Variabilidad de la filiación institucional y recuperación de la producción científica de un hospital / Variability of institutional affiliation and recovery of a hospital's scientific output

OBJETIVOS: analizar la variabilidad de las afiliaciones de una institución sanitaria en la base de datos Scopus y se estudió cómo influye en la recuperación de la producción científica. MÉTODOS: se realizaron búsquedas por autores y autoras, estrategia y nombre normalizado de la institución para comparar la variabilidad de los resultados. RESULTADOS: se constató una pérdida del 44,20 % de documentos en la recuperación por el campo de afiliación normalizada de la base de datos. CONCLUSIONES: tras analizar las causas, se propuso varias medidas para corregir dicha pérdida

OBJECTIVE: The variability of the affiliations of a health institution in the Scopus database is analyzed and how it influences the recovery of scientific production is studied. METHODS: Searches were conducted by authors, strategy and standardized name of the institution to compare the variability of the results. RESULTS: There is a loss of 44.20% of documents in the recovery by the standardized affiliation field of the database. CONCLUSIONS: After analysing the causes, a number of measures are proposed to correct this loss

Small is beautiful, but large is certified: A comparison between fisheries the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) features in its promotional materials and MSC-certified fisheries.

The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) sets a standard by which sustainable fisheries can be assessed and eco-certified. It is one of the oldest and most well-known fisheries certifications, and an estimated 15% of global fish catch is MSC-certified. While the MSC is increasingly recognized by decision-makers as an indicator for fishery success, it is also criticized for weak standards and overly-lenient third-party certifiers. This gap between the standard's reputation and its actual implementation could be a result of how the MSC markets and promotes its brand. Here we classify MSC-certified fisheries by gear type (i.e. active vs. passive) as well as by length of the vessels involved (i.e. large scale vs. small scale; with the division between the two occurring at 12 m in overall length). We compared the MSC-certified fisheries (until 31 December 2017) to 399 photographs the MSC used in promotional materials since 2009. Results show that fisheries involving small-scale vessels and passive gears were disproportionately represented in promotional materials: 64% of promotional photographs were of passive gears, although only 40% of MSC-certified fisheries and 17% of the overall catch were caught by passive gears from 2009-2017. Similarly, 49% of the photographs featured small-scale vessels, although just 20% of MSC-certified fisheries and 7% of the overall MSC-certified catch used small-scale vessels from 2009 to 2017. The MSC disproportionately features photographs of small-scale fisheries although the catch it certifies is overwhelmingly from industrial fisheries.

Relevancia de los aspectos psicológicos en el dolor crónico / No disponible

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Clasificación de los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica según los sistemas de estadificación de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Tórax (ALAT) y la iniciativa global para la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (GOLD) / Classification of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease according to the Latin American Thoracic Association (ALAT) staging systems and the global initiative for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (GOLD)

Introducción. En los diferentes sistemas de clasificación de la EPOC se utilizan diversos criterios de estadificación. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la prevalencia y la distribución de los estadios de la EPOC con las recomendaciones de la iniciativa global para la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (GOLD) y las orientaciones de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Tórax (ALAT) en una población de atención primaria. Métodos. Sujetos ≥ 40 años de edad, fumadores, exfumadores o expuestos a biomasa que acudieron a visitas rutinarias en centros de atención primaria cumplimentaron un cuestionario y se sometieron a una espirometría. Se definió EPOC si el cociente FEV1/FVC era < 0,70 tras la administración de un broncodilatador, y se calificó de acuerdo con los criterios GOLD-2013 y ALAT-2014. El valor pronóstico de los sistemas de estratificación se evaluó mediante el índice BODEx. Resultados. Cumplimentaron la entrevista 1.743 pacientes, de los cuales 1.540 obtuvieron espirometrías aceptables. Según los criterios GOLD-2013 la prevalencia de EPOC fue de un 20,1% y la distribución de estadios fue en forma de U (grupo A: 9,3%, B: 4,3%, C: 2,0% y D: 4,6%). Con los criterios de las orientaciones ALAT la prevalencia fue de un 19,7%, con una distribución de estadios en forma de campana (leve: 2,9%, moderada: 9%, grave: 5,4% y muy grave: 2,7%). Al utilizar las orientaciones de la ALAT, aproximadamente un 73% de los pacientes fue adjudicado a los estratos de EPOC moderada (45,4%) o grave (27,3%), mientras que con los criterios GOLD-2013 la mayoría (aproximadamente un 69%) se clasificó en los grupos A (46,3%) y B (22,7%). Con la estratificación ALAT las puntuaciones del índice BODEx aumentaron al empeorar la EPOC, lo que no se observó con los criterios GOLD-2013 (los valores de los grupos B y C fueron similares). Conclusiones. La distribución de pacientes en los estadios de la enfermedad difiere según se usen los criterios de la ALAT o GOLD-2013. Los criterios de la ALAT identificaron una mayor proporción de pacientes en las categorías moderada y grave de EPOC que los criterios GOLD-2013, con los cuales la mayoría de pacientes fueron adjudicados al grupo A. En futuras evaluaciones de la clasificación ALAT se debería analizar su capacidad predictiva de hospitalizaciones y mortalidad

Introduction. Several classification systems use different criteria when assessing COPD stages. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence and distribution of COPD stagesusing Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) recommendationsand Latin American Thoracic Association (ALAT) guidelinesin a primary-care population. Methods. Subjects attending routine primary care visits, ≥ 40 years of age, current or former smokers or exposed to biomass, completed a questionnaire and performed spirometry. COPD was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.70 and categorised according to GOLD-2013 criteria and ALAT-2014 guideline. The BODEx index was used to assess the prognostic value of the stratification systems. Results. A total of 1743 subjects completed the interview, 1540 performed acceptable spirometry. COPD prevalence according GOLD-2013 was 20.1% and had a U-shaped stage distribution (group A: 9.3%, B: 4.3%, C: 2.0%, D: 4.6%). According to ALAT, prevalence was 19.7% with a bell-shaped stage distribution (mild: 2.9%, moderate: 9%, severe: 5.4%, very-severe: 2.7%). Approximately 73% of patients were stratified as moderate (45.4%) or severe (27.3%) by ALAT guidelines, whereas using GOLD-2013 criteria the majority of subjects (approximately 69%) were in group A (46.3%) or group B (22.7%). BODE index score increased as COPD worsened according to ALAT stratification. This is not observed with GOLD2013 criteria (similar values for B and C groups). Conclusions. Disease stages differ under ALAT and GOLD-2013 criteria. ALAT identified a greater proportion of COPD subjects in the moderate and severe categories compared with GOLD-2013, where the majority were categorised in group A. Future evaluation of the ALAT classification should address its predictive ability in terms of hospitalizations and mortality

Posicionamiento de la Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (AEPap) sobre el modelo de asistencia infantil / Stance of the Spanish Association of Primary Care Pediatrics (AEPap) on child care model

La Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (AEPap) hace una reflexión sobre el modelo de asistencia infantil español, sus problemas y los antecedentes de algunos países de nuestro entorno. Así mismo, y frente a los que cuestionan el modelo español, hace una serie de propuestas para avanzar en la efectividad y sostenibilidad del modelo español (AU)

The Spanish Association of Primary Care Pediatrics (AEPap) has reflected on the model of Spanish child care, its problems and the background of some countries around us. Also, and in front of those who question the Spanish model, makes a series of proposals to advance the effectiveness and sustainability of the Spanish model (AU)

Calendario de vacunaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría (CAV-AEP): recomendaciones 2016 / Immunisation schedule of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics: 2016 recommendations

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Ciencia y saberes locales en la posguerra: la Asociación Internacional Americana para el Desarrollo Económico y Social (AIA) y los programas de modernización de la agricultura en Brasil (1945-1961) / Science and local knowledge in post war: the American Internationa lAssociation (AIA) and the modernizations of agriculture in Brazil (1945-1961)

Este artículo discute la actuación de la Asociación Internacional Americana para el Desarrollo Social y Económico (AIA) en Brasil. La acción de la AIA se caracterizó por un intenso proceso de negociación entre 1946 y 1961. Contemporánea de la emergente ideología de la modernización, la AIA estudió los posibles proyectos adecuados para la América Latina, en especial Brasil y Venezuela. Inspirada en las experiencias norteamericanas del crédito rural, el extensionismo, entre otras estrategias de desarrollo, la agencia procuró adaptar estos modelos a las condiciones locales, partiendo de la base de que, desde el punto de vista de la AIA, los proyectos exitosos en Estados Unidos, si fueran adaptados, tendrían también éxito en los países en desarrollo. Sin embargo, las experiencias en la provincia brasileña de Minas Gerais demostraron grandes dificultades de ejecución (AU)

It aims to discuss the work of American International Association for Economic and Social Development (AIA) in Brazil. AIA’s work was characterized for a intense process of negotiation with local governments between 1946 and 1961. Contemporary to the rise of the ideology of modernization, AIA introduced some projects which were considered suitable for Latin America, as Brazil and Venezuela in special. Following the American experiences in supervised credit and extension work, this agency tried to adapt this models to local conditions, interpreting that successful projects earlier developed in United States could be also successful in Latin America. On the other hand, these set of experiences in Brazilian states like Minas Gerais had strong difficulties to be developed (AU)

Successful affiliations: principles and practices.

An affiliation can help a healthcare provider prepare for the challenges of healthcare reform, the rapidly changing landscapes of the commercial insurance industry, and the public's expectations about service and quality. UC Davis Medical Center, a 645-bed tertiary hospital in Sacramento, California, with many hospital-based clinics and a community-based group of primary care clinics, has developed a number of principles for affiliation. These principles are based on its experience in legal and financial affiliations with an academic practice group, with individual and small groups of primary care physicians, and with community hospitals around oncology services linked with U.C. Davis' National Cancer Institute-designated cancer center. This article offers a process for evaluating the appropriateness of an affiliation. The chances for a successful affiliation improve if each party has indicated the value it hopes to derive and how to measure that value, has communicated with all affected constituents, and has an agreed-upon method for resolving disputes.

Declaración de la Asociación Médica Mundial sobre la relación laboral entre médicos y farmacéuticos en el tratamiento medicamentoso / The World Medical Association statement on the working relationship between physicians and pharmacists in medical therapy

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Starting a community-based resident training program.

A guide by collaborators in Oregon recommends putting all would-be partners' goals on the table and lining up solid financial support before undertaking an alliance of managed care, medical school and health system.