RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Periodontal diseases are the most frequently diagnosed problem in cats. It has been well-established that periodontal diseases could not only cause various oral health issues but could also contribute to systemic diseases. Oxidative stress is a possible link between systemic diseases and periodontitis. Our study aimed to illustrate the influence of periodontitis on oxidative stress development in cats. Furthermore, the changes in the bacterial flora of the gums were investigated. METHODS: Based on the clinical and laboratory examinations, fifty cats were divided into two groups normal (n = 25) and moderate to advanced periodontitis (n = 25). Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were measured. In addition, samples were taken from the subgingival plaques of all cats for bacterial culture. RESULTS: Serum TOS, GSSG, GSSG to GSH ratio, and oxidative stress index (OSI), calculated as the ratio of TOS to TAC in cats with periodontal disease were significantly higher, and TAC was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared with controls. The results of bacterial culture indicated that the number of isolated bacterial colonies is higher in patients than in the control group. Additionally, the analysis of these data showed a positive association between periodontal index and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that periodontitis in cats is related to a main oxidative stress. Furthermore, oxidant factors such as TOS and OSI, compared to antioxidant factors, may better indicate the presence of oxidative stress conditions in patients with periodontitis.
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Antioxidantes , Enfermedades de los Gatos , Glutatión , Estrés Oxidativo , Periodontitis , Animales , Gatos , Enfermedades de los Gatos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/sangre , Enfermedades de los Gatos/metabolismo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Periodontitis/veterinaria , Periodontitis/microbiología , Femenino , Masculino , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Glutatión/sangre , Glutatión/metabolismo , Disulfuro de Glutatión/sangre , Disulfuro de Glutatión/metabolismo , Oxidantes/metabolismo , Oxidantes/sangreRESUMEN
Objectives: To examine the influence of hirudotherapy on parameters of oxidative stress. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted from March 29 to September 29, 2021, at the Alanya Research and Training Hospital's Traditional and Complementary Medicine Application Centre, Turkey, and comprised adult volunteers of either gender. The participants were subjected to two sessions of hirudotherapy 4 weeks apart. Total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index values, ischaemia-modified albumin level, paraoxonase 1, disulfide, native thiol, total thiol, and arylesterase levels were assessed at baseline and after the second hirudotherapy session. Data was analysed using SPSS 15. RESULTS: Of the 50 subjects, 30(60%) were females and 20(40%) were males. The overall mean age was 47.10±15.16 years. Oxidative stress, ischaemia-modified albumin and disulfide levels decreased, but not significantly (p>0.05). The reduction in disulfide levels was significant (p=0.021). CONCLUSIONS: Hirudotherapy, within its limitations, could reduce oxidative stress.
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Antioxidantes , Arildialquilfosfatasa , Hidrolasas de Éster Carboxílico , Estrés Oxidativo , Albúmina Sérica Humana , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Arildialquilfosfatasa/sangre , Arildialquilfosfatasa/metabolismo , Estudios Transversales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Albúmina Sérica Humana/metabolismo , Hidrolasas de Éster Carboxílico/metabolismo , Hidrolasas de Éster Carboxílico/sangre , Disulfuros/sangre , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo/sangre , Oxidantes/sangre , Oxidantes/metabolismo , TurquíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The current study aimed to assess the effect of fortified yogurt with nano-encapsulated vitamin D on serum pro-oxidant anti-oxidant balance (PAB) in adults with or without metabolic syndrome. METHODS: In a quadruple blind clinical trial study, 139 adults with an age range of 30-50 years were randomly selected to receive either 1500 IU nano-encapsulated vitamin D fortified yogurt or placebo for ten weeks. Before and after the intervention period, blood sample was taken to determine the serum levels of vitamin D, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). The laboratory tests were checked at baseline and at the end of the treatment. RESULTS: Serum vitamin D increased significantly, from 14.47 ± 6.07 ng/mL to 21.39 ± 6.54 ng/mL (P < 0.001) after ten weeks in the intervention group. Serum hs-CRP and PAB were significantly lower following consumption period in intervention group [1.95(0.4-8.15) g/dL vs. 1.35(0.25-3.62) g/dL; P = 0.013] and (135.19 ± 42.4 HK vs. 115.39 ± 44.69) HK; P = 0.018] respectively. There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups regarding weight and BMI at the end of the intervention period (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Low-fat yogurt fortified with nano-encapsulated vitamin D was found to reduce serum PAB levels in adults with metabolic syndrome. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The findings of the present study indicated that a low-fat yogurt fortified with 1500 IU nano-encapsulated vitamin D for ten weeks, leads to a significant reduction in serum hs-CRP and PAB concentrations highlighted the anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidative effect of vitamin D.
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Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólico/sangre , Nanocápsulas/administración & dosificación , Oxidantes/sangre , Vitamina D/administración & dosificación , Yogur , Adulto , Dieta con Restricción de Grasas/métodos , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Alimentos Fortificados , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólico/dietoterapia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/sangre , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cardiac arrest (CA) results in loss of blood circulation to all tissues leading to oxygen and metabolite dysfunction. Return of blood flow and oxygen during resuscitative efforts is the beginning of reperfusion injury and is marked by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can directly damage tissues. The plasma serves as a reservoir and transportation medium for oxygen and metabolites critical for survival as well as ROS that are generated. However, the complicated interplay among various ROS species and antioxidant counterparts, particularly after CA, in the plasma have not been evaluated. In this study, we assessed the equilibrium between pro- and anti-oxidants within the plasma to assess the oxidative status of plasma post-CA. METHODS: In male Sprague-Dawley rats, 10 min asphyxial-CA was induced followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Plasma was drawn immediately after achieving return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and after 2 h post-ROSC. Plasma was isolated and analyzed for prooxidant capacity (Amplex Red and dihydroethidium oxidation, total nitrate and nitrite concentration, xanthine oxidase activity, and iron concentration) and antioxidant capacity (catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Iron Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay). The consequent oxidative products, such as 4-Hydroxyl-2-noneal, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, and nitrotyrosine were evaluated to determine the degree of oxidative damage. RESULTS: After CA and resuscitation, two trends were observed: (1) plasma prooxidant capacity was lower during ischemia, but rapidly increased post-ROSC as compared to control, and (2) plasma antioxidant capacity was increased during ischemia, but either decreased or did not increase substantially post-ROSC as compared to control. Consequently, oxidation products were increased post-ROSC. CONCLUSION: Our study evaluated the disbalance of pro- and anti-oxidants after CA in the plasma during the early phase after resuscitation. This disequilibrium favors the prooxidants and is associated with increased levels of downstream oxidative stress-induced end-products, which the body's antioxidant capacity is unable to directly mitigate. Here, we suggest that circulating plasma is a major contributor to oxidative stress post-CA and its management requires substantial early intervention for favorable outcomes.
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Antioxidantes/análisis , Reanimación Cardiopulmonar , Paro Cardíaco/terapia , Oxidantes/sangre , Animales , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
SARS-CoV-2 virus causes infection which led to a global pandemic in 2020 with the development of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Therefore, this study was aimed at examining its possible role in predicting severity and intrahospital mortality of COVID-19, alongside with other laboratory and biochemical procedures, clinical signs, symptoms, and comorbidity. This study, approved by the Ethical Committee of Clinical Center Kragujevac, was designed as an observational prospective cross-sectional clinical study which was conducted on 127 patients with diagnosed respiratory COVID-19 viral infection from April to August 2020. The primary goals were to determine the predictors of COVID-19 severity and to determine the predictors of the negative outcome of COVID-19 infection. All patients were divided into three categories: patients with a mild form, moderate form, and severe form of COVID-19 infection. All biochemical and laboratory procedures were done on the first day of the hospital admission. Respiratory (p < 0.001) and heart (p = 0.002) rates at admission were significantly higher in patients with a severe form of COVID-19. From all observed hematological and inflammatory markers, only white blood cell count (9.43 ± 4.62, p = 0.001) and LDH (643.13 ± 313.3, p = 0.002) were significantly higher in the severe COVID-19 group. We have observed that in the severe form of SARS-CoV-2, the levels of superoxide anion radicals were substantially higher than those in two other groups (11.3 ± 5.66, p < 0.001) and the nitric oxide level was significantly lower in patients with the severe disease (2.66 ± 0.45, p < 0.001). Using a linear regression model, TA, anosmia, ageusia, O2 -, and the duration at the ICU are estimated as predictors of severity of SARS-CoV-2 disease. The presence of dyspnea and a higher heart rate were confirmed as predictors of a negative, fatal outcome. Results from our study show that presence of hypertension, anosmia, and ageusia, as well as the duration of ICU stay, and serum levels of O2 - are predictors of COVID-19 severity, while the presence of dyspnea and an increased heart rate on admission were predictors of COVID-19 mortality.
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COVID-19/mortalidad , COVID-19/patología , Estrés Oxidativo , Adulto , Anciano , Antioxidantes/análisis , Biomarcadores/sangre , COVID-19/sangre , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Hospitalización , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oxidantes/sangre , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Serbia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Given the solid evidence that prolonged strenuous exercise is a cause of metabolic stress, this study sought to determine whether a 12-h run would affect total oxidant status (TOS), total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant status (TAS), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the biomarkers of intestinal permeability (protein fatty acid-binding proteins (I-FABP) and zonulin) in middle-aged male subjects. Ten amateur long-distance runners (aged 52.0 ± 6.2 years, body height 176.9 ± 4.9 cm, body mass 73.9 ± 6.0 kg) were enrolled in the study. The venous blood samples were collected 1 hour before and right after the run and were analyzed for the levels of TAS, TOS/TOC, hs-CRP, I-FABP and zonulin. The post-run concentrations of TOS/TOC were significantly elevated (p < 0.001), but TAS changes were not significant. Pearson's correlation coefficients calculated for the post run values of TAS and TOS/TOC were statistically significant and negative (r = -0.750, p < 0.05). Significant increases in the concentrations of hs-CRP (p < 0.001), I-FABP (p < 0.05) and zonulin (p < 0.01) were noted. The results indicate that a strenuous 12-h run disturbs the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in middle-aged men, as well as promoting inflammation and impairing intestinal permeability.
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Tracto Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Inflamación/sangre , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Estrés Fisiológico/fisiología , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Atletas , Biomarcadores/sangre , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Tracto Gastrointestinal/lesiones , Tracto Gastrointestinal/patología , Haptoglobinas , Humanos , Inflamación/metabolismo , Inflamación/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Músculo Esquelético/lesiones , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Oxidantes/sangre , Estrés Oxidativo/genética , Permeabilidad , Precursores de Proteínas/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a diet-derived, gut microbial-host cometabolite, has been linked to cardiometabolic diseases. However, the relations remain unclear between diet, TMAO, and cardiometabolic health in general populations from different regions and ethnicities. OBJECTIVES: To examine associations of circulating TMAO with dietary and cardiometabolic factors in a pooled analysis of 16 population-based studies from the United States, Europe, and Asia. METHODS: Included were 32,166 adults (16,269 white, 13,293 Asian, 1247 Hispanic/Latino, 1236 black, and 121 others) without cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic kidney disease, or inflammatory bowel disease. Linear regression coefficients (ß) were computed for standardized TMAO with harmonized variables. Study-specific results were combined by random-effects meta-analysis. A false discovery rate <0.10 was considered significant. RESULTS: After adjustment for potential confounders, circulating TMAO was associated with intakes of animal protein and saturated fat (ß = 0.124 and 0.058, respectively, for a 5% energy increase) and with shellfish, total fish, eggs, and red meat (ß = 0.370, 0.151, 0.081, and 0.056, respectively, for a 1 serving/d increase). Plant protein and nuts showed inverse associations (ß = -0.126 for a 5% energy increase from plant protein and -0.123 for a 1 serving/d increase of nuts). Although the animal protein-TMAO association was consistent across populations, fish and shellfish associations were stronger in Asians (ß = 0.285 and 0.578), and egg and red meat associations were more prominent in Americans (ß = 0.153 and 0.093). Besides, circulating TMAO was positively associated with creatinine (ß = 0.131 SD increase in log-TMAO), homocysteine (ß = 0.065), insulin (ß = 0.048), glycated hemoglobin (ß = 0.048), and glucose (ß = 0.023), whereas it was inversely associated with HDL cholesterol (ß = -0.047) and blood pressure (ß = -0.030). Each TMAO-biomarker association remained significant after further adjusting for creatinine and was robust in subgroup/sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: In an international, consortium-based study, animal protein was consistently associated with increased circulating TMAO, whereas TMAO associations with fish, shellfish, eggs, and red meat varied among populations. The adverse associations of TMAO with certain cardiometabolic biomarkers, independent of renal function, warrant further investigation.
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Fenómenos Fisiológicos Cardiovasculares , Dieta , Metabolismo Energético , Metilaminas/sangre , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangre , Femenino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Salud Global , Humanos , Internacionalidad , Masculino , Oxidantes/sangreRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the first-trimester pregnancy serum total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and serum estradiol levels as well as the olfactory functions assessed using the brief smell identification test (BSIT) of women with healthy pregnancies and those with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). METHODS: In this prospective study, 60 pregnant women in the first trimester of their pregnancies were divided into two groups: 30 pregnant women with HG (study group) and 30 healthy pregnant women (control group). The following parameters were compared in the HG group and the healthy controls: TOS, TAS, serum levels of estradiol (E2), and olfactory function, which was measured using BSIT. RESULTS: Both groups were similar in terms of age, gravida, and parity. The mean total smell score was lower in the HG group than the healthy control group (p < 0.05). TOS was significantly higher in the HG group than the control group. TAS was significantly higher in the control group than the HG group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The removal of sharp odors that will trigger the perception of odor in pregnant women with HG can contribute to the effective control of this disease; moreover, adding fetal-safe antioxidants to the treatment can contribute to the effective control of this disease.
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Hiperemesis Gravídica/metabolismo , Hiperemesis Gravídica/fisiopatología , Trastornos del Olfato/diagnóstico , Oxidantes/sangre , Complicaciones del Embarazo/diagnóstico , Olfato/fisiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperemesis Gravídica/sangre , Estrés Oxidativo , Embarazo , Mujeres Embarazadas , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
The reduced (GSH)-to-oxidized (GSSG) glutathione ratio represents a dynamic balance between oxidants and antioxidants. However, redox status in adolescents with obesity and anemia has not been investigated. This study investigated the association of erythrocyte GSH redox status (GSH, GSH:GSSG ratio, and glutathione peroxidase [GPx] activity) with anemia and adiposity in adolescents. This case-control study nested in a cross-sectional study enrolled 524 adolescents (268 boys; 256 girls). The prevalence of anemia in overweight and obesity (OWOB) was 5.2% in boys and 11.7% in girls. The GSH:GSSG ratio and GPx activity were significantly higher in girls than in boys (p < 0.001), in anemic than in non-anemic subjects (p < 0.001), and in OWOB than in normal-weight subjects (p < 0.001). Similarly, significantly higher GSH: GSSG level (p < 0.001) and GPx activity (p < 0.001) were found in subjects with 90th percentile waist circumference than in those with < 90th percentile. GPx and GSH:GSSG were positively associated with anemia after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (adjusted odds ratio, adjOR [95% confidence interval, CI] 2.18 [1.44-3.29]) or tertiles (adjOR [95% CI], T3 = 2.49 [1.03-6.01]). A similar association was noted for GSH and GPx. A compensatory increased redox defense mechanism exists in anemia and obesity among adolescents without metabolic disturbances.
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Anemia/sangre , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Glutatión/sangre , Obesidad Infantil/sangre , Adiposidad/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Anemia/genética , Anemia/patología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Glutatión/genética , Disulfuro de Glutatión/sangre , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Glutatión Reductasa/sangre , Homeostasis/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Oxidantes/sangre , Oxidación-Reducción , Estrés Oxidativo/genética , Obesidad Infantil/genética , Obesidad Infantil/patología , Circunferencia de la Cintura , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
AIM AND OBJECTIVE: Cells and tissues of the body are prone to oxidative damage as a result of an increased level of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen radical beyond the detoxifying ability of the endogenous antioxidant system. This study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of methanolic extracts of Nigella sativa (MENS) against cadmium-induced blood oxidative stress and testicular toxicity in albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five (25) male albino rats, weighing (200 ± 20g), were randomly grouped into five groups (A-E). Group B (Negative Control) received intraperitoneal administration of cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 5 mg/kg) only, group C received CdCl2 and low dose MENS (300 mg/kg, oral), group D received CdCl2 and high dose MENS (600 mg/kg, oral), group E (Positive control) received CdCl2 and Vitamin C (200 mg/kg, oral), for 14 days. No treatment was administered to group A (Normal control). The oxidative state of the blood was assessed by measuring the blood levels or activities of MDA, CAT, GSH and SOD; while testicular injury was assessed by measuring serum testosterone level using ELISA. The testes were harvested for histopathological examination. RESULTS: The results showed that cadmium induced a marked elevation in the level of MDA, and a decrease in SOD, CAT and GSH levels or activities (p<0.05 or p<0.01); but no significant alteration in the serum testosterone level was found (p>0.05); Histopathological studies on the testes showed that cadmium significantly induced testicular injury, which was however ameliorated by the seed extract of N. sativa. CONCLUSION: We conclude that N. sativa seed extract is potentially testiculoprotective and attenuates oxidative stress against harmful chemical toxins such as cadmium.
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Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Cloruro de Cadmio/efectos adversos , Nigella sativa/química , Oxidantes/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Sustancias Protectoras/química , Semillas/química , Alcaloides/química , Animales , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Ascórbico/metabolismo , Cloruro de Cadmio/administración & dosificación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Flavonoides/química , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Animales , Oxidantes/sangre , Oxidantes/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Ratas , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/análisis , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Testículo/metabolismoRESUMEN
Oxidative stress is a major mechanism contributing to the progression of ß-thalassemia. To assess the effect of vitamin E and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) as antioxidant agents on total oxidative stress (TOS) status and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in patients with transfusion-dependent ß-thalassemia (TDT). In this open-label randomized controlled trial, from May to August 2019, 78 eligible patients with TDT over the age of 18 were enrolled. All patients were registered at the Thalassemia Clinic of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Southern Iran. Patients were randomly allocated to the NAC group (10 mg/kg/day, orally), vitamin E group (10 U/kg/day, orally), and control group. The duration of the study was 3 months. The mean age of the participants was 28.5 ± 5.1 (range: 18-41) years. At the end of the study, TOS significantly decreased only in the vitamin E group (mean difference (MD), 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27 (0.03-0.50), P = 0.026). TAC significantly decreased in both supplemented groups at the 3rd month of treatment (NAC group: MD (95% CI): 0.11 (0.04-0.18), P = 0.002 and vitamin E group: 0.09 (0.01-0.16), P = 0.022 respectively). Hemoglobin did not significantly change at the end of the study in each group (P > 0.05). Mild transient adverse events occurred in 4 patients of the NAC group and 5 patients of the vitamin E group with no need to discontinue the treatment. Vitamin E can be a safe and effective supplement in improving oxidative stress in patients with TDT. Moreover, it seems that a longer duration of using antioxidant supplements needs to make clinical hematologic improvement in TDT patients.
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Acetilcisteína/administración & dosificación , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Vitamina E/administración & dosificación , Talasemia beta/tratamiento farmacológico , Acetilcisteína/farmacología , Adolescente , Adulto , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Transfusión Sanguínea , Suplementos Dietéticos , Femenino , Humanos , Irán , Masculino , Oxidantes/sangre , Oxidación-Reducción/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Tiempo , Vitamina E/farmacología , Adulto Joven , Talasemia beta/sangre , Talasemia beta/terapiaRESUMEN
AIMS: This study aimed to compare the serum thiol-disulfide homeostasis, total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS) in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG) patients, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients, and healthy individuals (control). METHODS: Ninety subjects were included in this study. Three groups were separated as PEG, POAG, and control. All groups were chosen to be similar in terms of age and gender. Blood samples were obtained following an overnight fasting state and were collected on the ice at 4°C. The serum samples were separated from the cells by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 15 min and were stored at -80°C. Serum samples analyzed for TAS and TOS, native thiol, total thiol, disulfide, and native thiol/disulfide ratio. RESULTS: TAS and TOS levels of PEG patients were 1.2892 ± 0.0905 mmol/L; 5.0191 ± 2.7722 µmol/L, respectively. TAS and TOS levels of POAG patients were 1.2741 ± 0.1252 mmol/L; 4.1674 ± 1.7723 µmol/L, respectively. TAS and TOS levels of the control group were 2.3414 ± 0.1409 mmol/L; 4.0931 ± 0.1107 µmol/L, respectively. The TAS level was significantly lower in PEG and POAG groups compared to control. TOS level showed no significant differ ¬ ence between PEG, POAG, and control groups (P > 0.05). The mean serum total thiol and native thiol levels were significantly lower in patients with PEG compared to POAG and control group; there was no significant difference between the POAG and control group (P > 0.05). The mean serum disulfide level was significantly lower in patients with PEG compared to POAG (P = 0.018). CONCLUSION: Low levels of TAS were observed in patients with glaucoma, which was likely a response to the increased oxidative stress observed in these patients. While total thiol and native thiol levels were higher in the PEG group, the disulfide level was higher in the POAG group. TAS and TOS levels showed no significant difference between POAG and PEG groups.
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Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Disulfuros/sangre , Síndrome de Exfoliación/sangre , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/sangre , Homeostasis/fisiología , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo/sangre , Adulto , Antioxidantes/análisis , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Disulfuros/metabolismo , Síndrome de Exfoliación/metabolismo , Femenino , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Óxido Nítrico/sangre , Oxidantes/sangre , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo/metabolismoRESUMEN
This study was conducted to determine the serum and milk levels of thiobarbturic acid-reac- tive substances (TBARS), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxi- dase (GSH-Px), vitamin E and selenium, IL-4 and IL-6 in lactating dairy cows affected with bloody milk using commercially available ELISA kits. Milk and whole blood samples were collected from 60 cows affected with bloody milk and 20 apparently healthy cows for control. In the serum, levels of GSH-Px and SOD were significantly (pË0.05) higher in healthy cows compared to cows affected with bloody milk while the levels of TBARS and NO were significantly (pË0.05) higher in affected cows. In the milk, levels of SOD, TBARS and NO were significantly (pË0.05) higher in affected cows. In the serum, levels of vitamin E were significantly (pË0.05) lower in affected cows compared to healthy cows, while no significant changes were observed in the levels of this vitamin in the milk between healthy and affected cows. In the serum, levels of selenium were significantly (pË0.05) lower in affected cows while in milk, selenium levels were significantly (pË0.05) higher in affected cows compared to healthy ones. Levels of IL-4 were significantly (pË0.05) lower in the serum and milk of affected cows compared to healthy cows while levels of IL-6 were significantly (pË0.05) higher in both serum and milk of affected cows. Results of this study suggest a possible role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of bloody milk in dairy cows.
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Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Leche/química , Oxidantes/sangre , Animales , Antioxidantes/química , Biomarcadores , Bovinos , Femenino , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Glutatión Peroxidasa/química , Interleucina-4/sangre , Interleucina-4/química , Interleucina-6/sangre , Interleucina-6/química , Óxido Nítrico/sangre , Óxido Nítrico/química , Oxidantes/química , Selenio/sangre , Selenio/química , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangre , Superóxido Dismutasa/química , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/química , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Vitamina E/sangre , Vitamina E/químicaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Considering the knowledge gap between underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of oxidative stress and increased cardiovascular risk, the present study aimed to examine the potential relationship between total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) and the Reynolds Risk Score (RRS) in the cohort of postmenopausal women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 126 postmenopausal women participated in this cross-sectional study. Blood pressure, anthropometric and biochemical markers were determined. OSI was calculated as the TOS/TAS ratio. Associations of biochemical parameters with RRS were tested using univariable and multivariable logistic ordinal regression analysis. RESULTS: TOS and OSI were the highest in women in high RRS category compared to moderate and low risk ones (p<0.001, for both). There was no difference in TAS level across RRS categories (p=0.370). Multivariable ordinal regression analysis showed independent association of TOS and OSI with RRS when tested with other clinical variables [OR=2.45; 95% CI (1.08-5.53); p=0.031 and OR=2.84; 95% CI (1.27-6.36); p=0.011, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: TOS and OSI are associated with the RRS in the cohort of postmenopausal women. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm whether adding the TOS and OSI to the standard RRS algorithm could improve its potential to predict cardiovascular event.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Oxidantes/sangre , Estrés Oxidativo , Posmenopausia/sangre , Anciano , Biomarcadores/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The ABO blood group system is a genetic polymorphism which can affect the clearance of von Willebrand factor. We aimed to assess the levels of newer biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk; pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and anti-heat-shock protein27 (anti-Hsp27) antibody titers in subjects with various blood groups (A, B, AB and O) and with or without traditional CVD risk factors. METHODS: The cross-sectional study comprised 6910 subjects. Antigen-antibody agglutination was evaluated by the slide test method for identification of ABO blood groups. RESULTS: Among three markers, only Serum anti-Hsp27 titers significantly differed between the four blood groups and showed the highest and lowest values in AB and O blood groups (0.26 ± 0.22 and 0.23 ± 0.18 OD, respectively; P < 0.05). Serum anti-Hsp27 was higher in individuals with an AB blood group with metabolic syndrome (MetS), dyslipidemia, hypertension (HTN) and obesity and it was lower in subjects with O blood group; though, two other biomarkers, serum PAB and hs-CRP, were not significantly different between the ABO blood groups. However, they were not different among blood groups in participants with or without diabetes mellitus (DM) (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Individuals with an AB blood group and high levels of anti-Hsp27 antibody titers may be predisposed to CVDs that can be mediated through the traditional CVD risk factors among middle-aged subjects from northeastern Iran. The fact that differences in anti Hsp27 are only found in the subgroup with other risk factors suggest that the difference between ABO blood groups is a consequence rather than a cause.
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Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Oxidantes/sangre , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/sangre , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Estudios Transversales , Diabetes Mellitus/fisiopatología , Dislipidemias/fisiopatología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/sangre , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/inmunología , Humanos , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Irán/epidemiología , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólico/fisiopatología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Chaperonas Moleculares/sangre , Chaperonas Moleculares/inmunología , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Pronóstico , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Cytarabine is effectively used in the treatment of adult acute leukemia, but it has a dose-limiting side effect of fatal pulmonary oedema because it increases the vascular permeability of the alveolar capillaries. The aim of the present study was to conduct a radiological, biochemical and histopathological investigation of the effect of rutin on cytarabine-associated pulmonary oedema in rats. Rats were treated with a combination of rutin+cytarabine by administering oral rutin at a dose of 50 mg/kg; other rat groups were orally administered the same volume of physiological saline. One hour after administration of rutin or saline, the rutin+cytarabine and cytarabine groups received an intraperitoneal injection of cytarabine (200 mg/kg). This administration procedure was repeated once a day for 14 days. Radiologically, 50% of the animals given cytarabine alone showed lung oedema, but the rutin+cytarabine group showed no oedema. The inclusion of rutin decreased the amounts of cytarabine-associated malondialdehyde, tumour necrosis factor-α, and nuclear factor-κB in the lung tissue. Rutin also inhibited the reduction of total glutathione by nitric oxide. These findings suggest that rutin may be a beneficial adjunct that can minimise the development of cytarabine-associated pulmonary oedema.
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Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Citarabina/efectos adversos , Edema Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Rutina/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Masculino , FN-kappa B/análisis , Oxidantes/sangre , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Edema Pulmonar/inducido químicamente , Edema Pulmonar/patología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Rutina/farmacología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of oxidative stress before and after breast cancer surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was tested using a thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay based on the release of a color complex due to TBA reaction with MDA. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was evaluated by enzymatic conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. The level of total glutathione (reduced GSH and oxidized GSSG) was detected using a recycling system by 5,5-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). The levels of the indices were determined in the serum of 52 patients before surgery, two hours and five days after surgery, and in 42 healthy women. RESULTS: In the patients over 50 years old the level of MDA was higher after surgery in comparison with before surgery, and GST activity was lower in comparison with the control. The GSH + GSSG level in both ages groups after surgery was lower than in the control. Significant differences of MDA level were detected in patients with stage III after surgery compared to the control. The level of GSH + GSSG was significantly lower in the patients with I-III stages compared to the control. CONCLUSION: The most expressed changes demonstrate the significance of MDA as a marker to evaluate oxidative stress in breast cancer patients. The degree of oxidative stress depends on the patient's age and stage of disease.
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Antioxidantes/análisis , Neoplasias de la Mama/sangre , Oxidantes/sangre , Periodo Posoperatorio , Periodo Preoperatorio , Adulto , Femenino , Glutatión Transferasa/análisis , Glutatión Transferasa/sangre , Humanos , Malondialdehído/análisis , Malondialdehído/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estrés Oxidativo , Tiobarbitúricos/análisis , Tiobarbitúricos/sangreRESUMEN
Oxidative stress has been reported to increase with aging, and although several age-related changes in redox parameters have been described, none of them have been verified as markers of the rate of aging and life span. Therefore, antioxidant (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reductase activities, and reduced glutathione) and oxidant (oxidized glutathione, basal superoxide anion, and malondialdehyde concentrations) parameters were studied in whole blood cells from humans divided into different age groups (adult, mature, older adult, nonagenarian, and centenarian) in a cross-sectional study. Moreover, the same parameters were investigated in peritoneal leukocytes of mice at the analogous human ages (adult, mature, old, very old, and long-lived) in a longitudinal study as well as in adult prematurely aging mice. The results reveal that the age-related alterations of these markers are similar in humans and mice, with decreased antioxidants and increased oxidants in old participants, whereas long-lived individuals show similar values to those in adults. In addition, adult prematurely aging mice showed similar values to those in chronologically old mice and had a shorter life span than nonprematurely aging mice. Thus, these parameters could be proposed as markers of the rate of aging and used to ascertain biological age in humans.
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Envejecimiento/sangre , Longevidad/fisiología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Envejecimiento/metabolismo , Envejecimiento Prematuro/metabolismo , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Catalasa/sangre , Catalasa/metabolismo , Estudios Transversales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Glutatión/sangre , Glutatión/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Reductasa/sangre , Glutatión Reductasa/metabolismo , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oxidantes/sangre , Oxidantes/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción , Estrés OxidativoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the predictive power of plasma prolidase activity and oxidative-stress parameters for distinguishing in patients with various causes of non-traumatic abdominal pain who presented to the emergency department. METHODS: This study enrolled 100 consecutive adult patients and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The patients were divided into surgically treated patients (STP); medically treated patients (MTP) and nonspecific abdominal pain (NSAP) patients. As predictors of early oxidative changes, the plasma prolidase activity, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were assessed using a novel automated method. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed between the patients and the controls with respect to age or sex (pâ¯=â¯0.837 and 0.188, respectively). The plasma TOS, OSI value, and prolidase activity were significantly higher in the patients with abdominal pain than in the controls (pâ¯<â¯0.001, pâ¯=â¯0.001, and pâ¯<â¯0.001, respectively); however, there was no significant difference in the TAS (pâ¯=â¯0.211). The mean plasma TOS, OSI value, and prolidase activity differed significantly among the three groups (pâ¯<â¯0.001, pâ¯=â¯0.001, and pâ¯<â¯0.001, respectively). The STP had the highest TOS and prolidase activity. However, there was no significant difference in the mean plasma TAS in either group of patients (pâ¯=â¯0.419). CONCLUSION: The plasma prolidase activity and TOS level, as biomarkers of oxidative stress, enable discrimination of patients with NSAP from those with surgical abdominal pain that requires emergent surgical treatment.
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Abdomen Agudo/sangre , Dipeptidasas/sangre , Estrés Oxidativo , Abdomen Agudo/enzimología , Abdomen Agudo/etiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oxidantes/sangre , Estudios Prospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Alcohol abuse is a well-known cause of imbalance in trace element levels and oxidant/antioxidant status of individuals with long time consumption. However, the levels of these parameters in the patients on the early stages of alcohol dependence without liver damage differ on various studies. The aim of our study was to measure the levels of trace elements in the serum and oxidative/antioxidative system members in the red blood cells (RBC) of early-stage alcoholic individuals and compare with control subjects. Our study included 21 male patients recently hospitalized for alcohol abuse and 25 healthy non-abusing male controls. Levels of Fe, Zn, and Cu in the serum and MDA, SOD, CAT, and GSH in the red blood cells (RBC) of the subjects were measured. Fe, Zn, and Cu levels were lower in the study group when compared to the controls. Levels of lipid peroxidation marker MDA was high, whereas the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT were decreased in our study group. However, levels of GSH, an antioxidant compound were higher in the alcohol abuse group. RBC SOD levels were positively correlated with Fe, Cu, Zn, and CAT. There was a positive correlation between Fe-Cu, Zn-Fe, Zn-Cu, CAT-Zn, and CAT-SOD. MDA was negatively correlated with Fe, Zn, SOD, and CAT. The results obtained from present study indicate that high levels of alcohol intake are related with increased oxidative damage and decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes and trace elements. Additionally, antioxidant compensation mechanisms are still on process in the early stages of chronic alcohol exposure.