individual. Mas nesta aula você aprende várias técnicas e descobre que o congelador é um grande aliado para contornar os desafios da cozinha para um. Vai aprender também a evitar o desperdício, variar o sabor e dimensionar a lista de compras

Comida de Verdade 6: como cuidar da alimentação da família?

Aula 6: Como cuidar da alimentação da família? Aprenda a importância de distribuir as tarefas entre todos os integrantes da família, crianças inclusive. Entenda por que respeitar o momento da refeição e comer à mesa, sem distrações, é fundamental na educação alimentar dos pequenos. Nesta aula, também são abordadas as fases da introdução de alimentos para bebês

Comida de Verdade 9: habilidades culinárias

Aula 9: Habilidades culinárias Para ter uma alimentação saudável, é essencial saber cozinhar. Porque, ao mesmo tempo que você ganha intimidade com os ingredientes, equipamentos e utensílios, conquista também uma enorme autonomia. Cozinhar faz bem para a saúde e é libertador. Nesta aula, Rita Lobo ensina os fundamentos da cozinha – mas, olha, mesmo quem já tem alguma prática pode fazer uma boa revisão ou aprender com as dicas dela.