Mapeamento da produção artístico-acadêmica de Dança nos programas brasileiros de pós-graduação em Artes: um olhar sobre os métodos de investigação / Mapping the artistic-academic production of Dance in brazilian postgraduate Arts programs: a look at research methods / Mapeo de la producción artístico-académica de la Danza en los programas de posgrado en Arte brasileños: una mirada a los métodos de investigación

Este artigo teve como objetivo identificar a localidade da Dança nos métodos de pesquisa das teses e dissertações, produzidas entre 2016-2020, nos programas de pós-graduação em Artes no Brasil. O percurso metodológico, de caráter descritivo, se deu a partir da observação da lógica adotada na organização das investigações (produção de uma performance, distanciamento para teorizar, utilização para fins dedutivos) e classificou a localidade da Dança como: (a) produção e interpretação dos dados; (b) objeto; (c) experimento. O estudo constatou que a maior parte dos trabalhos, de acordo com o período levantado, localizam a Dança nos seus percursos metodológicos como objeto de estudo. Apesar da busca por um caminho do exercício de observação e teorização, percebe-se que existe um amplo leque de possibilidades de experimentações, desdobramentos, especulações e conjecturas sobre o lugar da Dança nos métodos de pesquisas brasileiros (AU).

This article aimed to identify the location of Dance in the research methods of theses and dissertations, produced bet-ween 2016-2020, in postgraduate programs in Arts in Brazil. The methodological course, of a descriptive character, was based on the observation of the logic adopted in the organization of investi-gations (production of a performance, distance to theorize, use for deductive purposes) and classified the locality of Dance as: (a) pro-duction and interpretation of the data; (b) object; (c) experiment. The study found that most of the works, according to the period surveyed, locate Dance in their methodological paths as an object of study. Despite the search for a way of exercising observation and theorization, it is clear that there is a wide range of possibili-ties for experimentation, developments, speculations and conjec-tures about the place of Dance in Brazilian research methods (AU).

Este artículo tuvo como objetivo identificar la ubica-ción de la Danza en los métodos de investigación de tesis y diserta-ciones, producidas entre 2016-2020, en programas de posgrado en Artes en Brasil. El curso metodológico, de carácter descriptivo, se basó en la observación de la lógica adoptada en la organización de las investigaciones (producción de un espectáculo, distancia para teorizar, uso con fines deductivos) y clasificó la localidad de Danza como: (a) producción e interpretación de los datos; (b) objeto; (c) experimento. El estudio constató que la mayoría de los trabajos, egún el período relevado, ubican a la Danza en sus trayectos me-todológicos como objeto de estudio. A pesar de la búsqueda de una forma de ejercer la observación y la teorización, es claro que existe una amplia gama de posibilidades de experimentación, de-sarrollos, especulaciones y conjeturas sobre el lugar de la Danza en los métodos de investigación brasileños (AU).

Os desamparos da maternidade em um contexto de vulnerabilidade social / The helplessness of motherhood in a context of social vulnerability / El desamparo de la maternidade en un contexto de vulnerabilidad social

Algumas mães, mesmo acompanhadas de um parceiro, desempenham solitariamente múltiplos papéis, cuidando da rotina de casa, do trabalho e, precariamente, de si mesmas. Com o objetivo de discutir a maternidade em um contexto de vulnerabilidade e suas implicações no estabelecimento da relação mãe e filhos, a partir de um caso, utilizou-se um método observacional psicanalítico inspirado no Método Bick de Observação, sendo uma pesquisa qualitativa. As observações foram realizadas considerando os três tempos: observação semanal, no mesmo dia e hora; relato da observação, de forma descritiva e implicada; e, seminário de supervisão, para discussão das observações. Evidenciou-se o desamparo sentido por essa mulher-mãe que, apesar da presença da família e do esposo, não recebia o apoio necessário. Sua exaustão, oriunda do desamparo, resultava em perda de controle emocional em relação aos filhos. Ressalta-se o valor do Método Bick de Observação ao possibilitar um olhar sensível à maternidade

Some mothers, even when joined by a partner, end up playing multiple roles alone, taking care of the household chores, their work lives and, precariously, of themselves. In order to discuss motherhood in a context of vulnerability and its implications in the establishing of the relationship between a mother and her children, based on a specific case, an psychoanalytic observational method inspired by the Bick Method of Observation was employed, being a qualitative research. The observations were carried out considering three tempos: weekly observation, on the same day and time; observation report, in an involved and descriptive way; and supervision seminar, to discuss the observations. It was made evident the helplessness experienced by this woman-mother, who, despite the presence of her husband and family, did not receive the necessary support. Her exhaustion, stemming from this helplessness, resulted in a loss of emotional control over her children. The value of the Bick Observation Method is highlighted, as it enables a sensitive outlook towards motherhood

Algunas madres, incluso las acompañadas de pareja, desempeñan múltiples papeles solas, cuidando la rutina de la casa, el trabajo y, precariamente, ellas mismas. Para discutir la maternidad en un contexto de vulnerabilidad y sus implicaciones para el establecimiento de la relación entre las madres y sus hijos, a partir de un caso, se utilizó un método observacional psicoanalítico inspirado en el Método de Observación Bick, haciendo de esta una investigación cualitativa. Las observaciones se realizaron considerando los tres tiempos: observación semanal, en el mismo día y hora; informe de la observación, de forma descriptiva y implícita; y, seminario de supervisión, para discutir las observaciones. Se hizo evidente el desamparo que siente esta mujer-madre, quien, a pesar de la presencia de su familia y esposo, no recibe el apoyo necesario. Su agotamiento, derivado del desamparo, resultó en una pérdida del control emocional sobre sus hijos. Se destaca el valor del método de observación de Bick, que permite una mirada sensible a la maternidad

Efeito da padronização dos critérios de observação e de avaliação da técnica da braça do nado crawl na confiabilidade inter e intra avaliadores / Effect of standardizing observation and rating criteria for the front crawl stroke technique on inter- and intra-rater reliability

RESUMO Esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da padronização dos critérios de observação e de avaliação da técnica da braçada do nado crawl na confiabilidade inter e intra avaliadores para uma proposta de lista de observação. Dois professores e dois treinadores de natação competitiva com formação acadêmica diferentes foram responsáveis por avaliar a técnica da braçada do nado crawl de 44 nadadores por meio de vídeo. Cada nadador realizou um percurso de 25m em velocidade confortável tendo seu deslocamento gravado nos planos lateral e frontal, ambos submersos e fora d'água, nos 10 m finais da piscina. No percurso de filmagem os nadadores não realizaram a respiração lateral. Somente o movimento realizado pelo braço direito foi foco de observação dos avaliadores e com base em uma lista de verificação. Após as filmagens os avaliadores participaram de três etapas: na primeira etapa houve uma intervenção para padronização dos critérios de observação e de avaliação. Na segunda etapa testou-se a concordância inter-avaliadores e, na terceira, a concordância intra-avaliador. Na segunda etapa do estudo a concordância variou de pequeno a baixa (k=0,08 e k=0,38). Na terceira etapa alguns avaliadores apresentaram concordância pobre e baixa (k=-0,13 e k=0,35), enquanto outros apresentaram concordância entre razoável e praticamente perfeita (k=0,64 e k=0,87). A partir dos resultados apresentados concluiu-se que a proposta de intervenção não surtiu o efeito desejado de padronização dos critérios de observação e avaliação entre os avaliadores.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the effect of standardizing observation and rating criteria for the front crawl stroke technique on inter- and intra-rater reliability in order to propose an observation list. Two teachers and two competitive swimming coaches with different academic backgrounds were responsible for evaluating the front crawl stroke technique of 44 swimmers using video. Each swimmer completed a 25m course at a comfortable speed, having their displacement recorded in the lateral and frontal planes, both submerged and out of water, in the final 10 m of the pool. Throughout the recording, the swimmers did not breath laterally. Only the movement performed by the right arm was the raters' focus of observation and was based on a checklist. After the shooting, the raters participated in three stages: in the first stage, there was an intervention to standardize the observation and rating criteria; inter-rater agreement was tested in the second stage, while intra-rater agreement was obtained in the third. In the second stage of the study, the agreement ranged from small to low (k=0.08 and k=0.38). In the third stage, some raters showed poor and low agreement (k=-0.13 and k=0.35), while others showed agreement between reasonable and virtually perfect (k=0.64 and k=0.87). From the results presented, it was concluded that the intervention proposal did not have the desired effect of standardizing the observation and rating criteria among the raters.

Uso del método de observación: una propuesta de aplicación al análisis de estrategias de resolución de problemas en niños con discapacidad / Use of observational method: a proposal for application to the analysis of problem-solving strategies in children with disabilities

El presente trabajo se ocupa de evaluar posibilidades del método de observación aplicado al análisis de estrategias de resolución de problemas en niños con discapacidad mediante juegos y tareas estructuradas. El marco teórico de referencia de esta contribución está representado por la teoría de la resolución de problemas, que contiene los principales procesos que intervienen en la gestión de los problemas y que nosotros aplicamos al desarrollo cognitivo y metacognitivo atípico. Junto con tres tareas diferentes estructuradas(Torre de Hanoi, Tetris y Bloques de construcción), usamos dos listas de comportamientos para codificar estrategias de resolución de problemas adoptadas por niños y/o adolescentes con desarrollo atípico. La aplicación de este tipo de observación con el uso de listas de comportamientos podría ser útil para crear en relación entre la investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa para mejorar el conocimiento de las estrategias de resolución de problemas y competencias metacognitivas en niños desarrollados atípicos(AU)

This paper is concerned with evaluating the possibilities of the observational method applied to the analysis of problem-solving strategies in children with disabilities through structured tasks. The theoretical framework of reference for this contribution is represented by the theory of problem-solving, containing the main processes involved in problem management,which we apply to atypical cognitive and metacognitive development. Together with three different structured tasks (Tower of Hanoi, Tetris, and Building Blocks), we used two lists of behaviors to code problem-solving strategies adopted by children and/or adolescents with atypical development. The application of this type of observation with the use of lists of behaviors could be useful to create a link between qualitative and quantitative research to improve the knowledge of problem-solving strategies and metacognitive competencies in atypically developed children(AU)

Agujero Timpánico bilateral. Análisis de caso desde la literatura / Bilateral tympanic hole. Case analysis from the literature

La pared del conducto auditivo externo (CAE) parte de la formación del hueso timpánico; integrándose posteriormente a la porción petrosa del hueso temporal. El agujero timpánico o foramen de Huschke corresponde a un defecto en la osificación en donde existe fusión incompleta de porciones anteriores y posteriores del anillo timpánico dejando una abertura que comunica el CAE hacia anterior. Su presencia es normal hasta los 5 años de edad, tiempo en que se debiese obliterar. Su incidencia es baja (3-24%), pero la persistencia en adulto, conlleva sintomatología inespecífica caracterizada por otalgia, dolor en articulación temporomandibular (ATM), tinnitus, hipoacusia o manifestaciones complejas como descarga salival en CAE durante la masticación. Clínicamente puede complicar procedimientos de infiltración y artroscopias de ATM. Rara vez ocasiona, en pacientes mayores de 50 años, herniación de la cabeza del cóndilo mandibular. Su diagnóstico puede ser clínico por medio de otoscopia, donde se observa protuberancia de tejido en pared anterior del CAE, que aumenta de tamaño con la boca cerrada. También puede ser imagenológico con una tomografía computarizada. El tratamiento incluye desde medidas conservadoras para manejo del dolor e inflamación, hasta quirúrgicas con la implantación de injertos, placas o prótesis para cerrar la estructura o para reemplazar el cóndilo mandibular. El presente estudio pretende aportar incidencia dentro del área de estudio. Se analiza por observación directa, cráneo seco, completo, masculino, edad entre 12 a 15 años (según morfología del cóndilo mandibular y erupción dental). Se observa agujero de Huschke, bilateral, ambos permeables de diámetro 4 mm en ambos casos, determinados con regla milimetrada. La relevancia del defecto se asocia a la práctica clínica de otorrinolaringólogos, cirujanos maxilofaciales y odontólogos, ya sea como diagnóstico diferencial asociado a los síntomas inespecíficos, como para procedimientos más invasivos en la zona tales como infiltraciones o artroscopias de ATM

The wall of the external auditory canal (EAC) starts from the formation of the tympanic bone; later it is integrated to the petrous portion of the temporal bone. The tympanic foramen or foramen of Huschke corresponds to a defect in ossification where there is incomplete fusion of the anterior and posterior portions of the tympanic ring leaving an opening that communicates the EAC to its anterior aspect. Its presence is normal until 5 years of age, when it should be absolutely obliterated. Its incidence is low (3-24%), but its persistence in adults leads to non specific symptoms characterized by otalgia, pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), tinnitus, hearing loss, or complex manifestations such as salivary discharge in the CAE during mastication. Clinically, it may complicate TMJ infiltration and arthroscopy procedures. It rarely causes herniation of the mandibular condyle head in patients older than 50 years. Its diagnosis can be clinical by means of otoscopy, where tissue protrusion is observed in the anterior wall of the CAE, which increases in size when the mouth is closed. It can also be imaging with computed tomography. Treatment includes from conservative measures to treat pain and inflammation, to surgical measures with the implantation of grafts, plates or prosthesis to close the structure or to replace the mandibular condyle. The present study aims to provide incidence within the study area. It is analyzed by direct observation, dry skull, complete, male, age between 12 to 15 years (according to mandibular condyle morphology and dental eruption). Huschke's foramen was observed, bilateral, both permeable, diameter 4mm in both cases, determined with a millimeter ruler. The relevance of the defect is associated with the clinical practice of otolaryngologists, maxillofacial surgeons and dentists, either as a differential diagnosis associated with nonspecific symptoms, or for more invasive procedures in the area such as infiltrations or TMJ arthroscopies.

Ambiente de ensino-aprendizagem na formação inicial universitária / Teaching-learning environment in initial university training in physical education

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the perceptions of university Physical Education students at different progression levels in the programs regarding the teaching-learning environment in the initial training. In total, 273 students (Bachelor's program n = 150; Licentiate program n = 123) from the Licentiate Program in Physical Education of a public university in Santa Catarina, Brazil, participated in this study, responding to the adapted version of the Assessment Questionnaire of the Perceived Environment in the Initial Training in Physical Education. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the associations between the student progression levels in the programs and their perceptions about the initial training environment. The results indicated the predominance of practical classes/experiences and written theoretical evaluations, especially in the initial phases. The infrequent observation experiences and learning through practice or observation were the assumed roles, made evident primarily in the final semesters. Although the students perceived themselves as active regarding their participation levels, they indicated that the professors are the ones responsible for making the decisions. It is concluded that the initial training in Physical Education requires reconfiguring certain teaching-learning practices to increase student involvement and responsibility for their own training process.

RESUMO Objetivou-se analisar as percepções de estudantes universitários de Educação Física em distintos níveis de progressão no curso, sobre o ambiente de ensino-aprendizagem na formação inicial. Participaram 273 estudantes (Bacharelado n=150; Licenciatura n=123) do curso de licenciatura em Educação Física de uma universidade pública de Santa Catarina, Brasil, os quais responderam à versão adaptada do Questionário de Avaliação do Ambiente Percebido da Formação Inicial em Educação Física. O teste Qui-quadrado foi utilizado para analisar as associações entre o nível de progressão discente nos cursos e suas percepções sobre o ambiente de formação inicial. Os resultados indicaram a predominância de aulas/vivências práticas e de avaliações teóricas escritas, especialmente nas fases iniciais. As experiências poucos frequentes de observação, e o aprendizado pela prática ou por observação foi o papel assumido, especialmente evidenciados nos semestres finais. Apesar de os estudantes terem se percebido ativos quanto ao seu nível de participação, indicaram que os professores são os principais responsáveis por tomar as decisões. Conclui-se que a formação inicial em Educação Física necessita reconfigurar determinadas práticas de ensino-aprendizagem para aumentar o envolvimento e a responsabilidade discentes pelo próprio processo formativo.

Tradução e adaptação transcultural da escala preterm infant breastfeeding behavior scale (PIBBS) para profissionais de saúde e breastfeeding diary para mães de prematuros / Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the reterm infant breastfeeding behavior scale (PIBBS) for health professionals and daily breastfeeding for mothers of preterm infants

É notória a importância da amamentação para o recém-nascido pré-termo, levando em consideração seu crescimento e desenvolvimento. Entretanto, a própria imaturidade e fragilidade desse seleto grupo torna-se um grande desafio, pois esse contexto dificulta a amamentação. Para preencher a lacuna com instrumentos para aleitamento materno do pre-termo optou-se por traduzir e adaptar culturalmente a escala Preterm Infant Breastfeeding Behavior Scale (PIBBS) e o Breastfeeding Diary. A escala PIBBS foi desenvolvida em 1996, por duas enfermeiras e um neonatologista da Universidade de Uppasala na Suécia, para a avalição da amamentação em prematuros de 30 a 36 semanas de idade gestacional. Foi baseado na revisão de literatura quanto aos principais sinais para o início da prontidão e sustentada teoricamente a partir da avaliação do comportamento do prematuro (APIB), do Programa de Avaliação e Cuidado do Desenvolvimento Individualizado do Recém-Nascido (NIDCAP). A PIBBS possui três partes: a primeira: escala propriamente dita, a segunda o Diário de Amamentação e o terceiro um manual com definição de termos. A escala PIBBS contém seis itens com uma pontuação atribuída a cada item e o Breastfeeding Diary contém 10 itens. OBJETIVOS: Traduzir, adaptar e validar o conteúdo da escala Preterm Infant Breastfeeding Behavior Scale (PIBBS) para profissionais de saúde e o Breastfeeding Diary para mães de prematuro para a língua Portuguesa no Brasil. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo metodológico cujo processo envolveu as etapas de tradução, adaptação cultural e validação pautado em seis etapas: tradução inicial; síntese das traduções; retrotradução; elaboração da versão pré-final, por um comitê de cinco especialistas; validação do conteúdo da versão pré-final com 11 juízes; pré-teste com 30 mães de recém-nascidos pré-termo internados na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal; análise da validade de conteúdo, segundo Colucci et al (2015 ); e envio da versão traduzida para os autores do instrumento original Beaton et al (2007). A análise dos dados do pré-teste foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva. Em todas as etapas, cumpriram-se os aspectos éticos e legais da pesquisa, aprovada por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa parecer nº 4.376.750, CAAE nº 98373718.0.0000.5238 (Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery) e parecer nº 4.405.672, CAAE nº 98373718.0.3001.5275 (Maternidade Escola da Universisade Federal do Rio de Janeiro). RESULTADOS: A versão final dos instrumentos foi denominada de Escala Comportamental de Amamentação do Prematuro e Diário da Amamentação. A Escala Comportamental de Amamentação do Prematuro alcançou equivalência conceitual e idiomática que variou de 83,3% a 100%. O índice de validade de conteúdo foi de 0,93. O pré-teste da versão pré-final foi realizado com 30 profissionais de saúde. Todos os profissionais de saúde possuem experiência com aleitamento materno e 46,7% tinham mais de 10 anos de experiência profissional. Observou-se ainda que 66,7% (20) dos profissionais de saúde atuam diretamente na assistência, e que 40% (12) possuem experiência anterior com validação de instrumentos. O Diário de amamentação alcançou equivalência conceitual e idiomática que variou de 85,00% a 96,36%. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo/IVC durante o pré-teste foi 0,99. O pré-teste da versão pré-final foi realizado com 30 mães de Rnpt, elas avaliaram o Diário de Amamentação na prática diária e avaliaram o conteúdo com IVC de 0.99. As mães relataram uma compreensão e interação com o Diário de Amamentação. CONCLUSÃO: A Escala Comportamental de Amamentação do Prematuro e o Diário de Amamentação foram traduzidos e adaptados transculturalmente para a realidade brasileira. Após a adaptação e validação pelos profissionais de saúde se mostraram válidos, de fácil aplicação e linguagem de fácil entendimento. Os instrumentos deverão ser testados com amostras maiores e validado quanto as medidas psicométricas para utilização em pesquisas futuras e prática clínica.

The importance of breastfeeding for preterm newborns is notorious, taking into account their growth and development. However, the very immaturity and fragility of this select group becomes a great challenge, as this context makes breastfeeding difficult. To fill the gap with instruments for breastfeeding preterm infants, it was decided to translate and culturally adapt the Preterm Infant Breastfeeding Behavior Scale (PIBBS) and the Breastfeeding Diary. The PIBBS scale was developed in 1996 by two nurses and a neonatologist from the University of Uppasala in Sweden to assess breastfeeding in preterm infants from 30 to 36 weeks of gestational age. It was based on a literature review regarding the main signs for the beginning of readiness and theoretically supported from the assessment of premature behavior (APIB), from the Program for Assessment and Care of Individualized Development of the Newborn (NIDCAP). The PIBBS has three parts: the first: the scale itself, the second the Breastfeeding Diary and the third a manual with definition of terms. The PIBBS scale contains six items with a score assigned to each item and the Breastfeeding Diary contains 10 items. OBJECTIVES: Translate, adapt and validate the content of the Preterm Infant Breastfeeding Behavior Scale (PIBBS) for health professionals and the Breastfeeding Diary for mothers of premature babies into Portuguese in Brazil. METHOD: This is a methodological study whose process involved the stages of translation, cultural adaptation and validation based on six stages: initial translation; synthesis of translations; back translation; preparation of the pre-final version, by a committee of five experts; content validation of the pre-final version with 11 judges; pre-test with 30 mothers of preterm newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit; content validity analysis, according to Colucci et al (2015 ); and sending the translated version to the authors of the original instrument Beaton et al (2007). The analysis of pre-test data was performed using descriptive statistics. At all stages, the ethical and legal aspects of the research were complied with, approved by the Research Ethics Committee, opinion Nº. 4,376,750, CAAE Nº. 98373718.0.0000.5238 (Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery) and opinion Nº. 4,405,672, CAAE No. 98373718.0.3001.5275 (Maternity School of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro). RESULTS: The final version of the instruments was called the Premature Breastfeeding Behavioral Scale and the Breastfeeding Diary. The Preterm Breastfeeding Behavioral Scale reached conceptual and idiomatic equivalence that ranged from 83.3% to 100%. The content validity index was 0.93. The pre-test of the pre-final version was carried out with 30 health professionals. All health professionals have experience with breastfeeding and 46.7% had more than 10 years of professional experience. It was also observed that 66.7% (20) of health professionals work directly in care, and that 40% (12) have previous experience with instrument validation. The Breastfeeding Diary reached conceptual and idiomatic equivalence that ranged from 85.00% to 96.36%. The Content Validity Index/CVI during the pre-test was 0.99. The pre-test of the pre-final version was carried out with 30 mothers of Rnpt, they evaluated the Breastfeeding Diary in daily practice and evaluated the content with a CVI of 0.99. Mothers reported understanding and interaction with the Breastfeeding Diary. CONCLUSION: The Premature Breastfeeding Behavioral Scale and the Breastfeeding Diary were translated and cross-culturally adapted to the Brazilian reality. After adaptation and validation by health professionals, they proved to be valid, easy to apply and easy to understand language. The instruments should be tested with larger samples and validated for psychometric measures for use in future research and clinical practice.

Es notoria la importancia de la lactancia materna para los recién nacidos prematuros, teniendo en cuenta su crecimiento y desarrollo. Sin embargo, la propia inmadurez y fragilidad de este grupo selecto se convierte en un gran desafío, ya que este contexto dificulta la lactancia materna. Para llenar el vacío con instrumentos para amamantar a los bebés prematuros, se decidió traducir y adaptar culturalmente la Escala de Comportamiento de Lactancia Materna del Bebé Pretérmino (PIBBS) y el Diario de Lactancia Materna. La escala PIBBS fue desarrollada en 1996 por dos enfermeras y un neonatólogo de la Universidad de Uppasala en Suecia para evaluar la lactancia materna en bebés prematuros de 30 a 36 semanas de edad gestacional. Se basó en una revisión de la literatura sobre los principales signos de inicio de la disposición y se apoyó teóricamente en la evaluación de la conducta prematura (APIB), del Programa de Evaluación y Atención del Desarrollo Individualizado del Recién Nacido (NIDCAP). El PIBBS tiene tres partes: la primera: la escala propiamente dicha, la segunda el Diario de Lactancia Materna y la tercera un manual con definición de términos. La escala PIBBS contiene seis ítems con un puntaje asignado a cada ítem y el Diario de Lactancia contiene 10 ítems. OBJETIVOS: Traducir, adaptar y validar el contenido de la Escala de Comportamiento de Lactancia Materna del Bebé Prematuro (PIBBS) para profesionales de la salud y el Diario de Lactancia Materna para madres de bebés prematuros al portugués en Brasil. MÉTODO: Se trata de un estudio metodológico cuyo proceso involucró las etapas de traducción, adaptación cultural y validación a partir de seis etapas: traducción inicial; síntesis de traducciones; traducción inversa; elaboración de la versión pre-final, por un comité de cinco expertos; validación de contenido de la versión pre-final con 11 jueces; pretest con 30 madres de recién nacidos prematuros ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales; análisis de validez de contenido, según Colucci et al (2015); y envío de la versión traducida a los autores del instrumento original Beaton et al (2007). El análisis de los datos previos a la prueba se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva. En todas las etapas se cumplió con los aspectos éticos y legales de la investigación, aprobados por el Comité de Ética en Investigación, parecer N° 4.376.750, CAAE N° 98373718.0.0000.5238 (Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery) y parecer N° 4.405.672, CAAE N°. 98373718.0.3001.5275 (Escuela de Maternidad de la Universidad Federal de Rio de Janeiro). RESULTADOS: RESULTADOS: La versión final de los instrumentos se denominó Escala Conductual de Lactancia Materna Prematura y Diario de Lactancia Materna. La Escala Conductual de Lactancia Materna Pretérmino alcanzó una equivalencia conceptual e idiomática que osciló entre 83,3% y 100%. El índice de validez de contenido fue de 0,93. El pretest de la versión prefinal se realizó con 30 profesionales de la salud. Todos los profesionales de la salud tienen experiencia con la lactancia materna y el 46,7% tenía más de 10 años de experiencia profesional. También se observó que el 66,7% (20) de los profesionales de salud actúan directamente en el cuidado, y que el 40% (12) tienen experiencia previa con validación de instrumentos. El Diario de Lactancia Materna alcanzó una equivalencia conceptual e idiomática que osciló entre 85,00% y 96,36%. El índice de validez de contenido/CVI durante la prueba previa fue de 0,99. El pretest de la versión prefinal se realizó con 30 madres de Rnpt, evaluaron el Diario de Lactancia Materna en la práctica diaria y evaluaron el contenido con un CVI de 0,99. Las madres informaron comprensión e interacción con el Diario de Lactancia Materna. CONCLUSIÓN: La Escala Conductual de Lactancia Materna Prematura y el Diario de Lactancia Materna fueron traducidos y adaptados transculturalmente a la realidad brasileña. Después de la adaptación y validación por parte de los profesionales de la salud, demostraron ser válidos, fáciles de aplicar y con un lenguaje fácil de entender. Los instrumentos deben probarse con muestras más grandes y validarse para medidas psicométricas para su uso en futuras investigaciones y prácticas clínicas.

Crawl technique observation sheet for beginning swimmers: an evaluation proposal for swimming teachers

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to present a technical evaluation proposal for the crawl stroke that can be used with large groups of swimmers, based on an observation sheet. Methods: Fifteen healthy university students aged between 18 and 30 years were chosen to participate in the study. The subjects were recorded swimming at a distance of 50 meters using the crawl technique at a comfortable and self-determined speed. The recordings simulated docent observation capacity. Five swimming teachers were selected to evaluate the proposed checklist and the subjects' technique. An observation sheet was created based on references present in literature containing ten items that are considered fundamental for swimming movements. The study was divided into (i) checklist validation, (ii) intra-evaluator consistency, and (iii) inter-evaluator consistency. Results: The proposed checklist fulfilled the validity criteria, with intra-evaluator consistency varying between reasonable and substantial, with k varying between 0.36 and 0.73 respectively, while inter-evaluator consistency was deemed reasonable (k = 0.24). Conclusion: According to the results that were obtained, the suggested list is valid and adequate for what it proposes to do.

Single session of action observation in choice reaction time in healthy children

Abstract Aim: Learning by action observation (AO) is a fundamental cognitive ability existing from birth either in live or in the video. However, the specific AO training, in live or in the video, can influence decision making and motor planning in healthy children? This study aimed to evaluate if a single session of both practices (live and video) modifies the choice reaction time during reaching tasks in healthy children. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and randomized study with 22 children aged 6 to 8 years. We measured the choice reaction time (CRT) by electromyography at baseline and after both practices. Data were analyzed using Friedman and posthoc Dunn non-parametric tests for each age group individually as well as all ages combined. Kurtosis analysis was performed to assess data variability. Results: Significant decrease in CRT was observed after action observation in the video in 8-year-olds. Also, we observed choice reaction time variability reduction in 8-year-olds after both practices compared to that at baseline. Conclusion: A decrease in CRT was observed after the single session of action observation in the video in 8-year-olds. Additionally, there was a reduced variability in CRT after performing both practices in the same age group.

La observación. Primer eslabón del método clínico / Observation. First step of the clinical method

Introducción: la observación es la base del conocimiento del mundo y de la actividad científica. Objetivo: destacar la importancia de la observación como parte del método clínico para arribar al diagnóstico en un proceso salud enfermedad y poder decidir la terapéutica adecuada. Desarrollo: el método de observación es un proceso de descomposición-recomposición de informaciones obtenidas mediante la percepción, según los fines científicos establecidos en los modos de observación construidos. Se señala que es un proceso activo y organizado en el tiempo, en el cual se considera, un conjunto de fenómenos que pueden ser analizados. Conclusiones: la observación es la primera etapa del método clínico porque es de donde parte la obtención de información, tanto por lo que dice el enfermo como por lo que se puede observar mediante la inspección. Quiere decir que, no solo la información se vincula con la comunicación verbal, sino con formas no verbales como la inspección, y de esa forma se llega a acopiar datos sobre lo que ya puede ser explícito o general o sobre aspectos más particulares o específicos(AU)

Introduction: observation is the basis of knowledge of the world and of scientific activity. Objective: to emphasize the importance of observation as part of the clinical method to arrive at the diagnosis in a disease health process and to be able to decide the appropriate treatment. Development: the observation method is a process of decomposition-recomposition of information obtained through perception, according to the scientific purposes established in the modes of observation constructed. It is pointed out that it is an active and organized process over time, in which it is considered, a set of phenomena that can be analyzed. Conclusions: observation is the first stage of the clinical method because it is from where the information is obtained, both by what the patient says and by what can be observed through inspection. It means that not only information is linked to verbal communication, but also to non-verbal forms such as inspection, and in this way it is possible to collect data on what can already be explicit or general or on more specific or specific aspects(AU)

Aripiprazole Toxicity With a Biphasic Course of Somnolence.

INTRODUCTION: Aripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic with partial agonism at dopamine and serotonin receptors. In pediatrics, it is approved to treat irritability associated with autistic disorder along with other neuropsychological conditions. Compared with other atypical antipsychotics, it has a favorable side effect profile, but overdose experience is limited. CASE REPORT: A 3-year-old drug-naive patient accidentally ingested 200 mg of aripiprazole. This ingestion resulted in immediate lethargy with brief improvement 16 hours after ingestion and subsequent decline 2 hours later. Patient returned to baseline 72 hours after ingestion. DISCUSSION: Unlike previous case reports, this patient displayed a biphasic course of somnolence. Previous reports have described delayed onset and prolonged sedation in response to an aripiprazole overdose. Current recommendations regarding monitoring after ingestion do not account for possible worsening of symptoms after improvement. CONCLUSION: It is important to recognize the need for a longer observation period after a significant aripiprazole overdose as a variable course of somnolence may be witnessed.

Observação da interação professor-aluno no jardim de infância: O Teacher-Pupil Observation Tool / Observation of teacher-student interaction in preschool: the teacher-pupil observation tool / Observación de la interacción profesor-alumno en la educación infantil: el teacher-pupil observation tool

Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar a versão portuguesa do Teacher-Pupil Observation Tool (T-POT), no que diz respeito ao acordo e fidedignidade entre observadores e às categorias de comportamentos observadas nos professores na sua utilização em contexto pré-escolar. Três observadores receberam treinamento na cotação de 11 categorias de comportamentos do professor do T-POT. Posteriormente, 65 professoras de jardim de infância foram observadas durante 25 minutos, numa situação de interação nas suas salas com um pequeno grupo de crianças. Obteve-se uma média de acordo entre observadores de 74% nas sessões de treinamento e coeficientes de correlação intraclasse de 0,90-0,99. Os resultados indicam que as categorias do T-POT mais utilizadas pelas professoras nas suas interações com as crianças são questões, confirmações e ordens. A discussão salienta as implicações para a prática e a pesquisa da utilização de medidas de observação na avaliação da interação professor-aluno nas salas de jardim de infância. (AU)

The purpose of this study was to present the Portuguese version of the Teacher-Pupil Observation Tool (T-POT), in terms of agreement and reliability among observers and the categories of behaviors observed in teachers when used in preschool setting. Three observers were trained in scoring 11 T-POT teacher's behavior categories. Subsequently, 65 preschool teachers were observed with T-POT during 25 minutes, while interacting in their classrooms with a small group of children. A mean of 74% of agreement was reached between observers for the training sessions and intraclass correlation coefficients of 0,90-0,99. The results indicate that the T-POT categories most used by teachers in their interactions with children are questions, acknowledgments and commands. The discussion highlights the implications for practice and research on the use of observation measures in the assessment of teacher-student interaction in preschool classrooms. (AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar la versión portuguesa del Teacher-Pupil Observation Tool (T-POT), en lo que se refiere al acuerdo y la confiabilidad entre observadores y, por otro lado, las categorías de comportamiento observadas en los profesores en la utilización del test en el contexto preescolar. Tres observadores recibieron entrenamiento en la cotización de 11 categorías de comportamiento del profesor del T-POT. Posteriormente, 65 profesoras de la educación infantil fueron observadas utilizando el T-POT durante 25 minutos, en una situación de interacción en sus aulas con un pequeño grupo de niños. Se obtuvo un acuerdo medio del 74% entre observadores en las sesiones de entrenamiento y coeficientes de correlación intraclase de 0,90-0,99. Los resultados indican que las categorías del T-POT más utilizadas por las profesoras en sus interacciones con los niños son cuestiones, confirmaciones y órdenes. La discusión destaca las implicaciones para la práctica y la investigación de la utilización de medidas de observación en la evaluación de la interacción profesor-alumno en la educación infantil. (AU)

Workload: a comparison between the online and observational methods.

OBJECTIVE: To measure nursing Workload (WL) of nurses who work in the Inpatient Unit, as recommended by the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), comparing observational and online methods to propose supervision strategies for academic professionals. METHOD: Quantitative, descriptive, observational study performed in a Clinical/Surgical Hospital Unit. 30 direct and indirect activities. Data collected in observational and online records. Statistical analysis: SPSS 18.0 software, percentage frequencies and associated times between groups by Fisher's Exact test, 95% confidence interval, significance level 5%. RESULTS: Comparing the activities performed with the NIC time: from the direct 16, five observational and five online, were out of range, with no significant difference between frequencies (P=0.427). Of the 14 indirect, only in the observational, two were out of the range, without significant difference (P=0.486). CONCLUSION: Both methods measure WL; the online method developed accompanies activities performed in real time.

Workload: a comparison between the online and observational methods / Carga horaria de trabajo: comparación de los métodos observacionales y online / Carga horária de trabalho: comparação dos métodos observacional e on-line

ABSTRACT Objective: To measure nursing Workload (WL) of nurses who work in the Inpatient Unit, as recommended by the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), comparing observational and online methods to propose supervision strategies for academic professionals. Method: Quantitative, descriptive, observational study performed in a Clinical/Surgical Hospital Unit. 30 direct and indirect activities. Data collected in observational and online records. Statistical analysis: SPSS 18.0 software, percentage frequencies and associated times between groups by Fisher's Exact test, 95% confidence interval, significance level 5%. Results: Comparing the activities performed with the NIC time: from the direct 16, five observational and five online, were out of range, with no significant difference between frequencies (P=0.427). Of the 14 indirect, only in the observational, two were out of the range, without significant difference (P=0.486). Conclusion: Both methods measure WL; the online method developed accompanies activities performed in real time.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Medir la carga de trabajo (CT) de los enfermeros que actúan en Unidad de Internación, según preconiza la Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), comparando los métodos observacional y online, para proponer estrategias de supervisión de los profesionales y académicos. Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo cuantitativo realizado en una Unidad de Internación Clínica/Quirúrgica. 30 actividades directas e indirectas. Datos recogidos en registros observacionales y en línea. Análisis estadístico: Software SPSS 18.0, frecuencias porcentuales y tiempos asociados entre grupos por la prueba Exacto de Fisher, intervalo de confianza 95%, nivel de significancia 5%. Resultados: Comparando las actividades realizadas con el tiempo preconizado por la NIC: de las 16 directas, cinco en el observacional y cinco en el on-line, estaban fuera del intervalo, sin diferencia significativa entre frecuencias (P=0,427). De las 14 indirectas, sólo en el observacional, dos estaban fuera del intervalo, sin diferencia significativa (P=0,486). Conclusión: Ambos métodos sirven para medir CT; el método online desarrollado acompaña actividades ejecutadas en tiempo real.

RESUMO Objetivo: Mensurar a Carga de Trabalho (CT) dos enfermeiros que atuam em Unidade de Internação, conforme preconiza a Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), comparando os métodos observacional e on-line, para propor estratégias de supervisão dos profissionais eacadêmicos. Método: Estudo observacional descritivo quantitativo realizado em uma Unidade de Internação Clínica/Cirúrgica. 30 atividades diretas e indiretas. Dados levantados em registros observacional e on-line. Análise estatística: Software SPSS 18.0, frequências percentuais e tempos associadas entre grupos pelo teste Exato de Fisher, intervalo de confiança 95%, nível de significância 5%. Resultados: Comparando as atividades executadas com o tempo preconizado pela NIC: das 16 diretas, cinco no observacional e cinco no on-line, estavam fora do intervalo, sem diferença significativa entre frequências (P=0,427). Das 14 indiretas, apenas no observacional, duas estavam fora do intervalo, sem diferença significativa (P=0,486). Conclusão: Ambos os métodos servem para medir CT; o método on-line desenvolvido acompanha atividades executadas em tempo real.

Caracterización de las inteligencias múltiples de estudiantes de 2do año de la carrera de Medicina / Characterization of the multiple intelligence of the second-year students of Medicine

Introducción: la teoría de las inteligencias múltiples representa una visión innovadora en el campo de la psicología de la educación, pues brinda un marco diferente para el mejor encuadre del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. En esta perspectiva la evaluación de los tipos de inteligencias múltiples adquiere fundamental importancia. Objetivo: identificar las inteligencias múltiples de un grupo de estudiantes de segundo año de la carrera de Medicina en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: de una población de 410 estudiantes de segundo año de la carrera de Medicina en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas que cursan la asignatura Psicología Médica I, se escogió una muestra de 20 estudiantes mediante un muestreo no probabilístico intencionado a quienes se les aplicó el Inventario de InteligenciasMúltiples para adultos,formulario de setenta preguntas, basado en los postulados originales de la teoría de las inteligencias múltiples de Howard Gardner. Resultados: se reveló que las inteligencias más desarrolladas en los sujetos estudiados fueron la inteligencia interpersonal, la lingüística y la intrapersonal. Conclusiones: en el perfil de inteligencia de cada sujeto, las inteligencias personales y la lingüística muestran el más alto desarrollo, en combinación con la inteligencia lógico-matemática, la espacial, la musical y la cinético-corporal (AU).

Introduction: the theory of the multiple intelligence is an innovating vision in the field of the educational psychology, because it gives a different framework for better approaching the teaching-learning process. Therefore, the evaluation of the kinds of multiple intelligences gets main importance. Objective: to identify the multiple intelligences of a group of second-year students of Medicine in the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Matanzas. Materials and methods: a sample of 20 students was chosen from the population of 410 second-year students of Medicine who study Medical Psychology I in the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Matanzas using an intentioned non-probabilistic sampling. They applied the Inventory of Multiple Intelligence for adults, a formulary of 60 questions based in the original postulates of Howard Garner´s theory of multiple intelligences. Results: it showed that the most developed intelligences in the studied subjects were the interpersonal, linguistic and intrapersonal ones. Conclusions: in the intelligence profile of each subject, the personal and linguistic intelligences show the highest development, combined with the logical-mathematical, spatial, musical and bodily-kinesthetic ones (AU).

Caracterización de las inteligencias múltiples de estudiantes de 2do año de la carrera de Medicina / Characterization of the multiple intelligence of the second-year students of Medicine

Introducción: la teoría de las inteligencias múltiples representa una visión innovadora en el campo de la psicología de la educación, pues brinda un marco diferente para el mejor encuadre del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. En esta perspectiva la evaluación de los tipos de inteligencias múltiples adquiere fundamental importancia. Objetivo: identificar las inteligencias múltiples de un grupo de estudiantes de segundo año de la carrera de Medicina en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: de una población de 410 estudiantes de segundo año de la carrera de Medicina en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas que cursan la asignatura Psicología Médica I, se escogió una muestra de 20 estudiantes mediante un muestreo no probabilístico intencionado a quienes se les aplicó el Inventario de InteligenciasMúltiples para adultos,formulario de setenta preguntas, basado en los postulados originales de la teoría de las inteligencias múltiples de Howard Gardner. Resultados: se reveló que las inteligencias más desarrolladas en los sujetos estudiados fueron la inteligencia interpersonal, la lingüística y la intrapersonal. Conclusiones: en el perfil de inteligencia de cada sujeto, las inteligencias personales y la lingüística muestran el más alto desarrollo, en combinación con la inteligencia lógico-matemática, la espacial, la musical y la cinético-corporal (AU).

Introduction: the theory of the multiple intelligence is an innovating vision in the field of the educational psychology, because it gives a different framework for better approaching the teaching-learning process. Therefore, the evaluation of the kinds of multiple intelligences gets main importance. Objective: to identify the multiple intelligences of a group of second-year students of Medicine in the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Matanzas. Materials and methods: a sample of 20 students was chosen from the population of 410 second-year students of Medicine who study Medical Psychology I in the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Matanzas using an intentioned non-probabilistic sampling. They applied the Inventory of Multiple Intelligence for adults, a formulary of 60 questions based in the original postulates of Howard Garner´s theory of multiple intelligences. Results: it showed that the most developed intelligences in the studied subjects were the interpersonal, linguistic and intrapersonal ones. Conclusions: in the intelligence profile of each subject, the personal and linguistic intelligences show the highest development, combined with the logical-mathematical, spatial, musical and bodily-kinesthetic ones (AU).

Development and reliability of a streetscape observation instrument for international use: MAPS-global.

BACKGROUND: Relationships between several built environment factors and physical activity and walking behavior are well established, but internationally-comparable built environment measures are lacking. The Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS)-Global is an observational measure of detailed streetscape features relevant to physical activity that was developed for international use. This study examined the inter-observer reliability of the instrument in five countries. METHODS: MAPS-Global was developed by compiling concepts and items from eight environmental measures relevant to walking and bicycling. Inter-rater reliability data were collected in neighborhoods selected to vary on geographic information system (GIS)-derived macro-level walkability in five countries (Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Hong Kong-China, and Spain). MAPS-Global assessments (n = 325) were completed in person along a ≥ 0.25 mile route from a residence toward a non-residential destination, and a commercial block was also rated for each residence (n = 82). Two raters in each country rated each route independently. A tiered scoring system was created that summarized items at multiple levels of aggregation, and positive and negative valence scores were created based on the expected effect on physical activity. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was computed for scales and selected items using one-way random models. RESULTS: Overall, 86.6% of individual items and single item indicators showed excellent agreement (ICC ≥ 0.75), and 13.4% showed good agreement (ICC = 0.60-0.74). All subscales and overall summary scores showed excellent agreement. Six of 123 items were too rare to compute the ICC. The median ICC for items and scales was 0.92 with a range of 0.50-1.0. Aesthetics and social characteristics showed lower ICCs than other sub-scales, but reliabilities were still in the excellent range (ICC ≥ 0.75). CONCLUSION: Evaluation of inter-observer reliability of MAPS-Global across five countries indicated all items and scales had "good" or "excellent" reliability. The results demonstrate that trained observers from multiple countries were able to reliably conduct observations of both residential and commercial areas with the new MAPS-Global instrument. Next steps are to evaluate construct validity in relation to physical activity in multiple countries and gain experience with using MAPS-Global for research and practice applications.

Comparações entre o consumo observado e predito pelos sistemas nutricionais NRC e BR-Corte em novilhas Nelore confinadas no sistema GrowSafe® / Comparisons between observed and predicted consumption by NRC and BR-Court nutritional systems in Nelore heifers confined in the Grow Safe® system / Comparaciones entre el consumo observado y predicado por los sistemas nutricionales NRC y BR-Corte en novillas Nelore confinadas en el sistema Grow Safe®

Objetivou-se encontrar qual equação dos sistemas nutricionais BR-Corte (2010 e 2016) e NRC (2000 e 2016) melhor prediz o consumo de matéria seca (CMS) em novilhas de corte da raça Nelore em confinamento em sistema eletrônico de alimentação GrowSafe. Foram utilizadas 25 novilhas da raça Nelore, com idade entre 22 e 25 meses e peso médio corporal inicial 318 Kg. Comparou-se o CMS observado aos preditos segundo os sistemas nutricionais. O CMS médio observado das novilhas foi de 7,46 Kg/dia. A ingestão de matéria seca predita pelo NRC 2000 foi superestimada em 9,78% e pelo BR-Corte 2010, em 5,5%, já NRC 2016 e Br-Corte 2016 subestimaram o consumo das novilhas em 18,9% e 7,1%, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que os modelos para predição do CMS para novilhas da raça Nelore propostos pelos sistemas BR-Corte são mais adequados que os modelos do NRC.(AU)

The objective of this study was to find which equation of nutrition systems, BR-Corte (2010 and 2016) or NRC (2000 and 2016), better predict the dry matter intake (DMI) in heifers confinedin the electronic feeding system GrowSafe. Nellore heifers, aged 22 to 25 months and with an initial body weight of 318 kg, were sampled. It was compared the observed DMI with those predicted according to nutritional systems. The mean DMI of the heifers was 7.46 kg/day. The estimated dry matter intake in NRC 2000 was overestimated by 9.78% and BR-Corte 2010, by 5.5%, while NRC 2016 and Br-Corte 2016 underestimated heifer consumption by 18.9% and 7.1%, respectively. It was concluded that the models for predicting DMI for Nellore heifers proposed by the BR-Corte systems are more suitable than the NRC models.(AU)

En el presente trabajo se analizaron los resultados obtenidos por los sistemas nutricionales BR-Corte (2010 y 2016) y NRC (2000 y 2016), buscando encontrar el que mejor predice el consumo de materia seca (CMS) en novillas de corte de la raza Nelore en confinamiento en sistema electrónico de alimentación GrowSafe. Se utilizaron 25 novillas de la raza Nelore, con edades entre 22 y 25 meses y peso corporal inicial 318 Kg. Se comparó el CMS observado a los predichos según los sistemas nutricionales. El CMS medio observado de las novillas fue de 7,46 Kg/día. La ingesta de materia seca predicha por el NRC 2000 fueron superestimadas en 9,78% y por el BR-Corte 2010, en 5,5%, ya el NRC 2016 y el Br-Corte 2016 subestimaron el consumo de las novillas en 18,9% y 7,1%, respectivamente. Se concluyó que los modelos para predicción del CMS para novillas de la raza Nelore propuestos por los sistemas BR-Corte son más adecuados que los modelos del NRC.(AU)

Comparações entre o consumo observado e predito pelos sistemas nutricionais NRC e BR-Corte em novilhas Nelore confinadas no sistema GrowSafe® / Comparisons between observed and predicted consumption by NRC and BR-Court nutritional systems in Nelore heifers confined in the Grow Safe® system / Comparaciones entre el consumo observado y predicado por los sistemas nutricionales NRC y BR-Corte en novillas Nelore confinadas en el sistema Grow Safe®

Objetivou-se encontrar qual equação dos sistemas nutricionais BR-Corte (2010 e 2016) e NRC (2000 e 2016) melhor prediz o consumo de matéria seca (CMS) em novilhas de corte da raça Nelore em confinamento em sistema eletrônico de alimentação GrowSafe. Foram utilizadas 25 novilhas da raça Nelore, com idade entre 22 e 25 meses e peso médio corporal inicial 318 Kg. Comparou-se o CMS observado aos preditos segundo os sistemas nutricionais. O CMS médio observado das novilhas foi de 7,46 Kg/dia. A ingestão de matéria seca predita pelo NRC 2000 foi superestimada em 9,78% e pelo BR-Corte 2010, em 5,5%, já NRC 2016 e Br-Corte 2016 subestimaram o consumo das novilhas em 18,9% e 7,1%, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que os modelos para predição do CMS para novilhas da raça Nelore propostos pelos sistemas BR-Corte são mais adequados que os modelos do NRC.

The objective of this study was to find which equation of nutrition systems, BR-Corte (2010 and 2016) or NRC (2000 and 2016), better predict the dry matter intake (DMI) in heifers confinedin the electronic feeding system GrowSafe. Nellore heifers, aged 22 to 25 months and with an initial body weight of 318 kg, were sampled. It was compared the observed DMI with those predicted according to nutritional systems. The mean DMI of the heifers was 7.46 kg/day. The estimated dry matter intake in NRC 2000 was overestimated by 9.78% and BR-Corte 2010, by 5.5%, while NRC 2016 and Br-Corte 2016 underestimated heifer consumption by 18.9% and 7.1%, respectively. It was concluded that the models for predicting DMI for Nellore heifers proposed by the BR-Corte systems are more suitable than the NRC models.

En el presente trabajo se analizaron los resultados obtenidos por los sistemas nutricionales BR-Corte (2010 y 2016) y NRC (2000 y 2016), buscando encontrar el que mejor predice el consumo de materia seca (CMS) en novillas de corte de la raza Nelore en confinamiento en sistema electrónico de alimentación GrowSafe. Se utilizaron 25 novillas de la raza Nelore, con edades entre 22 y 25 meses y peso corporal inicial 318 Kg. Se comparó el CMS observado a los predichos según los sistemas nutricionales. El CMS medio observado de las novillas fue de 7,46 Kg/día. La ingesta de materia seca predicha por el NRC 2000 fueron superestimadas en 9,78% y por el BR-Corte 2010, en 5,5%, ya el NRC 2016 y el Br-Corte 2016 subestimaron el consumo de las novillas en 18,9% y 7,1%, respectivamente. Se concluyó que los modelos para predicción del CMS para novillas de la raza Nelore propuestos por los sistemas BR-Corte son más adecuados que los modelos del NRC.

[Indicators of physical and social neighborhood attributes measured by the Systematic Social Observation method]. / Indicadores dos atributos físicos e sociais da vizinhança obtidos pelo método de Observação Social Sistemática.

Place of residence is heavily shaped by social position, indicating that neighborhood characteristics can be important contributing factors to health iniquities. The objectives were to construct indicators of the physical and social environment in an urban context based on variables obtained with the Systematic Social Observation method (SSO) and to analyze them according to the Health Vulnerability Index (HVI). The instrument was developed to determine the characteristics of the physical and social neighborhood in two health districts in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Data were collected from April to June 2011. To develop the simple indicators, ratios were calculated for the number of observed items per residence in each segment. Composite indicators were built using principal components analysis via covariance matrix. The final sample consisted of 1,295 street segments nested in 147 neighborhoods. Indicators referring to street conditions and transit items, mobility, appearance, housing and property, physical disorder, safety/security, and services showed a dose-response behavior in relation to HVI (p < 0.05). Indicators pertaining to place to practice physical activity and leisure did not show significant differences. The indicators displayed coherent behavior towards different HVI strata and proved adequate within each respective domain and subdomain.