RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with a mild chronic inflammatory response, which has been suggested to be pivotal in the development of cardiometabolic alterations of obesity. However, little is known about the involvement of acute inflammation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether circulating neutrophils, markers of acute inflammation, are associated (quantitatively and qualitatively) with adolescent obesity and whether leptin modulates these associations. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We assessed 528 adolescents (16.8 yr old, 47% females), without chronic/acute illness. We measured anthropometry and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and calculated fat mass percentage (FM%). Fasting serum glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and triglycerides were used with blood pressure and waist circumference to compute a metabolic z-score. Leukocyte and neutrophil counts were obtained, together with levels of serum leptin. In a subsample of 23 males, flow cytometry was used to assess degranulation (CD66b expression) of neutrophils. RESULTS: Female sex and obesity were positively related to mean neutrophil counts (p < 0.05). When accounting for sex and weight status, leptin was associated with neutrophil counts (p < 0.05), partially explaining the association between obesity and neutrophil counts. Neutrophil counts were related to metabolic risk z-scores, controlling for fat mass. Participants with elevated FM% showed more neutrophil degranulation than controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Participants with increased adiposity had higher circulating neutrophil counts, suggesting acute inflammation. Furthermore, the neutrophils showed more degranulation, indicating inflammation. Obesity-induced alteration of the adipose secretory pattern (i.e., changes in leptin levels) could be involved in acute inflammation.
Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo/inmunología , Adiposidad , Leptina/sangre , Paniculitis/etiología , Obesidad Infantil/fisiopatología , Regulación hacia Arriba , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Adolescente , Índice de Masa Corporal , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Chile/epidemiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Leptina/metabolismo , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Paniculitis/sangre , Paniculitis/inmunología , Paniculitis/fisiopatología , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
The authors analyze insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome and endothelial dysfunction as consequence of a common antecedent, a low grade inflammation, indicating that in obesity there is a chronically activated inflammatory state of the adipose tissue. Furthermore, the inflammatory signaling is discussed according to the adipose tissue depot, visceral or subcutaneous.
Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo/fisiología , Aterosclerosis/fisiopatología , Resistencia a la Insulina/fisiología , Síndrome Metabólico/fisiopatología , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Paniculitis/fisiopatología , Adipoquinas/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Animales , Aterosclerosis/etiología , Endotelio Vascular/metabolismo , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólico/etiología , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/metabolismo , Paniculitis/metabolismo , Grasa Subcutánea/metabolismoRESUMEN
The authors analyze insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome and endothelial dysfunction as consequence of a common antecedent, a low grade inflammation, indicating that in obesity there is a chronically activated inflammatory state of the adipose tissue. Furthermore, the inflammatory signaling is discussed according to the adipose tissue depot, visceral or subcutaneous.
Os autores analisam a resistência à insulina, a síndrome metabólica e a disfunção endotelial como consequência de um antecedente comum, a inflamação de baixo nível, o que mostra que a obesidade é um estado inflamatório cronicamente ativado do tecido adiposo. Discute-se, aqui, a sinalização inflamatória de acordo com a localização do tecido adiposo subcutâneo ou visceral.