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1.
Environ Geochem Health ; 46(8): 282, 2024 Jul 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38963450

RESUMEN

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants with carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects. The white-rot fungi in the fungal group have significant degradation ability for high molecular weight organic pollutants. However, exogenous fungi are easily antagonized by indigenous microorganisms. Low molecular weight organic acids, a small molecular organic matter secreted by plants, can provide carbon sources for soil microorganisms. Combining organic acids with white rot fungi may improve the nutritional environment of fungi. In this study, immobilized Trametes versicolor was used to degrade benzo[a]pyrene in soil, and its effect on removing benzo[a]pyrene in soil mediated by different low molecular weight organic acids was investigated. The results showed that when the degradation was 35 days, the removal effect of the experimental group with citric acid was the best, reaching 43.7%. The degradation effect of Trametes versicolor on benzo[a]pyrene was further investigated in the liquid medium when citric acid was added, and the effects of citric acid on the biomass, extracellular protein concentration and laccase activity of Trametes versicolor were investigated by controlling different concentrations of citric acid. In general, citric acid can act as a carbon source for Trametes versicolor and promote its extracellular protein secretion and laccase activity, thereby accelerating the mineralization of benzo[a]pyrene by Trametes versicolor. Therefore, citric acid can be used as a biostimulant in the remediation of PAHs contaminated soil with Trametes versicolor.


Asunto(s)
Benzo(a)pireno , Biodegradación Ambiental , Ácido Cítrico , Contaminantes del Suelo , Benzo(a)pireno/toxicidad , Benzo(a)pireno/metabolismo , Ácido Cítrico/metabolismo , Contaminantes del Suelo/metabolismo , Contaminantes del Suelo/toxicidad , Lacasa/metabolismo , Microbiología del Suelo , Polyporaceae/metabolismo , Trametes/metabolismo , Biomasa
2.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol ; 108(1): 377, 2024 Jun 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38888638

RESUMEN

Submerged cultivation of edible filamentous fungi (Agaricomycetes) in bioreactors enables maximum mass transfer of nutrients and has the potential to increase the volumetric productivity of fungal biomass compared to solid state cultivation. These aspects are paramount if one wants to increase the range of bioactives (e.g. glucans) in convenient time frames. In this study, Trametes versicolor (M9911) outperformed four other Agaricomycetes tested strains (during batch cultivations in an airlift bioreactor). This strain was therefore further tested in semi-continuous cultivation. Continuous and semi-continuous cultivations (driven by the dilution rate, D) are the preferred bioprocess strategies for biomass production. We examined the semi-continuous cultivation of T. versicolor at dilution rates between 0.02 and 0.1 h-1. A maximum volumetric productivity of 0.87 g/L/h was obtained with a D of 0.1 h-1 but with a lower total biomass production (cell dry weight, CDW 8.7 g/L) than the one obtained at lower dilution rates (12.3 g/L at D of 0.04 and vs 13.4 g/L, at a D of 0.02 h-1). However, growth at a D of 0.1 h-1 resulted in a very short fermentation (18 h) which terminated due to washout (the specific D exceeded the maximum growth rate of the fungal biomass). At a D of 0.04 h-1, a CDW of 12.3 g/L was achieved without compromising the total residence time (184 h) of the fermentation. While the D of 0.04 h-1 and 0.07 h-1 achieved comparable volumetric productivities (0.5 g/L/h), the total duration of the fermentation at D of 0.07 h-1 was only 85 h. The highest glucan content of cells (27.8 as percentage of CDW) was obtained at a D of 0.07 h-1, while the lowest glucan content was observed in T. versicolor cells grown at a D of 0.02 h-1. KEY POINTS: • The highest reported volumetric productivity for fungal biomass was 0.87 g/L/h. • Semi-continuous fermentation at D of 0.02 h-1 resulted in 13.4 g/L of fungal biomass. • Semi-continuous fermentation at D of 0.07 h-1 resulted in fungal biomass with 28% of total glucans.


Asunto(s)
Biomasa , Reactores Biológicos , Reactores Biológicos/microbiología , Fermentación , Medios de Cultivo/química , Técnicas de Cultivo Celular por Lotes/métodos , Polyporaceae/metabolismo , Polyporaceae/crecimiento & desarrollo
3.
Microb Cell Fact ; 23(1): 167, 2024 Jun 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38849849

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: White-rot fungi are known to naturally produce high quantities of laccase, which exhibit commendable stability and catalytic efficiency. However, their laccase production does not meet the demands for industrial-scale applications. To address this limitation, it is crucial to optimize the conditions for laccase production. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying different conditions remain unclear. This knowledge gap hinders the cost-effective application of laccases. RESULTS: In this study, we utilized transcriptomic and metabolomic data to investigate a promising laccase producer, Cerrena unicolor 87613, cultivated with fructose as the carbon source. Our comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) aimed to identify changes in cellular processes that could affect laccase production. As a result, we discovered a complex metabolic network primarily involving carbon metabolism and amino acid metabolism, which exhibited contrasting changes between transcription and metabolic patterns. Within this network, we identified five biomarkers, including succinate, serine, methionine, glutamate and reduced glutathione, that played crucial roles in co-determining laccase production levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our study proposed a complex metabolic network and identified key biomarkers that determine the production level of laccase in the commercially promising Cerrena unicolor 87613. These findings not only shed light on the regulatory mechanisms of carbon sources in laccase production, but also provide a theoretical foundation for enhancing laccase production through strategic reprogramming of metabolic pathways, especially related to the citrate cycle and specific amino acid metabolism.


Asunto(s)
Lacasa , Redes y Vías Metabólicas , Lacasa/metabolismo , Lacasa/genética , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Carbono/metabolismo , Regulación Fúngica de la Expresión Génica , Transcriptoma , Polyporaceae/enzimología , Polyporaceae/genética , Polyporaceae/metabolismo , Fructosa/metabolismo , Metabolómica , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética
4.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol ; 112(5): 70, 2024 Apr 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38676752

RESUMEN

Trichloroethylene (TCE) poses a potentially toxic threat to humans and the environment and widely exists in contaminated sites. White rot fungi effectively degrade refractory pollutants, while a few research studies use white rot fungi to degrade TCE. In this study, we investigated TCE biodegradation by white rot fungi and the potential influencing factors in the environment and attempted to research the effect of TCE on the physiological characteristics of white rot fungi. White rot fungi (Trametes versicolor, Pseudotrametes gibbosa, Pycnoporus sanguines and Pleurotus ostreatus) were added to the liquid medium for shock culture. The results revealed that T. versicolor exhibited the most pronounced efficacy in removing TCE, with a degradation rate of 81.10% within a 7 d period. TCE induces and is degraded by cytochrome P450 enzymes. High pH and Cr(VI) adversely affected the effectiveness of the biodegradation of TCE, but the salinity range of 0-1% had less effect on biodegradation. Overall, the effectiveness of degradation of TCE by T. versicolor has been demonstrated, and it provides a reference for the application prospects of white rot fungi in TCE-contaminated soils.


Asunto(s)
Biodegradación Ambiental , Tricloroetileno , Tricloroetileno/metabolismo , Contaminantes del Suelo/metabolismo , Contaminantes del Suelo/toxicidad , Polyporaceae/metabolismo
5.
Chemosphere ; 352: 141406, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38367881

RESUMEN

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a highly toxic nitroaromatic explosive known for its environmental consequences, contaminating soil and groundwater throughout its life cycle, from production to disposal. Therefore, the urgency of developing innovative and ecological strategies to remedy the affected areas is recognized. This study reports, for the first time, the enzymatic biotransformation of TNT by a cocktail of native laccases from Pycnoporus sanguineus CS43. The laccases displayed efficient TNT conversion under both oxygenic and non-oxygenic conditions, achieving biotransformation rates of 80% and 87% within 48 h at a temperature of 60 °C and pH 7. Preliminary kinetic constants were calculated with the laccase cocktail, being a Vmax of 1.133 µM min-1 and 0.2984 µM min-1, and the Km values were 1586 µM and 458 µM, in an oxygenic and non-oxygenic atmosphere, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) confirmed the formation of amino dinitrotoluene isomers and hydroxylamine isomers as biotransformation products. In summary, this study suggests the potential application of laccases for the direct biotransformation of recalcitrant compounds like TNT, offering an environmentally friendly approach to address contamination issues.


Asunto(s)
Polyporaceae , Trinitrotolueno , Lacasa/química , Biotransformación , Polyporaceae/metabolismo
6.
Environ Technol ; 45(11): 2243-2254, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36647685

RESUMEN

High-cyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), with complex fused aromatic structures, are widespread, refractory and harmful in soil, but the current remediation technologies for high-cyclic PAHs are often inefficient and costly. This study focused on the biodegradation process of high-cyclic benzo[a]pyrene by Trametes versicolor crude enzymes. The crude enzymes exhibited high laccase activity (22112 U/L) and benzo[a]pyrene degradation efficiency (42.21%) within a short reaction time. Through the actual degradation and degradation kinetics, the degradation efficiency of PAHs decreased with the increase of aromatic rings. And the degradation conditions (temperature, pH, Cu2+ concentration, mediator) were systematically optimised. The optimum degradation conditions (1.5 mM Cu2+, 28℃ and pH 6) showed significant degradation efficiency for the low and medium concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene. In addition, complete degradation of benzo[a]pyrene could be achieved using only 0.2 mM of HBT mediator compared with crude enzymes alone. Collectively, these results showed the high-cyclic PAHs degradation potential of Trametes versicolor crude enzymes, and provided references to evaluate applicable prospects of white rot fungus crude enzymes in PAHs-contaminated soils.


Asunto(s)
Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Polyporaceae , Contaminantes del Suelo , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/metabolismo , Trametes/metabolismo , Benzo(a)pireno/metabolismo , Polyporaceae/metabolismo , Biodegradación Ambiental , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis
7.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol ; 107(12): 3967-3981, 2023 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37178306

RESUMEN

α-L-Arabinofuranosidases (Abfs) play a crucial role in the degradation of hemicelluloses, especially arabinoxylans (AX). Most of the available characterized Abfs are from bacteria, while fungi, as natural decomposers, contain Abfs with little attention given. An arabinofuranosidase (ThAbf1), belonging to the glycoside hydrolase 51 (GH51) family, from the genome of the white-rot fungus Trametes hirsuta, was recombinantly expressed, characterized, and functionally determined. The general biochemical properties showed that the optimal conditions for ThAbf1 were pH 6.0 and 50°C. In substrate kinetics assays, ThAbf1 preferred small fragment arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS) and could surprisingly hydrolyze di-substituted 23,33-di-L-arabinofuranosyl-xylotriose (A2,3XX). It also synergized with commercial xylanase (XYL) and increased the saccharification efficiency of arabinoxylan. The crystal structure of ThAbf1 indicated the presence of an adjacent cavity next to the catalytic pocket which led to the ability of ThAbf1 to degrade di-substituted AXOS. The narrow binding pocket prevents ThAbf1 from binding larger substrates. These findings have strengthened our understanding of the catalytic mechanism of GH51 family Abfs and provided a theoretical foundation for the development of more efficient and versatile Abfs to accelerate the degradation and biotransformation of hemicellulose in biomass. KEY POINTS: • ThAbf1 from Trametes hirsuta degraded di-substituted arabinoxylo-oligosaccharide. • ThAbf1 performed detailed biochemical characterization and kinetics. • ThAbf1 structure has been obtained to illustrate the substrate specificity.


Asunto(s)
Polyporaceae , Trametes , Xilanos/metabolismo , Polyporaceae/metabolismo , Oligosacáridos/metabolismo , Glicósido Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Especificidad por Sustrato
8.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 30(20): 58436-58449, 2023 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36991205

RESUMEN

Ganoderma lucidum is widely cultivated and used as traditional medicine in China and other Asian countries. As a member of macrofungi, Ganoderma lucidum is also prone to bioaccumulation of cadmium and other heavy metals in a polluted environment, which affects the growth and production of Ganoderma lucidum, as well as human health. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is considered a general antioxidant and free radical scavenger that is involved in the regulation of various stress responses in plants and animals. However, whether NAC could regulate cadmium stress responses in macrofungi, particularly edible fungi, is still unknown. In this work, we found that the exogenous NAC could alleviate Cd-induced growth inhibition and reduce the cadmium accumulation in Ganoderma lucidum. The application of the NAC cloud also inhibit cadmium-induced H2O2 production in the mycelia. By using transcriptome analysis, 2920 and 1046 differentially expressed unigenes were identified in "Cd100 vs CK" and "NAC_Cd100 vs Cd100," respectively. These differential unigenes were classified into a set of functional categories and pathways, which indicated that various biological pathways may play critical roles in the protective effect of NAC against Cd­induced toxicity in Ganoderma lucidum. Furthermore, it suggested that the ATP-binding cassette transporter, ZIP transporter, heat shock protein, glutathione transferases, and Cytochrome P450 genes contributed to the increased tolerance to cadmium stress after NAC application in Ganoderma lucidum. These results provide new insight into the physiological and molecular response of Ganoderma lucidum to cadmium stress and the protective role of NAC against cadmium toxicity.


Asunto(s)
Ganoderma , Polyporaceae , Polyporales , Reishi , Humanos , Animales , Reishi/genética , Reishi/metabolismo , Acetilcisteína/farmacología , Cadmio/metabolismo , Polyporaceae/genética , Polyporaceae/metabolismo , Polyporales/genética , Polyporales/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Ganoderma/metabolismo
9.
BMC Microbiol ; 23(1): 29, 2023 01 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36703110

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Trametes gibbosa, which is a white-rot fungus of the Polyporaceae family found in the cold temperate zone, causes spongy white rot on wood. Laccase can oxidize benzene homologs and is one of the important oxidases for white rot fungi to degrade wood. However, the pathway of laccase synthesis in white rot fungi is unknown. RESULTS: The peak value of laccase activity reached 135.75 U/min/L on the 9th day. For laccase activity and RNA-seq data, gene expression was segmented into 24 modules. Turquoise and blue modules had greater associations with laccase activity (positively 0.94 and negatively -0.86, respectively). For biology function, these genes were concentrated on the cell cycle, citrate cycle, nicotinate, and nicotinamide metabolism, succinate dehydrogenase activity, flavin adenine dinucleotide binding, and oxidoreductase activity which are highly related to the laccase synthetic pathway. Among them, gene_8826 (MW199767), gene_7458 (MW199766), gene_61 (MW199765), gene_1741 (MH257605), and gene_11087 (MK805159) were identified as central genes. CONCLUSION: Laccase activity steadily increased in wood degradation. Laccase oxidation consumes oxygen to produce hydrogen ions and water during the degradation of wood. Some of the hydrogen ions produced can be combined by Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) to form reduced Flavin dinucleotide (FADH2), which can be transmitted. Also, the fungus was starved of oxygen throughout fermentation, and the NADH and FADH2 are unable to transfer hydrogen under hypoxia, resulting in the inability of NAD and FAD to regenerate and inhibit the tricarboxylic acid cycle of cells. These key hub genes related to laccase activity play important roles in the molecular mechanisms of laccase synthesis for exploring industrial excellent strains.


Asunto(s)
Lacasa , Polyporaceae , Lacasa/genética , Lacasa/metabolismo , Trametes/genética , Trametes/metabolismo , Flavina-Adenina Dinucleótido/genética , Flavina-Adenina Dinucleótido/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Protones , Polyporaceae/metabolismo , Oxígeno
10.
Biomolecules ; 12(6)2022 05 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35740880

RESUMEN

A mycelial culture of the African basidiomycete Echinochaete cf. brachypora was studied for biologically active secondary metabolites, and four compounds were isolated from its crude extract derived from shake flask fermentations, using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The pure metabolites were identified using extensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). Aside from the new metabolites 1-methoxyneomarinone (1) and (E)-3-methyl-5-(-12,13,14-trimethylcyclohex-10-en-6-yl)pent-2-enoic acid (4), the known metabolites neomarinone (2) and fumaquinone (4) were obtained. Such compounds had previously only been reported from Actinobacteria but were never isolated from the cultures of a fungus. This observation prompted us to evaluate whether the above metabolites may actually have been produced by an endosymbiontic bacterium that is associated with the basidiomycete. We have indeed been able to characterize bacterial 16S rDNA in the fungal mycelia, and the production of the metabolites stopped when the fungus was sub-cultured on a medium containing antibacterial antibiotics. Therefore, we have found strong evidence that compounds 1-4 are not of fungal origin. However, the endofungal bacterium was shown to belong to the genus Ralstonia, which has never been reported to produce similar metabolites to 1-4. Moreover, we failed to obtain the bacterial strain in pure culture to provide final proof for its identity. In any case, the current report is the first to document that polyporoid Basidiomycota are associated with endosymbionts and constitutes the first report on secondary metabolites from the genus Echinochaete.


Asunto(s)
Basidiomycota , Polyporaceae , Antibacterianos/química , Bacterias/metabolismo , Basidiomycota/química , Hongos/metabolismo , Polyporaceae/metabolismo
11.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol ; 194(11): 5220-5235, 2022 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35723831

RESUMEN

Bio-depolymerized the lignin macromolecules into low molecular lignin-derived aromatic compounds satisfies the requirement for carbon dioxide peaking and is also one of the important ways to realize lignin valorization. Coriolopsis trogii is a kind of less reported lignin-degrading white-rot fungus. The degradability of a self-isolated C. trogii TS01 on industrial lignins, including enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) and Kraft lignin (KL), was investigated in this paper. The results indicated that EHL could be used as an efficient carbon source to promote the cell growth and ligninolytic enzyme secretion of C. trogii TS01. Compared with using 2% glucose as carbon source, 1% EHL plus 1% glucose would increase the maximum cell dry weight, laccase activity, and manganese-dependent peroxidase activity of C. trogii TS01 by 24.8%, 164.1%, and 200%, respectively. However, the cell growth and ligninolytic enzyme secretion would be significantly inhibited in the case of 1% KL plus 1% glucose used as carbon source. As a result, at the 12th day of fermentation, the degradation rates of EHL and KL were 50.6% and 5.7%, respectively. The UV and FTIR analysis indicated that after been fermented by C. trogii TS01, S-unit content in EHL was decreased by 12.5% but G-unit content was increased by 53.7%. In conclusion, the research of this paper will provide a promising solution for the valorization of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin since the high biodegradation rate of lignin and high activity of ligninolytic enzymes could be achieved simultaneously.


Asunto(s)
Basidiomycota , Polyporaceae , Lignina/metabolismo , Lacasa/metabolismo , Dióxido de Carbono , Peroxidasas/metabolismo , Polyporaceae/metabolismo , Basidiomycota/metabolismo , Biodegradación Ambiental , Glucosa
12.
Pharm Biol ; 60(1): 600-608, 2022 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35277113

RESUMEN

CONTEXT: Amauroderma rugosum (Blume & T. Nees) Torrend (Ganodermataceae) is an edible mushroom with medicinal properties. However, the effects of A. rugosum on gastric ulcer remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the gastroprotective efficacy of water extract of A. rugosum (WEA) on gastric ulcer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly grouped as control, model, lansoprazole and 200, 100 and 50 mg/kg of WEA. After pre-treatment for seven days, ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models were established. The gastric ulcer and histopathology were investigated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and Western blot assays were conducted to explore the potential anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of WEA. Additionally, the pyloric ligation model was used to explore the influence of WEA on gastric acid and mucus. RESULTS: Pre-treatment with WEA (200, 100 and 50 mg/kg) effectively reduced ulcerous area in both ethanol-induced (71%, 88% and 71%) and indomethacin-induced (77%, 65% and 86%) gastric ulcer model. The gastric levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (34% and 50 mg/kg), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (32% and 100 mg/kg) and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) (36%, 45% and 41%) were reduced significantly (p < 0.05) by WEA. Serum nitric oxide was decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at 200 and 50 mg/kg and PGE2 concentration was increased remarkably (p < 0.05) at 100 mg/kg. Gene expression of inflammasome Nlrp3, and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) P65 were significantly decreased by WEA pre-treatment. However, the pH of gastric acid and secretion of mucus did not show any significant change. CONCLUSIONS: The gastroprotective effect of WEA on gastric damage is attributed to anti-inflammation through the inhibition on NF-κB P65 nuclear migration and Nlrp3 gene expression.


Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiulcerosos/farmacología , Polyporaceae/metabolismo , Úlcera Gástrica/prevención & control , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Antiulcerosos/administración & dosificación , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/patología , Masculino , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/genética , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Úlcera Gástrica/patología , Factor de Transcripción ReIA/metabolismo , Agua/química
13.
Biotech Histochem ; 97(7): 519-535, 2022 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35067152

RESUMEN

We investigated the function of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) genes in degradation of the diazo dye, Congo red, by white-rot fungus Lenzites gibbosa. Hyphae treated with Congo red at different times were sequenced to obtain transcription data. CYP450 genes in transcriptomes were identified using a gene-encoding protein functional search and analyzed in Cluster of Orthologous Genes, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in different groups were analyzed using EdgeR. We present the relation between transcription factors (TFs) and CYP450 regulation by analysis of the co-expression network. One hundred sixty CYP450 genes obtained by a functional annotation search were related to the oxido-reduction reaction of secondary metabolism, defense mechanism and aromatic compound degradation. The fastest decolorization and the greatest expression of CYP450 genes, which were related to the decolorization effect, occurred at 0-3 h. Seven CYP450 genes (7522, 6568, 4482, 9118, 10935, 7521 and 10926) were identified. The key TFs that regulate these genes belong to the zinc finger family. CYP450 genes and their products in L. gibbosa participated in degradation of Congo red and stress resistance. We provide a reference value for degradation and decolorization of Congo red.


Asunto(s)
Rojo Congo , Polyporaceae , Colorantes , Rojo Congo/metabolismo , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/genética , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Expresión Génica , Polyporaceae/metabolismo , Metabolismo Secundario
14.
J Biomol Struct Dyn ; 40(14): 6330-6339, 2022 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33554764

RESUMEN

Functional annotation of Trametes villosa genome was performed to search Class II peroxidase proteins in this white-rot fungus, which can be valuable for several biotechnological processes. After sequence identification and manual curation, five proteins were selected to build 3 D models by comparative modeling. Analysis of sequential and structural sequences from selected targets revealed the presence of two putative Lignin Peroxidase and three putative Manganese Peroxidase on this fungal genome. All 3 D models had a similar folding pattern from selected 3 D structure templates. After minimization and validation steps, the best 3 D models were subjected to docking studies and molecular dynamics to identify structural requirements and the interactions required for molecular recognition. Two reliable 3 D models of Class II peroxidases, with typical catalytic site and architecture, and its protein sequences are indicated to recombinant production in biotechnological applications, such as bioenergy.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.


Asunto(s)
Polyporaceae , Trametes , Colorantes , Lignina/química , Lignina/metabolismo , Peroxidasa , Peroxidasas/metabolismo , Polyporaceae/metabolismo , Trametes/genética , Trametes/metabolismo
15.
J Hazard Mater ; 423(Pt B): 127123, 2022 02 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34530268

RESUMEN

The growing demands of solvent-based industries like paint, pharmaceutical, petrochemical, paper and pulp, etc., have directly increased the release of effluents that are rich in hazardous aromatic compounds in the environment. A sustainable biotechnological approach utilizing laccases as biocatalyst enable in biodegradation of these aromatic toxin-rich effluents. However, this enzymatic process is ineffective as laccases lose their stability and catalytic activity at high organic solvent concentrations. In this study, molecular dynamic simulations of a novel solvent tolerant laccase, DLac from Cerrena sp. RSD1 was performed to explore the molecular-level understanding of DLac in 30%(v/v) acetone and acetonitrile. Solvent-induced conformational changes were analyzed via protein structure network, which was illustrated with respect to cliques and communities. In the presence of acetonitrile, the cliques around the active site and substrate-binding site were disjoined, thus the communities lost their network integrity. Whereas with acetone, the community near the substrate-binding site gained new residues and formed a rigidified network that corresponded to enhanced DLac's activity. Moreover, prominent solvent binding sites were speculated, which can be probable mutation targets to further improve solvent tolerance and catalytic activity. The molecular basis behind solvent induced catalytic activity will further aid in engineering laccase for its industrial application.


Asunto(s)
Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Polyporaceae , Dominio Catalítico , Lacasa/genética , Lacasa/metabolismo , Polyporaceae/metabolismo , Solventes
16.
Mycologia ; 113(2): 268-277, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33555992

RESUMEN

Amauroderma rugosum is one of the traditional Chinese medicinal mushrooms and is used to reduce inflammation, treat diuretic and upset stomach, and prevent cancer. Here, we present a genomic resource of Amauroderma rugosum (ACCC 51706) for further understanding its biology and exploration of the synthesis pathway of bioactive compounds. Genomic DNA was extracted and then subjected to Illumina HiSeq X Ten and PacBio Sequel I sequencing. The final genome is 40.66 Mb in size, with an N50 scaffold size of 36.6 Mb, and encodes 10 181 putative predicted genes. Among them, 6931 genes were functionally annotated. Phylogenomic analysis suggested that A. rugosum and Ganoderma sinense were not clustered together into a group and the latter was grouped with the Polyporaceae. Further, we also identified 377 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and 15 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. This is the first genome-scale assembly and annotation for an Amauroderma species. The identification of novel secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters would promote pharmacological research and development of novel bioactive compounds in the future.


Asunto(s)
Familia de Multigenes , Filogenia , Polyporaceae/clasificación , Polyporaceae/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Vías Biosintéticas/genética , Genoma Fúngico , Medicina Tradicional China , Anotación de Secuencia Molecular , Polyporaceae/metabolismo , Metabolismo Secundario/genética
17.
Bioorg Chem ; 108: 104651, 2021 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33508677

RESUMEN

The reductive activity of various basidiomycetous fungi towards carbonyl compounds was screened on an analytical level. Some strains displayed high reductive activities toward aromatic carbonyls and aliphatic ketones. Utilizing growing whole-cell cultures of Dichomitus albidofuscus, the reactions were up-scaled to a preparative level in an aqueous system. The reactions showed excellent selectivities and gave the respective alcohols in high yields. Carboxylic acids were also reduced to aldehydes and alcohols under the same conditions. In particular, benzoic, vanillic, ferulic, and p-coumaric acid were reduced to benzyl alcohol, vanillin, dihydroconiferyl alcohol and 1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan, respectively.


Asunto(s)
Alcoholes/metabolismo , Cetonas/metabolismo , Polyporaceae/metabolismo , Alcoholes/química , Biocatálisis , Cetonas/química , Estructura Molecular , Oxidación-Reducción
18.
Food Chem ; 342: 128344, 2021 Apr 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33268175

RESUMEN

Medicinal mushrooms, Coriolus versicolor and Lentinus edodes are extremely attractive as nutraceuticals. Here we used fruiting bodies to prepare novel kombucha beverage. Microbiological, physicochemical and chemical properties were monitored for eleven days, while the immunological properties of kombucha polysaccharide extracts were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures. FTIR analysis of polysaccharide extracts showed dominant presence of polysaccharides, in addition to phenols, lipids and proteins. C. versicolor kombucha extract displayed more complex polysaccharides, and a higher content of total polysaccharides, phenols and flavonoids compared to L. edodes kombucha extract. The extracts were not cytotoxic for PBMC in vitro up to 500 µg/ml, while immunomodulatory effects depended on their chemical compositions. The most prominent effect was on the reduction of Th2 cytokines and IL-10 in PBMC cultures. Based on these results, novel kombucha products could be recommended as functional beverages or nutraceuticals with potentially beneficial immunomodulatory effects in allergies.


Asunto(s)
Bebidas/microbiología , Fermentación , Polisacáridos Fúngicos/inmunología , Factores Inmunológicos/farmacología , Polyporaceae/química , Polyporaceae/metabolismo , Polisacáridos Fúngicos/química , Factores Inmunológicos/química , Leucocitos Mononucleares/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología
19.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces ; 12(51): 57431-57440, 2020 Dec 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33306341

RESUMEN

Filamentous fungi have been considered as candidates to replace petroleum-based adhesives and plastics in novel composite material production, particularly those containing lignocellulosic materials. However, the nature of the role of surface mycelium in the adhesion between lignocellulosic composite components is not well-known. The current study investigated the functionality of surface mycelium for wood bonding by incubating Trametes versicolor on yellow birch veneers and compared the lap-shear strengths after hot-pressing to evaluate if the presence of surface mycelium can improve the interface between two wood layers and consequently improve bonding. We found that the lap-shear strength of the samples was enhanced by the increase of surface mycelium coverage up to 8 days of incubation (up to 1.74 MPa) without a significant wood weight loss. We provide evidence that the bottom surface of the mycelium layer is more hydrophilic, contains more small-scale filamentous structure and contains more functional groups, resulting in better bonding with wood than the top surface. These observations confirm and highlight the functionality of the surface mycelium layer for wood bonding and provide useful information for future developments in fully biobased composites manufacturing.


Asunto(s)
Adhesivos/química , Micelio/química , Madera/química , Adhesivos/metabolismo , Ensayo de Materiales , Micelio/metabolismo , Polyporaceae/metabolismo , Resistencia al Corte , Propiedades de Superficie , Madera/metabolismo , Madera/microbiología
20.
Biomed Res Int ; 2020: 5324391, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33083471

RESUMEN

The main organochlorinated compounds used on agricultural crops are often recalcitrant, affecting nontarget organisms and contaminating rivers or groundwater. Diuron (N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N',N'-dimethylurea) is a chlorinated herbicide widely used in sugarcane plantations. Here, we evaluated the ability of 13 basidiomycete strains of growing in a contaminated culture medium and degrading the xenobiotic. Dissipation rates in culture medium with initial 25 mg/L of diuron ranged from 7.3 to 96.8%, being Pluteus cubensis SXS 320 the most efficient strain, leaving no detectable residues after diuron metabolism. Pycnoporus sanguineus MCA 16 removed 56% of diuron after 40 days of cultivation, producing three metabolites more polar than parental herbicide, two of them identified as being DCPU and DCPMU. Despite of the strong inductive effect of diuron upon laccase synthesis and secretion, the application of crude enzymatic extracts of P. sanguineus did not catalyzed the breakdown of the herbicide in vitro, indicating that diuron biodegradation was not related to this oxidative enzyme.


Asunto(s)
Basidiomycota/metabolismo , Biodegradación Ambiental , Diurona/farmacocinética , Herbicidas/farmacocinética , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/farmacocinética , Agaricales/metabolismo , Basidiomycota/efectos de los fármacos , Basidiomycota/crecimiento & desarrollo , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Diurona/toxicidad , Herbicidas/toxicidad , Hidrocarburos Clorados/farmacocinética , Hidrocarburos Clorados/toxicidad , Lacasa/metabolismo , Modelos Biológicos , Nitrógeno/metabolismo , Polyporaceae/metabolismo , Bosque Lluvioso , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad
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