Surgical treatment of sacral pressure wounds in patients with COVID-19: A case series.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID 19 pandemic has resulted in an increased number of patients requiring intubation and intensive care. This has led to an increased incidence of sacral pressure ulcers requiring surgical management. We report our experience of COVID 19 related sacral pressure ulcers requiring surgical reconstruction. METHODS: A case series study was performed with 12 patients who presented grade IV sacral pressure ulcers after hospitalization for COVID-19 in a single institution. The mean age was 49.8 years and the most frequent comorbidities were arterial hypertension, diabetes and obesity, each present in 6 patients. All of them were submitted to surgical reconstruction with fasciocutaneous flaps after improvement of their clinical status. Follow up time was of at least 30 days after reconstruction. Preoperative laboratory tests and surgical outcomes were compared to data available in the literature. RESULTS: No major dehiscence was observed and minor dehiscence happened in 2 cases (16.7%). Out of the 12 patients, 8 (66.7%) had hemoglobin levels less than 10.0 and 5 (41.7%) had albumin levels less than 3.0, though this did not lead to a higher rate of complications. CONCLUSION: This study showed that ambulating patients with grade IV pressure ulcer after COVID- 19 infection may undergo debridement, negative-pressure wound therapy and closure with local flaps with adequate results and minimal complication rate.

Surgical therapy for complex pelvic pressure injuries: a review of outcomes for five consecutive years and a proposal for a navigator in the care pathway.

INTRODUCTION: An advanced pelvic PI is a challenging problem that requires care from multiple disciplines. OBJECTIVE: This study is a critical evaluation of wound recurrences after surgical repair, and an analysis of factors that may contribute to surgical failures. This study also provides a literature review of pelvic PIs and proposes how a navigator embedded in the wound care department could play a role in decreasing surgical failures. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 33 consecutive surgeries for closure of complex pelvic PIs in 22 patients was conducted. RESULTS: Recurrences developed in 17 of 33 surgeries (52%). Recurrences were seen most frequently in those undergoing simultaneous repair of 2 sites and those who had undergone prior surgeries. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term healing after repair of complex pelvic PIs remains a challenge, especially in certain high-risk populations. A significant portion of recurrences develop after a period of healing, so identifying and addressing factors that lead to wound breakdown following hospital discharge is a critical area of care improvement. A navigator care coordinator within the wound care department may play an important role in preventing wound recurrences.

Tratamiento quirúrgico de las úlceras por presión sacras con colgajo miocutáneo de gluteus maximus por deslizamiento en V-Y: Técnica quirúrgica / Surgical treatment of sacral pressure ulcers with gluteus maximus myocutaneous flap due to V-Y sliding: surgical technique

Resumen Introducción: La úlcera por presión más frecuente es la sacra. Si compromete el hueso puede provocar osteomielitis por lo que requiere aseo quirúrgico y colgajo miocutáneo de gluteus maximus por deslizamiento en V-Y. Materiales y Método: En el servicio de cirugía plástica del hospital del Salvador entre 2011 y 2020 se han operado 82 pacientes con ulceras sacras grado 4 que requirieron cobertura con colgajo miocutáneo de gluteus maximus en V-Y. De ellas se analizaron los últimos 37 pacientes. Resultados De los 37 pacientes, 12 fueron mujeres, 25 hombres, 17 parapléjicos, 12 tetrapléjicos y 8 deambulaban. 6 pacientes presentaron COVID-19. 24 fueron bilaterales y 13 unilaterales. Los colgajos cicatrizaron bien en 30 pacientes. Las complicaciones fueron de 16% consistente en 2 hematomas, 2 dehiscencias, 2 celulitis y 1 seroma, todas resueltas sin problemas. Seguimiento de entre 3 y 6 meses. Discusión El tratamiento quirúrgico con colgajo miocutáneo de gluteus maximus en V-Y, aparte de aportar volumen para ocluir la úlcera, aporta irrigación excelente con oxígeno, nutrientes y antibióticos que aseguran una óptima cicatrización. Dependiendo del diámetro de la úlcera el colgajo puede ser uni o bilateral. Dado lo complejo del tratamiento, en general, el porcentaje de complicaciones de 16% se considera bajo. Conclusión: El tratamiento quirúrgico de las úlceras por presión sacras con colgajos miocutáneos deslizantes de gluteus maximus ha sido exitoso con buenos resultados quirúrgicos con buen flujo sanguíneo y buena evolución.

Introduction: Pressure sores are the result of the compression of soft tissues in the prominent bones areas, mainly in patients without movement. If the depth of the ulcer compromises the sacral bone, the treatment will be the gluteus maximus myocutaneous flap in V-Y. Materials and Method: In the plastic surgery service of the hospital del Salvador 82 patients with sacral pressure sores grade 4 were operated on between 2011 and 2020 with gluteus maximus myocutaneous V-Y flap. The last 37 patients were analyzed. Results: With this treatment the flaps were doing well in all cases with good blood supply. Complications: dehiscence: 2 patients, cellulitis: 2 patients, hematoma: 2 patients and seroma: 1 patient. The overall complication was 16%. Follow up between three and six months. Discussion: The most important part in pressure sores is their prevention. When the ulcer is in prominent parts of the body, the sore, could be in different grades of depth. The classification of them is in grades 1: erythema, 2: subcutaneous tissue. These two grades are solved with conservative treatment. When the ulcers are in grade 3 or 4, and with little ulcer in the skin but with damage of the deep plane, the treatment will be with surgery. In our casuistic the most frequent pressure sore is in the sacrum treated with gluteus maximus sliding myocutaneous flap in V-Y. With this treatment the flaps were doing well in all cases with good blood supply. The complications of 16% were considered low. Conclusion: The sliding gluteus Maximus myocutaneous flap in V-Y for treatment for sacral pressures sores have been successful for our patients.

The role of the perioperative prone position in the low recurrence of pressure injuries in the pelvic region.

OBJECTIVE: A pressure injury (PI) is a localised area of damage to the skin and/or underlying soft tissue as a result of a sustained mechanical loading. There are three key aetiological mechanisms to PI formation-direct cell deformation, inflammatory oedema and ischaemic damage-which are typically activated sequentially to drive a spiral of injury. This article discusses the role of the perioperative prone position as a rational approach to reducing the recurrence of pelvic PI after reconstructive surgery. METHOD: Patients with deep PI in the pelvic region, who were operated on from 2011 to 2019, were retrospectively evaluated. The protocol of care included training in the prone position, followed by maintenance of the prone position for 4-6 weeks postoperatively. The reconstruction was performed with fasciocutaneous and myocutaneous local or regional flaps. RESULTS: The study evaluated a total of 26 patients. The rate of recurrence of PIs was 15.4% (4/26) in the mean follow-up of 54 months. Regarding postoperative complications, four cases of partial dehiscence of the suture occurred. CONCLUSION: This perioperative protocol of maintaining a prone position seems to be safe for the patient, and it can be used to prevent or reduce the recurrence of deep PIs on the pelvic region after reconstructive surgery.

Resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de úlceras por presión mediante colgajos locales / Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Pressure Ulcers Using Local Flaps

RESUMEN Introducción: Las úlceras por presión son soluciones de continuidad que aparecen en la piel que cubre las prominencias óseas, cuando estas soportan una presión externa continuada que interfiere con la circulación sanguínea correcta y la nutrición de los tejidos. Objetiv o: Evaluar los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de las úlceras por presión mediante los diferentes tipos de colgajos locales. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, ambispectivo y de corte longitudinal. El universo estuvo conformado por todos los pacientes que presentaron diagnóstico de úlcera por presión con criterio quirúrgico. La muestra fueron 72 pacientes constituyendo un total de 84 úlceras por presión, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: El sexo masculino predominó en el estudio; con rango de edad entre 19 y 29 años. Las úlceras sacras fueron las más frecuentes y de mayor tamaño y el colgajo más utilizado para el cierre fue el de rotación y avance. Se obtuvo un resultado satisfactorio en el 82,5 por ciento de los casos. Conclusiones: Se logró una adecuada cobertura tisular y almohadillado de la zona, además de ausencia de complicaciones que interfirieran con el resultado final(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pressure ulcers are continuity solutions that appear on the skin that covers bony prominences, when these bear continuous external pressure that interferes with correct blood circulation and nutrition of tissues. Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of surgical treatment of pressure ulcers using different types of local flaps. Methods: A descriptive, ambispective and longitudinal study was carried out. The population consisted of all the patients who presented diagnosis of pressure ulcer with surgical criteria. The sample consisted of 72 patients, with a total of 84 pressure ulcers, who met the inclusion criteria. Results: The male sex predominated in the study, together with the age range 19-29 years. Sacral ulcers were the most frequent and largest, and the most used flap for closure was the rotation and advancement flap. Satisfactory outcomes were obtained in 82.5 percent of the cases. Conclusions: Adequate tissue coverage and padding of the area was achieved, as well as the absence of complications that interfered with the final outcomes(AU)

Variante de colgajo de rotación tipo Hamstring para reconstrucción de úlcera isquiática / Hamstring rotation fl ap variant for ischial ulcer reconstruction

Antecedentes. El colgajo Hamstring es una opción válida para la reconstrucción de úlceras isquiáticas. Las úlceras por presión representan un verdadero desafío para el cirujano plástico. Requieren un tratamiento especializado y multidisciplinario por su alta probabilidad de recidiva y las complicaciones en su manejo. Por lo general, ocurren por presión sostenida sobre la tuberosidad isquiática. Caso clínico. Se presenta el caso de un paciente parapléjico desde el nacimiento secundario a mielomeningocele con diagnóstico actual de úlcera isquiática. Se le realizaron durante 3 años múltiples intentos de cierre quirúrgico alternando medidas conservadoras, sin éxito. A la exploración física presenta una úlcera isquiática izquierda de 6x6 cm a la que se le realizó aseo y desbridación quirúrgica más cierre por medio de un colgajo Hamstring modificado. A los 7 días presentó dehiscencia de herida la cual se manejó de manera conservadora y cierre primario diferido a las 4 semanas. A 8 meses de posoperatorio el paciente se encuentra con buena evolución y con resultado estético y funcional aceptable, por otra parte, se encuentra sin recidiva, lo que ha permitido su reinserción laboral y un buen equilibrio físico-psico-emocional. Conclusión. El objetivo de este colgajo es brindar cobertura al área isquiática sin afectar estructuras adyacentes, lo cual requiere de un amplio conocimiento de la anatomía de la región femoral, así como de los colgados tanto locales como regionales que podemos utilizar para la reconstrucción. Actualmente este colgajo es una opción terapéutica efectiva para el tratamiento de úlceras isquiáticas refractarias en centros que cuentan con cirujanos plásticos no especializados en microcirugía.

Background. The Hamstring fl ap is an adequate option for ischial ulcers reconstruction. Pressure ulcers represent a real challenge for the plastic surgeon. They require specialized and multidisciplinary treatment due to their high recurrence probability and complications in their management. Regularly, pressure ulcers occur when sustained pressure is applied on the ischial tuberosity. Case report. We report a case of a 23-year-old paraplegic male with myelomeningocele complaining for an ischial ulcer. Multiple attempts to surgical closure were made during three years along with conservative management, without success. Physical examination revealed a 6x6 cm left ischial ulcer, which was managed with surgical debridement and closure with a modifi ed Hamstring fl ap. After 7 days, the patient presented wound dehiscence, which was managed conservatively and primary delayed closure after 4 weeks. 8 months postoperatively the patient has a good evolution and an acceptable functional and aesthetic result, without recurrence, which has allowed his reintegration into work and a good physical-psycho-emotional balance. Conclusion. The objective of this fl ap is to provide coverage to the ischial area without aff ecting adjacent structures, which requires a broad knowledge of the anatomy of the femoral region, as well as the local and regional fl aps that can be used for reconstruction. Nowadays this fl ap is an eff ective therapeutic option for the treatment of refractary ischial ulcers in plastis suergery centers without microsurgery.

Características sociodemográficas de los pacientes con úlceras por presión infectadas y su perfil microbiológico. Serie de casos / Sociodemographic characteristics of patients with pressure ulcers and their microbiological profile. A case series

Introducción Las ulceras por presión (UPP) son una condición frecuente en los pacientes con movilidad restringida, su sobreinfección implica un esfuerzo adicional en el tratamiento, ya que se asocia a complicaciones como osteomielitis crónica y sepsis. El objetivo del estudio es describir las características clínicas y sociodemográficas de los pacientes con UPP enfatizando en el perfil microbiológico de aquellos con sobreinfección. Materiales y métodos Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo que incluyó a 76 pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de UPP sobreinfectadas sometidos a cirugía entre 2013 y 2015. Se obtuvo información demográfica, clínica y microbiológica. Se describieron los resultados según la naturaleza de la variable. Resultados De los 76 pacientes, 56 (73.7%) fueron hombres. La mediana de edad fue de 45 años. La mediana de hospitalización fue de 22.5 días, el principal motivo de inmovilidad fue la lesión medular (69,7%). Los patógenos más comunes fueron Enterococcus faecalis (46%), Escherichia coli (43.4%), Streptococcus spp (35.5%) y Proteus spp (30.2%). En el 77,6% de los pacientes se aislaron dos o más microorganismos en los cultivos. Discusión La lesión medular en la condición más asociada a ulceras por presión en nuestro medio, principalmente en hombres jóvenes. La sobreinfección generalmente es polimicrobiana, lo que nos muestra la gran importancia de los cultivos para poder realizar un tratamiento específico y efectivo. Al conocer las características clínicas y demográficas se pueden direccionar estrategias de prevención y rehabilitación que impacten de manera positiva en la calidad de vida de los pacientes y la sostenibilidad del sistema de salud. Nivel de evidencia IV

Background Pressure ulcers (PU) are a frequent condition in patients with restricted mobility. Their infection requires an additional effort in the treatment, since it is associated with complications, such as chronic osteomyelitis and sepsis. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of patients with PU, emphasising the microbiological profile of those with infection. Materials and methods A retrospective descriptive study was carried out on 76 adult patients diagnosed with infected PU who underwent surgery between 2013 and 2015. Demographic, clinical, and microbiological information was obtained. The results were described according to the nature of the variable. Results Of the 76 patients, 56 (73.7%) were men. The median age was 45 years. The median number of days hospitalised was 22.5 days, and the main cause of immobility was spinal cord injury (69.7%). The most common pathogens were Enterococcus faecalis (46%), Escherichia coli (43.4%), Streptococcus spp (35.5%), and Proteus spp (30.2%). Two or more microorganisms were isolated in the cultures in 77.6% of the patients, Discussion Spinal cord injury is the condition most associated with pressure ulcers in this study, mainly in young men. Infection is usually polymicrobial, which shows the great importance of the cultures, in order to be able to carry out a specific and effective treatment. By knowing the clinical and demographic characteristics, prevention and rehabilitation strategies can be directed at having a positive impact on the quality of life of PU patients, and the sustainability of the health care system. Evidence Level IV

Lesão por pressão / Pressure ulcers

As informações no leito, sobre a necessidade de manobras do paciente, em intervalos de 2 h, para evitar o aparecimento de lesões por pressão podem reduzir o tempo de permanência, diminuir o risco de lesões de pele e os custos de manutenção do paciente.

Bedside information on the need for repositioning the patient at 2 h intervals to avoid the appearance of pressure ulcers can reduce hospitalization time, risk of skin lesions, and maintenance costs.

Tratamiento quirúrgico de úlceras por presión en pacientes oncológicos terminales / Surgical treatment of pressure ulcers in terminal oncological patients

Este artículo hace consideraciones sobre el tratamiento quirúrgico de las úlceras por presión en pacientes oncológicos. Se recomienda que, en el paciente con patología neoplásica avanzada, la indicación y el tipo de tratamiento quirúrgico dependa mayormente de su estado general que del estadio de la úlcera.

This article refers to the surgical treatment of pressure ulcers in cancer patients. It is recommend that in patients with advance neoplastic disease, surgical treatment depend mostly on their general condition than the stage of the ulcer.

Colgajo glúteo mayor en reconstrucción de úlcera isquiática bilateral / Gluteal maximus flap for reconstruction of bilateral ischial ulcer

Propósito y objetivo. Demostrar una de las opciones más empleadas para la cobertura de úlceras isquiáticas en paciente parapléjico. El colgajo glúteo mayor sería de primera elección en el caso presentado de una paciente con diagnóstico de escaras isquiáticas bilateral Grado IV. Introducción. El colgajo glúteo mayor, colgajo musculocutáneo, es un procedimiento muy utilizado y de primera línea para el tratamiento de úlceras isquiáticas. Debemos tener en cuenta que para el éxito y buena evolución de la cirugía es necesario la conformación de un equipo multidisciplinario, para su seguimiento y control. Las opciones de cobertura dependen de la topografía de la lesión. Algunas de las opciones de cobertura son: colgajo glúteo inferior de rotación, colgajo glúteo inferior de avance en V-Y, colgajo de isquiotibiales en V-Y, colgajo de cara posterior de muslo y colgajo extendido de fascia lata, entre otros. Material y método. Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente femenina con diagnóstico patológico de cavernoma intramedular D9, que padece paraplejía de un año de evolución, presentando escara isquiática bilateral grado IV acompañadas de osteomielitis. Se trató quirúrgicamente con colgajo glúteo mayor bilateral Resultados. En esta paciente se alcanzó una adecuada cobertura del defecto, que permitió su pronta rehabilitación, y un minucioso control posoperatorio que no mostró complicaciones ni recidiva, hasta la fecha. Discusión. Las úlceras isquiáticas profundas ubicadas cerca del tracto genitourinario presentan mayor dificultad para su reconstrucción. El colgajo musculocutáneo de glúteo mayor a pedículo inferior permite el cierre de cualquier úlcera isquiática y el cierre primario del sitio donador asegurando un cierre sin tensión; otras opciones quirúrgicas, como los colgajos basados en la pelvis o el tronco, son menos susceptibles a la tensión que aquellos ubicados en la porción móvil de la extremidad inferior, por lo que los colgajos de glúteo mayor, inferior y de cara posterior al muslo tienen mayor porcentaje de éxito que los colgajos de tensor de fascia lata e isquiotibiales. Conclusión. El colgajo glúteo mayor es un tratamiento de primera elección para la cobertura de úlceras isquiáticas de alta morbilidad en pacientes parapléjicos, tratado por un equipo multidisciplinario, cuya técnica quirúrgica presentó buena cobertura con un control estricto del posoperatorio con excelente evolución y sin ninguna complicación esperada

Tratamiento de la osteomielitis asociada a úlceras alrededor de la pelvis / Treatment of pressure ulcer-related pelvic osteomyelitis

Introducción: El tratamiento de la osteomielitis crónica asociada a úlceras alrededor de la pelvis es complejo y multidisciplinario. Un tratamiento antibiótico, dirigido a más de un microorganismo, sumado a la cirugía permitiría disminuir la recurrencia de la infección. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los resultados en pacientes con osteomielitis crónica asociada a úlceras por presión, con gran defecto de cobertura alrededor de la pelvis, tratados con desbridamiento del lecho y un colgajo para el defecto de cobertura. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, basado en los datos de las historias clínicas de pacientes que requirieron cobertura quirúrgica de úlceras por presión, entre octubre de 2010 y febrero de 2017. Los pacientes fueron tratados con un procedimiento en dos tiempos quirúrgicos: desbridamiento y luego colgajo de cobertura del defecto remanente. Resultados: Se trataron 27 úlceras (9 sacras, 13 isquiáticas y 5 trocantéricas) en 15 pacientes (edad promedio 44. 9 años [rango 22-81]). Tres úlceras desarrollaron un solo germen, en el resto, los cultivos fueron polimicrobianos. Se administraron antibióticos intravenosos durante un mínimo de 4-6 semanas. Los valores iniciales de eritrosedimentación y proteína C reactiva ultrasensible fueron 72 mm/h y 55 mg/l, respectivamente, y disminuyeron a 49 mm/h y 20 mg/l, respectivamente, a los 3 meses. Conclusiones: Nuestro protocolo acorta los tiempos de tratamiento, ya que no se espera a terminar la antibioticoterapia para realizar el colgajo. Consideramos que la cobertura inmediata del defecto de partes blandas permite controlar el acceso de nuevos microorganismos a la región afectada. Así hemos obtenido buenos resultados con una baja tasa de recidiva comparada con la de otras series. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: Treatment of chronic osteomyelitis secondary to pressure ulcers around the pelvis is complex and multidisciplinary. Antibiotic treatment, usually aimed at more than one microorganism, in addition to surgery would reduce the recurrence of infection. The goal of this study was to analyze results in patients with pressure ulcer-related osteomyelitis around the pelvis, being treated with debridement and a flap to cover the soft tissue defect. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective study was carried out with data obtained from medical records of patients requiring surgical coverage of pressure sores, between October 2010 and February 2017. Patients were treated in two surgical times: debridement and then a flap to fill the remaining soft tissue defect. Results: Twenty-seven pressure ulcers were treated (sacral 9, ischial 13, trochanteric 5) in 15 patients (average age 44. 9 years [range 22-81]). Only a single microorganism was detected in three ulcers, the remaining ulcers developed more than one microorganism. Intravenous antibiotics for at least 4-6 weeks were administered. Initially erythrocyte sedimentation rate and ultrasensitive protein C reactive values were 72 mm/h and 55 mg/L, respectively, after three months of flap surgery, and they decreased to 49 mm/h and 20 mg/L, respectively. Conclusions: Our protocol reduces length of treatment, since we do not wait until the cessation of antibiotics to perform the flap. We consider that soft tissues defect coverage as soon as possible reduces colonization of new microorganisms in the involved region. We obtained good results with a low recurrence rate compared to other series. Level of Evidence: IV

Tratamento simultâneo de úlceras de pressão sacral e isquiática com retalho único: apresentação de um caso / Simultaneous treatment of sacral and ischial pressure ulcers with a single flap: case presentation

Úlceras de pressão são alterações da integridade da pele e tecidos subjacentes, causadas por pressão, mais usualmente sobre proeminências ósseas, especialmente em áreas desprovidas de sensibilidade, levando à necrose e ulceração. Dados da literatura internacional estimam que 3 a 14% dos pacientes hospitalizados desenvolvem úlceras de pressão. Descrevemos a correção simultânea de úlceras sacral e isquiática extensas em paciente paraplégico jovem utilizando retalho fasciomiocutâneo de glúteo máximo e de face posterior da coxa.

Pressure ulcers are alterations of the integrity of the skin and underlying tissues, caused by pressure, more commonly on bony prominences, especially in areas devoid of sensitivity, which lead to necrosis and ulceration. Data from the international literature estimate that 3­14% of hospitalized patients develop pressure ulcers. We herein describe the simultaneous correction of extensive sacral and ischial ulcers in a young paraplegic patient, using a gluteus maximus fasciomyocutaneous flap from the posterior aspect of the thigh.

Application of Viable Cryopreserved Human Placental Membrane Grafts in the Treatment of Wounds of Diverse Etiologies: A Case Series.

There is evidence in the literature that viable cryopreserved human placental membrane (vCHPM) grafts are effective in treating diabetic foot ulcers and venous leg ulcers. OBJECTIVE: This case series presents 3 cases of chronic ulcerations - 1 arterial ulcer (AU), 1 pressure ulcer (PU), and 1 recurrence of a pyoderma gangrenosum ulcer (PGU) - that had failed previous courses of standard wound care and were subsequently treated with vCHPM to determine if the treatment is an effective modality for treating wounds of these etiologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective review describes 3 cases in which patients with chronic wounds that had failed standard of care treatments for more than 4 weeks were subsequently treated with weekly applications of vCHPM. Each wound area was recorded and photographed on a weekly basis and wound area reduction also was charted weekly. RESULTS: The PU and AU both reached full closure in 4 and 5 weeks, respectively, without complication. The patient with the PGU achieved 64% closure after 9 applications of vCHPM. CONCLUSIONS: Viable CHPM is an effective treatment modality for wounds of diverse etiologies and shows better results than have been previously published with standard of care. In patients with PGUs, medical optimization and close management of comorbidities is essential in achieving optimal results.

Fechamento de hemicorporectomia com utilização do retalho subtotal unilateral da coxa: relato de caso / Closure of hemicorporectomy using a subtotal unilateral tight flap: a case report

A hemicorporectomia ou amputação translombar foi primeiramente descrita em 1950 por Kredel como método curativo para neoplasia localmente avançada de pelve. Trata-se de um procedimento cirúrgico extenso, que quando bem indicado é capaz de prover a cura oncológica, além de possibilitar a melhora clínica e de qualidade de vida. Os autores apresentam o relato de caso de um paciente de 34 anos, com carcinoma espinocelular em úlcera de pressão crônica, acometendo períneo, glúteo e coxa posterior à direita. O paciente foi submetido à hemicorporectomia com reconstrução utilizando retalho subtotal da coxa esquerda. Observou-se boa evolução no pós-operatório e a utilização do retalho subtotal da coxa para fechamento da hemicorporectomia se mostrou como método seguro, eficiente e de técnica reprodutível.

Hemicorporectomy or translumbar amputation was first described in 1950 by Kredel to treat locally advanced pelvic neoplasia. This extensive surgical procedure can achieve oncological cure and improve clinical status and quality of life. The authors present a case report of a 34-yearold patient with squamous cell carcinoma in a chronic pressure ulcer affecting the right perineum, gluteus, and posterior thigh. The patient underwent hemicorporectomy with reconstructive surgery using a partial-thickness flap of the left thigh. The postoperative course was good, and the use of a partial-thickness flap of the thigh to close the hemicorporectomy proved to be safe, efficient, and reproducible.

Brief hospitalization protocol for pressure ulcer surgical treatment: outpatient care and one-stage reconstruction.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate a brief hospitalization protocol for the treatment of pressure ulcers, proposed by the Complex Wound Group of Clinical Hospital of University of Sao Paulo Medical School, particularly in regard to selection of patients, hospitalization time, cutaneous covering, complications and sore recurrence. METHODS: retrospective cohort of 20 consecutive patients with 25 pressure lesions Grade IV. All patients were ambulatorily prepared and were hospitalized for surgical one time procedure for pressure lesion closing. RESULTS: in total, 27 flaps were performed to close 25 wounds. Three patients showed minor dehiscence (11.1%). There was no recurrence during the post-surgical follow-up period. No patient suffered a new surgery and no flap showed partial or total necrosis. Median time of hospitalization was 3.6 days (2-6 days) and median follow-up was 91 months (2-28 months). All patients maintained their lesions closed, and there was no recurrence during follow-up. CONCLUSION: the brief hospitalization protocol was considered adequate for the resolution of pressure wounds, showing an average time of hospitalization of 3.6 days and rate of minor surgical wound dehiscence of 11.1%.

Brief hospitalization protocol for pressure ulcer surgical treatment: outpatient care and one-stage reconstruction / Protocolo de internação breve para tratamento cirúrgico de lesões por pressão: preparo ambulatorial e cobertura em tempo único

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate a brief hospitalization protocol for the treatment of pressure ulcers, proposed by the Complex Wound Group of Clinical Hospital of University of Sao Paulo Medical School, particularly in regard to selection of patients, hospitalization time, cutaneous covering, complications and sore recurrence. Methods: retrospective cohort of 20 consecutive patients with 25 pressure lesions Grade IV. All patients were ambulatorily prepared and were hospitalized for surgical one time procedure for pressure lesion closing. Results: in total, 27 flaps were performed to close 25 wounds. Three patients showed minor dehiscence (11.1%). There was no recurrence during the post-surgical follow-up period. No patient suffered a new surgery and no flap showed partial or total necrosis. Median time of hospitalization was 3.6 days (2-6 days) and median follow-up was 91 months (2-28 months). All patients maintained their lesions closed, and there was no recurrence during follow-up. Conclusion: the brief hospitalization protocol was considered adequate for the resolution of pressure wounds, showing an average time of hospitalization of 3.6 days and rate of minor surgical wound dehiscence of 11.1%.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o protocolo de internação breve para tratamento de lesões por pressão, em vigência no Grupo de Feridas Complexas do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, com ênfase na seleção do paciente, no tempo de internação, na cobertura cutânea realizada, nas complicações e nas recidivas das lesões. Métodos: coorte retrospectiva de 20 pacientes consecutivos com 25 lesões por pressão Grau IV. Todos os pacientes foram preparados em ambulatório e foram internados para fechamento cirúrgico da lesão por pressão em cirurgia única. Resultados: no total foram confeccionados 27 retalhos para cobertura de 25 feridas abordadas. Foram verificados três casos (11,1%) de deiscências menores. Não foi observada recidiva no período de seguimento pós-operatório. Nenhum paciente foi reoperado e nenhum retalho sofreu necrose parcial ou total. O tempo de internação médio foi de 3,6 dias (dois a seis dias) e o seguimento foi de 9,1 meses, em média, oscilando entre dois e 18 meses. Todos os pacientes permaneceram com a lesão fechada e nenhum deles apresentou recidiva da lesão durante o seguimento. Conclusão: o protocolo de internação breve para resolução de lesões por pressão foi considerado adequado, com curto tempo de internação e baixos índices de deiscência de ferida cirúrgica.

Tratamento cirúrgico de úlcera por pressão na unidade de Pediatria de hospital de reabilitação / Pressure ulcer treatment in the Pediatric Unit of a Rehabilitation Hospital

Introdução: A úlcera por pressão (UPP) é uma das complicações mais comuns em portadores de lesão medular, dos mais graves e frequentes problemas destes pacientes. A incidência e evolução depende dos grupos estudados, tendo as crianças e adolescentes características específicas durante o crescimento. A maior parte das descrições na literatura referem-se a adultos que desenvolveram UPP durante internação. O objetivo é descrever os resultados de pacientes operados para fechamento de úlcera por pressão na unidade de Pediatria do Hospital Sarah Brasília. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo de pacientes operados de 2005 a 2010 devido à lesão por pressão e análise estatística. Resultados: 116 pacientes foram admitidos para tratamento cirúrgico de UPP no Hospital Sarah, sendo 20 (17,2%) internados na Pediatria; 15 (75%) homens e 5 (25%) mulheres, todos provenientes de ambiente comunitário; 60% localizadas na região isquiática; com seguimento de 15 anos; 70% eram portadores de malformação do tubo neural. Os procedimentos cirúrgicos foram indicados para úlcera por pressão grau III e IV. Utilizou-se retalho do músculo glúteo (3), em ilha (8) ou península (3), fechamento primário e coccigectomia; retalho do músculo tensor da fáscia lata. Três casos apresentaram complicações, 65% evoluíram com recidiva e 15% com surgimento de novas lesões na região pélvica. Conclusão: A principal causa de lesão por pressão em Pediatria foi devido à malformação do tubo neural (70%), adquiridas na comunidade, localizadas na região isquiática. Embora estivessem em atendimento no programa de reabilitação, ainda foi observado alto índice de recidivas (65%).

Introduction: Pressure ulcers (PUs), or pressure sores, are among the most common serious complications in patients with spinal cord injury. The incidence and evolution in children and adolescents have specific characteristics. Most prior reports evaluated adults who developed PUs in the hospital. The objective is to describe the outcomes of surgical PU closure in children and adolescents in the Hospital Sarah Brasília pediatric unit. Methods: This was a retrospective statistical analysis of patients who underwent surgery for PUs. Statistical analysis of the incidence of PUs was performed using Epi Info version 3.2.2. Results: Of 116 patients who underwent surgery for PUs at the Hospital Sarah between 2005 and 2010, 20 (17.2%) were admitted to the Pediatric Unit. All 15 (75%) male and 5 (25%) female patients were admitted from a community setting. PUs were located in the ischial region in 60% of patients. The followup period was 15 years. Neural tube malformations were present in 70% of patients. We performed surgery for grade III and IV PUs, using gluteal flaps, primary closure and coccygectomy, and tensor fascia lata flaps. Three cases had complications, 65% developed recurrences, and 15% developed new ulcers in the pelvic region. Conclusion: The main cause of PUs in pediatric cases admitted to the rehabilitation hospital was a neural tube malformation (70%) in the ischial region. Despite admission to the rehabilitation program, a high recurrence rate (65%) was observed.

[Laser therapy in pressure ulcers: evaluation by the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing and Nursing Outcomes Classification]. / Laserterapia em úlcera por pressão: avaliação pelas Pressure Ulcer Scale For Healing e Nursing Outcomes Classification.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the pressure ulcer healing process in critically ill patients treated with conventional dressing therapy plus low-intensity laser therapy evaluated by the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) and the result of Wound Healing: Secondary Intention, according to the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). METHOD: Case report study according to nursing process conducted with an Intensive Care Unit patient. Data were collected with an instrument containing the PUSH and the result of the NOC. In the analysis we used descriptive statistics, considering the scores obtained on the instrument. RESULTS: A reduction in the size of lesions of 7cm to 1.5cm of length and 6cm to 1.1cm width, in addition to the increase of epithelial tissue and granulation, decreased secretion and odor. CONCLUSION: There was improvement in the healing process of the lesion treated with adjuvant therapy and the use of NOC allowed a more detailed and accurate assessment than the PUSH.

Laser therapy in pressure ulcers: evaluation by the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing and Nursing Outcomes Classification / Laserterapia en úlcera por presión: evaluación por la Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing y nursing outcomes classification / Laserterapia em úlcera por pressão: avaliação pelas Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing e Nursing Outcomes Classification

AbstractOBJECTIVETo describe the pressure ulcer healing process in critically ill patients treated with conventional dressing therapy plus low-intensity laser therapy evaluated by the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) and the result of Wound Healing: Secondary Intention, according to the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC).METHODCase report study according to nursing process conducted with an Intensive Care Unit patient. Data were collected with an instrument containing the PUSH and the result of the NOC. In the analysis we used descriptive statistics, considering the scores obtained on the instrument.RESULTSA reduction in the size of lesions of 7cm to 1.5cm of length and 6cm to 1.1cm width, in addition to the increase of epithelial tissue and granulation, decreased secretion and odor.CONCLUSIONThere was improvement in the healing process of the lesion treated with adjuvant therapy and the use of NOC allowed a more detailed and accurate assessment than the PUSH.

ResumenOBJETIVODescribir el proceso de cicatrización de úlcera por presión en paciente crítico tratado con terapéutica convencional de curativo agregada a la laserterapia de baja intensidad evaluada por la Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) y el resultado Cicatrización de Heridas por segunda intención, de la Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC).MÉTODOEstudio de caso orientado por el proceso de enfermería llevado a cabo con paciente de unidad de terapia intensiva. Los datos fueron recogidos con instrumento conteniendo la PUSH y el resultado de la NOC. En el análisis se utilizó la estadística descriptiva, considerándose las puntuaciones obtenidas en el instrumento.RESULTADOSSe observó reducción en las dimensiones de la lesión de 7cm a 1,5cm de largo y de 6cm a 1,1cm de ancho, además del aumento del tejido epitelial y de granulación, y la reducción de la secreción y el dolor.CONCLUSIÓNHubo mejora en el proceso de cicatrización de la lesión tratada con terapia adyuvante, y el uso de la NOC permitió una evaluación más detallada y precisa que la PUSH.

ResumoOBJETIVODescrever o processo de cicatrização de úlcera por pressão em paciente crítico tratado com terapêutica convencional de curativo acrescida de laserterapia de baixa intensidade avaliada pela Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) e pelo resultado Cicatrização de Feridas: segunda intenção, da Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC).MÉTODOEstudo de caso norteado pelo processo de enfermagem realizado com paciente de unidade de terapia intensiva. Os dados foram coletados com instrumento contendo a PUSH e o resultado da NOC. Na análise utilizou-se a estatística descritiva, considerando-se as pontuações obtidas no instrumento.RESULTADOSObservou-se redução nas dimensões da lesão de 7cm para 1,5cm de comprimento e de 6cm para 1,1cm de largura, além do aumento do tecido epitelial e de granulação, diminuição da secreção e odor.CONCLUSÃO:Houve melhora no processo de cicatrização da lesão tratada com terapia adjuvante e o uso da NOC permitiu uma avaliação mais detalhada e precisa do que da PUSH.

Calcanectomia subtotal para tratamento de úlcera de pressão com osteomielite associada: relato de 2 casos / Subtotal calcanectomy for the treatment of calcaneal pressure sores with associated osteomyelitis: a report of 2 cases

Introdução: Feridas em pés são muito frequentes e requerem abordagem multidisciplinar para a sua prevenção, tratamento e reabilitação. Quando acometem o calcâneo, oferecem dificuldade ainda maior e podem apresentar complicação com a ocorrência de osteomielite. Debridamento de tecido desvitalizado e antibioticoterapia são etapas obrigatórias para o tratamento. Na reconstrução, retalhos locais ou livres são necessários. Porém, nem todos os pacientes, devido a condições sistêmicas ou de vascularização local, são candidatos a esse tipo de reconstrução e acabam sendo submetidos a amputações. Relato de caso: Os autores relatam dois casos nos quais foram utilizadas calcanectomias subtotais para o tratamento de feridas em calcâneo. Em ambos os casos, foram evitadas as amputações.

Introduction: Feet wounds are very common and require multidisciplinary approach for prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. When involving the calcaneus, they offer even greater difficulty and may complicate with osteomyelitis. Debridement of devitalized tissue and antibiotics are important steps for treatment. For the reconstruction, local or free flaps are needed. However, not all patients, due to systemic conditions or local blood supply, are not candidates for this type of reconstruction and some times are submitted to amputations. Cases Report: The authors report two cases in which subtotals calcanectomies were used for the treatment of wounds in the calcaneus. In both cases, amputations were avoided.