Effect of a 3-second Off-label Exposure on the Depth of Cure of Eight Resin-based Composites.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the depth of cure (DoC) of eight resin-based composites (RBCs) photocured using one multipeak light-curing unit (LCU) on the standard output setting for the manufacturer's RBC recommended exposure time and at a higher irradiance for 3 seconds. METHODS: Three conventional RBCs: Tetric EvoCeram (Evo), Tetric N-Ceram (Cer), Tetric Prime (Pri); and five bulk-fill: Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (CerBF), Opus Bulk Fill APS (OpusBF), Opus Bulk Fill Flow APS (OpusF), Tetric PowerFill (PFill) and Tetric PowerFlow (PFlow) were examined. Only PFill and PFlow are formulated to be photocured in 3 seconds. The RBCs were packed into a metal mold and photocured using a Bluephase PowerCure LCU for the RBC manufacturer's recommended exposure time on the standard mode and using the 3-second high irradiance mode. After photocuring, the specimens were immersed in a solvent for 1 hour. The length of the remaining RBC was measured and divided by 2. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey post hoc multiple comparison test (α=0.05). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the DoC values for PFill and PFlow when photocured using the 3-second high irradiance protocol compared to the lower irradiance standard mode protocol. All other RBCs had significantly lower DoC values (p<0.001) when photocured off-label using the 3-second high irradiance mode. CONCLUSION: Of the eight RBCs tested, only PFill and PFlow achieved the same DoC when the high irradiance 3-second curing method was used compared to when their longer lower irradiance protocol was used.

Design of Experiments Grants Mechanistic Insights into the Synthesis of Spermine-Containing PBAE Copolymers.

Successful therapeutic delivery of siRNA with polymeric nanoparticles seems to be a promising but not vastly understood and complicated goal to achieve. Despite years of research, no polymer-based delivery system has been approved for clinical use. Polymers, as a delivery system, exhibit considerable complexity and variability, making their consistent production a challenging endeavor. However, a better understanding of the polymerization process of polymer excipients may improve the reproducibility and material quality for more efficient use in drug products. Here, we present a combination of Design of Experiment and Python-scripted data science to establish a prediction model, from which important parameters can be extracted that influence the synthesis results of polybeta-amino esters (PBAEs), a common type of polymer used preclinically for nucleic acid delivery. We synthesized a library of 27 polymers, each one at different temperatures with different reaction times and educt ratios using an orthogonal central composite (CCO-) design. This design allowed a detailed characterization of factor importance and interactions using a very limited number of experiments. We characterized the polymers by analyzing the resulting composition by 1H-NMR and the size distribution by GPC measurements. To further understand the complex mechanism of block polymerization in a one-pot synthesis, we developed a Python script that helps us to understand possible step-growth steps. We successfully developed and validated a predictive response surface and gathered a deeper understanding of the synthesis of polyspermine-based amphiphilic PBAEs.

Are the metal identity and stoichiometry of metal complexes important for colchicine site binding and inhibition of tubulin polymerization?

Quite recently we discovered that copper(II) complexes with isomeric morpholine-thiosemicarbazone hybrid ligands show good cytotoxicity in cancer cells and that the molecular target responsible for this activity might be tubulin. In order to obtain better lead drug candidates, we opted to exploit the power of coordination chemistry to (i) assemble structures with globular shape to better fit the colchicine pocket and (ii) vary the metal ion. We report the synthesis and full characterization of bis-ligand cobalt(III) and iron(III) complexes with 6-morpholinomethyl-2-formylpyridine 4N-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-thiosemicarbazone (HL1), 6-morpholinomethyl-2-acetylpyridine 4N-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-thiosemicarbazone (HL2), and 6-morpholinomethyl-2-formylpyridine 4N-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (HL3), and mono-ligand nickel(II), zinc(II) and palladium(II) complexes with HL1, namely [CoIII(HL1)(L1)](NO3)2 (1), [CoIII(HL2)(L2)](NO3)2 (2), [CoIII(HL3)(L3)](NO3)2 (3), [FeIII(L2)2]NO3 (4), [FeIII(HL3)(L3)](NO3)2 (5), [NiII(L1)]Cl (6), [Zn(L1)Cl] (7) and [PdII(HL1)Cl]Cl (8). We discuss the effect of the metal identity and metal complex stoichiometry on in vitro cytotoxicity and antitubulin activity. The high antiproliferative activity of complex 4 correlated well with inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Insights into the mechanism of antiproliferative activity were supported by experimental results and molecular docking calculations.

Multi-condensate state as a functional strategy to optimize the cell signaling output.

The existence of multiple biomolecular condensates inside living cells is a peculiar phenomenon not compatible with the predictions of equilibrium statistical mechanics. In this work, we address the problem of multiple condensates state (MCS) from a functional perspective. We combine Langevin dynamics, reaction-diffusion simulation, and dynamical systems theory to demonstrate that MCS can indeed be a function optimization strategy. Using Arp2/3 mediated actin nucleation pathway as an example, we show that actin polymerization is maximum at an optimal number of condensates. For a fixed amount of Arp2/3, MCS produces a greater response compared to its single condensate counterpart. Our analysis reveals the functional significance of the condensate size distribution which can be mapped to the recent experimental findings. Given the spatial heterogeneity within condensates and non-linear nature of intracellular networks, we envision MCS to be a generic functional solution, so that structures of network motifs may have evolved to accommodate such configurations.

A Novel Pyrazole Exhibits Potent Anticancer Cytotoxicity via Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Arrest, and the Inhibition of Tubulin Polymerization in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.

In this study, we screened a chemical library to find potent anticancer compounds that are less cytotoxic to non-cancerous cells. This study revealed that pyrazole PTA-1 is a potent anticancer compound. Additionally, we sought to elucidate its mechanism of action (MOA) in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cytotoxicity was analyzed with the differential nuclear staining assay (DNS). Additional secondary assays were performed to determine the MOA of the compound. The potential MOA of PTA-1 was assessed using whole RNA sequencing, Connectivity Map (CMap) analysis, in silico docking, confocal microscopy, and biochemical assays. PTA-1 is cytotoxic at a low micromolar range in 17 human cancer cell lines, demonstrating less cytotoxicity to non-cancerous human cells, indicating a favorable selective cytotoxicity index (SCI) for the killing of cancer cells. PTA-1 induced phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase-3/7 activation, and DNA fragmentation in triple-negative breast MDA-MB-231 cells, indicating that it induces apoptosis. Additionally, PTA-1 arrests cells in the S and G2/M phases. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that PTA-1 altered the expression of 730 genes at 24 h (198 upregulated and 532 downregulated). A comparison of these gene signatures with those within CMap indicated a profile similar to that of tubulin inhibitors. Subsequent studies revealed that PTA-1 disrupts microtubule organization and inhibits tubulin polymerization. Our results suggest that PTA-1 is a potent drug with cytotoxicity to various cancer cells, induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and inhibits tubulin polymerization, indicating that PTA-1 is an attractive drug for future clinical cancer treatment.

Point mutations at specific sites of the nsp12-nsp8 interface dramatically affect the RNA polymerization activity of SARS-CoV-2.

In a recent characterization of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variability present in 30 diagnostic samples from patients of the first COVID-19 pandemic wave, 41 amino acid substitutions were documented in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) nsp12. Eight substitutions were selected in this work to determine whether they had an impact on the RdRp activity of the SARS-CoV-2 nsp12-nsp8-nsp7 replication complex. Three of these substitutions were found around the polymerase central cavity, in the template entry channel (D499G and M668V), and within the motif B (V560A), and they showed polymerization rates similar to the wild type RdRp. The remaining five mutations (P323L, L372F, L372P, V373A, and L527H) were placed near the nsp12-nsp8F contact surface; residues L372, V373, and L527 participated in a large hydrophobic cluster involving contacts between two helices in the nsp12 fingers and the long α-helix of nsp8F. The presence of any of these five amino acid substitutions resulted in important alterations in the RNA polymerization activity. Comparative primer elongation assays showed different behavior depending on the hydrophobicity of their side chains. The substitution of L by the bulkier F side chain at position 372 slightly promoted RdRp activity. However, this activity was dramatically reduced with the L372P, and L527H mutations, and to a lesser extent with V373A, all of which weaken the hydrophobic interactions within the cluster. Additional mutations, specifically designed to disrupt the nsp12-nsp8F interactions (nsp12-V330S, nsp12-V341S, and nsp8-R111A/D112A), also resulted in an impaired RdRp activity, further illustrating the importance of this contact interface in the regulation of RNA synthesis.

Amyloid formation and depolymerization of tumor suppressor p16INK4a are regulated by a thiol-dependent redox mechanism.

The conversion of a soluble protein into polymeric amyloid structures is a process that is poorly understood. Here, we describe a fully redox-regulated amyloid system in which cysteine oxidation of the tumor suppressor protein p16INK4a leads to rapid amyloid formation. We identify a partially-structured disulfide-bonded dimeric intermediate species that subsequently assembles into fibrils. The stable amyloid structures disassemble when the disulfide bond is reduced. p16INK4a is frequently mutated in cancers and is considered highly vulnerable to single-point mutations. We find that multiple cancer-related mutations show increased amyloid formation propensity whereas mutations stabilizing the fold prevent transition into amyloid. The complex transition into amyloids and their structural stability is therefore strictly governed by redox reactions and a single regulatory disulfide bond.

Molecular dynamics simulations in pre-polymerization mixtures for peptide recognition.

CONTEXT: Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have promising applications as synthetic antibodies for protein and peptide recognition. A critical aspect of MIP design is the selection of functional monomers and their adequate proportions to achieve materials with high recognition capacity toward their targets. To contribute to this goal, we calibrated a molecular dynamics protocol to reproduce the experimental trends in peptide recognition of 13 pre-polymerization mixtures reported in the literature for the peptide toxin melittin. METHODS: Three simulation conditions were tested for each mixture by changing the box size and the number of monomers and cross-linkers surrounding the template in a solvent-explicit environment. Fully atomistic MD simulations of 350 ns were conducted with the AMBER20 software, with ff19SB parameters for the peptide, gaff2 parameters for the monomers and cross-linkers, and the OPC water model. Template-monomer interaction energies under the LIE approach showed significant differences between high-affinity and low-affinity mixtures. Simulation systems containing 100 monomers plus cross-linkers in a cubic box of 90 Å3 successfully ranked the mixtures according to their experimental performance. Systems with higher monomer densities resulted in non-specific intermolecular contacts that could not account for the experimental trends in melittin recognition. The mixture with the best recognition capacity showed preferential binding to the 13-26-α-helix, suggesting a relevant role for this segment in melittin imprinting and recognition. Our findings provide insightful information to assist the computational design of molecularly imprinted materials with a validated protocol that can be easily extended to other templates.

In vitro antifungal and physicochemical properties of polymerized acrylic resin containing strontium-modified phosphate-based glass.

Acrylic resins are widely used as the main components in removable orthodontic appliances. However, poor oral hygiene and maintenance of orthodontic appliances provide a suitable environment for the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, strontium-modified phosphate-based glass (Sr-PBG) was added to orthodontic acrylic resin at 0% (control), 3.75%, 7.5%, and 15% by weight to evaluate the surface and physicochemical properties of the novel material and its in vitro antifungal effect against Candida albicans (C. albicans). Surface microhardness and contact angle did not vary between the control and 3.75% Sr-PBG groups (p > 0.05), and the flexural strength was lower in the experimental groups than in the control group (p < 0.05), but no difference was found with Sr-PBG content (p > 0.05). All experimental groups showed an antifungal effect at 24 and 48 h compared to that in the control group (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that 3.75% Sr-PBG exhibits antifungal effects against C. albicans along with suitable physicochemical properties, which may help to minimize the risk of adverse effects associated with harmful microbial living on removable orthodontic appliances and promote the use of various materials.

Performance of a polymerization-based electrochemically assisted persulfate process on a real coking wastewater treatment.

Industrial wastewater should be treated with caution due to its potential environmental risks. In this study, a polymerization-based cathode/Fe3+/peroxydisulfate (PDS) process was employed for the first time to treat a raw coking wastewater, which can achieve simultaneous organics abatement and recovery by converting organic contaminants into separable solid organic-polymers. The results confirm that several dominant organic contaminants in coking wastewater such as phenol, cresols, quinoline and indole can be induced to polymerize by self-coupling or cross-coupling. The total chemical oxygen demand (COD) abatement from coking wastewater is 46.8% and the separable organic-polymer formed from organic contaminants accounts for 62.8% of the abated COD. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) abatement of 41.9% is achieved with about 89% less PDS consumption than conventional degradation-based process. Operating conditions such as PDS concentration, Fe3+ concentration and current density can affect the COD/DOC abatement and organic-polymer yield by regulating the generation of reactive radicals. ESI-MS result shows that some organic-polymers are substituted by inorganic ions such as Cl-, Br-, I-, NH4+, SCN- and CN-, suggesting that these inorganic ions may be involved in the polymerization. The specific consumption of this coking wastewater treatment is 27 kWh/kg COD and 95 kWh/kg DOC. The values are much lower than those of the degradation-based processes in treating the same coking wastewater, and also are lower than those of most processes previously reported for coking wastewater treatment.

Ultrasensitive electrochemical microRNA-21 detection based on MXene and ATRP photocatalytic strategy.

A Ti3C2TxMXene-based biosensor has been developed and the photocatalytic atom transfer radical polymerization (photo ATRP) amplification strategy applied to detect target miRNA-21 (tRNA). Initially, Ti3C2TxMXene nanosheets were synthesized from the Ti3AlC2 MAX precursor via selective aluminum etching. Then, functionalization of Ti3C2TxMXene nanosheets with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) via silylation reactions to facilitate covalent bonding with hairpin DNA biomolecules specifically designed for tRNA detection. Upon binding with the tRNA, the hairpin DNA liberated the azide (N3) group, initiating a click reaction to affix to the photo ATRP initiator. Through the ATRP photoreaction, facilitated by an organic photoredox catalyst and light, a significant amount of ferrocenyl methyl methacrylate (FMMA) monomer was immobilized on the electrode. Therefore, the electrochemical signal is amplified. The electrochemical efficacy of the biosensor was assessed using square wave voltammetry (SWV). Under optimized conditions, the biosensor demonstrated remarkable sensitivity in detecting tRNA, with a linear detection range from 0.01 fM to 10 pM and a detection limit of 2.81 aM. The findings elucidate that the developed biosensor, in conjunction with the photo ATRP strategy, offers reproducibility, stability, and increased sensitivity, underscoring its potential applications within the experimental medical sector of the biomolecular industry.

Polymerization of ZBTB transcription factors regulates chromatin occupancy.

BCL6, an oncogenic transcription factor (TF), forms polymers in the presence of a small-molecule molecular glue that stabilizes a complementary interface between homodimers of BCL6's broad-complex, tramtrack, and bric-à-brac (BTB) domain. The BTB domains of other proteins, including a large class of TFs, have similar architectures and symmetries, raising the possibility that additional BTB proteins self-assemble into higher-order structures. Here, we surveyed 189 human BTB proteins with a cellular fluorescent reporter assay and identified 18 ZBTB TFs that show evidence of polymerization. Through biochemical and cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) studies, we demonstrate that these ZBTB TFs polymerize into filaments. We found that BTB-domain-mediated polymerization of ZBTB TFs enhances chromatin occupancy within regions containing homotypic clusters of TF binding sites, leading to repression of target genes. Our results reveal a role of higher-order structures in regulating ZBTB TFs and suggest an underappreciated role for TF polymerization in modulating gene expression.

Relationship between the polymerization distance of monowave and polywave light-curing units and the irradiance and physical properties of dental resin-based composites.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of the polymerization distance of monowave and polywave light curing units (LCUs) on the measured irradiance relative to the value reported by the manufacturer in relation to the physical properties of resin-based composites (RBCs). METHODS: Four LCUs were used: one monowave and three polywave. The irradiance was measured with a digital radiometer. Depth of cure (DC) and flexural strength (FS) tests were performed according to ISO 4049:2019 at polymerization distances of 0 mm and 5 mm. RESULTS: The irradiance of all LCUs was higher than that reported by the manufacturer (>25-64%). The irradiance of the four LCUs was reduced when polymerization was performed at between 0 to 5 mm (paired t-test, P < 0.001). The DC at 0 mm was similar in all groups but was significantly decreased at 5 mm distance (ANOVA P < 0.001). FS showed differences among the LCUs at 0 mm (ANOVA P < 0.001) and was affected by the polymerization distance. The elastic modulus was unaffected by the LCU used or the distance (ANOVA P > 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The LCU must be positioned as near as possible to RBCs during the polymerization process, as increased distance negatively affects the depth of cure and flexural strength.

Engineering Interfacial Integrity with Hydrolytic-Resistant, Self-Reinforcing Dentin Adhesive.

The leading cause of composite restoration failure is secondary caries, and although caries is a multifactorial problem, weak, damage-prone adhesives play a pivotal role in the high susceptibility of composite restorations to secondary caries. Our group has developed synthetic resins that capitalize on free-radical polymerization and sol-gel reactions to provide dental adhesives with enhanced properties. The resins contain γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) as the Si-based compound. This study investigated the properties of methacrylate-based resins containing methacryloxymethyltrimethoxysilane (MMeS) as a short-chain alternative. The degree of conversion (DC), polymerization kinetics, water sorption, mechanical properties, and leachates of MMeS- and MPS-resins with 55 and 30 wt% BisGMA-crosslinker were determined. The formulations were used as model adhesives, and the adhesive/dentin (a/d) interfaces were analyzed using chemometrics-assisted micro-Raman spectroscopy. The properties of the 55 wt% formulations were comparable. In the 30 wt% BisGMA formulations, the MMeS-resin exhibited faster polymerization, lower DC, reduced leachates, and increased storage and loss moduli, glass transition (Tg), crosslink density, and heterogeneity. The spectroscopic results indicated a comparable spatial distribution of resin, mineralized, and demineralized dentin across the a/d interfaces. The hydrolytically stable experimental short-chain-silane-monomer dental adhesive provides enhanced mechanical properties through autonomous strengthening and offers a promising strategy for the development of restorative dental materials with extended service life.

Regulation of Precise DNA Repair by Nuclear Actin Polymerization: A Chance for Improving Gene Therapy?

Although more difficult to detect than in the cytoplasm, it is now clear that actin polymerization occurs in the nucleus and that it plays a role in the specific processes of the nucleus such as transcription, replication, and DNA repair. A number of studies suggest that nuclear actin polymerization is promoting precise DNA repair by homologous recombination, which could potentially be of help for precise genome editing and gene therapy. This review summarizes the findings and describes the challenges and chances in the field.

Novel lignin α-O-4 derived hydrogen donors in CQ-based photoinitiating systems for dental resins.

The purpose of this work is to explore the properties of the lignin-derived amine-free photoinitiating systems (PISs) during the curing process. Four novel hydrogen donors (HD1, HD2, HD3, and HD4) derived from lignin α-O-4 structural were designed and synthesized by simple methods, and their low C-H bond dissociation energies on methylene were determined by molecular orbitals theory. Four experimental groups using CQ (camphorquinone)/HD PIs formulated with Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (70 w%/30 w%) were compared to CQ/EDB (ethyl 4-dimethylamino benzoate) system. The photopolymerization profiles and double bond conversion rate was tracked by FTIR experiments; the color bleaching ability of the samples and color aging test assay were performed using color indexes measurements; The cytotoxicity of the samples was also compared to EDB related systems. All of the experimental groups with new HDs were compared to the control group with EDB by statistical analysis. Compared to CQ/EDB system, new lignin-derived hydrogen donors combined with CQ showed comparable or even better performances in polymerization initiation to form resin samples, under a blue dental LED in air. Excellent color bleaching property was observed with the new HDs. Aging tests and cytotoxicity examination of the resin were performed, indicating the new lignin compounds to be efficient hydrogen donors for amine-free CQ-based photo-initiating system. Novel lignin α-O-4 derived hydrogen donors are promising for further usage in light-curing materials.

A model of microtubule depolymerization by kinesin-8 motor proteins.

The dimeric kinesin-8 motors have the biological function of depolymerizing microtubules (MTs) from the plus end. However, the molecular mechanism of the depolymerization promoted by the kinesin-8 motors is still undetermined. Here, a model is proposed for the MT depolymerization by the kinesin-8 motors. Based on the model, the dynamics of depolymerization in the presence of the single motor at the MT plus end under no load and under load on the motor is studied theoretically. The dynamics of depolymerization in the presence of multiple motors at the MT plus end is also analyzed. The theoretical results explain well the available experimental data. The studies can also be applicable to other families of kinesin motors such as kinesin-13 mitotic centromere-associated kinesin motors that have the ability to depolymerize MTs.

Optimizing carboxylated nanocellulose preparation: A kinetic and mechanistic study on the enhancement of TEMPO-mediated oxidation via swelling treatment.

This study explored the application of swelling pretreatment as a solution to the high cost and contamination associated with the process of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation for nanocellulose preparation. The results demonstrated that swelling significantly expanded the fibers while preserving the degree of polymerization (DP) of cellulose (approximately 95 %). The native crystal structure and hydrogen bonding of cellulose were disrupted after swelling, leading to a reduction in crystallinity and crystallite size, and the decrease of bonding energy and content of intermolecular O6-H⋯O3'. The TEMPO-mediated oxidation processes of cellulose fibers with or without swelling were successfully fitted using a consecutive first-order reaction kinetic model. The fitting results indicated that swelling significantly reduced the activation energy of TEMPO-mediated oxidation and enhanced the reaction rate. Among three swelling systems, the NaOH/thiourea/water system exhibited the optimal promotion effect. Consequently, the swelling treatment enables a significant reduction of 30 % in the catalyst dose for the TEMPO-mediated oxidation while preserving a competitive reaction rate, yield, and product performance. Lower catalyst dosage helps to reduce cost and environmental impact, facilitating the industrial application of the TEMPO-mediated oxidation process.

Relationships between degree of polymerization and activities: A study on condensed tannins from the bark of Ficus altissima.

Condensed tannins were isolated from the bark of Ficus altissima and fractionated into four subcomponents on a Sephadex LH-20 column with 60 %, 80 %, 100 % methanol, and 70 % acetone, separately. Their structures were characterized by MALDI-TOF MS coupled with HPLC-ESI-MS and confirmed to be polymers of B-type procyanidin glucosides, procyanidins, and prodelphinidin glucosides. The degree of polymerization (DP) of these polymers was as high as 21, and the mDPs of the four subcomponents were calculated as 2.4, 6.6, 10.5 and 13.4, respectively. They competitively or noncompetitively suppressed the activities of tyrosinase and α-glucosidase through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. And they also showed a powerful antioxidative activity. Correlation analyses verified that the anti-tyrosinase capacity exhibited a significant positive correlation (R2monophenolase = 0.9167 and R2diphenolase = 0.9302) with mDP within the methanol-water system, and the anti-α-glucosidase activity also showed a significant positive correlation with the mDP (R2 = 0.9187). In contrast, the antioxidant capability showed a significant negative correlation with the mDP (R2DPPH = 0.9258, R2ABTS = 0.9372). This study confirmed that condensed tannins from the bark of F. altissima were desirable anti-tyrosinase, anti-α-glucosidase, and antioxidant agents, and elucidated the relationships of their mDP (molecular weight) and activities, which provided a scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of these polymers in the food, cosmetics, medicine and other fields.

On the dual crosslinking for functionality enhancement of poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)/chitosan-aluminum (III) ions and its characterization and sensory hydrogel fibers.

In this report, we present a dual crosslinking hydrogel fiber made from polyamine saccharides chitosan (CS), synthesized through UV polymerization. This process utilizes Irgacure 2959 and N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA) as initiators, followed by immersion in an aluminum chloride (AlCl3) solution. The resulting hydrogel incorporates a dual crosslinking mechanism, quantitatively studied via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This mechanism involves chemical crosslinking through radical graft polymerization of acrylamide and acrylic acid onto CS in the presence of MBAA, and physical crosslinking through hydrogen bonding interactions between P(AAm-co-AA) and a metal coordination bond. The mechanical properties of the hydrogel fiber enable it to withstand stresses up to 656 kPa and strains exceeding 300 %. Additionally, the hydrogel fiber exhibits conductivity at 1.96 Scm-1. Serving as a multifunctional material, it acts as a strain sensor and finds utility in optics. Remarkably, it demonstrates the capability to detect human motions such as finger bending and minor deformations like vibrations of the vocal cords. Furthermore, its ability to guide dynamic light makes it promising for optical applications. Consequently, this multifunctional hydrogel fiber emerges as a highly promising candidate for diverse applications in fields such as bioengineering and electronics.