Giant stem tetrapod was apex predator in Gondwanan late Palaeozoic ice age.

Current hypotheses of early tetrapod evolution posit close ecological and biogeographic ties to the extensive coal-producing wetlands of the Carboniferous palaeoequator with rapid replacement of archaic tetrapod groups by relatives of modern amniotes and lissamphibians in the late Carboniferous (about 307 million years ago). These hypotheses draw on a tetrapod fossil record that is almost entirely restricted to palaeoequatorial Pangea (Laurussia)1,2. Here we describe a new giant stem tetrapod, Gaiasia jennyae, from high-palaeolatitude (about 55° S) early Permian-aged (about 280 million years ago) deposits in Namibia that challenges this scenario. Gaiasia is represented by several large, semi-articulated skeletons characterized by a weakly ossified skull with a loosely articulated palate dominated by a broad diamond-shaped parasphenoid, a posteriorly projecting occiput, and enlarged, interlocking dentary and coronoid fangs. Phylogenetic analysis resolves Gaiasia within the tetrapod stem group as the sister taxon of the Carboniferous Colosteidae from Euramerica. Gaiasia is larger than all previously described digited stem tetrapods and provides evidence that continental tetrapods were well established in the cold-temperate latitudes of Gondwana during the final phases of the Carboniferous-Permian deglaciation. This points to a more global distribution of continental tetrapods during the Carboniferous-Permian transition and indicates that previous hypotheses of global tetrapod faunal turnover and dispersal at this time2,3 must be reconsidered.

Sequência didática para o ensino de fendas labiopalatinas / Didactic sequence for the teaching of cleft lip and palate / Secuencia didáctica para la enseñanza de labio leporino y paladar hendido

Introdução: A fenda labial e a fissura palatina, apresentam elevada prevalência na população brasileira, sendo necessária uma formação acadêmica de cirurgiões que gere saberes que transformem a realidade. Diante do exposto, o presente manuscrito objetivou descrever o desenvolvimento, a aplicação e a avaliação de uma sequência didática sobre fissuras labiais, palatinas e labiopalatais com enfoque em aprendizagem significativa em que houve a associação de duas metodologias ativas, a construção de modelos didáticos e a sala de aula invertida. Metodologia: A sequência didática foi realizada na educação superior, com equipes de discentes de Odontologia, seguindo três etapas: planejamento; confecção do modelo didático semiplano de fissuras labiais, palatinas e labiopalatais; apresentação em roda de conversa. O desempenho dos acadêmicos foi avaliado em cada etapa. Resultados: Inicialmente, os discentes possuíam pouco conhecimento sobre o tema. Os modelos didáticos foram construídos com facilidade e durante a roda de conversa foram utilizados os modelos didáticos e compartilhados os conhecimentos sobre Embriologia, Teratologia, aspectos clínicos e tratamento odontológico para cada fenda representada, evidenciando a eficácia do método. Conclusões: As metodologias ativas adotadas utilizadas no processo de planejamento, confecção e debate sobre fissuras labiais, palatinas e labiopalatais foram ferramentas valiosas no processo ensino-aprendizagem na educação em Odontologia... (AU)

Introduction: Cleft lip and cleft palate showed prevalence in the Brazilian population, being an academic training of surgeries that generates knowledge that transforms reality. Given the above, this manuscript aimed to describe the development, application and evaluation of a didactic sequence on cleft lip, palate and lip and palate with a focus on meaningful learning with the association of two active methodologies, the construction of didactic models and the inverted classroom. Methodology: The didactic sequence was carried out in Higher Education with teams of Dentistry students following three stages: planning; making the semiplane didactic model of cleft lip, palate and lip and palate; presentation in conversation circle. Academic performance was assessed at each stage. Results: Initially, the students had little knowledge on the topic. Didactic models were easily built. During the conversation, didactic models were used and knowledge about Embryology, Teratology, clinical aspects and dental treatment was shared for each gap represented, showing the effectiveness of the method. Conclusions: The active methodologies adopted used in the process of planning, making and debating cleft lip, palate and lip and palate were valuable tools in the teaching-learning process in Dentistry Education... (AU)

Introducción: Labio leporino y paladar hendido, presentan elevada prevalencia en la población brasileña, es necesária una formación académica de los cirujanos para generar conocimientos que transformen la realidad, dado lo anterior, este manuscrito tuvo como objetivo describir el desarrollo, la aplicación y la evaluación de una secuencia didáctica sobre el lábio leporino, fisura palatina y paladar hendido con un enfoque de aprendizaje significativo en el que hubo la asociación de dos metodologias activas, la construcción de modelos didácticos y el aula invertida. Metodología: La secuencia didáctica se realizo en la enseñanza superior, con equipos de estudiantes de odontologia, siguiendo tres etapas: Planificación; realización de um modelo didáctico semiplano de lábio leporino y paladar hendido; presentación del circulo de conversación. Se evaluo el desempeño de los académicos en cada etapa. Resultados: Inicialmente, los estudiantes tenían poco conocimiento sobre el tema. Los modelos didácticos se construyeron facilmente y durante la conversación se utilizaron los modelos didácticos y se compartieron sobre Embriologia, Teratología, aspectos clínicos y tratamiento odontológico de cada fisura representada, evidenciando la efectividad del método. Conclusiones: Las metodologias activas adoptadas y utilizadas en el proceso de planificación, realización y debate sobre lábio leporino, paladar hendido y fisura palatina fueron herramientas valiosas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la formación odontológica... (AU)

Performance of multiple therapeutic approaches for palatal wound healing after soft tissue graft removal - an overview of systematic reviews.

OBJECTIVE: To overview the literature to answer the following question: "What is the performance of different therapies on wound healing and postoperative discomfort after palatal ASTG removal?" METHODS: SRs that evaluated the wound healing (WH), postoperative pain, bleeding, and analgesic consumption of patients submitted to de-epithelialized/free gingival grafts (FGG) or subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTG) removed from the palate were included. The searches were conducted on six white and two gray databases up to December 2023. Methodological quality was evaluated through AMSTAR 2. The synthesis of results was described as a narrative analysis. RESULTS: Ten SRs (involving 25 randomized clinical trials) related to low-level laser therapy (LLLT) (3), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) (4), cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives (CTA) (2), and ozone therapy (OT) (1) were included in this overview. All techniques demonstrated improvements in WH. LLT, PRF, and CTA reduced pain and analgesic consumption. PRF and CTA reduced bleeding. Regarding methodological quality, the SRs were classified as critically low (2), low (5), moderate (2), or high quality (1). CONCLUSIONS: In SRs related to LLLT, PRF, CTA, and OT, the use of different therapies after palatal ASTG removal improved WH and postoperative discomfort. Due to the studies' low methodological quality and high heterogeneity, data should be interpreted with caution. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The present overview compiles the evidence of SRs related to different therapies for WH and patients' postoperative experience and reveals that different treatments can significantly improve the clinical outcomes of patients who require ASTG removal for periodontal or peri-implant surgeries. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022301257.

Superimposition of virtual models using palatal rugae and maximum habitual intercuspation.

INTRODUCTION: The superimposition of 3 dimensions (3D) digital models has been increasingly used for evaluating dental changes resulting from orthodontic treatment, and different superimposition techniques have been described. Although the maxilla has areas with greater stability for superimposition, such as the palatal rugae, there is still no reliable method for superimposing models of the lower arch. OBJECTIVE: Therefore, this article aims to describe a technique for superimposing virtual models. METHODS: To evaluate pre- and post-orthodontic treatment changes, the Geomagic Qualify 2013 software (3D Systems®, Rock Hill, South Carolina, USA) was used, with reference points in the maxilla, including the rugae and a reference area in the palate and midpalatal raphe. The lower arch was superimposed using the maximum habitual intercuspation (MHI) model as reference. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 3D models superimposition using palatal rugae and MHI occlusion seems to offer satisfactory results in the interpretation of clinical changes at different follow-up moments in terms of development and/or orthodontic treatment.

Biomechanical behavior of three maxillary expanders in cleft lip and palate: a finite element study.

This study evaluated the stress distribution in the dentoalveolar and palatal bone structures during maxillary expansion in a 17-year-old male patient with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) using expanders with dental (HYRAX) and skeletal anchorage (MARPE). For the generation of the specific finite element models, cone-beam computed tomography was used, and the DICOM files were exported to Mimics 3-Matic (Materialise) and Patran (MSC Software) software. Three specific three-dimensional models were generated: A) HYRAX: conventional four-banded hyrax screw (9 mm); B) MARPE-DS: 3 miniscrews (1.8 mm diameter - 5.4 mm length) and four-banded dental anchorage; and C) MARPE-NoDS: 3 miniscrews without dental anchorage. Maxillary expansion was simulated by activating the expanders transversely 1 mm on the "X" axis. HYRAX resulted in higher levels of deformation predominantly in the dentoalveolar region. MARPE-DS showed stress in the dentoalveolar region and mainly in the center of the palatal region, at approximately 4,000 µÎµ. MARPE-NoDS exhibited evident stress only in the palatal region. High stress levels in the root anchoring teeth were observed for HYRAX and MARPE-DS. In contrast, MARPE-NoDS cause stress on the tooth structure. The stress distribution from the expanders used in the BLCP showed asymmetric expansive behavior. During the initial activation phase of expansion, the HYRAX and MARPE-DS models produced similarly high strain at the dentoalveolar structures and upper posterior teeth displacement. The MARPE-NoDS model showed restricted strain on the palate.

Ultrasonographic analysis of palatal donor site healing accelerated with platelet-rich fibrin following subepithelial connective tissue harvesting.

OBJECTIVE: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) contains a variety of growth factors and bioactive molecules that play crucial roles in wound healing and angiogenesis. We aimed to evaluate the effects of PRF on tissue thickness and vascularization of the palatal donor site by ultrasound (USG) following subepithelial connective tissue harvesting. METHODOLOGY: A subepithelial connective tissue graft was harvested from the palatal region with a single incision for root coverage in 20 systemically healthy patients. In the test group (n = 10), the PRF membrane was placed at the donor site, whereas no material was applied in the control group (n=10). Palatal tissue thickness (PTT) and pulsatility index (PI) were evaluated by USG at baseline and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 30th, and 90th days after surgery. The early healing index (EHI) was used to evaluate donor site healing for 30 days. RESULTS: PTT was significantly higher in the PRF group on the 3rd and 14th days after surgery when compared to the controls. In the PRF-treated group, PI levels were significantly higher than in the controls, especially on the 14th day. PTT increased significantly 90 days after surgery compared to the test group baseline, but controls showed a significant decrease. The PRF group showed statistically significant improvements in EHI scores compared to controls on days 3, 7, and 14. This study found a negative correlation between PI values and EHI scores on postoperative days three and seven in the test group. CONCLUSION: USG is a non-invasive, objective method to radiographically evaluate the regenerative effects of PRF on palatal wound healing after soft tissue harvesting. To overcome graft inadequacy in reharvesting procedures, PRF application may enhance clinical success and reduce possible complications by increasing tissue thickness and revascularization in the donor area.

Wound-healing agents for palatal donor area: A network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) was to assess the efficacy of different wound-healing agents for palatal donor area management after soft tissue graft harvesting. METHODS: Electronic searches in six databases were conducted for publications up to October 2023. Studies with data from patients undergoing therapeutic approaches using agents for palatal healing after gingival graft harvesting were included. Data about postoperative pain, wound-healing and postoperative complications reported for each agent were extracted. Three different tools were used for the risk of bias within studies evaluation (Murad tool for case series and case report, RoB 2.0 tool for randomized studies and ROBINS-I tool for non-randomized studies). A Bayesian random effects NMA was conducted for postoperative pain levels and wound healing. RESULTS: Eighty-four publications were included in the systematic review (qualitative analysis), with 14 of these subjected to NMA (quantitative analysis). The summarized results from the qualitative and quantitative analysis showed that all wound-healing agents evaluated promoted better pain control and wound healing compared to spontaneous healing and hemostatic sponges alone. The NMA outcomes reveal that leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) was the most effective agent in reducing postoperative pain in all analyzed periods. Moreover, the L-PRF seems to accelerate wound healing and reduce postoperative complications compared to other agents. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the L-PRF was the most effective agent in reducing postoperative pain, accelerating wound healing and reducing postoperative complications after harvesting soft tissue grafts from the palatal area.

Clinical behavior of recurrent pleomorphic adenoma in the palate: a systematic review.

PURPOSE: This systematic review analyzed the clinical behavior and odds of malignancy of the palatal recurrent pleomorphic adenomas. METHODS: Systematic review of patients with recurrent pleomorphic adenoma arising in the palate. Database search: MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, EMBASE, Virtual Health Library, Google Scholar, and OpenGrey. A binomial logistic regression was performed to assess the odds of detecting recurrence five, 10 and 20 years after the treatment of primary tumor. RESULTS: Thirteen studies (n = 18 patients) out of 336 were included. The recurrent pleomorphic adenoma in palate was more common in females (61.6%), average age was 49 years old (range 9-73 years old). Four patients progressed to malignant transformation. The odds ratio (OR) of detecting a recurrence at 10 (OR = 5.57; 95% confidence interval - 95%CI 1.13-27.52), and 20 years (OR = 18.78; 95%CI 3.18-110.84) after treatment of primary pleomorphic adenoma was significantly higher than at one-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The recurrence of pleomorphic adenoma in palate remains a rare event of late occurrence. It mainly affects middle-aged female and carries a risk of malignant transformation. Although uncommon, patients with palatal pleomorphic adenoma should be warned about the possibility of recurrence or malignant transformation of tumor at advanced ages.

Effects of SARPE and MISMARPE on correction of transverse maxillary deficiency: A preliminary comparative evaluation.

AIM: The present study was designed to compare, on cone-beam computed tomography imaging, the skeletal and dental effects of the SARPE (Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion) and MISMARPE (Minimally Invasive Surgical and Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion) techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample of adult patients with transverse maxillary deficiency (TMD) was divided into two groups, and scans were obtained preoperatively (T0) and immediately after completion of expansion (T1). The posterior and anterior linear transverse distances of the maxilla and the angulation of the maxillary first molars were evaluated. The data were entered into a generalized estimating equations model to verify the postoperative effects of the different techniques. RESULTS: None of the techniques caused any appreciable change in the angulation of the molars. The skeletal changes were similar, with significantly greater gains in the nasal fossa and intermaxillary distance when using the MISMARPE. CONCLUSION: The technique can be an effective and lower morbidity alternative to SARPE.

Clinical behavior of recurrent pleomorphic adenoma in the palate: a systematic review

Purpose: This systematic review analyzed the clinical behavior and odds of malignancy of the palatal recurrent pleomorphic adenomas. Methods: Systematic review of patients with recurrent pleomorphic adenoma arising in the palate. Database search: MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, EMBASE, Virtual Health Library, Google Scholar, and OpenGrey. A binomial logistic regression was performed to assess the odds of detecting recurrence five, 10 and 20 years after the treatment of primary tumor. Results: Thirteen studies (n = 18 patients) out of 336 were included. The recurrent pleomorphic adenoma in palate was more common in females (61.6%), average age was 49 years old (range 9-73 years old). Four patients progressed to malignant transformation. The odds ratio (OR) of detecting a recurrence at 10 (OR = 5.57; 95% confidence interval - 95%CI 1.13-27.52), and 20 years (OR = 18.78; 95%CI 3.18-110.84) after treatment of primary pleomorphic adenoma was significantly higher than at one-year follow-up. Conclusions: The recurrence of pleomorphic adenoma in palate remains a rare event of late occurrence. It mainly affects middle-aged female and carries a risk of malignant transformation. Although uncommon, patients with palatal pleomorphic adenoma should be warned about the possibility of recurrence or malignant transformation of tumor at advanced ages.

Postoperative local interventions for the palate as a gingival graft donor area: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aimed to systematically identify evidence-based interventions to stimulate healing or protect the harvested palate of patients undergoing gingival grafting. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study followed guidelines from the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-ScR (protocol available at osf.io/zhafn). PubMed, Embase, and seven other databases were searched on November 2022, with additional monitoring until April 2023. The inclusion criteria focused on studies evaluating outcomes related to the donor area (palate) and interventions for healing or protecting it, regardless of publication year and language. Data from the included publications was extracted and presented through narrative text, tables, and figures. RESULTS: Eighty-one studies (including 64 clinical trials, four case series, five theses, and eight systematic reviews) and 37 clinical trial records were included. The number of studies on this topic has significantly increased, reflecting a growing interest in the field. Thirty-six interventions with published results and 12 interventions with unpublished results from clinical trial registers were identified. Some promising interventions that showed potential for improving patient-reported outcomes include cyanoacrylate adhesive, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and the combination of palatal stents and healing agents. CONCLUSIONS: Thirty-six interventions with published results were identified for postoperative use on the harvested palate, showing varying levels of evidence and conflicting effectiveness for specific outcomes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Postoperative discomfort and pain in the palate are commonly experienced by patients undergoing grafting procedures using this region as the donor area. Awareness of the available options and their levels of evidence is crucial for informed decision-making.

Effect of a gel containing green tea extract and hyaluronic acid on palate pain scores and wound healing after free gingival graft: a quasi-randomized controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a gel containing green tea extract and hyaluronic acid (HA) on pain scores and wound healing in donor sites after free gingival graft (FGG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two patients requiring FGG were included in three groups: (1) control group (n = 14), no material was placed in the donor area; only the clot was kept in position by sutures; (2) placebo group (n = 14), vehicle gel applied 3 times a day for 7 days; and (3) test group (n = 14), gel containing green tea extract and HA applied 3 times a day for 7 days. The wound size by clinical measurement (WS-CM) and photographic image (WS-PI), complete wound epithelialization (CWE), and palatal mucosa color were evaluated after 3 days and 1, 2, and 4 weeks postoperatively. The visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and analgesic consumption were used to assess participant's perception in the same postoperative periods. RESULTS: A similar progressive reduction in the wound size, associated with an improvement in the color pattern, was observed in all groups (p > 0.05). No significant differences were found for CWE and pain assessment between the examined groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The gel containing green tea extract and HA application in palatal wounds after FGG removal does not provide clinical healing benefits using this investigated protocol. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This is the first clinical study evaluating the effect of gel containing green tea extract and HA on the palate postoperative pain control and wound healing after FGG. TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://clinicaltrials.gov : NCT05270161.

Análisis de las Variaciones Anatómicas y Dimensionales del Canal Nasopalatino Mediante Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico / Analysis of the Anatomical and Dimensional Variations of the Nasopalatine Canal by Cone Beam Computed Tomography

El conocimiento anatómico del canal nasopalatino (CNP) es fundamental para la realización de cirugías en el sector anterior del maxilar y así prever posibles complicaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar y determinar las variaciones anatómicas y dimensionales del CNP según sexo, edad y estado dental. Este estudio transversal analizó un total de 251 imágenes de TCHC obtenidas de la base de datos del Servicio de Imagenología Oral y Maxilofacial de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile. Para evaluar la asociación estadística entre variaciones del CNP con sexo, edad y estado dentario se realizó la prueba T de Student, chi-cuadrado y ANOVA (p0,05). Además, se detectó diferencia significativa entre el estado dentario y la dimensión de la tabla vestibular en relación con el CNP (p<0,01). Se deben considerar las variaciones de CNP para evitar posibles complicaciones durante los procedimientos quirúrgicos.

SUMMARY: Anatomical knowledge of the nasopalatine canal (PNC) is essential for performing surgeries in the anterior sector of the maxilla and thus anticipating possible complications. The objective of this work is to evaluate and determine the anatomical and dimensional variations of the CNP according to sex, age and dental status. This cross-sectional study analyzed a total of 251 CBCT images obtained from the database of the Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging Service of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Andrés Bello University, Viña del Mar, Chile. To evaluate the statistical association between CNP variations with sex, age and dental status, the Student's T test, chi-square and ANOVA (p0.05). In addition, a significant difference was detected between the dental state and the dimension of the vestibular table in relation to the CNP (p<0.01). CNP variations should be considered to avoid potential complications during surgical procedures.

Effect of collagen sponge and flowable resin composite on pain management after free gingival graft harvesting: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the application of a flowable resin composite coating, over a collagen sponge stabilized with suture, on postoperative pain after free gingival graft harvesting. Thirty-two free gingival grafts were harvested from the palate in 32 patients, who were subsequently randomized to have only a collagen sponge stabilized with sutures applied to the palatal wound (control), or to have the collagen sponge coated with a flowable resin composite (test). Patients were observed for 14 days, and the pain level was evaluated by using a numerical rating scale. The consumption of analgesics during the postoperative period and the characteristic of the graft were also analyzed. The patients in the test group reported having experienced significantly less pain statistically than the patients in the control group throughout the study. The consumption of analgesics was lower in the test group. The dimensions of harvested grafts in the control and test groups showed no significant differences in height, width, and thickness. In conclusion, the addition of flowable resin composite coating to the hemostatic collagen sponge on the palatal wound following free gingival graft harvesting helped to minimize postoperative pain.

Lymphomatoid Papulosis "Type E" Affecting the Palate: A Detailed Case Report and Review of Literature.

ABSTRACT: Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) belongs to the spectrum of primary cutaneous CD30 + lymphoproliferative disorders, characterized by chronic, recurrent, self-healing papules, small nodules, or ulcers. The clinicopathological features of LyP can mimic overt lymphomas. To date, about 27 intraoral LyP cases have been reported. Of them, only 2 cases were diagnosed as angioinvasive LyP (type E). Herein, we report a 24-year-old Brazilian man who presented a large ulcerated lesion on the hard palate with rapid evolution. Remarkably, there was no involvement of the skin or other mucous membranes. Microscopy revealed a lymphoid infiltrate constituted by medium-sized to large atypical cells, with angiocentric and angiodestructive features. The atypical cells showed immunopositivity for CD3, CD8, CD30, CD56, granzyme B, perforin, and focally for MUM1/IRF4. Ki-67 highlighted almost all atypical lymphoid cells, whereas EBER1/2 was negative. After 2 months of follow-up, the lesion healed completely. Although rare, LyP type E should be included in the differential diagnosis of oral ulcers.

Oral paracoccidioidomycosis: a retrospective study of 95 cases from a single center and literature review.

BACKGROUND: The ecoepidemiological panorama of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is dynamic and still ongoing in Brazil. In particular, data about the oral lesions of PCM are barely explored. The aim of this study was to report the clinicopathological features of individuals diagnosed with oral PCM lesions at an oral and maxillofacial pathology service in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the light of a literature review. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on oral biopsies obtained from 1958 to 2021. Additionally, electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, and Brazilian Library of Dentistry to gather information from large case series of oral PCM. RESULTS: Ninety-five cases of oral PCM were surveyed. The manifestations were more frequent among males (n=86/90.5%), middle-aged/older adults (n=54/58.7%), and white individuals (n=40/51.9%). The most commonly affected sites were the gingiva/alveolar ridge (n=40/23.4%) and lip/labial commissure (n=33/19.3%); however, one (n=40/42.1%) or multiple sites (n=55/57.9%) could also be affected. In 90 (94.7%) patients, "mulberry-like" ulcerations/moriform appearance were observed. Data from 21 studies (1,333 cases), mostly Brazilian (90.5%), revealed that men (92.4%; male/female: 11.8:1) and individuals in the fifth and sixth decades of life were the most affected (range: 7-89 years), with the gingiva/alveolar ridge, palate, and lips/labial commissure being the sites most frequently affected. CONCLUSIONS: The features of oral PCM lesions are similar to those reported in previous studies from Latin America. Clinicians should be aware of the oral manifestations of PCM, with emphasis on the clinicodemographic aspects and differential diagnoses, especially considering the phenomenon of the emergence of reported cases in rural and/or urban areas of Brazil.

Morphological tongue and palate characterizations in Trachemys adiutrix (Vanzolini, 1995) turtles.

Morphological studies on the oropharyngeal cavity of turtles are an interesting tool in understanding evolutionary processes associated with feeding habits. There is paucity of morphological information on the oropharyngeal cavity of the Trachemys adiutrix turtle. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the tongue and palate morphology of T. adiutrix to establish a standard model for the species, providing information that may improve knowledge on the species feeding habits. Gross dissection, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy assessments of 11 specimens were carried out. The tongue of T. adiutrix is triangular with a slightly rounded apex and broad base and lingual papillae widely distributed throughout the entire dorsal surface. The palate is composed of bony structures, displaying a triangular apex with one pair of choanae and palatine raphe that begin in the middle region, dividing the two openings. The body was elongated and smooth. The root was wrinkled and opened into the oesophagus. The tongue was lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, rich in mucous cells and a large number of different-shaped papillae and taste buds. The palate was mainly lined by a pseudostratified cylindrical ciliated epithelium rich in mucous cells. In conclusion, the tongue and palate characteristics of T. adiutrix include evidence that these animals are semiaquatic, displaying morphological characteristics associated with aquatic and terrestrial trophic ecology, similar to that observed in other semiaquatic and terrestrial chelonian species.

Application of highly ozonated sunflower oil does not improve palatal wound healing: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Ozone is a molecule that plays an important role in dentistry, specially for wound healing. The aim of the present study was to clinically and immunologically evaluate the effect of ozonated oil on the healing of palatal wounds. METHODS: This is a prospective, longitudinal, triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The groups were divided as follows: Test group (n = 14): after removal of the free gingival graft (FGG), the palatal wound was treated with ozonized seed sunflower oil with a peroxide index between 510 and 625 meq O2 /kg; Control group (n = 14): after removal of the FGG, the palatal wound was treated with non-ozonated sunflower oil (placebo). The treatments were applied three times a day, for 7 days. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the measurements of wound area (mm2 ) between the test and control groups in the different periods evaluated (0, 3, 7, and 14 days; p > 0.05). The intra-group analysis showed a significant decrease in wound size over the course of days (0, 3, 7, and 14 days; p < 0.05). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; pg/mL) presented a significant reduction at 7 days (p < 0.05) compared to day 3 in the test group (p < 0.05). There was a statistical difference for malondialdehyde (MDA; pg/mL) in the test group between 3 and 7 days post-treatment (p < 0.05) and between test and control groups on the 7th day (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The application of highly ozonated sunflower oil did not improve the remaining scar area of the palate, decreasing the VEGF and increasing the oxidative stress marker MDA.

The relationship between tomographic sagittal root position of maxillary anterior teeth and the bone housing.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: In a prosthetically driven treatment plan, the tomographic sagittal root position in relation to the bone housing is an important factor in the decision-making process for immediate implant placement. However, other important parameters must be considered in the bone housing of each tooth, including the alveolar ridge dimensions, the buccal and the palatal bone thickness, and the root dimensions. PURPOSE: The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the relationship between the sagittal root position of maxillary anterior teeth and the bone housing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 420 maxillary anterior teeth were analyzed in 70 participants. The tomographic scans were classified as sagittal root position classes I, II, III, and IV. Measurements included buccal and palatal bone thickness, alveolar ridge height, alveolar ridge width, apical bone height, root length, and root width. The Pearson correlation, ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc tests were used to determine statistically significant differences (α=0.05). RESULTS: The sagittal root position distribution was 65.2%, 9.3%, 0.7%, and 24.8% for classes I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Bone housing measurements were significantly different in relation to the 4 sagittal root position classes (P<.05), except for alveolar ridge height. Post hoc analysis showed that, in class I, buccal bone thickness and alveolar bone height were significantly low, whereas root length and palatal bone thickness were high. The higher buccal bone thickness was found in class II, and lower alveolar ridge width and palatal bone thickness in class IV. These measurements in tooth groups were also significantly different over the sagittal root position classes (P<.05). The buccal bone thickness, palatal bone thickness, and alveolar ridge width presented different levels of correlation with alveolar ridge width over the sagittal root position classes. The buccal bone thickness and palatal bone thickness were weakly correlated in class I (r=0.163) and IV (r=0.222). CONCLUSIONS: Bone housing measurements were significantly different in relation to the sagittal root position of maxillary anterior teeth.

Influence of the palatal plane cant and skeletal patterns in the hard palate thickness?

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the thickness of the hard palate at the different angles formed by the palatal plane and the Frankfort horizontal line using computed tomography in patients with different facial patterns for planning the installation of MARPE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The measurements were analysed in the hard palate of 106 patients. Four regions were selected passing through the mesial face, tangent at the level of the cemento-enamel junction of the premolars and molars. The bone thickness was measured from the floor of the nasal cavity to the cortical bone of the hard palate, 02 measurements with a distance of 05 mm between them (2.5 mm on each side starting from the midsagittal line) and 2 more with a distance of 7 mm between measurements (3.5 mm on each side starting from the midsagittal line). The palatal plane cant was determined based on the palatal plane and the Frankfort horizontal plane. The sagittal skeletal pattern was determined based on the ANB angle and the vertical skeletal pattern based on the SN.Go.Gn angle. RESULTS: Palatal bone thickness was greater in males than in females. Regarding the sagittal skeletal pattern, patients with Class II were found to have a thinner hard palate than Class I and Class III patients. No difference in the vertical skeletal pattern was observed between groups. Regarding the palatal plane cant, bone thickness was greater in patients with clockwise rotation. CONCLUSIONS: Careful planning should be considered in the case of female patients; patients with greater angles of the palatal plane cant and Class II patients have a smaller bone thickness.