Asunto(s)
Alergia e Inmunología/historia , Presentación de Antígeno/inmunología , Autotolerancia/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Animales , Autoantígenos/historia , Hemoglobinas/historia , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Muramidasa/historia , Fragmentos de Péptidos/historia , Sociedades Médicas , Estados UnidosAsunto(s)
Antígenos/historia , Antígenos/metabolismo , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase II/historia , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase II/metabolismo , Muramidasa/historia , Muramidasa/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Péptidos/historia , Fragmentos de Péptidos/metabolismo , Animales , Historia del Siglo XX , Ratones , Muramidasa/inmunología , Fragmentos de Péptidos/inmunología , Unión Proteica/inmunologíaRESUMEN
I have pursued research on lysozymes for 42 years. During that time, I made Several new findings, some of them by chance. My enjoyment of the following areas is reviewed: the story of tryptophan; protease digestion mechanisms; peptide mapping with RP-HPLC; gene engineering; renaturation of protein; catalytic residues; fluctuation and function; stabilization; folding; antigenecity; tolerance; and various lysozymes.
Asunto(s)
Muramidasa , Animales , Catálisis , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Endopeptidasas , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Japón , Muramidasa/química , Muramidasa/historia , Mapeo Peptídico/métodos , Ingeniería de Proteínas , Pliegue de Proteína , Renaturación de Proteína , Proteínas/metabolismo , TriptófanoAsunto(s)
Proteínas/historia , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray/historia , Animales , Pollos , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XX , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética/historia , Muramidasa/química , Muramidasa/historia , Muramidasa/metabolismo , Proteínas/química , Proteínas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in September 1928, the most likely date being Monday 3 September on his return from holiday in Suffolk. This discovery has attracted more myths and misinformation than probably any other in the history of medicine.
Asunto(s)
Penicilinas/historia , Inglaterra , Historia del Siglo XX , Hospitales Religiosos/historia , Muramidasa/historiaAsunto(s)
Antibacterianos/historia , Antineoplásicos/historia , Interferones/historia , Muramidasa/historia , Prodigiozán/historia , Animales , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Antivirales/historia , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Quimioterapia Combinada/historia , Quimioterapia Combinada/uso terapéutico , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Interferones/uso terapéutico , Muramidasa/uso terapéutico , Prodigiozán/aislamiento & purificación , Prodigiozán/uso terapéutico , Investigación/historiaRESUMEN
Lysozyme, a bacteriolytic protein discovered by Fleming in 1922 and found to be phylogenetically ancient and almost ubiquitous among living organisms, is probably the most studied enzyme in biology and medicine. Evidence of its involvement in resistance to bacterial infection is compelling but remains indirect. Muramyl peptides (fragments of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan) exert many effects on the immune system and the CNS, and appear to contribute to non-specific resistance to infection, fever, fatigue, and the pathogenesis of bacterial infection. Synthetic muramyl peptide analogues are currently used as adjuvants in vaccine trials in humans. Several pathological conditions are associated with changes in lysozyme concentrations, and egg-white lysozyme treatment has been tried on a small scale. With the cloning of the human lysozyme gene in yeast cells the enzyme can now be produced on a large scale, which will enable its therapeutic applications to be evaluated.