Battling Salmonella enteritidis infections: integrating proteomics and in vivo assessment of Galla Chinensis tannic acid.

Salmonella infections pose a significant threat to animal and human health. Phytochemicals present a potential alternative treatment. Galla chinensis tannic acid (GCTA), a hydrolyzable polyphenolic compound, inhibits bacterial growth and demonstrates potential as an alternative or supplement to antibiotics to prevent Salmonella infections. However, little is known about the antimicrobial mechanism of GCTA against Salmonella. Here, we revealed 456 differentially expressed proteins upon GCTA treatment, impacting pathways related to DNA replication, repair, genomic stability, cell wall biogenesis, and lipid metabolism using TMT-labeled proteomic analysis. TEM analysis suggested altered bacterial morphology and structure post-treatment. A Salmonella-infected-mouse model indicated that GCTA administration improved inflammatory markers, alleviated intestinal histopathological alterations, and reduced Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) colonization in the liver and spleen of Salmonella-infected mice. The LD50 of GCTA was 4100 mg/kg with an oral single dose, vastly exceeding the therapeutic dose. Thus, GCTA exhibited antibacterial and anti-infective activity against S. Enteritidis. Our results provided insight into the molecular mechanisms of these antibacterial effects, and highlights the potential of GCTA as an alternative to antibiotics.

Comparison among Different Green Extraction Methods of Polyphenolic Compounds from Exhausted Olive Oil Pomace and the Bioactivity of the Extracts.

The use of by-products as a source of bioactive compounds with economic added value is one of the objectives of a circular economy. The olive oil industry is a source of olive pomace as a by-product. The olive pomace used in the present study was the exhausted olive pomace, which is the by-product generated from the air drying and subsequent hexane extraction of residual oil from the olive pomace. The objective was to extract bioactive compounds remaining in this by-product. Various types of green extraction were used in the present study: solvent extraction (water and hydroalcoholic); ultrasound-assisted extraction; Ultra-Turrax-assisted extraction; and enzyme-assisted extraction (cellulase; viscoenzyme). The phenolic profile of each extract was determined using HPLC-DAD and the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC) were determined as well. The results showed significant differences in the yield of extraction among the different methods used, with the enzyme-assisted, with or without ultrasound, extraction presenting the highest values. The ultrasound-assisted hydroethanolic extraction (USAHE) was the method that resulted in the highest content of the identified phenolic compounds: 2.021 ± 0.29 mg hydroxytyrosol/100 mg extract, 0.987 ± 0.09 mg tyrosol/100 mg extract, and 0.121 ± 0.005 mg catechol/100 mg extract. The conventional extraction with water at 50 °C produced the best results for TPC and antioxidant activity of the extracts. The extracts from the USAHE were able to inhibit Gram-positive bacteria, especially Bacillus cereus, showing 67.2% inhibition at 3% extract concentration.

Total Content and Composition of Phenolic Compounds from Filipendula Genus Plants and Their Potential Health-Promoting Properties.

This current article was dedicated to the determination of the composition of phenolic compounds in extracts of four species of the genus Filipendula in order to establish a connection between the composition of polyphenols and biological effects. A chemical analysis revealed that the composition of the extracts studied depended both on the plant species and its part (leaf or flower) and on the extractant used. All four species of Filipendula were rich sources of phenolic compounds and contained hydrolyzable tannins, condensed tannins, phenolic acids and their derivatives, and flavonoids. The activities included data on those that are most important for creating functional foods with Filipendula plant components: the influence on blood coagulation measured by prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time, and on the activity of the digestive enzymes (pancreatic amylase and lipase). It was established that plant species, their parts, and extraction methods contribute meaningfully to biological activity. The most prominent result is as follows: the plant organ determines the selective inhibition of either amylase or lipase; thus, the anticoagulant activities of F. camtschatica and F. stepposa hold promise for health-promoting food formulations associated with general metabolic disorders.

Polyphenols of the Inuleae-Inulinae and Their Biological Activities: A Review.

Polyphenols are ubiquitous plant metabolites that demonstrate biological activities essential to plant-environment interactions. They are of interest to plant food consumers, as well as to the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. The class of the plant metabolites comprises both widespread (chlorogenic acids, luteolin, quercetin) and unique compounds of diverse chemical structures but of the common biosynthetic origin. Polyphenols next to sesquiterpenoids are regarded as the major class of the Inuleae-Inulinae metabolites responsible for the pharmacological activity of medicinal plants from the subtribe (Blumea spp., Dittrichia spp., Inula spp., Pulicaria spp. and others). Recent decades have brought a rapid development of molecular and analytical techniques which resulted in better understanding of the taxonomic relationships within the Inuleae tribe and in a plethora of data concerning the chemical constituents of the Inuleae-Inulinae. The current taxonomical classification has introduced changes in the well-established botanical names and rearranged the genera based on molecular plant genetic studies. The newly created chemical data together with the earlier phytochemical studies may provide some complementary information on biochemical relationships within the subtribe. Moreover, they may at least partly explain pharmacological activities of the plant preparations traditionally used in therapy. The current review aimed to systematize the knowledge on the polyphenols of the Inulae-Inulinae.

Phenolic Compounds Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Plant-Based Protein Supplements.

The study aimed to determine the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of five protein supplements of plant origin. The content and profile of phenolics were determined using the UHPLC-DAD-MS method, while antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH assays) and total phenolic content (TPC) were evaluated using spectrophotometric tests. In the analyzed proteins, twenty-five polyphenols were detected, including eleven phenolic acids, thirteen flavonoids, and one ellagitannin. Hemp protein revealed the highest individual phenolics content and TPC value (1620 µg/g and 1.79 mg GAE/g, respectively). Also, hemp protein showed the highest antioxidant activity determined via ABTS (9.37 µmol TE/g) and DPPH (9.01 µmol TE/g) assays. The contents of p-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, kaempferol, rutin, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and TPC value were significantly correlated with antioxidant activity assays. Our findings indicate that plant-based protein supplements are a valuable source of phenols and can also be used in research related to precision medicine, nutrigenetics, and nutrigenomics. This will benefit future health promotion and personalized nutrition in the prevention of chronic diseases.

Valorization of Red Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) Pomace Combined with Golden Linseed (Lini semen) for the Development of Vegetable Crispbreads as Gluten-Free Snacks Rich in Bioactive Compounds.

This work aimed to develop gluten-free snacks such as crispbread based on beetroot pomace (Beta vulgaris L.) and golden linseed (Lini semen). Beetroot is attracting more and more consumer attention because of its nutritional and health properties. The use of beet pomace contributes to waste management. Linseed, known as a superfood with many health-promoting properties, was used to produce crispbreads as an alternative to cereals, which are allergens. Beetroot pomace and whole or ground linseed were used in different proportions to produce crispbread snacks. Chemical and physical analyses were performed including water activity, dry matter, betalains, and polyphenols content, as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A sensory evaluation and microstructure observations were also performed. The obtained snacks were characterized by low water activity (0.290-0.395) and a high dry matter content (93.43-97.53%), which ensures their microbiological stability and enables longer storage. Beetroot pomace provided betalains-red (14.59-51.44 mg betanin/100 g d.m.) and yellow dyes (50.02-171.12 mg betanin/100 g d.m.)-while using linseed enriched the product with polyphenols (730-948 mg chlorogenic acid/100 g d.m.). FTIR analysis showed the presence of functional groups such as the following: -OH, -C-O, -COOH, and -NH. The most desired overall consumer acceptability was achieved for snacks containing 50% beetroot pomace and 50% linseed seeds. The obtained results confirmed that beetroot pomace combined with linseed can be used in the production of vegetable crispbread snacks.

Changes in the Glucose Concentration Affect the Formation of Humic-like Substances in Polyphenol-Maillard Reactions Involving Gibbsite.

The polyphenol-Maillard reaction is considered one of the important pathways in the formation of humic-like substances (HLSs). Glucose serves as a microbial energy source that drives the humification process. However, the effects of changes in glucose, particularly its concentration, on abiotic pathways remain unclear. Given that the polyphenol-Maillard reaction requires high precursor concentrations and elevated temperatures (which are not present in soil), gibbsite was used as a catalyst to overcome energetic barriers. Catechol and glycine were introduced in fixed concentrations into a phosphate-buffered solution containing gibbsite using the liquid shake-flask incubation method, while the concentration of glucose was controlled in a sterile incubation system. The supernatant fluid and HLS components were dynamically extracted over a period of 360 h for analysis, thus revealing the influence of different glucose concentrations on abiotic humification pathways. The results showed the following: (1) The addition of glucose led to a higher degree of aromatic condensation in the supernatant fluid. In contrast, the supernatant fluid without glucose (Glu0) and the control group without any Maillard precursor (CK control group) exhibited lower degrees of aromatic condensation. Although the total organic C (TOC) content in the supernatant fluid decreased in all treatments during the incubation period, the addition of Maillard precursors effectively mitigated the decreasing trend of TOC content. (2) While the C content of humic-like acid (CHLA) and the CHLA/CFLA ratio (the ratio of humic-like acid to fulvic-like acid) showed varying increases after incubation, the addition of Maillard precursors resulted in a more noticeable increase in CHLA content and the CHLA/CFLA ratio compared to the CK control group. This indicated that more FLA was converted into HLA, which exhibited a higher degree of condensation and humification, thus improving the quality of HLS. The addition of glycine and catechol without glucose or with a glucose concentration of 0.06 mol/L was particularly beneficial in enhancing the degree of HLA humification. Furthermore, the presence of glycine and catechol, as well as higher concentrations of glucose, promoted the production of N-containing compounds in HLA. (3) The presence of Maillard precursors enhanced the stretching vibration of the hydroxyl group (-OH) of HLA. After the polyphenol-Maillard reaction of glycine and catechol with glucose concentrations of 0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.12, or 0.24 mol/L, the aromatic C structure in HLA products increased, while the carboxyl group decreased. The presence of Maillard precursors facilitated the accumulation of polysaccharides in HLA with higher glucose concentrations, ultimately promoting the formation of Al-O bonds. However, the quantities of phenolic groups and phenols in HLA decreased to varying extents.

Metabolomic insights into the profile, bioaccessibility, and transepithelial transport of polyphenols from germinated quinoa during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion/Caco-2 cell transport, and their prebiotic effects during colonic fermentation.

The health-promoting activities of polyphenols and their metabolites originating from germinated quinoa (GQ) are closely related to their digestive behavior, absorption, and colonic fermentation; however, limited knowledge regarding these properties hinder further development. The aim of this study was to provide metabolomic insights into the profile, bioaccessibility, and transepithelial transport of polyphenols from germinated quinoa during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and Caco-2 cell transport, whilst also investigating the changes in the major polyphenol metabolites and the effects of prebiotics during colonic fermentation. It was found that germination treatment increased the polyphenol content of quinoa by 21.91%. Compared with RQ group, 23 phenolic differential metabolites were upregulated and 47 phenolic differential metabolites were downregulated in GQ group. Compared with RQ group after simulated digestion, 7 kinds of phenolic differential metabolites were upregulated and 17 kinds of phenolic differential metabolites were downregulated in GQ group. Compared with RQ group after cell transport, 7 kinds of phenolic differential metabolites were upregulated and 9 kinds of phenolic differential metabolites were downregulated in GQ group. In addition, GQ improved the bioaccessibilities and transport rates of various polyphenol metabolites. During colonic fermentation, GQ group can also increase the content of SCFAs, reduce pH value, and adjust gut microbial populations by increasing the abundance of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobiota, and Spirochaeota at the phylum level, as well as Bifidobacterium, Megamonas, Bifidobacterium, Brevundimonas, and Bacteroides at the genus level. Furthermore, the GQ have significantly inhibited the activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Based on these results, it was possible to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of polyphenol metabolism in GQ and highlight its beneficial effects on the gut microbiota.

Profiling and optimized extraction of bioactive polyphenolic compounds from young, red-fleshed apple using eco-friendly deep eutectic solvents.

Red-fleshed apple cultivars with an enhanced content of polyphenolic compounds have attracted increasing interest due to their promising health benefits. Here, we have analysed the polyphenolic content of young, red-fleshed apples (RFA) and optimised extraction conditions of phenolics by utilising natural deep eutectic solvents (NDES). We also compare the antioxidant, neuroprotective and antimicrobial activities of NDES- and methanol-extracted phenolics from young RFA. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) was used for phenolics identification and quantification. Besides young RFA, ripe red-fleshed, young and ripe white-fleshed apples were analysed, revealing that young RFA possess the highest phenolic content (2078.4 ± 4.0 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g), and that ripe white-fleshed apples contain the least amount of phenolics (545.0 ± 32.0 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g). The NDES choline chloride-glycerol containing 40 % w/w H2O gave similar yields at 40 °C as methanol. In addition, the polyphenolics profile, and bioactivities of the NDES extract from young RFA were comparable that of methanol extracts. Altogether, our data show that NDES extracts of young RFA are a promising source of bioactive polyphenolics with potential applications in diverse sectors, e.g., for functional food production, smart material engineering and natural therapies.

Time maters: Exploring the dynamics of bioactive compounds content, bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity during Lupinus angustifolius germination.

Germination is a process that enhances the content of health-promoting secondary metabolites. However, the bioaccessibility of these compounds depends on their stability and solubility throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The study aimed to explore how germination time influences the content and bioaccessibility of γ-aminobutyric acid and polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) sprouts during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Gamma-aminobutyric acid showed a decrease following gastrointestinal digestion (GID) whereas phenolic acids and flavonoids exhibited bioaccessibilities of up to 82.56 and 114.20%, respectively. Although the digestion process affected the profile of phenolic acids and flavonoids, certain isoflavonoids identified in 7-day sprouts (G7) showed resistance to GID. Germination not only favored antioxidant activity but also resulted in germinated samples exhibiting greater antioxidant properties than ungerminated counter parts after GID. Intestinal digests from G7 did not show cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and notably, they showed an outstanding ability to inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species. This suggests potential benefit in mitigating oxidative stress. These findings contribute to understand the dynamic interplay between bioprocessing and digestion in modulating the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds in lupin, thereby impacting health.

Acid-hydrolyzed phenolic extract of parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) leaves inhibits lipid oxidation in soybean oil-in-water emulsions.

The antioxidant activity of the natural phenolic extracts is limited in particular food systems due to the existence of phenolic compounds in glycoside form. Acid hydrolysis post-treatment could be a tool to convert the glycosidic polyphenols in the extracts to aglycones. Therefore, this research investigated the effects of an acid hydrolysis post-treatment on the composition and antioxidant activity of parsley extracts obtained by an ultrasound-assisted extraction method to delay lipid oxidation in a real food system (i.e., soybean oil-in-water emulsion). Acid hydrolysis conditions were varied to maximize total phenolic content (TPC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. When extracts were exposed to 0.6 M HCl for 2 h at 80 ℃, TPC was 716.92 ± 24.43 µmol gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L, and DPPH radical scavenging activity was 66.89 ± 1.63 %. Not only did acid hydrolysis increase the concentrations of individual polyphenols, but it also resulted in the release of new phenolics such as myricetin and gallic acid. The extract's metal chelating and ferric-reducing activity increased significantly after acid hydrolysis. In soybean oil-in-water emulsion containing a TPC of 400 µmol GAE/L, the acid-hydrolyzed extract had an 11-day lag phase for headspace hexanal compared to the 6-day lag phase of unhydrolyzed extract. The findings indicated that the conversion of glycosidic polyphenols to aglycones in phenolic extracts can help extend the shelf-life of emulsion-based foods.

The Antioxidant Power of a Diet May Improve the Quality of Life of Young Women with Acne Vulgaris.

Acne vulgaris (AV) significantly reduces the quality of life (QoL) of young people, so it is important to look for factors that can improve their QoL. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between dietary antioxidants measured using the new DAQI index and QoL measured using standardized tests. The DAQI included the following elements: antioxidant vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, polyphenols, phytosterols, lignans, and the total antioxidant capacity of the diet. The study involved 165 young women with AV, mainly students. A self-report survey was used to collect basic data on their sociodemographic status, anthropometric information, and lifestyle. The energy value of the diet and the content of vitamins, minerals, and carotenoids with antioxidant activity in the diet were estimated using 3-day food diaries and the Diet 6.0 program. The antioxidant potential of the diet and the content of polyphenols, phytosterols, lignans, and selenium were calculated based on the consumption of individual food products and available databases. The results of this study showed that the QoL of the young women with AV was impaired. However, greater adherence to an antioxidant diet reduces the risk of AV impact on the QoL by approximately 30-32% and the risk of depression by 33%. The DAQI may be used as a new indicator of diet quality in acne vulgaris.

Black Trumpet [Craterellus cornucopioides (L.) Pers.]-Bioactive Properties and Prospects for Application in Medicine and Production of Health-Promoting Food.

Black trumpet (Craterellus cornucopioides) is a mushroom present in many countries but underestimated. The aim of this publication is to present the latest state of knowledge about the chemical composition and bioactivity of C. cornucopioides and the possibility of its application in food. According to researchers, black trumpet is very rich in nutritional compounds, including unsaturated fatty acids (mainly oleic and linoleic acids), ß-glucans, minerals, and vitamins as well as polyphenols and tannins. It also contains compounds influencing the sensory properties, like free amino acids and nucleotides as well as sugars and polyols, mainly mannitol. Many of the described components show high nutritional and bioactive properties. Therefore, C. cornucopioides shows antioxidant activity and immunostimulating, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects as well as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antihyperglycemic effects. This makes black trumpet, also called horn of plenty, a mushroom with great potential for use both in medicine and directly in food. So far, black trumpet is not widely used in food, especially processed food. There are only a few studies on the use of dried black trumpet in sausages, but there is great potential for its use in food.

Effect of Sugar- and Polyphenol-Rich, Diluted Cloudy Apple Juice on the Intestinal Barrier after Moderate Endurance Exercise and in Ultra-Marathon Runners.

BACKGROUND: Exercise and the consumption of sugars result in a dysfunction of the intestinal barrier (IB). Here, we determined the effect of sugar in a natural matrix on the intestinal barrier after moderate (A) and intensive endurance exercise (B). METHOD: The IB function was determined before (pre) and after running (post), and 120 and 180 min after consuming the drink by measuring serum endotoxin concentrations (lipopolysaccharides-LPS), IL-6, CD14, and i-FABP. In study A, nonspecifically trained participants (n = 24, males and females, age 26 ± 4) ran for one hour at 80% of their individual anaerobic threshold (IAT). After finishing, the runners consumed, in a crossover setup, either 500 mL of water, diluted cloudy apple juice (test drink), or an identical drink (placebo) without the fruit juice matrix (FJM). In study B, the participants (n = 30, males and females, age 50 ± 9) completed an ultra-marathon run, were divided into groups, and consumed one of the above-mentioned drinks. RESULTS: Study A: Exercise resulted in a significant increase in serum LPS, i-FABP, and IL-6, which decreased fast after finishing. No impact of the different drinks on LPS i-FABP, or IL-6 could be observed, but there was an impact on CD14. Study B: The ultra-marathon resulted in a strong increase in serum LPS, which decreased fast after finishing in the water and test drink groups, but not in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: The consumed drinks did not affect the kinetics of IB regeneration after moderate exercise, but impacted CD14 serum concentrations, indicating possible beneficial effects of the FJM on the immune system. After an ultra-marathon, IB function regenerates very fast. The intake of sugar (placebo) seems to have had a negative impact on IB regeneration, which was diminished by the presence of the FJM.

Integrated Analysis of Genomic and Genome-Wide Association Studies Identified Candidate Genes for Nutrigenetic Studies in Flavonoids and Vascular Health: Path to Precision Nutrition for (Poly)phenols.

Flavonoids exert vasculoprotective effects in humans, but interindividual variability in their action has also been reported. This study aims to identify genes that are associated with vascular health effects of flavonoids and whose polymorphisms could explain interindividual variability in response to their intake. Applying the predetermined literature search criteria, we identified five human intervention studies reporting positive effects of flavonoids on vascular function together with global genomic changes analyzed using microarray methods. Genes involved in vascular dysfunction were identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). By extracting data from the eligible human intervention studies, we obtained 5807 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The number of identified upstream regulators (URs) varied across the studies, from 227 to 1407. The search of the GWAS Catalog revealed 493 genes associated with vascular dysfunction. An integrative analysis of transcriptomic data with GWAS genes identified 106 candidate DEGs and 42 candidate URs, while subsequent functional analyses and a search of the literature identified 20 top priority candidate genes: ALDH2, APOE, CAPZA1, CYP11B2, GNA13, IL6, IRF5, LDLR, LPL, LSP1, MKNK1, MMP3, MTHFR, MYO6, NCR3, PPARG, SARM1, TCF20, TCF7L2, and TNF. In conclusion, this integrated analysis identifies important genes to design future nutrigenetic studies for development of precision nutrition for polyphenols.

Optimization of Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) Parameters for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Moringa oleifera Leaves and Bioactivity Assessment.

Moringa oleifera leaves are rich sources of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits, including antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) stands out as a promising technique for effectively extracting valuable compounds from natural sources. In this study, we aimed to optimize PLE parameters, such as temperature, extraction duration, and pressure, to maximize bioactive compound (polyphenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid) yield from M. oleifera leaves and evaluate their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. According to the outcomes of this research, the maximum achieved total polyphenol content was 24.10 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of dry weight (dw), and the total flavonoid content was increased up to 19.89 mg rutin equivalents (RtE)/g dw. Moreover, after HPLC-DAD analysis, neochlorogenic and chlorogenic acids, catechin and epicatechin, rutin, and narirutin were identified and quantified. As far as the optimum ascorbic acid content is concerned, it was found to be 4.77 mg/g dw. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by three different methods: ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), the DPPH method, and the anti-hydrogen peroxide activity (AHPA) method, resulting in 124.29 µmol ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g dw, 131.28 µmol AAE/g dw, and 229.38 µmol AAE/g dw values, respectively. Lastly, the albumin denaturation inhibition was found to be 37.54%. These findings underscore the potential of PLE as an efficient extraction method for preparing extracts from M. oleifera leaves with the maximum content of bioactive compounds.

A polyphenol fraction from Rosa multiflora var. platyphylala reduces body fat in overweight humans through appetite suppression - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Rosa species are rich sources of polyphenols with physiological functions. In this study a polyphenol-rich Rosa multiflora (var. platyphylala) petal extract (RoseFit™) was investigated for weight loss in humans. METHODS: In a randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, double-blind clinical trial seventy overweight male and female subjects (20-50 years) with body mass index (BMI) 25-30 kg/m2 were randomly allocated to the active treatment group (RoseFit) and placebo group in a 1:1 ratio. The subjects received 300 mg capsules twice daily for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy outcome measures included body weight, BMI, and body composition, as determined using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Secondary measures consisted of serum lipid profile and appetite marker (leptin and ghrelin) analyses. Safety analyses included biochemical and hematological assessments. RESULTS: At the end of the study, a marked reduction in body weight (-1.20 ± 2.62 kg, p < 0.05) and BMI from baseline was observed in the RoseFit group. In addition, the body fat % (RoseFit = -1.69 ± 2.59%, placebo = 0.96 ± 3.21%; p < 0.001) and fat mass (RoseFit = -1.75 ± 1.80 kg, placebo = 1.61 ± 3.82 kg; p < 0.001) were significantly abated in RoseFit group. Importantly, the lean mass was maintained during the intervention. RoseFit ingestion significantly increased the serum leptin levels compared to the placebo (4.85%; p < 0.05). Further, RoseFit group showed reduction in the hunger hormone ghrelin level (2.27%; p < 0.001) from baseline to the end of study, compared to the placebo. The subjective evaluation of appetite using visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaires further confirmed the appetite-suppression effects of RoseFit. The lipid profile significantly improved in RoseFit-treated subjects. No serious adverse events were observed during the study, indicating the tolerability of RoseFit. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation with RoseFit significantly impacts body weight management and can thus be a potential nutraceutical ingredient for sustainable weight loss. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CTRI/2019/10/021584 dated 09/10/2019.

Bioactive Glasses Modulate Anticancer Activity and Other Polyphenol-Related Properties of Polyphenol-Loaded PCL/Bioactive Glass Composites.

In this work, bioactive glass (BG) particles obtained by three different methods (melt-quenching, sol-gel, and sol-gel-EISA) were used as modifiers of polyphenol-loaded PCL-based composites. The composites were loaded with polyphenolic compounds (PPh) extracted from sage (Salvia officinalis L.). It was hypothesized that BG particles, due to their different textural properties (porosity, surface area) and surface chemistry (content of silanol groups), would act as an agent to control the release of polyphenols from PCL/BG composite films and other significant properties associated with and affected by the presence of PPh. The polyphenols improved the hydrophilicity, apatite-forming ability, and mechanical properties of the composites and provided antioxidant and anticancer activity. As the BG particles had different polyphenol-binding capacities, they modulated the kinetics of polyphenol release from the composites and the aforementioned properties to a great extent. Importantly, the PPh-loaded materials exhibited multifaceted and selective anticancer activity, including ROS-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of osteosarcoma (OS) cells (Saos-2) via Cdk2-, GADD45G-, and caspase-3/7-dependent pathways. The materials showed a cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect on cancerous osteoblasts but not on normal human osteoblasts. These results suggest that the composites have great potential as biomaterials for treating bone defects, particularly following surgical removal of OS tumors.

Inhibitory effect of extracts from edible parts of nuts on α-amylase activity: a systematic review.

Elevated blood glucose concentration is a risk factor for developing metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance, leading to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Nuts have the potential to inhibit α-amylase activity, and so lower postprandial glucose, due to their content of polyphenols and other bioactive compounds. We conducted a systematic literature review to assess the ability of extracts from commonly consumed edible parts of nuts to inhibit α-amylase. Among the 31 included papers, only four utilised human α-amylases. These papers indicated that polyphenol-rich chestnut skin extracts exhibited strong inhibition of both human salivary and pancreatic α-amylases, and that a polyphenol-rich almond skin extract was a potent inhibitor of human salivary α-amylase. The majority of the reviewed studies utilised porcine pancreatic α-amylase, which has ∼86% sequence homology with the corresponding human enzyme but with some key amino acid variations located within the active site. Polyphenol-rich extracts from chestnut, almond, kola nut, pecan and walnut, and peptides isolated from cashew, inhibited porcine pancreatic α-amylase. Some studies used α-amylases sourced from fungi or bacteria, outcomes from which are entirely irrelevant to human health, as they have no sequence homology with the human enzyme. Given the limited research involving human α-amylases, and the differences in inhibition compared to porcine enzymes and especially enzymes from microorganisms, it is recommended that future in vitro experiments place greater emphasis on utilising enzymes sourced from humans to facilitate a reliable prediction of effects in intervention studies.

Polyphenolic Nanoparticle Platforms (PARCELs) for In Vitro and In Vivo mRNA Delivery.

Despite their successful implementation in the COVID-19 vaccines, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) still face a central limitation in the delivery of mRNA payloads: endosomal trapping. Improving upon this inefficiency could afford improved drug delivery systems, paving the way toward safer and more effective mRNA-based medicines. Here, we present polyphenolic nanoparticle platforms (PARCELs) as effective mRNA delivery systems. In brief, our investigation begins with a computationally guided structural analysis of 1825 discrete polyphenolic structural data points across 73 diverse small molecule polyphenols and 25 molecular parameters. We then generate structurally diverse PARCELs, evaluating their in vitro mechanism and activity, ultimately highlighting the superior endosomal escape properties of PARCELs relative to analogous LNPs. Finally, we examine the in vivo biodistribution, protein expression, and therapeutic efficacy of PARCELs in mice. In undertaking this approach, the goal of this study is to establish PARCELs as viable delivery platforms for safe and effective mRNA delivery.