"Ortoglossopelveplastia" e o algoritmo de sua utilização na sequência de Pierre-Robin / "Orthoglossopelveplasty" and the algorithm for its use in the Pierre Robin sequence

Introdução: Muitos pacientes portadores de sequência de Pierre Robin (micrognatia, glossoptose e obstrução de via aérea) apresentam o músculo genioglosso alterado, encurtado e retrátil, que impede a protração lingual, mantendo a parte anterior da língua verticalizada e seu volume deslocado em direção posterior. Isso pode corroborar para obstrução supraglótica, dificuldade alimentar e inversão das forças de estímulo do crescimento do corpo mandibular. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com Pierre Robin tratados entre 2012 e 2017 pela equipe, com descrição da "ortoglossopelveplastia", que propõe uma modificação na glossopexia, soltando o genioglosso anômalo da sua inserção, liberando a língua para elevar seu terço anterior e avançar o volume de sua base, sendo auxiliada por ponto de tração da base lingual à sínfise mandibular. Apresentamos um algoritmo de tratamento proposto que prioriza a necessidade desta cirurgia, associada ou não à distração mandibular, de acordo com a gravidade da dificuldade respiratória e/ou alimentar. Resultados: São apresentados 12 casos de obstrução da orofaringe atendidos de 2012 a 2017, discutem-se suas prioridades, a ortoglossopelveplastia e se aplica o algoritmo proposto. Conclusão: A reorganização anatômica da musculatura em uma posição anteriorizada correta proporciona protração e funcionalidade à língua, com desobstrução da via aérea na orofaringe, melhora da função alimentar e do desenvolvimento mandibular, com baixa morbidade cirúrgica e poucas complicações.

Introduction: Several patients with the Pierre Robin sequence (micrognathia, glossoptosis, and airway obstruction) have an altered, shortened, and retractable genioglossus muscle that prevents protraction of the tongue and keeps the anterior part of the tongue vertical and its volume posteriorly displaced. This can contribute to supraglottic obstruction, feeding difficulty, and inversion of the growth stimulation forces of the mandibular body. Methods: A retrospective study of patients with the Pierre Robin sequence treated between 2012 and 2017 with "orthoglossopelveplasty," which includes modification of glossopexy, releasing the anomalous genioglossus of its insertion and releasing the tongue to raise its anterior third and advance the volume of its base using a traction suture of the tongue base to the mandible symphysis. We present a treatment algorithm that prioritizes the need for surgery associated, or not, with mandibular distraction in accordance with respiratory and/or feeding difficulty severity. Results: Twelve cases of oropharyngeal obstruction treated from 2012 to 2017 are presented, their priorities and orthoglossopleoplasty are discussed, and the proposed algorithm is applied. Conclusion: Anatomical reorganization of the musculature in a correct anterior position provides protraction and functionality to the tongue, clears the airway in the oropharynx, and improves the feeding function and mandibular development, with low surgical morbidity rates and few complications.

Diagnóstico tardio de síndrome de DiGeorge em criança hipocalcêmica: relato de caso / Late diagnosis of DiGeorge syndrome in hypocalcemic child: case report

A Síndrome de DiGeorge (SDG) decorre de uma microdeleção 22q11.2, sendo considerada uma das microdeleções mais frequentes em humanos. Caracteriza-se por espectro fenotípico bastante amplo, incluindo dificuldade de aprendizado, fácies dismórfica, anomalias cardíacas, hipocalcemia, hipoparatireoidismo, fenda palatina, anomalias do timo, insuficiência imunológica e problemas de fala e alimentação. Contudo, nenhum achado é patognomônico ou mesmo obrigatório. Este relato de caso pretende chamar a atenção para essa síndrome como causa potencial de hipocalcemia e convulsões hipocalcêmicas mesmo após o período neonatal. Reporta-se a história clinico-laboratorial e manejo de um menino de 12 anos, diagnosticado aos sete com SDG em decorrência de facies típica e crise convulsiva hipocalcêmica. O paciente apresentava diagnóstico prévio de transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade, atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e fácies suspeita (micrognatia, orelhas de implantação baixa, hipertelorismo, nariz angular). A hipocalcemia que deflagrou a crise convulsiva foi secundária ao hipoparatireoidismo, sendo tratado com carbonato de cálcio e calcitriol. Houve melhora clínica, porém se manteve hipocalcêmico, apesar de dose otimizada da medicação. O caso é atípico, já que o diagnóstico de SDG foi feito tardiamente, visto que a maioria dos casos é diagnosticada no período neonatal. Além disso, o quadro demonstra a variabilidade de achados clínicos que podem ser encontrados nessa síndrome e a importância de se investigar a SDG em pacientes que apresentem hipocalcemia, mesmo em idades mais avançadas. Salienta-se que o diagnostico tem relevância na implicação dos cuidados à saúde, devido aos riscos imunológicos e cardiológicos apresentados pelos pacientes portadores, devendo ser realizado o mais precocemente possível.(AU)

The DiGeorge Syndrome (DGS) stems from a 22q11.2 microdeletion and is considered one of the most frequent microdeletions in humans. It is characterized by very wide phenotypic spectrum, including learning disability, dysmorphicfacies, cardiac abnormalities, hypocalcemia, hypoparathyroidism, cleft palate, thymus abnormalities, immune impairment and speech and feeding problems. However, any finding is pathognomonic or even mandatory. This case report aims to draw attention to this syndrome as a potential cause of hypocalcemia and hypocalcemic seizures even after the neonatal period. Refers to clinical and laboratory history and management of a boy of 12, diagnosed at 07 with DGS due to typical facies and hypocalcemic seizure. The patient had a previous diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, developmental delay and suspected facies (micrognathia, low-set ears, hypertelorism, angular nose). Hypocalcemia that triggered the seizure was secondary to hypoparathyroidism, being treated with calcium carbon- ate and calcitriol. There was clinical improvement, but hypocalcemic remained despite optimal medication dose. The case is atypical, since the diagnosis DGS was made later, as the majority of cases are diagnosed in the neonatal period. In addition, the table shows the variability of clinical findings that can be found in this syndrome and the importance of investigating the DGS in patients who have hypocalcaemia, even at older ages. Please note that the diagnosis is relevant in the involvement of health care due to immunological and cardiac risks posed by patients and should be done as early as possible.(AU)

Orthodontic-surgical treatment of Class III malocclusion with mandibular asymmetry.

Class III skeletal malocclusion may present several etiologies, among which maxillary deficiency is the most frequent. Bone discrepancy may have an unfavorable impact on esthetics, which is frequently aggravated by the presence of accentuated facial asymmetries. This type of malocclusion is usually treated with association of Orthodontics and orthognathic surgery for correction of occlusion and facial esthetics. This report presents the treatment of a patient aged 15 years and 1 month with Class III skeletal malocclusion, having narrow maxilla, posterior open bite on the left side, anterior crossbite and unilateral posterior crossbite, accentuated negative dentoalveolar discrepancy in the maxillary arch, and maxillary and mandibular midline shift. Clinical examination also revealed maxillary hypoplasia, increased lower one third of the face, concave bone and facial profiles and facial asymmetry with mandibular deviation to the left side. The treatment was performed in three phases: presurgical orthodontic preparation, orthognathic surgery and orthodontic finishing. In reviewing the patient's final records, the major goals set at the beginning of treatment were successfully achieved, providing the patient with adequate masticatory function and pleasant facial esthetics.

Orthodontic-surgical treatment of class III malocclusion with mandibular asymmetry

Class III skeletal malocclusion may present several etiologies, among which maxillary deficiency is the most frequent. Bone discrepancy may have an unfavorable impact on esthetics, which is frequently aggravated by the presence of accentuated facial asymmetries. This type of malocclusion is usually treated with association of Orthodontics and orthognathic surgery for correction of occlusion and facial esthetics. This report presents the treatment of a patient aged 15 years and 1 month with Class III skeletal malocclusion, having narrow maxilla, posterior open bite on the left side, anterior crossbite and unilateral posterior crossbite, accentuated negative dentoalveolar discrepancy in the maxillary arch, and maxillary and mandibular midline shift. Clinical examination also revealed maxillary hypoplasia, increased lower one third of the face, concave bone and facial profiles and facial asymmetry with mandibular deviation to the left side. The treatment was performed in three phases: presurgical orthodontic preparation, orthognathic surgery and orthodontic finishing. In reviewing the patient's final records, the major goals set at the beginning of treatment were successfully achieved, providing the patient with adequate masticatory function and pleasant facial esthetics.

A maloclusão esquelética de Classe III pode apresentar diversas etiologias, sendo a deficiência maxilar a mais frequente. Discrepâncias esqueléticas podem ter impacto estético desfavorável, muitas vezes agravadas pela presença de assimetrias faciais acentuadas. Este tipo de maloclusão é geralmente tratado com a associação de Ortodontia e cirurgia ortognática para a correção da oclusão e da estética facial. Este relato de caso apresenta o tratamento de um paciente com 15 anos e 1 mês de idade, com maloclusão esquelética de Classe III, atresia maxilar, mordida aberta posterior do lado esquerdo, mordida cruzada anterior e mordida cruzada posterior unilateral, acentuada discrepância dento-alveolar negativa acentuada no arco maxilar e desvios das linhas médias superior e inferior. Ao exame clínico o paciente também apresentava deficiência maxilar, aumento do terço inferior da face, perfil ósseo e facial côncavos e assimetria facial, com desvio da mandíbula para o lado esquerdo. O tratamento foi realizado em três fases: preparo ortodôntico pré-cirúrgico, cirurgia ortognática e finalização ortodôntica. Analisando os registros finais do paciente, os principais objetivos estabelecidos ao início do tratamento foram alcançados com sucesso, promovendo ao paciente adequada função mastigatória e estética facial agradável.

Enamel microabrasion in an individual with Cohen syndrome.

This case report describes the esthetic dental treatment of a patient with Cohen syndrome where microabrasion was used to treat dental fluorosis. The patient's teeth had white and light yellow spots, which were diagnosed as moderate dental fluorosis. These spots were treated with microabrasion using pumice paste and 37% phosphoric acid. The paste was applied with a rubber cup on a low-speed handpiece and manually using a wooden stick. It took four appointments to treat all of the patient's teeth. Topical neutral fluoride was applied after each appointment to decrease any dental sensitivity. The esthetic result was satisfactory. Esthetic dental treatment may result in positive emotional and behavioral changes in patients with special needs.

Dental findings and muscular-skeletal features in Schwartz-Jampel syndrome: case report of two affected siblings.

Schwartz-Jampel syndrome (SJS) is a rare, inherited disorder defined by myotonia, skeletal malformations, muscular stiffness, and growth retardation. The clinical signs and symptoms of SJS are seen in the maxillofacial region. The combination of skeletal and muscular abnormalities predisposes affected individuals to a number of primary and secondary orodental manifestations. Although several studies have discussed the clinical features of SJS from a medical perspective, few reports have addressed the oral findings or dental treatment in children and adolescents with the disorder. This article reviews the dental manifestations and impairments of Schwartz-Jampel syndrome. The case histories of two siblings diagnosed with this disorder are described as well as their dental care.

Choanal atresia and associated multiple anomalies.

Seventeen unrelated patients with multiple anomalies of unknown etiology were identified by the presence of choanal atresia. A regularly recurring pattern of associated features involving mental retardation, postnatal growth deficiency, hypogenitalism (males), small ears, cardiac defects, micrognathia, postnatal microcephaly, and ocular coloboma was identified. Choanal atresia when accompanied by multiple anomalies of unknown etiology has a serious prognosis with a predictable pattern of associated defects.