Trans-nasal sphenopalatine ganglion block for post-dural puncture headache management: a meta-analysis of randomized trials

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of trans-nasal Sphenopalatine Ganglion (SPG) block over other treatments for Post-Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) management. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on databases for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) comparing trans-nasal SPG blockade for the management of PDPH over other treatment modalities. All outcomes were pooled using the Mantel-Haenszel method and random effect model. Analyses of all outcomes were performed as a subgroup based on the type of control interventions (conservative, intranasal lignocaine puffs, sham, and Greater Occipital Nerve [GON] block). The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Results: After screening 1748 relevant articles, 9 RCTs comparing SPG block with other interventions (6 conservative treatments, 1 sham, 1 GON and 1 intranasal lidocaine puff) were included in this meta-analysis. SPG block demonstrated superiority over conservative treatment in pain reduction at 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h after interventions and treatment failures with "very low" to "moderate" quality of evidence. The SPG block failed to demonstrate superiority over conservative treatment in pain reduction beyond 6 h, need for rescue treatment, and adverse events. SPG block demonstrated superiority over intranasal lignocaine puff in pain reduction at 30 min, 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h after interventions. SPG block did not show superiority or equivalence in all efficacy and safety outcomes as compared to sham and GON block. Conclusion: Very Low to moderate quality evidence suggests the superiority of SPG block over conservative treatment and lignocaine puff for short-term pain relief from PDPH. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42021291707.

Trans-nasal sphenopalatine ganglion block for post-dural puncture headache management: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of trans-nasal Sphenopalatine Ganglion (SPG) block over other treatments for Post-Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) management. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted on databases for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) comparing trans-nasal SPG blockade for the management of PDPH over other treatment modalities. All outcomes were pooled using the Mantel-Haenszel method and random effect model. Analyses of all outcomes were performed as a subgroup based on the type of control interventions (conservative, intranasal lignocaine puffs, sham, and Greater Occipital Nerve [GON] block). The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: After screening 1748 relevant articles, 9 RCTs comparing SPG block with other interventions (6 conservative treatments, 1 sham, 1 GON and 1 intranasal lidocaine puff) were included in this meta-analysis. SPG block demonstrated superiority over conservative treatment in pain reduction at 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h after interventions and treatment failures with "very low" to "moderate" quality of evidence. The SPG block failed to demonstrate superiority over conservative treatment in pain reduction beyond 6 h, need for rescue treatment, and adverse events. SPG block demonstrated superiority over intranasal lignocaine puff in pain reduction at 30 min, 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h after interventions. SPG block did not show superiority or equivalence in all efficacy and safety outcomes as compared to sham and GON block. CONCLUSION: Very Low to moderate quality evidence suggests the superiority of SPG block over conservative treatment and lignocaine puff for short-term pain relief from PDPH. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42021291707.

It's not always postdural puncture headache: a case report and note to the astute anesthesiologist

Abstract Dural puncture is either diagnosed by unexpectedly profound response to medication test dose or development of a postpartum postural headache. Epidural blood patch is the gold standard for treatment of PDPH when conservative management fails. However, postpartum headaches can be resistant to multiple epidural blood patches. In such cases, preexisting intracranial processes should be considered and ruled out. We report here the unique case of a pregnant patient who developed a resistant headache in the postpartum period related to an incidental intracranial aneurysm. Subsequent treatment with endovascular embolization adequately relieved her symptoms. Early surgical consultation and a multidisciplinary team approach involving neurology and neuroimaging is required for successful management of patients such as the one described here.

Early versus late sphenopalatine ganglion block with ropivacaine in postdural puncture headache: an observational study

Abstract Background Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common complication of neuraxial techniques which delays patients' discharge. Sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPGB) is a safe bedside technique with comparable efficacy to Epidural Blood Patch, the gold-standard treatment. There is no evidence on the ideal timing for SPGB performance. We aimed to evaluate the difference between early versus late SPGB concerning efficacy, symptom recurrence and hospital length of stay. Methods We present an observational study with 41 patients diagnosed with PDPH who were submitted to SPGB with ropivacaine 0,75%. The study sample (n = 41) was divided in two groups: an early (less than 24 hours after diagnosis) and a late (more than 24 hours after diagnosis) SPGB group. Pain was evaluated 15 minutes after the block and follow up occurred daily until patients were discharged. Patients' demographic characteristics, neuraxial technique, timing of SPGB, qualitative pain relief and post-SPGB length of stay were registered and analyzed with SPSS statistics (v26) software. Results Early SPGB resulted in a significant reduction in length of stay (p = 0,009) and symptom recurrence (p = 0,036), showing equally effective pain relief, compared to late SPGB. Conclusions SPGB was equally effective in both groups. Data showed that early SPGB reduces length of hospital stay and symptom recurrence, which potentially allows early resumption of daily activities and a reduction in total health costs.

It.ÇÖs not always postdural puncture headache: a case report and note to the astute anesthesiologist.

Dural puncture is either diagnosed by unexpectedly profound response to medication test dose or development of a postpartum postural headache. Epidural blood patch is the gold standard for treatment of PDPH when conservative management fails. However, postpartum headaches can be resistant to multiple epidural blood patches. In such cases, preexisting intracranial processes should be considered and ruled out. We report here the unique case of a pregnant patient who developed a resistant headache in the postpartum period related to an incidental intracranial aneurysm. Subsequent treatment with endovascular embolization adequately relieved her symptoms. Early surgical consultation and a multidisciplinary team approach involving neurology and neuroimaging is required for successful management of patients such as the one described here.

Early versus late sphenopalatine ganglion block with ropivacaine in postdural puncture headache: an observational study.

BACKGROUND: Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common complication of neuraxial techniques which delays patients.ÇÖ discharge. Sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPGB) is a safe bedside technique with comparable efficacy to Epidural Blood Patch, the gold-standard treatment. There is no evidence on the ideal timing for SPGB performance. We aimed to evaluate the difference between early versus late SPGB concerning efficacy, symptom recurrence and hospital length of stay. METHODS: We present an observational study with 41 patients diagnosed with PDPH who were submitted to SPGB with ropivacaine 0,75%. The study sample (n=41) was divided in two groups: an early (less than 24hours after diagnosis) and a late (more than 24hours after diagnosis) SPGB group. Pain was evaluated 15minutes after the block and follow up occurred daily until patients were discharged. PATIENTS: ÇÖ demographic characteristics, neuraxial technique, timing of SPGB, qualitative pain relief and post-SPGB length of stay were registered and analyzed with SPSS statistics (v26) software. RESULTS: Early SPGB resulted in a significant reduction in length of stay (p=0,009) and symptom recurrence (p=0,036), showing equally effective pain relief, compared to late SPGB. CONCLUSIONS: SPGB was equally effective in both groups. Data showed that early SPGB reduces length of hospital stay and symptom recurrence, which potentially allows early resumption of daily activities and a reduction in total health costs.

Deambulación precoz e incidencia de cefalea pospunción dural en paciente obstétrica propuesta para cesárea electiva / Early ambulation and incidence of postdural puncture headache in an obstetric patient proposed for elective cesarean section

Introducción: La cefalea pospunción dural es la complicación más habitual tras la anestesia neuroaxial, y es especialmente frecuente en obstetricia, un hallazgo común en el período posparto. Suele ser una complicación benigna y autolimitada, pero sin tratamiento puede conducir a otras complicaciones más graves. Objetivo: Describir la incidencia de cefalea pospunción dural en las pacientes obstétricas programadas para cesárea electiva con anestesia espinal y su relación con la deambulación precoz. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo en una serie de casos (50), todas las pacientes propuestas para cesárea electiva bajo el método anestésico espinal subaracnoideo con trocar calibre 25 en el período comprendido entre mayo a diciembre del 2018. Resultados: De un total de 50 pacientes estudiadas con edades entre 18 y 35 años de edad, al 96 por ciento se le realizó punción única de la duramadre, en todas se utilizó trócar 25, atraumático y ninguna presentó cefalea pospunción dural. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la incidencia de cefalea pospunción dural puede disminuir cuando se utilizan agujas espinales atraumáticas, de pequeño calibre; lo cual facilita también la deambulación temprana de la paciente(AU)

Introduction: Postdural puncture headache is the most common complication following neuraxial anesthesia, and is especially common in obstetrics, a common finding in the postpartum period. It is usually a benign and self-limited complication, but if not treated, it can lead to further serious complications. Objective: To describe the incidence of postdural puncture headache in obstetric patients scheduled for elective cesarean section with spinal anesthesia and its relationship with early ambulation. Methods: A descriptive observational study was carried out in a case series (50) of patients proposed for elective cesarean section under the subarachnoid spinal anesthesia method with 25-gauge trocar in the period from May to December 2018. Results: Out of a total of 50 patients aged 18-35 years who participated in the study, 96 percent underwent single dura mater puncture. In all cases, a 25-gauge trocar was used and none presented postdural puncture headache. Conclusions: The incidence of postdural puncture headache may be concluded to decrease when atraumatic spinal needles of small caliber are used, which also facilitates early ambulation of the patient(AU)

Downregulation of CSF-derived miRNAs miR-142-3p and miR-17-5p may be associated with post-dural puncture headache in pregnant women upon spinal anesthesia.

BACKGROUND: Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) develops due to puncture of the dura mater. The risk factors that influence PDPH incidence are Body Mass Index (BMI), sex, spinal needle type, history of headache, and loss of Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume, yet there is no consensus on these risk factors. The pathophysiology of PDPH is poorly understood. The molecular pathways that may lead to PDPH are unknown. In this study, CSF - derived microRNAs (miRNAs) were investigated for their potential to predispose to PDPH in a population of pregnant women. METHODS: Pregnant women going under cesarean section via spinal anesthesia were included in the study with the criteria of the subjects presenting American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I. Patients were classified into two groups as with PDPH (n = 10) and without PDPH (n = 12) based on International Headache Society's PDPH definition. CSF-derived microRNAs were investigated for their differential expression levels in PDPH patients compared with the healthy controls using microfluidic gene expression platform. RESULTS: Out of seventy-six miRNAs, two miRNAs, namely miR-142-3p and miR-17-5p, were significantly downregulated in PDPH patients (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0,05). BMI and age did not influence PDPH occurrence. The mean visual analogue scale (VAS) of the PDPH patients was 6,8 out of 10. CONCLUSION: We have shown that downregulation of miR-142-3p and miR-17-5p may predispose pregnant women to PDPH upon spinal anesthesia. However, which genes are targeted by miR-142-3p and miR-17-5p-mediated effect on PDPH remains to be elucidated.

Tratamento não invasivo da cefaléia pós-punção dural: revisão de ensaios clínicos e sugestão de protocolo para o Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo ­ SP / Non-invasive treatment of post-dural puncture headache: review of clinical trials and suggestion of a protocol for the Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo - SP

Introdução: A analgesia epidural oferece uma das formas mais eficazes de alívio da dor durante o trabalho de parto, e em países de alta e média renda, seu uso aumentou nas últimas décadas. A cefaleia pós-punção dural (CPPD) é descrita como uma cefaleia ortostática causada pela baixa pressão do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR), geralmente acompanhada de dor cervical, zumbido, alterações na audição, fotofobia e/ou náusea. É uma complicação relativamente frequente após bloqueios neuroaxiais, e pode se apresentar na punção dural que ocorre intencionalmente na raquianestesia, ou não intencionalmente como complicação da anestesia peridural. Objetivo: Por meio de uma revisão de ensaios clínicos publicados nos últimos dez anos, propor um protocolo de tratamento da CPPD para ser aplicado no Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal (HSPM) de São Paulo - SP. Método: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório baseado no método de revisão da literatura com síntese de evidências. A base de dados escolhida para seleção dos artigos foi a PUBMED, utilizando a seguinte estratégia de busca: "post-dural puncture headache"[title]. Foram selecionados ensaios clínicos publicados nos últimos dez anos (2012 - 2022). Resultados: Doze trabalhos foram selecionados, resumidos e apresentados em ordem cronológica de publicação. Além disso, as diretrizes apontadas pelos artigos foram utilizadas para sugerir um protocolo hospitalar no tratamento da CPPD. Conclusão: Segundo os trabalhos consultados, um bom protocolo de tratamento para CPPD começaria pela escolha do tipo de agulha, sendo as mais indicadas a 25S e 25G atraumáticas. Como tratamento farmacológico pós-anestesia para a CPPD temos o uso de teofilina, aminofilina, ondansetrona e dexmedetomidina como opções não invasivas de controle dos sintomas da CPPD, além do bloqueio do gânglio esfenopalatino. Ainda, a associação entre neostigmina e atropina também se mostrou eficaz no tratamento da CPPD. Palavras-Chave: Cefaleia Pós-Punção Dural. Raquianestesia. Anestesiologia.

New approaches and therapeutic options for post-dural puncture headache treatment / Nuevos abordajes y alternativas terapéuticas en el tratamiento de la cefalea pospunción dural

Abstract Post-dural puncture headache is a frequent complication in neuraxial approaches. It may result in disability, healthcare dissatisfaction and potentially serious complications. The traditional initial management includes general and analgesia measures with poor evidence. The treatment approach best supported by the literature is the epidural blood patch for which rates of up 70% improvement have been reported. Regional techniques have been recently described that may be helpful because they are less invasive than the epidural blood patch, under certain clinical circumstances. This article suggests an algorithm that uses such techniques for the management of this complication.

Resumen La cefalea pospunción dural es una complicación frecuente del abordaje del neuroeje. Puede producir incapacidad, insatisfacción con la atención en salud y complicaciones potencialmente graves. Tradicionalmente su manejo inicial incluye medidas generales y de analgesia las cuales tienen baja evidencia. La medida para su tratamiento, con mejor soporte en la literatura, es la realización de parche hemático, el cual informa tazas de mejoría hasta del 70 %. Recientemente se han descrito técnicas regionales, que pueden resultar útiles por ser menos invasivas que el parche hemático, en ciertos contextos clínicos. En este artículo se propone un algoritmo que permite incorporar dichas técnicas al manejo de esta complicación.

Cefalea pospunción dural mantenida en el tiempo / Persistent posdural puncture headache

Introducción: La cefalea posterior a la punción de la duramadre es una complicación que se describió conjuntamente con la primera anestesia neuroaxial. Es un cuadro clínico complejo, que con la terapéutica adecuada mejora rápidamente, pero en ocasiones persiste a pesar de los esfuerzos realizados por el equipo médico encargado de tratarla. Objetivo: Describir la evolución clínica de un caso cefalea pospunción dural. Discusión: Se presenta un caso que después de realizarle a una anestesia subaracnoidea para una cirugía de Hallux Varus, sufre una cefalea pospunción dural que persistió por más de 18 días, a pesar de los tratamientos impuestos, tanto conservadores (terapia farmacológica, hidratación, reposo) como intervencionista (hemoparche peridural y colchón hídrico, con dextran 40), el cuadro desapareció por si solo pasado el tiempo expuesto anteriormente. Conclusiones: Se concluye que este cuadro clínico ocasionado por la punción de la duramadre es de resolución rápida con el tratamiento adecuado, pero existen casos en los que a pesar de la terapéutica indicada puede persistir por más tiempo(AU)

Introduction: Headache after dura mater puncture is a complication described together with the first neuraxial anesthesia. A complex clinical picture improves rapidly with adequate therapy, but sometimes persists despite the efforts made by the medical team in charge of treating it. Objective: To describe the clinical evolution of case of postdural puncture headache. Discussion: A case is presented of a patient who, following subarachnoid anesthesia for hallux varus surgery, suffered postdural puncture headache that persisted for more than eighteen days, despite the treatments used, both conservative (pharmacological therapy, hydration, rest) and interventionist (peridural hemopatch and water mattress, with dextran 40). The clinical picture disappeared by itself after the time previously discussed. Conclusions: It is concluded that this clinical picture caused by the dura mater puncture is of rapid resolution if treated appropriately, but there are cases in which, despite the indicated therapy, it may persist for a longer time(AU)

Epidural blood patch for the treatment of liquor hypotension after intrathecal chemotherapy in a 10-year-old: case report.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: An epidural blood patch is used to treat postdural puncture and liquor hypotension headache. We report the use of an epidural blood patch in a critical pediatric patient. CASE REPORT: A 10-year-old girl with acute leukemia developed venous cerebral thrombosis with hemorrhagic transformation one month after intrathecal chemotherapy. Given the unusual clinical and imagiological evolution even after decompressive craniectomy, we suspected cerebrospinal fluid hypotension. Spine imaging revealed signs of post-lumbar puncture fistula; we hence performed a blind blood patch. CONCLUSIONS: Recognizing cerebrospinal fluid hypotension in critical pediatric patients is important. Less-conventional life-saving measures, such as a blind blood patch, may be considered in such patients.

[Self-applied sphenopalatine ganglion block for postdural puncture headache: four case reports]. / Bloqueio do gânglio esfenopalatino autoaplicado para cefaleia pós­punção dural: relato de quatro casos.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block (SGB) is an effective, low-risk treatment option for Postdural Puncture Headache (PDPH) refractory to conservative management. CASE REPORT: This report presents four complex cases of patients with headache related to low cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Three of them were successfully treated with the application of local anesthetic topical drops through the nasal cavity. CONCLUSION: The novel approach described in this report has minimal risks of discomfort or injury to the nasal mucosa. It is quick to apply and can be administered by the patient himself.

Self-applied sphenopalatine ganglion block for postdural puncture headache: four case reports / Bloqueio do gânglio esfenopalatino autoaplicado para cefaleia pós-punção dural: relato de quatro casos

Abstract Background and objectives The Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block (SGB) is an effective, low-risk treatment option for Postdural Puncture Headache (PDPH) refractory to conservative management. Case report This report presents four complex cases of patients with headache related to low cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Three of them were successfully treated with the application of local anesthetic topical drops through the nasal cavity. Conclusion The novel approach described in this report has minimal risks of discomfort or injury to the nasal mucosa. It is quick to apply and can be administered by the patient himself.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: O Bloqueio do Gânglio Esfenopalatino (BGEP) é opção de tratamento efetivo associado a baixo risco para Cefaleia Pós-Punção Dural (CPPD) refratária às medidas conservadoras. Relato de caso: Este relato apresenta quatro pacientes com alta complexidade que apresentaram cefaleia relacionada à baixa pressão do líquido cefaloraquidiano. Três pacientes foram tratados com sucesso pela instilação de gotas de anestésico local tópico na cavidade nasal. Conclusões: A nova abordagem descrita neste relato apresenta riscos mínimos de desconforto ou lesão à mucosa nasal. A aplicação é rápida e pode ser administrada pelo próprio paciente.

Post-dural puncture headache incidence after cerebrospinal fluid aspiration. A prospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is an iatrogenic condition following lumbar puncture (LP). Incidence is variable and often associated with young females. Technical features of the procedure (i.e. needle gauge) have been investigated; however there is no investigation on the method of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether mild CSF aspiration is associated with increased PDPH in selected patients. METHODS: 336 subjects were eligible to the study. Data on 237 patients from a tertiary neurology hospital who underwent diagnostic LP from February 2010 to December 2012 were analysed. Patient demographics, lumbar puncture method, CSF biochemical characteristics, opening pressures, and a follow-up inquire on PDPH occurrence were collected. CSF was collected either by allowing free flow or by mild aspiration. RESULTS: The aspiration arm (n=163) was comprised of 55.8% females with mean age of 52(35‒69) years. Sex distribution was not different between the two arms (p=0.191). A significant larger amount of CSF was obtained in the aspiration arm (p=0.011). The incidence of PDPH in the aspiration arm was 16.5% versus 20.2% in the free flow arm, not statistically significant (p=0.489). No relevant associations emerged from the analyses in the subgroup aged <65 years. CONCLUSIONS: Aspiration of the CSF during LP was not associated with increased rates of PDPH compared to the standard method, particularly when larger amounts of CSF are required and ideal conditions are met. This is the first study looking into this matter, aiming to add safety to the procedure. Further randomized trials are required.

Post-dural puncture headache incidence after cerebrospinal fluid aspiration. A prospective observational study / Incidência de cefaleia pós-punção dural após aspiração do líquido cefalorraquidiano. Um estudo observacional prospectivo

Abstract Background: Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is an iatrogenic condition following lumbar puncture (LP). Incidence is variable and often associated with young females. Technical features of the procedure (i.e. needle gauge) have been investigated; however there is no investigation on the method of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection. Objective: To investigate whether mild CSF aspiration is associated with increased PDPH in selected patients. Methods: 336 subjects were eligible to the study. Data on 237 patients from a tertiary neurology hospital who underwent diagnostic LP from February 2010 to December 2012 were analysed. Patient demographics, lumbar puncture method, CSF biochemical characteristics, opening pressures, and a follow-up inquire on PDPH occurrence were collected. CSF was collected either by allowing free flow or by mild aspiration. Results: The aspiration arm (n=163) was comprised of 55.8% females with mean age of 52(35‒69) years. Sex distribution was not different between the two arms (p=0.191). A significant larger amount of CSF was obtained in the aspiration arm (p=0.011). The incidence of PDPH in the aspiration arm was 16.5% versus 20.2% in the free flow arm, not statistically significant (p=0.489). No relevant associations emerged from the analyses in the subgroup aged <65 years. Conclusions: Aspiration of the CSF during LP was not associated with increased rates of PDPH compared to the standard method, particularly when larger amounts of CSF are required and ideal conditions are met. This is the first study looking into this matter, aiming to add safety to the procedure. Further randomized trials are required.

Resumo Introdução: Cefaleia pós-punção dural (CPPD) é uma condição iatrogênica após punção lombar (LP). Incidência é variável; frequentemente associada a mulheres jovens. Características técnicas do procedimento (ex: calibre da agulha) foram investigadas; no entanto, não há investigação sobre o método de coleta do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR). Objetivo: Avaliar se aspiração leve do LCR está associada ao aumento da CPPD em pacientes selecionados. Métodos: 336 indivíduos foram elegíveis para o estudo. Dados de 237 pacientes em um hospital neurológico terciário que foram submetidos à PL diagnóstica de fevereiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2012 foram analisados. Coletamos dados demográficos dos pacientes, método da PL, características bioquímicas do LCR, pressões de abertura e ocorrência da CPPD. Todos as PLs ocorreram em decúbito lateral. O LCR foi coletado permitindo livre fluxo ou aspiração leve. Resultados: O grupo aspiração (n=163) apresentava 55,8% de mulheres, idade média de 52(35‒69) anos. A distribuição por sexo não foi diferente entre os dois grupos (p=0,191). Uma quantidade maior de LCR foi obtida no grupo aspiração (p=0,011). A incidência de CPPD no grupo de aspiração foi de 16,5% versus 20,2% no fluxo livre, não estatisticamente significante (p=0,489). Nenhuma associação emergiu das análises no subgrupo com idades <65 anos. Conclusões: A aspiração do LCR durante PL não está associada ao aumento da CPPD em comparação com a método padrão, particularmente quando quantidades maiores de LCR são necessárias e condições ideais são satisfeitas. Este é o primeiro estudo a investigar o topico, visando aumentar a segurança do procedimento. Necessita-se futuros estudos randomizados.

Cefalea postpunción dural con aguja espinal de bisel cortante aguja espinal de punta cónica: revisión sistemática / Postdural puncture headache with cutting spinal needle pencil point spinal needle: systematic review

INTRODUCTION: Postdural puncture headache is one of the most frequent complications that occurs after the puncture of the dura mater, resulting in the spinal fluid leakage, through the same and subsequent traction of brain structures. OBJECTIVE: To compare cutting spinal needle and pencil point spinal needle in the incidence of postural dural puncture headache. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search of scientific articles published since 2006 was carried out in the Pubmed, Science Direct, Clinical Key and EBSCO databases, which evaluates the incidence of postdural puncture headache in spinal needles with conical tip and cutting bevel, additionally, experts will be consulted in the area that should suggest literature related to this topic, which would not have been included in the search methods previously described. RESULTS: In total, 14 studies were selected in the population that suffered puncture of the dura mater after accidental, therapeutic or diagnostic lumbar puncture (LP) and the presentation of postdural puncture headache was measured according to the ICHD-3 beta criteria. It was found that there is a decrease in the incidence of postdural puncture headache with conical tip spinal needles, compared to spinal needles of cutting bevel. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence indicates that postdural puncture headache occurs less frequently, with low intensity and short duration in patients operated with a conical spinal needle, compared to the cutting bevel. In addition, according to the recently described pathophysiology, it is contradictory that conical spinal needles are called "atraumatic", so this review proposes a change in nomenclature that is most useful for the clinical anesthesiologist.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La cefalea postpunción dural es una de las complicaciones más frecuentes que se presenta posterior a la punción de la duramadre, lo cual produce salida de líquido cefalorraquídeo, a través de la misma y posterior tracción de las estructuras cerebrales. OBJETIVO: Comparar la aguja espinal de bisel cortante y la aguja espinal de punta cónica en la incidencia de presentación de cefalea postpunción dural. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos científicos publicados desde el año 2006, en las bases de datos Pubmed, Science Direct, Clinical Key y EBSCO, que evaluaran la incidencia de cefalea postpunción dural en agujas espinales de punta cónica y bisel cortante, adicionalmente se consultó con expertos en el área que pudieran sugerir literatura relacionada con este tema, la cual no hubiese sido incluida en los métodos de búsqueda previamente descritos. RESULTADOS: En total se seleccionaron 14 estudios realizados en población que sufrieron punción de la duramadre luego de punción lumbar (PL) accidental, terapéutica o diagnóstica y se midió la presentación de cefalea postpunción dural según los criterios ICHD-3 beta. Se encontró que hay una disminución de la incidencia de cefalea postpunción dural con las agujas espinales de punta cónica, en comparación con las agujas espinales de bisel cortante. CONCLUSIONES: La evidencia actual indica que la cefalea postpunción dural se presenta con menor frecuencia, baja intensidad y corta duración en pacientes intervenidos con aguja espinal de punta cónica, en comparación con la aguja espinal de bisel cortante. Adicionalmente, según la fisiopatologia recientemente descrita, es contradictorio que las agujas espinales de punta cónica sean llamada "atraumáticas", por lo que esta revisión propone un cambio en la nomenclatura que resulta de mayor utilidad para el anestesiólogo clínico.