RESUMEN
Stem strength plays a crucial role in the growth and development of plants, as well as in their flowering and fruiting. It not only impacts the lodging resistance of crops, but also influences the ornamental value of ornamental plants. Stem development is closely linked to stem strength; however, the roles of the SPL transcription factors in the stem development of herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) are not yet fully elucidated. In this study, we obtained and cloned the full-length sequence of PlSPL14, encoding 1085 amino acids. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the expression level of PlSPL14 gradually increased with the stem development of P. lactiflora and was significantly expressed in vascular bundles. Subsequently, utilizing the techniques of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and heterologous overexpression in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), it was determined that PlSPL14-silenced P. lactiflora had a thinner xylem thickness, a decreased stem diameter, and weakened stem strength, while PlSPL14-overexpressing tobacco resulted in a thicker xylem thickness, an increased stem diameter, and enhanced stem strength. Further screening of the interacting proteins of PlSPL14 using a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay revealed an interactive relationship between PlSPL14 and PlSLR1 protein, which acts as a negative regulator of gibberellin (GA). Additionally, the expression level of PlSLR1 gradually decreased during the stem development of P. lactiflora. The above results suggest that PlSPL14 may play a positive regulatory role in stem development and act in the xylem, making it a potential candidate gene for enhancing stem straightness in plants.
Asunto(s)
Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Paeonia , Proteínas de Plantas , Tallos de la Planta , Tallos de la Planta/genética , Tallos de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Tallos de la Planta/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Paeonia/genética , Paeonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Paeonia/metabolismo , Nicotiana/genética , Nicotiana/crecimiento & desarrollo , Nicotiana/metabolismo , Xilema/genética , Xilema/metabolismo , Xilema/crecimiento & desarrollo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/crecimiento & desarrollo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Clonación Molecular , FilogeniaRESUMEN
Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) is a woody plant with high ornamental, medicinal, and oil values. However, its low rooting rate and poor rooting quality are bottleneck issues in the micropropagation of P. ostii. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) family plays a crucial role in root development. In this study, based on the screening of the genome and root transcriptome database, we identified ten WOX members in P. ostii. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the ten PoWOX proteins clustered into three major clades, the WUS, intermediate, and ancient clade, respectively. The conserved motifs and tertiary structures of PoWOX proteins located in the same clade exhibited higher similarity. The analysis of cis-regulatory elements in the promoter indicated that PoWOX genes are involved in plant growth and development, phytohormones, and stress responses. The expression analysis revealed that PoWOX genes are expressed in distinct tissues. PoWOX4, PoWOX5, PoWOX11, and PoWOX13b are preferentially expressed in roots at the early stage of root primordium formation, suggesting their role in the initiation and development of roots. These results will provide a comprehensive reference for the evolution and potential function of the WOX family and offer guidance for further study on the root development of tree peony.
Asunto(s)
Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Homeodominio , Paeonia , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas , Raíces de Plantas , Paeonia/genética , Paeonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Paeonia/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Homeodominio/genética , Proteínas de Homeodominio/metabolismo , Familia de Multigenes , Genoma de Planta , Perfilación de la Expresión GénicaRESUMEN
Adventitious root (AR) formation is a limiting factor in the vegetative propagation of tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.). PoARRO-1, which encodes an auxin oxidase involved in AR formation, plays a role in the root development of P. ostii, but its associated molecular regulatory mechanisms are not yet understood. In this study, we examined the role of PoARRO-1 in AR formation in P. ostii. The overexpression of PoARRO-1 in P. ostii test-tube plantlets led to a notable enhancement in both the rooting rate and the average number of ARs in vitro, as well as increased activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and indoleacetic acid oxidase (IAAO). PoARRO-1 was involved in the conversion of IAA-Asp and IAA-Glu to OxIAA and promoted IAA oxidation. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that PoARRO-1 overexpression led to upregulation of enzyme activity, auxin metabolism related genes. Further analyses showed that PoARRO-1 interacted with the 1-175 aa position of PoIAA27b to regulate the formation of ARs. We therefore propose that PoARRO-1 interacts with PoIAA27b to promote AR formation, and it may be useful targets for enhancing the in vitro propagation of P. ostii.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Indolacéticos , Paeonia , Proteínas de Plantas , Raíces de Plantas , Paeonia/genética , Paeonia/metabolismo , Paeonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , PeroxidasasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is extensively cultivated in China due to its root being used as a traditional Chinese medicine known as 'Radix Paeoniae Alba'. In recent years, it has been discovered that its seeds incorporate abundant unsaturated fatty acids, thereby presenting a potential new oilseed plant. Surprisingly, little is known about the full-length transcriptome sequencing of Paeonia lactiflora, limiting research into its gene function and molecular mechanisms. RESULTS: A total of 484,931 Reads of Inserts (ROI) sequences and 1,455,771 full-Length non-chimeric reads (FLNC) sequences were obtained for CDS prediction, TF analysis, SSR analysis and lncRNA identification. In addition, gene function annotation and gene structure analysis were performed. A total of 4905 transcripts were related to lipid metabolism biosynthesis pathway, belonging to 28 enzymes. We use these data to identify 10 oleosin (OLE) and 5 diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) gene members after de-redundancy. The analysis of physicochemical properties and secondary structure showed them similarity in gene family respectively. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the distribution of OLE and DGAT family members was roughly the same as that of Arabidopsis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses revealed expression changes in different seed development stages, and showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing. CONCLUSION: In summary, these results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis and storage during the seedling stage in Paeonia lactiflora. It provides theoretical references for selecting and breeding oil varieties and understanding the functions of oil storage as well as lipid synthesis related genes in Paeonia lactiflora.
Asunto(s)
Paeonia , Semillas , Transcriptoma , Triglicéridos , Paeonia/genética , Paeonia/metabolismo , Paeonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Semillas/genética , Semillas/metabolismo , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Triglicéridos/biosíntesis , Filogenia , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Genes de Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Diacilglicerol O-Acetiltransferasa/genética , Diacilglicerol O-Acetiltransferasa/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/genéticaRESUMEN
The low survival rate of transplanted plantlets, which has limited the utility of tissue-culture-based methods for the rapid propagation of tree peonies, is due to plantlet dormancy after rooting. We previously determined that the auxin response factor PsARF may be a key regulator of tree peony dormancy. To clarify the mechanism mediating tree peony plantlet dormancy, PsARF genes were systematically identified and analyzed. Additionally, PsARF16a was transiently expressed in the leaves of tree peony plantlets to examine its regulatory effects on a downstream gene network. Nineteen PsARF genes were identified and divided into four classes. All PsARF genes encoded proteins with conserved B3 and ARF domains. The number of motifs, exons, and introns varied between PsARF genes in different classes. The overexpression of PsARF16a altered the expression of NCED, ZEP, PYL, GA2ox1, GID1, and other key genes in abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) signal transduction pathways, thereby promoting ABA synthesis and decreasing GA synthesis. Significant changes to the expression of some key genes contributing to starch and sugar metabolism (e.g., AMY2A, BAM3, BGLU, STP, and SUS2) may be associated with the gradual conversion of sugar into starch. This study provides important insights into PsARF functions in tree peonies.
Asunto(s)
Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Paeonia , Latencia en las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Latencia en las Plantas/genética , Paeonia/genética , Paeonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Paeonia/metabolismo , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Giberelinas/metabolismo , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/genética , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismo , Árboles/genética , Árboles/crecimiento & desarrollo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/genéticaRESUMEN
The MYB transcription factor (TF) is crucial for plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stress, but it is rarely reported in the herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.). Here, an MYB TF gene was isolated, and based on our prior mRNA data from P. lactiflora samples, it was treated with drought stress (DS). Its complete cDNA structure was 1314 bp, which encoded 291 amino acids (aa). Furthermore, using sequence alignment analysis, we demonstrated that PlMYB108 was an R2R3-MYB TF. We also revealed that PlMYB108 was primarily localized in the nucleus. Its levels rose during DS, and it was positively correlated with drought tolerance (DT) in P. lactiflora. In addition, when PlMYB108 was overexpressed in tobacco plants, the flavonoid content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and photosynthesis were markedly elevated. Hence, the transgenic plants had stronger DT with a higher leaf water content and lower H2O2 accumulation compared to the wild-type (WT) plants. Based on these results, PlMYB108 is a vital gene that serves to increase flavonoid accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), scavenging capacity, and photosynthesis to confer DT. The results would provide a genetic resource for molecular breeding to enhance plant DT.
Asunto(s)
Sequías , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Paeonia/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-myb/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Paeonia/genética , Paeonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fotosíntesis , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/crecimiento & desarrollo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-myb/genética , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genéticaRESUMEN
Paeonia ostii var. lishizhenii has emerged as a valuable oil-producing crop with splendid characteristic of high α-linolenic acid (C18:3, ALA) content in its seed oil for healthy food supplement, but the molecular mechanism for seed ALA accumulation remains enigmatic. In our previous report, a PoSAD gene encoding stearoyl-ACP desaturase had been cloned and functional charactered for the first desaturation procedure involved in ALA biosynthesis pathway in P. ostii var. lishizhenii endosperms, while other participants have not been identified to date. In this study, full-length cDNAs of PoFAD2 (1489 bp), PoFAD6 (1638 bp), and PoFAD3 (1709 bp) were isolated based on our recent transcriptome sequencing data. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that the PoFADs were closest to their counterparts from Paeoniaceae species P. ludlowii, P. rockii, and P. suffruticosa in phylogenetic tree, which shared highly conserved histidine boxes (HXXXH, HXXHH, and HXXHH), exhibiting typical characters of membrane-bound desaturases in higher plants. Additionally, the PoFAD2 and PoFAD3 were specifically expressed and highly associated with LA and ALA accumulation in developing endosperms, whereas PoFAD6 expression has no significantly difference during whole seed developing stages. The catalytic function of these PoFADs were further analyzed by heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana. The results showed that PoFAD2 and PoFAD6 could catalyze linoleic acid (C18:2) synthesis, while PoFAD3 had ability to produce ALA. This study functional identified three PoFAD genes, which indicates their critical roles in ALA biosynthesis pathway in P. ostii var. lishizhenii, and is of great theoretical and practical meaning on breeding and cultivating new tree peony varieties to promote human health and nutrition supplement.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Graso Desaturasas/genética , Ácido Graso Desaturasas/metabolismo , Paeonia/genética , Paeonia/metabolismo , Semillas/genética , Semillas/metabolismo , Ácido alfa-Linolénico/biosíntesis , Ácido alfa-Linolénico/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Vías Biosintéticas , Productos Agrícolas/genética , Productos Agrícolas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Productos Agrícolas/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Genes de Plantas , Paeonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
The introduction of herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) in low-latitude areas is of great significance to expand the landscape application of this world-famous ornamental. With the hazards of climate warming, warm winters occurs frequently, which makes many excellent northern herbaceous peony cultivars unable to meet their chilling requirements (CR) and leads to their poor growth and flowering in southern China. Exploring the endodormancy release mechanism of underground buds is crucial for improving low-CR cultivar screening and breeding. A systematic study was conducted on P. lactiflora 'Meiju', a screened cultivar with a typical low-CR trait introduced from northern China, at the morphological, physiological and molecular levels. The CR value of 'Meiju' was further verified as 677.5 CUs based on the UT model and morphological observation. As a kind of signal transducer, reactive oxygen species (ROS) released a signal to enter dormancy, which led to corresponding changes in carbohydrate and hormone metabolism in buds, thus promoting underground buds to acquire strong cold resistance and enter endodormancy. The expression of important genes related to ABA metabolism, such as NCED3, PP2C, CBF4 and ABF2, reached peaks at the critical stage of endodormancy release (9 January) and then decreased rapidly; the expression of the GA2ox8 gene related to GA synthesis increased significantly in the early stage of endodormancy release and decreased rapidly after the release of ecodormancy (23 January). Cytological observation showed that the period when the sugar and starch contents decreased and the ABA/GA ratio decreased was when 'Meiju' bud endodormancy was released. This study reveals the endodormancy regulation mechanism of 'Meiju' buds with the low-CR trait, which lays a theoretical foundation for breeding new herbaceous peony cultivars with the low-CR trait.
Asunto(s)
Paeonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Latencia en las Plantas , Clima , Frío , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Paeonia/genética , Paeonia/fisiología , Fitomejoramiento , Estaciones del AñoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Paeonia ostii seeds were identified as novel sources of edible plant oil with a high proportion of α-linolenic acid, a type of n-3 fatty acid with many health benefits. Due to the unreliability of seed oil content and quality, it is necessary to discover the mechanism underlying lipid biosynthesis in Paeonia ostii seeds. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the key genes involved in lipid biosynthesis in Paeonia ostii seeds by analyzing the relationship among the seed characteristics and the expression patterns of lipid genes in Paeonia ostii during seed development. METHODS: Preliminary research on Paeonia ostii seed development was carried out from 10 days after pollination until maturity, focusing on phenology, oil content and lipid profiles. In addition, we investigated the spatiotemporal expression of 36 lipid biosynthetic genes in Paeonia ostii by using quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: The results suggested that the development of Paeonia ostii seeds from pollination to maturity could be divided into three periods. The 36 lipid genes showed various spatiotemporal expression patterns and five gene groups with distinct temporal patterns during seed development were identified by clustering analysis of expression data. Furthermore, the relationships between gene expression and lipid/fatty acid accumulation and some candidate key lipid genes were discussed. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided the global patterns of fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis-related gene expression, which are critical to understanding the molecular basis of lipid biosynthesis and identifying the lipid accumulation rate-limiting genes during seed development.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos/genética , Lípidos/biosíntesis , Paeonia/genética , Semillas/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Lípidos/genética , Lipogénesis/genética , Paeonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Transcriptoma/genéticaRESUMEN
The natural fluorescence of tree peony is short. Forcing culture, mainly by defoliation and gibberellin (GA) treatment, is frequently used for its industrial production. We previously found forcing culture to be coordinated by non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs). Herein, we further revealed the specific role of NSCs during this process. We observed that both defoliation and GA treatment increased the photosynthesis in the bracts, and defoliation had a greater effect on NSC assimilation. We further determined the NSC content and PsSWEETs expression in the bracts, and the results indicated that GA may contribute more to NSC allocation by inducing PsSWEET7. Furthermore, we determined the trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) content and sugar signaling-related gene (PsTPS1, PsSnRK1, and PsHXK1) expression in both the petals and bracts and found that both defoliation and GA treatment induced T6P levels as well as PsTPS1 expression in both tissues. This indicated that the sugar signaling pathway may also be involved in NSC-coordinated tree peony flowering. In particular, PsSnRK1 was more rapidly induced in the bracts (as an energy shortage response) in the control plants and was completely prohibited by defoliation and GA treatment, indicating the key role of the bracts in sugar signaling. In conclusion, NSCs induced tree peony flowering both as an energy substrate and sugar signaling trigger, with the bracts playing an essential role. These results may provide further evidence on the mechanism of NSC-coordinated flower opening in tree peony under forcing culture conditions, which may also provide a foundation for improving this technology.
Asunto(s)
Carbohidratos , Flores , Paeonia , Transducción de Señal , Flores/genética , Flores/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Paeonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Paeonia/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Azúcares , ÁrbolesRESUMEN
In last ten years, much attention focused on tree peony fruit (TPF) for edible oil production despite other potential utilization. The present study identified and quantified 29 bioactive components by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QqQ-MS) targeted approach during the development of TPF. Trans-resveratrol, benzoic acid, luteolin, and methyl gallate were selected as predominant chemical markers between seeds and pods through principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Extremely high levels of paeoniflorin (1893 mg/100 g) and trans-resveratrol (1793 mg/100 g) were observed at stage 2 (S2) and S6 in seeds, respectively. Antioxidant activities determined by ABTS+â¢, DPPHâ¢, and FRAP assays showed significant correlations with total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The strongest antibacterial effects of pod and seed against Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris occurred at initial stages and maturation stages. TPF could be a potential source of bioactive compounds with functional properties.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/análisis , Frutas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Paeonia/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Cromatografía Liquida , Flavonoides/análisis , Recuperación de Fluorescencia tras Fotoblanqueo , Frutas/química , Análisis de los Mínimos Cuadrados , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Paeonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fenoles/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/química , Proteus vulgaris/efectos de los fármacos , Semillas/química , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray/métodos , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray/estadística & datos numéricos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Paeonia ostii is now being extensively planted for oil extraction in China, which is recognized as a single oil-use tree peony cultivar and commonly called 'Fengdan'. This study investigated the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on oil yield, fatty acid compositions and antioxidant activity of P. ostii. Oil yield (33.46 %), oleic acid (25.12 %), linoleic acid (29.21 %) and α-linolenic acid (43.12 %) reached the maximum at N450 treatment, with significant differences compared with other treatments (P<0.05). Furthermore, strong antioxidant activity with low DPPHIC50 value (19.43±1.91â µg mL-1 ) and large ABTS value (1216.53±30.21â µmol Trolox g-1 ) and FRAP value (473.57±9.11â µmol Trolox g-1 ) was also observed at N450. Palmitic acid (5.57 %) and stearic acid (2.02 %) reached a maximum at N375, but not significant with N450 (P<0.05). Nitrogen fertilizer could promote oil yield, fatty acid accumulation and antioxidant activity, and N450 (450â kg ha-1 ) is recommended as the optimum application for P. ostii.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Fertilizantes , Nitrógeno/administración & dosificación , Paeonia/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Paeonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Aceites de Plantas/análisisRESUMEN
DELLA protein plays a significant role in plant growth and development. In this study, PlDELLA with the open reading frame of 1866 bp in length was isolated from Paeonia lactiflora. Overexpression of PlDELLA in Arabidopsis thaliana showed that seed germination was significantly repressed as it took 144â¼192 h for the OEs to reach 100 % germination and it required only 60 h for the WT. The OEs were also inhibited in bolting time and in plant vegetative growth. When PlDELLA was silenced in peony by virus-induced gene silencing method, peony budbreak occurred earlier by 8â¼10 d and the vegetative growth was significantly accelerated compared with the control group. These results collectively indicated that PlDELLA negatively regulated dormancy release and plant growth. During chilling process to release peony endodormancy, PlDELLA expression down-regulated, and the content of both endogenous active GAs and ABA decreased, indicating decreasing of PlDELLA expression under chilling was not caused by the known gibberellin signal transduction pathway. Besides, PlDELLA had no interaction with the four screened PlWRKYs, PlWRKY13, PlWRKY18, PlWRKY40 or PlWRKY50. These findings not only enrich the knowledge of DELLA protein family, but also provide insights into understanding the function of PlDELLA protein in endodormancy release in peony.
Asunto(s)
Genes de Plantas/fisiología , Paeonia/genética , Arabidopsis , Clonación Molecular , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Genes de Plantas/genética , Germinación/genética , Paeonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Paeonia/fisiología , Filogenia , Brotes de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Allelic variation underlying the quantitative traits in plants is caused by the extremely complex regulation process. Tree peony originated in China is a peculiar ornamental, medicinal and oil woody plant. Paeonia rockii, one of tree peony species, is a precious emerging woody oil crop. However, in this valuable plant, the study of functional loci associated with yield traits has rarely been identified. Therefore, to explore the genetic architecture of 24 yield quantitative traits, the association mapping was first reported in 420 unrelated cultivated P. rockii individuals based on the next-generation sequencing (NGS) and single-molecule long-read sequencing (SMLRS). RESULTS: The developed 58 pairs of polymorphic expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers from 959 candidate transcription factors (TFs) associated with yield were used for genotyping the 420 P. rockii accessions. We observed a high level of genetic diversity (polymorphic information content, PIC = 0.514) and low linkage disequilibrium (LD) between EST-SSRs. Moreover, four subpopulations in the association population were revealed by STRUCTURE analyses. Further, single-marker association analysis identified 141 significant associations, involving 17 quantitative traits and 41 EST-SSRs. These loci were mainly from AP2, TCP, MYB, HSF, bHLH, GATA, and B3 gene families and showed a small proportion of the phenotypic variance (3.79 to 37.45%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results summarize a valuable collection of functional loci associated with yield traits in P. rockii, and provide a precious resource that reveals allelic variation underlying quantitative traits in Paeonia and other woody oil crops.
Asunto(s)
Paeonia/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Mapeo Cromosómico , Etiquetas de Secuencia Expresada , Genes de Plantas/genética , Genes de Plantas/fisiología , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Paeonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Proteínas de Plantas/fisiología , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo/genética , Carácter Cuantitativo Heredable , Factores de Transcripción/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) cultivar 'Er Qiao' is appreciated for its unstable variegated flower coloration, with cyanic and acyanic flowers appearing on different branches of the same plant and occasionally in a single flower or petal. However, the variegation mechanism is still unclear. RESULTS: In this study, we found significantly higher contents and more diverse sets of anthocyanins in the cyanic petals than in the acyanic petals. Comparative transcriptome analysis between the two flower types revealed 477 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Quantitative real-time PCR results verified that the transcript levels of the flavonol synthase (FLS) gene were significantly increased in the acyanic petals. Furthermore, we found that a GCGGCG insertion at 246 bp in the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) gene-coding region constitutes a duplication of the 241-245 bp section and was consistently found only in acyanic flowers. Sequence alignment of the F3'H gene from different plant species indicated that only the acyanic petals of 'Er Qiao' contained the GCGGCG insertion. The transformation of Arabidopsis tt7-1 lines demonstrated that the ectopic expression of F3'H-cyanic, but not F3'H-acyanic, could complement the colors in the hypocotyl and seed coat. CONCLUSION: In summary, we found that an indel in F3'H and the upregulation of FLS drastically reduced the anthocyanin content in acyanic petals. Our results provide molecular candidates for a better understanding of the variegation mechanisms in tree peony.
Asunto(s)
Antocianinas/metabolismo , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/genética , Flores/genética , Oxidorreductasas/genética , Paeonia/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Flores/crecimiento & desarrollo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Mutación INDEL , Oxidorreductasas/metabolismo , Paeonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Alineación de Secuencia , Árboles , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
The insufficient number of available simple sequence repeats (SSRs) inhibits genetic research on and molecular breeding of Paeonia lactiflora, a flowering crop with great economic value. The objective of this study was to develop SSRs for P. lactiflora with Illumina RNA sequencing and assess the role of SSRs in gene regulation. The results showed that dinucleotides with AG/CT repeats were the most abundant type of repeat motif in P. lactiflora and were preferentially distributed in untranslated regions. Significant differences in SSR size were observed among motif types and locations. A large number of unigenes containing SSRs participated in catalytic activity, metabolic processes and cellular processes, and 28.16% of all transcription factors and 21.74% of hub genes for inflorescence stem straightness were found to contain SSRs. Successful amplification was achieved with 89.05% of 960 pairs of SSR primers, 55.83% of which were polymorphic, and most of the 46 tested primers had a high level of transferability to the genus Paeonia. Principal component and cluster dendrogram analyses produced results consistent with known genealogical relationships. This study provides a set of SSRs with abundant information for future accession identification, marker-trait association and molecular assisted breeding in P. lactiflora.
Asunto(s)
Marcadores Genéticos , Repeticiones de Microsatélite , Paeonia/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN/métodos , Minería de Datos , Bases de Datos Genéticas , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Anotación de Secuencia Molecular , Paeonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fitomejoramiento , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Sitios de Carácter CuantitativoRESUMEN
Roots of wild Paeonia lactiflora are often used as herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, the contents of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) and the concentrations of three active ingredients such as paeoniflorin (PF), catechin (CA) and benzoic acid (BA) in roots of wild P. lactiflora collected from Duolun County of Inner Mongolia in China were evaluated. The results showed that the mean contents of eight elements followed the following order: Ca > K > P > Mg > Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu, and the concentrations of three active ingredients decreased in the order: PF > CA > BA. It was found that PF concentration was positively correlated with the contents of Fe and Mn. However, the concentration of CA was linearly decreased with Mg content. Moreover, BA concentration showed positive linear dependence upon the contents of P and Mn. Results of stepwise regression analyses showed that 39.2% of the variance in PF concentration could be explained by Fe content, whereas 28.1% of the CA concentration changes could be explained by Mg content; moreover, 42.5% of the variance in BA concentration could be accounted for by the combination of Mn and P contents. In a word, the concentrations of active ingredients in roots of P. lactiflora can be changed by adjusting mineral elements levels in roots to meet the need of appropriate quality control of P. lactiflora.
Asunto(s)
Elementos Químicos , Minerales/análisis , Paeonia/química , Raíces de Plantas/química , Ácido Benzoico/análisis , Catequina/análisis , China , Glucósidos/análisis , Hierro/análisis , Magnesio/análisis , Manganeso/análisis , Monoterpenos/análisis , Paeonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fósforo/análisis , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Análisis de Regresión , Zinc/análisisRESUMEN
Many members of the WRKY family regulate plant growth and development. Recent studies have shown that members of the WRKY family, specifically WRKY13, play various roles in the regulation of plant stress resistance. To study the function of WRKY family members in peony, the PlWRKY13 gene (KY271095) was cloned from peony leaves. Sequence analysis and subcellular localization results revealed that PlWRKY13 has no introns, belongs to the type IIc subgroup of the WRKY family, and functions in the nucleus. The expression pattern of PlWRKY13 was analysed via real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), which showed that the expression of PlWRKY13 was induced by four types of abiotic stress, low-temperature, high-temperature, waterlogging and salt stress, and was positively upregulated in response to these stresses. In addition, the expression of PlWRKY13 tended to first decrease and then increase after infection with Alternaria tenuissima. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology was used to explore the function of PlWRKY13 in the resistance of Paeonia lactiflora to fungal infection further, and the results showed that PlWRKY13-silenced plants displayed increased sensitivity to A. tenuissima. The infection was more severe and the disease index (DI) significantly greater in the PlWRKY13-silenced plants than in the control plants, and the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes was also significantly altered in the PlWRKY13-silenced plants compared with the control plants. The contents of the endogenous hormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) were measured, and the results showed that the JA content increased gradually after infection with A. tenuissima and that JA may play an active role in the resistance of P. lactiflora to pathogen infection, while the SA content decreased after PlWRKY13 silencing. The contents of the two hormones decreased overall, suggesting that they are related to the transcription of PlWRKY13 and that PlWRKY13 may be involved in the disease-resistance pathway mediated by JA and SA. In summary, the results of our study showed that PlWRKY13 expression was induced by stress and had a positive effect on the resistance of P. lactiflora to fungal infection.
Asunto(s)
Paeonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/métodos , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Regulación hacia Arriba , Alternaria/patogenicidad , Resistencia a la Enfermedad , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Paeonia/genética , Paeonia/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Inmunidad de la Planta , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Estrés FisiológicoRESUMEN
Enlarging the planting area of economic plants, such as the "Southward Planting of Herbaceous Peony" (Paeonia lactiflora. Pall), is significant for improving people's lives. Peony is globally known as an ornamental because of gorgeous flowers and is mainly cultivated in the temperate regions with relatively cool and dry climates in the Northern Hemisphere. Promoting the landscape application of peony to the lower latitude regions is difficult because of the hot-humid climate. In this study, 29 northern peony cultivars and a unique Chinese southern peony, 'Hang Baishao', were introduced to Hangzhou, located in the central subtropics. Annual growth cycles, resistances and dormancy durations were measured, and crossbreeding between the southern and northern peonies was performed for six years, from 2012 to 2017. Based on data collected from the long-running quantitative observation (LQO), a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) system was established to evaluate the comprehensive planting performance of these 30 cultivars in the central subtropics. 'Qihua Lushuang', 'Hang Baishao' and 'Meiju' were highly recommended, while 'Zhuguang' and 'Qiaoling' were scarcely recommended for the Hangzhou landscape. This study highlights the dependability and comprehensiveness of integrating the LQO and MCDM approaches for evaluating the introduction performance of ornamental plants.
Asunto(s)
Toma de Decisiones , Paeonia/fisiología , Resistencia a la Enfermedad , Flores/fisiología , Frutas/fisiología , Calor , Paeonia/anatomía & histología , Paeonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Paeonia/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Latencia en las Plantas/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andrew) is a popular ornamental plant due to its large, fragrant and colorful flowers. The floral development is the most important event in its lifecycle. To explore the mechanism that regulate flower development, we sequenced the flower bud transcriptomes of 'High Noon', a reblooming cultivar of P. suffruticosa × P. lutea, using both full-length isoform-sequencing (ISO-seq) and RNA-seq were sequenced. A total of 15.94 Gb raw data were generated in full-length transcriptome sequencing of the 3 floral developmental stages, resulting 0.11 M protein-coding transcripts. Over 457.0 million reads were obtained by RNA-seq in the 3 floral buds. Here, we openly released the full-length transcriptome database of 'High Noon' and RNA-seq database of floral development. These databases can provide a fundamental genetic information of tree peony to investigate its transcript structure, variants and evolution. Data will facilitate to deep analyses of the transcriptome for flower development.