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1.
J Parasitol ; 110(3): 195-199, 2024 May 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38725304

RESUMEN

Prevalence values for 3 digenean species of the family Opecoelidae were calculated during a half-year period from 20 individuals per month of the fish species Clinocottus analis, collected from an intertidal environment of Baja California, Mexico. Trematode species recovered were Opecoelus adsphaericus, Opecoelus cameroni, and Opecoelus pacificus. Of these, only O. adsphaericus was present throughout the study, whereas O. pacificus and O. cameroni were recorded for 1 or 2 mo, respectively, exhibiting relatively low prevalence values. The decrease in prevalence of O. adsphaericus coincides with the appearance of O. pacificus and O. cameroni; these last 2 species were found only in the largest hosts, and their presence represents new records for Mexican marine fauna.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Peces , Trematodos , Infecciones por Trematodos , Animales , Trematodos/clasificación , Trematodos/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitología , Infecciones por Trematodos/epidemiología , México/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Perciformes/parasitología
2.
Mar Drugs ; 19(6)2021 May 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34073964

RESUMEN

Stonefish are regarded as one of the most venomous fish in the world. Research on stonefish venom has chiefly focused on the in vitro and in vivo neurological, cardiovascular, cytotoxic and nociceptive effects of the venom. The last literature review on stonefish venom was published over a decade ago, and much has changed in the field since. In this review, we have generated a global map of the current distribution of all stonefish (Synanceia) species, presented a table of clinical case reports and provided up-to-date information about the development of polyspecific stonefish antivenom. We have also presented an overview of recent advancements in the biomolecular composition of stonefish venom, including the analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data from Synanceia horrida venom gland. Moreover, this review highlights the need for further research on the composition and properties of stonefish venom, which may reveal novel molecules for drug discovery, development or other novel physiological uses.


Asunto(s)
Mordeduras y Picaduras/epidemiología , Mordeduras y Picaduras/terapia , Venenos de los Peces/envenenamiento , Peces Venenosos , Animales , Mordeduras y Picaduras/complicaciones , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/terapia , Venenos de los Peces/análisis , Venenos de los Peces/química , Peces Venenosos/fisiología , Geografía , Humanos , Océano Índico/epidemiología , Enfermedades Neuromusculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Neuromusculares/etiología , Enfermedades Neuromusculares/terapia , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología
3.
Lipids Health Dis ; 20(1): 33, 2021 Apr 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33858442

RESUMEN

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity within the Asia-Pacific region, with the prevalence of CVD risk factors such as plasma lipid disorders increasing in many Asian countries. As members of the Cardiovascular RISk Prevention (CRISP) in Asia network, the authors have focused on plasma lipid disorders in the six countries within which they have clinical experience: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, and Australia. Based on country-specific national surveys, the prevalence of abnormal levels of total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C, respectively), and triglycerides (TG) are reported. An important caveat is that countries have used different thresholds to define plasma lipid disorders, making direct comparisons difficult. The prevalence of abnormal lipid levels was as follows: high total cholesterol (30.2-47.7%, thresholds: 190-213 mg/dL); high LDL-C (33.2-47.5%; thresholds: 130-135 mg/dL); low/abnormal HDL-C (22.9-72.0%; thresholds: 39-50 mg/dL); and high/abnormal TG (13.9-38.7%; thresholds: 150-177 mg/dL). Similarities and differences between country-specific guidelines for the management of plasma lipid disorders are highlighted. Based on the authors' clinical experience, some of the possible reasons for suboptimal management of plasma lipid disorders in each country are described. Issues common to several countries include physician reluctance to prescribe high-dose and/or high-intensity statins and poor understanding of disease, treatments, and side effects among patients. Treatment costs and geographical constraints have also hampered disease management in Indonesia and the Philippines. Understanding the factors governing the prevalence of plasma lipid disorders helps enhance strategies to reduce the burden of CVD in the Asia-Pacific region.


Asunto(s)
LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Trastornos del Metabolismo de los Lípidos/sangre , Trastornos del Metabolismo de los Lípidos/epidemiología , Asia/epidemiología , Humanos , Hipolipemiantes/uso terapéutico , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Prevalencia
4.
Parasitol Res ; 120(5): 1605-1615, 2021 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33830362

RESUMEN

Parasites can be used as biological tags to assess stock structures in various marine fish species. In the present study, the species composition and infection levels of parasitic nematodes of the genus Anisakis in the skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis were examined in the Northwest Pacific and adjacent seas. A total of 867 third-stage larvae of Anisakis were collected from 112 skipjack tunas captured around Japan and in other subtropical localities. All larvae were identified as A. berlandi, A. pegreffii, A. simplex (s.s.), A. typica, and A. physeteris (s.l.) by the direct sequencing of the mitochondrial cox2 gene and real-time PCR assays targeting the nuclear ITS region. Anisakis species composition differed among northeastern Japan, the Sea of Japan, and other areas (central Japan, the Nansei Islands, and subtropical region), which is largely concordant with previous stock discrimination of skipjack tuna. Molecular phylogenetic analysis resulted in two intraspecific genetic groups in A. simplex (s.s.), one of which occurred almost exclusively in northeastern Japan. This could be a useful indicator for stock discrimination. Skipjack tunas from northeastern Japan were also characterized by a remarkable variety in the intensity of A. simplex (s.s.), suggesting the commingling of individuals with different migration patterns. This idea might be further justified by the geographic distribution of two genetically distinct groups of A. physeteris (s.l.).


Asunto(s)
Anisakiasis/parasitología , Anisakis/clasificación , Anisakis/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Atún/parasitología , Animales , Anisakiasis/epidemiología , Anisakis/genética , Peces/parasitología , Japón/epidemiología , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Filogenia
5.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 3466, 2021 02 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33568681

RESUMEN

Rapid expansion of salmon aquaculture has resulted in high-density populations that host diverse infectious agents, for which surveillance and monitoring are critical to disease management. Screening can reveal infection diversity from which disease arises, differential patterns of infection in live and dead fish that are difficult to collect in wild populations, and potential risks associated with agent transmission between wild and farmed hosts. We report results from a multi-year infectious-agent screening program of farmed salmon in British Columbia, Canada, using quantitative PCR to assess presence and load of 58 infective agents (viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotes) in 2931 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Our analysis reveals temporal trends, agent correlations within hosts, and agent-associated mortality signatures. Multiple agents, most notably Tenacibaculum maritimum, were elevated in dead and dying salmon. We also report detections of agents only recently shown to infect farmed salmon in BC (Atlantic salmon calicivirus, Cutthroat trout virus-2), detection in freshwater hatcheries of two marine agents (Kudoa thyrsites and Tenacibaculum maritimum), and detection in the ocean of a freshwater agent (Flavobacterium psychrophilum). Our results provide information for farm managers, regulators, and conservationists, and enable further work to explore patterns of multi-agent infection and farm/wild transmission risk.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Explotaciones Pesqueras , Infecciones/veterinaria , Salmo salar , Animales , Infecciones Bacterianas/epidemiología , Infecciones Bacterianas/veterinaria , Colombia Británica , Infecciones/epidemiología , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Virosis/epidemiología , Virosis/veterinaria
6.
PLoS One ; 15(12): e0244323, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33370342

RESUMEN

The Southeast Pacific comprises two Large Marine Ecosystems, the Pacific Central-American Coastal and the Humboldt Current System; and is one of the less well known in the tropical subregions in terms of biodiversity. To address this, we compared DNA barcoding repositories with the marine biodiversity species for the Southeast Pacific. We obtained a checklist of marine species in the Southeast Pacific (i.e. Colombia, Ecuador, Chile, and Peru) from the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) database and compared it with species available at the Barcoding of Life Data System (BOLD) repository. Of the 5504 species records retrieved from OBIS, 42% of them had at least one registered specimen in BOLD (including specimens around the world); however, only 4.5% of records corresponded to publicly available DNA barcodes including specimens collected from a Southeast Pacific country. The low representation of barcoded species does not vary much across the different taxonomic groups or within countries, but we observed an asymmetric distribution of DNA barcoding records for taxonomic groups along the coast, being more abundant for the Humboldt Current System than the Pacific Central-American Coastal. We observed high-level of barcode records with Barcode Index Number (BIN) incongruences, particularly for fishes (Actinopterygii = 30.27% and Elasmobranchii = 24.71%), reflecting taxonomic uncertainties for fishes, whereas for Invertebrates and Mammalia more than 85% of records were classified as data deficient or inadequate procedure for DNA barcoding. DNA barcoding is a powerful tool to study biodiversity, with a great potential to increase the knowledge of the Southeast Pacific marine biodiversity. Our results highlight the critical need for increasing taxonomic sampling effort, the number of trained taxonomic specialists, laboratory facilities, scientific collections, and genetic reference libraries.


Asunto(s)
Organismos Acuáticos/clasificación , Organismos Acuáticos/genética , Código de Barras del ADN Taxonómico/métodos , Animales , Biodiversidad , ADN , Ecosistema , Peces/clasificación , Peces/genética , Biblioteca de Genes , Invertebrados/clasificación , Invertebrados/genética , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Filogenia , América del Sur
7.
Folia Parasitol (Praha) ; 672020 Oct 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33108763

RESUMEN

The parasite communities of predatory fish can be species rich and diverse, making them effective models for studying the factors influencing temporal and spatial variation in these communities. Over a ten-year period an initial study was done on the metazoan parasite communities of Scomberomorus sierra (Jordan et Starks) from four locations on the south-central Pacific coast of Mexico. Twenty-four metazoan parasite taxa were identified from 674 S. sierra specimens: three species of Monogenea, eight Digenea, one Cestoda, one Acanthocephala, four Nematoda, five Copepoda, and two Isopoda. The parasite communities were characterised by high ectoparasite species richness, with monogeneans and some didymozoid species being numerically dominant. Community structure and species composition varied between locations, seasons and sampling years. Similarity between the component parasite communities was generally low, despite the occurrence of a distinctive set of host-specialist parasites. Interannual or local variations in some biotic and abiotic environmental factors are possible causes of the observed variations in the structure and species composition of the parasite community of S. sierra. Ecological factors were therefore considered to have more influence than phylogenetic aspects (host phylogeny) on parasite community structure.


Asunto(s)
Copépodos/fisiología , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Peces , Helmintiasis Animal/epidemiología , Helmintos/fisiología , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Animales , Biodiversidad , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Helmintiasis Animal/parasitología , México/epidemiología , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Prevalencia
8.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract ; 166: 108278, 2020 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32592842

RESUMEN

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic, the highest risk level in the infectious disease alert phase, on 11 March 2020. In the Western Pacific Region (WPR), 192,016 confirmed cases with 7125 deaths had been reported as of 8 June 2020. In people with diabetes COVID-19 can be more difficult to treat due to the wide fluctuations in blood glucose levels or presence of comorbidities such as diabetes complications, including cardiovascular disease and renal damage, which are recognized risks for adverse outcomes. National diabetes associations and governments have established guidelines for subjects with diabetes in relation to COVID-19, and are trying to supply emergency and their regularly required medical products for them. The WPR is so large and composed of such diverse countries and COVID-19 situations, no one conclusion or program applies. Instead we could see a diverse COVID-19 pandemic profile in the WPR, and several creative diagnostic and therapeutic measures undertaken. This includes drive-through screening facilities, high-speed RT-PCR technologies, convalescent patients' plasma therapy, which potentially had some positive contributions in combatting COVID-19 in the WPR as well as globally. Although the numbers of confirmed cases are currently decreasing in the region, the COVID-19 pandemic is not over, and many experts are recommending to prepare measures for potential second or third waves of COVID-19.


Asunto(s)
Betacoronavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Coronavirus/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus/fisiopatología , Neumonía Viral/complicaciones , COVID-19 , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/virología , Diabetes Mellitus/virología , Humanos , Islas del Pacífico/epidemiología , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Pandemias , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , Neumonía Viral/virología , Pronóstico , SARS-CoV-2
9.
J Vet Med Sci ; 82(6): 754-758, 2020 Jun 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32336742

RESUMEN

Although the presence of Brucella spp. in the western Pacific has been suggested by epidemiological studies on cetaceans, it has not been confirmed by bacterial isolation. Here, for the first time, we report that a marine Brucella strain was isolated in the western Pacific from a bottlenose dolphin with osteomyelitis. The isolate from the lesion was confirmed to be B. ceti of sequence type 27 by multilocus sequence typing and Bruce-ladder PCR. Infrequent-restriction-site PCR and omp2 gene sequencing revealed that molecular characteristics of this isolate were similar to those of Brucella DNA previously detected from minke whales in the western North Pacific. These results suggest that genetically related Brucella strains circulate in cetacean species in this region.


Asunto(s)
Delfín Mular/microbiología , Brucella/aislamiento & purificación , Osteomielitis/veterinaria , Animales , Brucella/genética , Brucelosis/diagnóstico , Brucelosis/microbiología , Brucelosis/veterinaria , ADN Bacteriano , Masculino , Tipificación de Secuencias Multilocus , Osteomielitis/microbiología , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa
10.
Vaccine ; 38(1): 1-9, 2020 01 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31679864

RESUMEN

Enteroviruses (EV), the major pathogens of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and herpangina, affect millions of children each year. Most human enteroviruses cause self-limited infections except polioviruses, enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), and several echoviruses (Echo) and coxsackieviruses (CV). Especially, EV-A71 has repeatedly caused large-scale outbreaks in the Asia-Pacific region since 1997. Some Asian countries have experienced cyclical outbreaks of severe EV-A71 infections and initiated development of EV-A71 vaccines. Five EV-A71 vaccine candidates have been clinically evaluated and three of them were approved for marketing in China. However, none of the China-approved products seek marketing approval in other countries. This situation supports a role for collaboration among Asian countries to facilitate clinical trials and licensure of EV-A71 vaccines. Additionally, enterovirus D68 outbreaks have been reported in the US and Taiwan currently and caused severe complications and deaths. Hence, an Asia-Pacific Network for Enterovirus Surveillance (APNES) has been established to estimate disease burden, understand virus evolution, and facilitate vaccine development through harmonizing laboratory diagnosis and data collection. Founded in 2017, the APNES is comprised of internationally recognized experts in the field of enterovirus in Asian countries working to raise awareness of this potentially fatal and debilitating disease. This article demonstrated the summaries of the first expert meeting, 2017 International Workshop on Enterovirus Surveillance and Vaccine Development, held by APNES in Taipei, Taiwan, March 2017.


Asunto(s)
Congresos como Asunto/tendencias , Enterovirus Humano A/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedad de Boca, Mano y Pie/epidemiología , Vigilancia de Guardia , Vacunas Virales/administración & dosificación , Asia/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterovirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Enterovirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterovirus/prevención & control , Enfermedad de Boca, Mano y Pie/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Boca, Mano y Pie/prevención & control , Humanos , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Taiwán/epidemiología
11.
Parasitol Int ; 75: 102025, 2020 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31733352

RESUMEN

We describe Calicotyle hydrolagi n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) infecting the cloaca of deep-water Eastern Pacific black ghost sharks, Hydrolagus melanophasma captured as bycatch at a local fishery for Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides, (Nototheniidae) in the Atacama Trench using morphological and nucleotide (LSU rRNA and SSU rRNA) data. This new species is differentiated from its congeners by a number of characters, including the absence of a cecal diverticula, the size and shape of the male copulatory organ and the shape of the vagina, as well as by differences in molecular data (SSU rRNA and LSU rRNA). The suitability of some sclerotized structures such as the male copulatory organ (MCO) as a taxonomic character is discussed; specifically, we found that the relationship between MCO and total length exhibit different trends in members of Calicotyle isolated from sharks, skates and chimaeras. Additional efforts to obtain sample of Calicotyle species and further molecular studies based on ribosomal and mitochondrial genes are necessary to clarify the degree of host specificity in this genus. Additionally, this is the first report of a member of Calicotyle to be reported in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Tiburones , Trematodos/clasificación , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Animales , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Masculino , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Filogenia , Prevalencia , ARN de Helminto/análisis , ARN Ribosómico/análisis , Trematodos/anatomía & histología , Trematodos/genética , Infecciones por Trematodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitología
12.
Parasit Vectors ; 12(1): 490, 2019 Oct 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31623679

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The monogenean Benedenia seriolae parasitizes fishes belonging to the genus Seriola, represents a species complex, and causes substantial impact on fish welfare in aquaculture systems worldwide. This study reports, for the first time, the complete mitochondrial genome of B. humboldti n. sp., a new cryptic species from the South-East Pacific (SEP). METHODS: The mitogenome of B. humboldti n. sp. was assembled from short Illumina 150 bp pair-end reads. The phylogenetic position of B. humboldti n. sp. among other closely related congeneric and confamiliar capsalids was examined using mitochondrial protein-coding genes (PCGs). Morphology of B. humboldti n. sp. was examined based on fixed and stained specimens. RESULTS: The AT-rich mitochondrial genome of B. humboldti is 13,455 bp in length and comprises 12 PCGs (atp8 was absent as in other monogenean genomes), 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. All protein-coding, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes are encoded on the H-strand. The gene order observed in the mitochondrial genome of B. humboldti n. sp. was identical to that of B. seriolae from Japan but different from that of B. seriolae from Australia. The genetic distance between B. humboldti n. sp. and B. seriolae from Japan was high. Minor but reliable differences in the shape of the penis were observed between Benedenia humboldti n. sp. and congeneric species. CONCLUSIONS: Phylogenetic analyses based on PCGs in association with differences in the shape of the penis permitted us to conclude that the material from the South-East Pacific represents a new species of Benedenia infecting S. lalandi off the coast of Chile. The discovery of this parasite represents the first step to improving our understanding of infestation dynamics and to develop control strategies for this pathogen infecting the farmed yellowtail kingfish, Seriola lalandi, in the South-East Pacific.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Genoma Mitocondrial/genética , Platelmintos/genética , Enfermedades Cutáneas Parasitarias/veterinaria , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Peces , Genes de ARNr , Anotación de Secuencia Molecular , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Filogenia , Platelmintos/anatomía & histología , Platelmintos/clasificación , ARN de Transferencia/química , ARN de Transferencia/genética , Enfermedades Cutáneas Parasitarias/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Parasitarias/parasitología , Secuencias Repetidas en Tándem/genética , Infecciones por Trematodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitología
13.
J Parasitol ; 105(4): 606-618, 2019 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31418649

RESUMEN

Specimens of 3 species of Neoechinorhynchus Stiles and Hassall, 1905, were collected from a number of species of marine fish along the Pacific coast of Vietnam. New information is added to the descriptions of Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) longnucleatus Amin, Ha, and Ha, 2011, and its wider host and geographical distribution are reported. Similarly, more descriptive information and host and geographical records are added to our knowledge of Neoechinorhynchus (Hebosoma) manubrianus Amin, Ha, and Ha, 2011, and Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) dimorphospinus Amin and Sey, 1996 . The latter species was previously known only from the Persian Gulf. The presence of the para-receptacle structure was documented in all 3 species of Neoechinorhynchus reported. The molecular characterization of N. dimorphospinus was carried out using a partial 18S rDNA sequence. The phylogenetic analysis showed that most species of Neoechinorhynchus are very closely related, while N. dimorphospinus was distinct from others in the tree. Metal analysis of hooks of N. dimorphospinus using Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis also distinguished its characteristic finger print of high phosphorus and calcium and low sulfur levels.


Asunto(s)
Acantocéfalos/genética , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Helmintiasis Animal/parasitología , Acantocéfalos/clasificación , Acantocéfalos/aislamiento & purificación , Acantocéfalos/ultraestructura , Animales , ADN de Helmintos/química , ADN Ribosómico/química , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Peces , Helmintiasis Animal/epidemiología , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , ARN de Helminto/genética , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Espectrometría por Rayos X , Vietnam
14.
J Parasitol ; 105(2): 303-312, 2019 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30990771

RESUMEN

Collection of cestodes from the Taiwan saddled carpetshark, Cirrhoscyllium formosanum, for the first time led to the discovery of Pentaloculum hoi n. sp. This species provided important insights into the identity of the heretofore monotypic Pentaloculum-known previously only from the blind electric ray, Typhlonarke aysoni, in New Zealand. The new species differs from Pentaloculum macrocephalum in testis number, vitelline follicle and cirrus sac configuration, and in that it is hyperapolytic rather than euapolytic. Maximum-likelihood analysis of sequence data generated for the D1-D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene not only confirmed this generic placement but also confirmed the close affinities between both species of Pentaloculum and specimens previously referred to in the literature as new genus 7 n. sp. 1. Examination of limited material of the latter, including that of a second specimen from which partial 28S rDNA sequence data were generated here, led to the realization that new genus 7 n. sp. 1 represents an undescribed species of Pentaloculum, referred to here as Pentaloculum n. sp. 2. All 3 species share bothridia divided into 1 anterior and 2 consecutive pairs of loculi. Given that Pentaloculum n. sp. 2 parasitizes a member of the second and only other genus of parascylliid sharks (i.e., Parascyllium), we predict that the 4 other species of Parascyllium and the 2 other species of Cirrhoscyllium are likely to host other species of Pentaloculum. The factors that might account for the eclectic host associations of Pentaloculum, which include a torpediniform ray and 2 species of orectilobiform sharks, are currently unclear. The compilation of diet data for these elasmobranchs and determination of the final intermediate hosts for these cestodes would be interesting avenues of further investigation given that cestodes are trophically transmitted between their intermediate and definitive hosts. The phylogenetic affinities of Pentaloculum among elasmobranch cestodes remain unresolved.


Asunto(s)
Cestodos/clasificación , Infecciones por Cestodos/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Tiburones/parasitología , Animales , Cestodos/genética , Cestodos/aislamiento & purificación , Cestodos/ultraestructura , Infecciones por Cestodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Cestodos/parasitología , ADN de Helmintos/química , ADN de Helmintos/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Intestinos/parasitología , Funciones de Verosimilitud , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo/veterinaria , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Filogenia , Prevalencia , ARN Ribosómico 28S/genética , Taiwán/epidemiología
15.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther ; 49(7): 904-911, 2019 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30773656

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: There appear to be differences in risk factor profiles for IBD between Asia-Pacific and Western populations, which might suggest idiosyncrasies in pathogenesis. Recently, sex-based differences in IBD according to the age of diagnosis have been described in Western populations. AIM: To identify whether sex-based differences in IBD incidence similarly exist across the age spectrum for Asia-Pacific populations. METHODS: We identified Asia-Pacific population-based cohorts where IBD incidence data stratified by sex were available for the full age spectrum. Cohorts were included only if IBD diagnoses were confirmed and validated. We calculated incidence rate ratios of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) according to age and compared differences between males and females using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: Among 567.8 million people from 11 Asia-Pacific countries/provinces/nations, we identified 10 553 incident CD cases (7060 males; 3493 females) and 16 946 incident UC cases (9754 males; 7192 females). Starting in early adolescence until age 50 years, there was a 36%-64% higher incidence of CD in males vs females (P < 0.001). UC incidence ranged from 20%-42% higher in males vs females in the age groups between 15 and 65 years (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In a pooled analysis of population-based studies from the Asia-Pacific region, we found a male predominance of both CD and UC for the majority of the age spectrum from adolescence to middle/late-middle age. Additional studies are needed to clarify biological and nonbiological determinants of sex differences in IBD, which might be distinct between Asia-Pacific and Western populations.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/epidemiología , Vigilancia de la Población , Caracteres Sexuales , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Asia/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Vigilancia de la Población/métodos , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto Joven
16.
Sci Adv ; 5(1): eaau7042, 2019 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30729157

RESUMEN

Multihost infectious disease outbreaks have endangered wildlife, causing extinction of frogs and endemic birds, and widespread declines of bats, corals, and abalone. Since 2013, a sea star wasting disease has affected >20 sea star species from Mexico to Alaska. The common, predatory sunflower star (Pycnopodia helianthoides), shown to be highly susceptible to sea star wasting disease, has been extirpated across most of its range. Diver surveys conducted in shallow nearshore waters (n = 10,956; 2006-2017) from California to Alaska and deep offshore (55 to 1280 m) trawl surveys from California to Washington (n = 8968; 2004-2016) reveal 80 to 100% declines across a ~3000-km range. Furthermore, timing of peak declines in nearshore waters coincided with anomalously warm sea surface temperatures. The rapid, widespread decline of this pivotal subtidal predator threatens its persistence and may have large ecosystem-level consequences.


Asunto(s)
Epidemias , Calor/efectos adversos , Rayos Infrarrojos/efectos adversos , Estrellas de Mar , Síndrome Debilitante/epidemiología , Síndrome Debilitante/etiología , Animales , Ecosistema , Explotaciones Pesqueras , Océanos y Mares/epidemiología , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Conducta Predatoria , Síndrome Debilitante/mortalidad
17.
Int J Cardiol ; 282: 93-98, 2019 05 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30745254

RESUMEN

Cardiac troponin is a sensitive and specific biomarker for acute myocardial injury and has been used in the diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes, and has emerged as a tool for identifying high risk individuals for primary preventive therapy. Recent evidence has emerged indicating that high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays, which allow robust detection of very low troponin concentrations, could detect subclinical injury in asymptomatic patients. On 24 March 2018, a group of cardiologists from the Asia Pacific region convened to review the data and discuss the potential utility of high-sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) in the risk assessment of cardiovascular disease in the general population. The group recognized the immense burden of cardiovascular disease in the Asia-Pacific region, and the limitations of current risk stratification strategies. Data demonstrates that cardiac biomarkers like hsTnI could improve risk stratification, and thresholds for hsTnI in cardiovascular disease risk classification have been developed in Caucasian populations but not validated in Asian populations. There is an urgent need to improve cardiovascular risk assessment in the Asia Pacific general population, validate the Asian threshold of high risk and prove the utility of targeting these high-risk individuals for primary preventive strategies.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Asintomáticas/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Troponina I/sangre , Asia/epidemiología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Humanos , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo
18.
J Wildl Dis ; 55(1): 169-173, 2019 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30096036

RESUMEN

Fibropapillomatosis is a neoplastic disease that afflicts sea turtles. Although it is disseminated worldwide, cases of the disease have not been reported in the southeastern Pacific region. We describe a case of fibropapillomatosis in a green sea turtle ( Chelonia mydas) during its rehabilitation at the Machalilla National Park Rehabilitation Center, Ecuador. Viral presence was confirmed by PCR, targeting fragments of the chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) unique long (UL) genes, UL27, UL28, and UL30. The amplicons were sequenced and included in a global phylogenetic analysis of the virus with other reported sequences from GenBank. Results showed that the available viral sequences segregated into five phylogeographic groups: western Atlantic and eastern Caribbean, central Pacific, western Pacific, Atlantic, and eastern Pacific groups. The concatenated ChHV5 sequences from Ecuador clustered with the eastern Pacific sequences.


Asunto(s)
Alphaherpesvirinae/genética , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Neoplasias Cutáneas/veterinaria , Tortugas/virología , Animales , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Filogenia , Neoplasias Cutáneas/virología
20.
Parasite ; 25: 53, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30457552

RESUMEN

Two deep-sea shark species were obtained as by-catch of the local fishery of the Patagonian toothfish, Dissostichus eleginoides, at depths ranging from 1000 to 2200 m off central and northern Chile. A total of 19 parasite taxa were found in 133 specimens of the southern lanternshark, Etmopterus granulosus, (n = 120) and largenose catshark, Apristurus nasutus, (n = 13). Fourteen taxa (four Monogenea, one Digenea, four Cestoda, one Nematoda, two Copepoda, one Annelida and one Thecostraca) were found in E. granulosus, whereas five taxa (one Monogenea, two Cestoda and two Nematoda) were found in A. nasutus. Representatives of Cestoda showed higher values of prevalence and a greater intensity of infection; this pattern is consistent with reports for elasmobranchs, but the monogenean richness was higher than that previously reported for related deep-sea sharks. Regarding E. granulosus, a positive and significant correlation between host length and abundance was found for six (four ectoparasites, one mesoparasite, and one endoparasite) of the 14 taxa recorded, but prevalence was significantly correlated with host length only for the monogenean Asthenocotyle sp. Although the sample size for A. nasutus was limited, we compared richness, abundance, diversity and evenness at the infracommunity and component community levels. All of these variables were higher for E. granulosus, but at the infracommunity level, abundance was higher for A. nasutus. All the parasite taxa (except two) represent new host and geographical records.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Cestodos/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Infecciones por Nematodos/veterinaria , Parásitos/aislamiento & purificación , Tiburones/parasitología , Animales , Anélidos/genética , Cestodos/genética , Cestodos/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Cestodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Cestodos/parasitología , Chile/epidemiología , Copépodos/genética , Explotaciones Pesqueras , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Nematodos/genética , Nematodos/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Nematodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Nematodos/parasitología , Océano Pacífico/epidemiología , Parásitos/clasificación , Parásitos/genética , Perciformes/parasitología , Alimentos Marinos
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