La profesionalización de los educadores deportivos en prisiones europeas / Professionalization of sport educators in European prisons

Actualmente, las actividades físicas y deportivas forman parte del paisaje de las prisiones y se les adjudica un papel (re)educativo. Sin embargo, se desconoce cómo se desarrollan dichas actividades y la profesionalización del personal encargado de las mismas. En este estudio se administró un cuestionario a 341 profesionales de prisiones, ubicadas en cinco países europeos, con el objetivo de indagar en el rol que juega la formación especializada en deportes y el diseño instruccional en la profesionalización de estos educadores. Los resultados indican que la formación deportiva especializada es mayor en los profesionales con menos años de experiencia y, especialmente, en aquellos con estudios superiores. Un gran porcentaje de los educadores planifican los principales elementos del diseño instruccional, aunque la mitad aún mantiene los objetivos en mente. Utilizan principalmente la estrategia metodológica de instrucción directa y formas verbales de evaluación. Se concluye que los educadores noveles con mayor nivel de estudios muestran mayor grado de profesionalización (AU)

Sport is nowadays part of the prison landscape and it receives a (re)educational role. Nevertheless, it is unknown how are they developed and the professionalization features of the staff in charge of these activities. Therefore, a sample of 341 professionals from prisons located in five European countries responded to a survey conducted to explore the role that specialized sportive training and instructional design play in the professionalization of sport educators. The results indicate that the specialized sports training is higher among professionals with less years of experience and, especially, among those with higher-university studies. Larger percentage of educators plan the main elements of design, however, half of them still kept in mind the objectives. They mainly use direct instruction methodological strategies and oral forms of assessment. The paper concludes that those educators with less years of experience and more level of education show higher degree of professionalization (AU)

Expected outcomes of sport practice for inmates: a comparison of perceptions of inmates and staff / Resultados esperados de la práctica del deporte entre los reclusos: comparación de las percepciones de presos y personal de prisiones / Resultados esperados da prática esportiva entre os reclusos: comparaçao das percepçoes de presos e pessoal (funcionários) das prisoes

In our society there is a version of sports that is 'invisible'. It is not competitive, it generates no new records and provides no victories. It consists of the unrecognized sporting experiences of certain social minorities. One of these minorities is the prison population. Some research has examined the effects that the practice of sports can have in prisons. This article analyzes these effects based on the results of a qualitative study carried out in Andalusia in Spain. It focuses on the role of sports in the social rehabilitation of the prison population, emphasizing its potential in generating positive attitudes and behaviors that are helpful in reintegration. It also reveals that the role sports has in social rehabilitation is only effective if sports programs in prisons have sound pedagogical practices behind them (AU)

En nuestra sociedad existe una versión del deporte 'invisible'. No se trata de deporte competitivo, no bate marcas, no proporciona victorias. Consiste en una experiencia desamparada para algunos colectivos sociales minoritarios. Uno de estos colectivos es la población reclusa. Algunas investigaciones han examinado los efectos positivos de la práctica deportiva en las cárceles. Este artículo analiza esa relación a partir de los resultados de una investigación cualitativa realizada en el Estado de Andalucía, en España. Se centra en el papel del deporte en la rehabilitación social de la población reclusa. Señala su potencial en la provisión de actitudes y comportamientos positivos para la integración. Igualmente, revela que el papel del deporte en la rehabilitación social sólo es efectivo si existen estrategias pedagógicas que sustenten los programas deportivos en las cárceles (AU)

Em nossa sociedade existe uma versão invisível de esporte. Não se trata de esporte competitivo, não bate recordes, não proporciona vitórias. Consiste numa experiência desamparada para alguns coletivos minoritários. Um desses coletivos é a população em regime de reclusão. Algumas investigações tem examinado os efeitos positivos das práticas esportivas nos cárceres. Este artigo analisa essa relação a partir dos resultados de uma investigação qualitativa realizada no Estado da Andaluzia, Espanha, e se centra no papel do esporte na reabilitação social da população reclusa. Assinala seu potencial na provisão de atitudes e comportamentos positivos à integração. Igualmente, revela que o papel do esporte na reabilitação social so é efetivo se existem estratégias pedagógicas que sustentem os programas esportivos nos presídios (AU)

Educacion para la salud en los problemas prevalentes del medio penitenciario, proyecto en Ocaña-I (España) / Health education for prevalent problems in prison, Ocaña-I proyect (Spain)

Objetivo: Proyecto piloto centrado en la implantación y evaluación de un programa de Educación para la Salud (EpS) en internos del Centro Penitenciario Ocaña I (España). El objetivo fue analizar las intenciones de cambio en los hábitos de salud y en la percepción, así como evaluar si el programa de EpS tenía efectos diferenciales dependiendo de si los participantes pertenecían o no al Programa de Atención Integral al Enfermo Mental (PAIEM) y de sus características sociodemográficas. Metodología: Los participantes fueron 65 varones que respondieron a un cuestionario ad hoc al finalizar cada sesión. Los análisis fueron univariantes y bivariantes (ANOVA de un factor, prueba t y test de independencia Chi-Cuadrado). Resultados: La valoración media de las sesiones fue de 3,51 sobre 4 (DE = 0,62). Las respuestas afirmativas sobre la intención de adoptar hábitos saludables fueron mayores entre los sujetos no pertenecientes al PAIEM (84,8%) que entre los que sí formaban parte del mismo (57,9%). Todos los sujetos con pareja indicaron tener intención de cambiar los hábitos negativos, frente al 67,3% entre aquellos sin pareja. El cambio en la percepción sobre el tema fue más alto entre los que no tenían estudios (89,7%) que entre aquellos que sí los tenían (61,5%). Conclusiones: La evaluación del programa de EpS implantado en el Centro Penitenciario Ocaña I fue muy positiva, existiendo diferencias entre los sujetos pertenecientes al PAIEM y los que no (AU)

Objective: Pilot project focusing on the implementation and evaluation of a health education (HE) program for inmates of the prison of Ocaña I (Spain). The objective was to analyze the intentions for change in health habits and perceptions, and to assess whether the HE-program had differential effects depending on whether the participants belonged to the PAIEM or not and their socio-demographic characteristics. Methodology: The participants were 65 men, who answered an ad hoc questionnaire at the end of each session. Data analysis applied was univariate and bivariate (one-way ANOVA, t-test for Equality of Means and Chi-Square test). Results: The average rating of the sessions was 3.51 out of 4 (SD = 0.62). The percentage of positive answers about the intention to adopt healthy habits was higher among non-PAIEM subjects (84.8%) than among those who were part of this program (57.9%). All subjects having a couple indicated an intention to change negative habits, compared to 67.3% for those without a couple. The percentage of subjects who said that their perception on the issue had changed was highest among those without education (89.7%) than among those with education (61.5%). Conclusions: The evaluation of implanted HE-program implemented in the Ocaña I prison was very positive, there are differences between subjects belonging to the PAIEM and those who do not (AU)

Trastornos de síntomas somáticos y trastornos relacionados / No disponible

En esta mesa se comentan las perspectivas epistemológicas, diagnósticas, explicativas y etiopatogénicas, así como una pauta general de actuación ante los trastornos de síntomas somáticos y trastornos relacionados (AU)

No disponible

“No bastan muros de piedra para hacer una prisión”: la vida cotidiana de los internos de la cárcel Villahermosa, Cali, Colombia / “Stone walls are not enough to build a prison”: the daily life of inmates at "Villahermosa" prison in Cali, Colombia

El presente artículo derivado de investigación, describe la situación carcelaria en Colombia en los últimos años, haciendo énfasis sobre la situación particular del hacinamiento en el establecimiento carcelario Villahermosa de la ciudad de Cali(Colombia). Finalmente se realiza un análisis sobre la manera en que transcurre la vida cotidiana en dicho Centro Carcelario.

The current article, derived from a piece of research, describes the prison situation in Colombia, in the last few years, making emphasis on the particular overcrowding situation at “Villahermosa” Prison in the city of Cali, Colombia. Lastly, an analysis of the daily living conditions at that prison is made.

Educar en las cárceles: Unidad Terapeútica y Educativa de Villabona (Asturias, España) / Educating in jails: Therapeutical and Educational Unit –UTE- in Villabona (Asturias, Spain) / Educar nas prisões: Unidade Terapêutica e Educativa de Villabona (Astúrias, Espanha)

Aquí se pretende aproximar a la sociedad a la prisión para que comparta procesos educativos desde espacios de normalidad y, desde ahí, desarrollar principios para una acción “reeducadora”, de acuerdo con la legislación actual del Estado español. El objetivo será dar forma a las principales líneas teóricas de la Unidad Terapéutica y Educativa –UTE-, sobre las cuales reconocer y valorar sus acciones terapéuticas y educativas, fundamentadas sobre la noción de conducta –hechos, acciones observables–, basándola en su continuidad y consistencia para poder presentar y explicar la propuesta de cambio establecida en los procesos para su comprensión: corresponsabilidad y cogestión, a la vez que su mecanismo para la adaptación: confrontamiento. El análisis de las características organizacionales dará paso a presentar los principales instrumentos de intervención de la UTE: la escuela y el grupo, identificando los distintos tipos de cambio posibles en la intervención desarrollada y derivada del tipo de paso por diferentes contextos penitenciarios. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre las necesidades que se deben desarrollar para dar paso al modelo alternativo de prisión en el sistema jurídico del Estado español.

The purpose here is get society closer to prison in order for it to share educational processes from normality spaces and, from there, develop principles for a “reeducative” action according to the present legislation of the Spanish state. The objective consists of giving shape to the main theoretical lines of the “UTE” on which its therapeutical and educational actions can be recognized and valued as grounded on the notion of conduct –observable facts, actions– on the base of their continuity and consistency, in order to be able to submit and explain the change proposal established in the processes used for their comprehension: co-responsibility and co-management, as well as their mechanism for adaptation. The analysis of the organizational features will pave the way for the presentation of the main UTE’s intervention instruments: the school and the group, by identifying the different types of changes feasible in an intervention developed and deriving from the kind of stages seen through the different penitentiary contexts. Finally, a reflection is made with respect to the needs that should be developed in order to give way to an alternative prison model in the Spanish state’s legal system.

Aqui pretende-se aproximar a sociedade à prisão de modo que compartilhe processos educativos dos espaços de normalidade e, de lá, desenvolver princípios para uma ação de “reeducadora”, segundo a legislação atual do Estado espanhol. O objetivo será materializar as linhas teóricas principais do UTE, sobre as quais seja possível reconhecer e avaliar suas ações terapêuticas e educativas, baseadas na noção de conduta –fatos, ações observáveis–, baseando-a nas sua continuidade e consistência para poder apresentar e explicar a proposta da mudança estabelecida nos processos para sua compreensão: co-responsabilidade e co-gerenciamento, assim como seu mecanismo para a adaptação: confrontação. A análise das características dos organizativas abrirá o espaço para apresentar os instrumentos principais de intervenção da UTE: a escola e o grupo, identificando os diferentes tipos de mudança possíveis na intervenção desenvolvida e derivada do tipo de passo pelos diferentes contextos do penitenciários. Finalmente, reflete-se sobre as necessidades que devem-se desenvolver para abrir os espaços para o modelo alternativo da prisão no sistema legal do Estado espanhol.

Correctional nursing: a study protocol to develop an educational intervention to optimize nursing practice in a unique context.

BACKGROUND: Nurses are the primary healthcare providers in correctional facilities. A solid knowledge and expertise that includes the use of research evidence in clinical decision making is needed to optimize nursing practice and promote positive health outcomes within these settings. The institutional emphasis on custodial care within a heavily secured, regulated, and punitive environment presents unique contextual challenges for nursing practice. Subsequently, correctional nurses are not always able to obtain training or ongoing education that is required for broad scopes of practice. The purpose of the proposed study is to develop an educational intervention for correctional nurses to support the provision of evidence-informed care. METHODS: A two-phase mixed methods research design will be used. The setting will be three provincial correctional facilities. Phase one will focus on identifying nurses' scope of practice and practice needs, describing work environment characteristics that support evidence-informed practice and developing the intervention. Semi-structured interviews will be completed with nurses and nurse managers. To facilitate priorities for the intervention, a Delphi process will be used to rank the learning needs identified by participants. Based on findings, an online intervention will be developed. Phase two will involve evaluating the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention to inform a future experimental design. DISCUSSION: The context of provincial correctional facilities presents unique challenges for nurses' provision of care. This study will generate information to address practice and learning needs specific to correctional nurses. Interventions tailored to barriers and supports within specific contexts are important to enable nurses to provide evidence-informed care.

Elevación de los conocimientos sobre virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y sida en reclusos de la Prisión Kilo 8 de Pinar del Río / Increase of knowledge on the human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS in prisoners of Prison Kilo 8 from Pinar del Río

Introducción: en la conducta sexual influyen varios factores, tales como: personalidad individual, clase social, moral vigente en los entornos social y familiar. Objetivo: ampliar los conocimientos sobre VIH/sida en reclusos de la Prisión Kilo 8 de Pinar del Río. Métodos: se efectuó un estudio de intervención educativa en 70 individuos de 20-30 años, pertenecientes a la Prisión Kilo 8 de Pinar del Río, desde enero hasta julio del 2011. La investigación se diseñó en 3 etapas, según el protocolo general del Programa de Intervención Comunitaria (diagnóstico inicial, intervención y diagnóstico final). Para el análisis comparativo se empleó la prueba de Ji al cuadrado. Resultados: inicialmente, existían dificultades en el nivel de conocimientos sobre conceptos, vías de transmisión y principales conductas de riesgo, pero una vez concluida la intervención educativa, se obtuvieron cambios significativos, pues 97,1 por ciento identificaron el VIH/sida y reconocieron las medidas de prevención; 98,5 por ciento conocían las conductas de riesgo; 95,7 por ciento dominaban las vías de transmisión y todos expresaron la necesidad de usar el condón. Conclusiones: se demostró la efectividad de la instrucción realizada, la cual permitió desarrollar prácticas para evitar la adquisición del VIH/sida, así como tener una sexualidad sana y segura(AU)

Introduction: several factors, such as: individual personality, social status, moral in the social and family environments influence the sexual behaviour. Objective: to increase the knowledge on HIV/AIDS in prisoners of the Prison Kilo 8 from Pinar del Río.Methods: a study of educational intervention was carried out in 70 prisoners between 20-30 years, belonging to the Prison Kilo 8 of Pinar del Río, from January to July, 2011. The investigation was designed in 3 stages, according to the general protocol of the Community Intervention Program (initial diagnosis, intervention and final diagnosis). For the comparative analysis the chi-square test was used.Results: initially, difficulties were found in the level of knowledge on concepts, transmission ways and main risky behaviours, but once the educational intervention was concluded, significant changes were obtained, because 97.1 percent identified HIV/aids and they recognized the prevention measures; 98.5 percent knew the risky behaviours; 95.7 percent knew about the transmission ways and all expressed the necessity to use the condom. Conclusions: the effectiveness of the instruction carried out was demonstrated, which allowed to develop practices to avoid the infection by HIV/aids, as well as to have a healthy and safe sexuality(AU)

Visibilidad internacional e impacto de la producción científica española en Sanidad Penitenciaria (2002-2011) / International visibility and impact of the Spanish research on Prison Health (2002-2011)

Objetivo: Analizar la difusión y el impacto de la investigación española sobre Sanidad Penitenciaria en los últimos diez años publicada en revistas científicas internacionales Material y método: Estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo de la producción científica. Se ha utilizado como fuente de información Medline-Pubmed. Se analizan aspectos bibliométricos de las revistas, los trabajos y los autores utilizando indicadores de Web of Science, Journal Citation Reports y los Essential Indicator. Se identifica la producción, las revistas, los autores y los temas de investigación Resultados: Son 159 los trabajos publicados, lo que supone casi el 2% de la producción mundial en sanidad penitenciaria. El perfil de publicación mayoritario es en revistas internacionales de medio impacto en los JCR. La Revista Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria, sin alcanzar protagonismo, es la más productiva (9.09%). Por autores, solo dos alcanzan un nivel medio alto con hasta 10 trabajos publicados en la década. El estudio de coautoría muestra una red muy tupida con 14 autores y distintas redes menores fragmentadas. Respecto de las citas, 6 son los trabajos que reciben 15 o más, siendo solo 2 los que podemos considerar altamente citados. Los temas de estudio presentan tres frentes: enfermedades infecciosas, drogas y problemas psiquiátricopsicológicos Conclusiones: La aportación española a la investigación mundial en Sanidad Penitenciaria (1,9%) está próxima a otras disciplinas, aunque es ligeramente inferior (Medicina General representa el 3,05%, Salud Pública 2,38%, Psiquiatría 2,29%, Toxicología 2,46%). Se prevé que la Sanidad Penitenciaria remontará con la incorporación a Medline de su revista homónima y con el colectivo de autores que se ha incorporado a la corriente internacional. Esta incorporación no ha significado aun la integración en revistas de alto nivel y en citación. Las revistas utilizadas promedian un Factor de Impacto bajo (2,062) y son escasos los trabajos en revistas de primer nivel (Q1). Son pocos los trabajos con un promedio aceptable de citas en su área de conocimiento. El patrón de coautoría muestra aún un estado inmaduro de la investigación española en Sanidad Penitenciaria(AU)

Objective: This paper sets out to analyze the dissemination and impact of Spanish research published in international scientific journals on Prison Health over the last decade Material and methods: Descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective analysis of scientific output. We used the Medline- Pubmed database as an information resource. We focus on the bibliometric aspects of journals, papers and authors using the indicators offered by the Web of Science, the Journal Citation Reports and the Essential Science Indicators. We identify the output of Spanish researchers, journals in which they are published, authors and main research fields. Results: From 2002 to 2011, Spanish researchers published 159 papers, that is, nearly 2% of the world’s share in Prison Health. The publication profile is mainly in international journals with an average impact on JCR. The Revista Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria is the most productive journal (9.09%), although its role is not prominent. Only two authors can be considered as medium-high productive authors with 10 papers in the study time period. The co-authors network shows a dense network with 14 authors along with minor fragmented networks. As regards citations, 6 papers have been cited 15 or more times and only two can be considered as highly cited. Three main research fronts have been identified: infectious diseases, drugs and psychiatric-psychological problems. Conclusions: The Spanish research production on Prison Health represents a similar share of the world output similar to that of other disciplines (1.9%), although slightly lower (General Medicine represents 3.05%; Public Health, 2.38%; Psychiatry, 2.29%; Toxicology, 2.46%). It seems likely that this share will increase as a result of the inclusion of its main journal in Medline along with an increasing number of researchers working on this discipline at an international level. However, inclusion has not yet led to integration into high-impact journals or a larger number of citations. The average Journal Impact Factor is relatively low (2.062) and few papers are published in first-class journals (Q1). There are few articles with a good citation average according to the discipline’s standard. Likewise, the collaboration pattern still shows a poor state for Spanish research on Prison Healt(AU)

Situación de Salud de reclusos de un Centro de Cumplimiento Penitenciario, Chile / Health Situation of prisoners at a Prison Compliance Centre, Chile

Introducción: La población penitenciaria ha ido en aumento, y con ello las necesidades en salud, siendo catalogada como una población vulnerable. Por otro lado, las personas privadas de libertad mantienen los derechos inherentes al ser humano, entre ellos el derecho a la salud, el cual en algunas oportunidades se encuentra relegado. Objetivo: Caracterizar la situación de salud de reclusos de un centro de cumplimiento penitenciario, y su grado de satisfacción con la atención en salud brindada. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, llevado a cabo en el centro de cumplimiento penitenciario El Manzano, Concepción, durante octubre 2011-febrero 2012 mediante la aplicación del Examen de medicina preventiva y un cuestionario de antecedentes sociodemográficos y de salud, incluyendo reclusos de sexo masculino y femenino mayores de 18 años en régimen cerrado. Resultados: Un 85% de la población estudiada eran hombres, la edad promedio fue 34 años, el 91,2% recibe visitas, el promedio de reclusión fue 38 meses. El 45% posee al menos una enfermedad diagnosticada, primando los desórdenes mentales, patologías del sistema respiratorio y circulatorio. Un 56% de los reclusos ha solicitado atención en salud con poca frecuencia, encontrándose 33% muy satisfecho y 32% satisfecho en lo relativo a los servicios sanitarios del penal. Discusión: El estado de salud de la población penal se encuentra más deteriorado que el de la población general, con necesidades mayores y distintas, sin embargo existe una percepción de un buen estado de salud y una tendencia al alto grado de satisfacción de los servicios sanitarios (AU)

Introduction: There are population groups nowadays that are regarded as vulnerable, one of which is the prison population, considered to have major health needs. Nonetheless, people deprived of liberty maintain inherent human rights such as that of health care, which in some situations may take second place. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study, carried out at El Manzano Prison compliance centre, Concepción, from October 2011 to February 2012 with the implementation of a preventive health exam and a socio-demographic and health questionnaire, for 18+, female and male prisoners in a closed system, on reception of written informed consent. Results: in the study, the population was 85% men, the average age was 34 years, 91.2% receive visits, average term of imprisonment 38 months. At least 45% have a diagnosed disease, prioritizing mental disorders, and respiratory and circulatory system diseases. 56% of prisoners have requested health care infrequently, 33% of which were very satisfied and 32% satisfied with prison health services. Discussion: The health of the prison population is more impaired than that of the general population, with a larger number of needs that are also different, but there is a positive perception of health by prisoners and a high degree of satisfaction with health services(AU)

Factores de riesgo asociados a la delincuencia masculina en México: un estudio a reclusos de un centro de readaptación social varonil / Fatores de risco associados à criminalidade masculina no México: um estudo para os presos de um centro de reabilitação social varonil / Risk factors associated with male delinquency in Mexico: a study among inmates in a social male re-adaptation center

Se realizó un estudio transversal, descriptivo y correlacional, cuyo propósito fue analizar los niveles de violencia intrafamiliar, el consumo de alcohol y la sintomatología depresiva en un grupo de internos de un centro de readaptación social, así como determinar la relación de estas variables con el tipo de delito cometido. Se seleccionó una muestra no probabilística de 385 hombres, que se encontraban internos en un centro de readaptación social en México; el mayor porcentaje de ellos tenían entre 18 y 30 años de edad. Se utilizó un instrumento que evaluó: el consumo de alcohol, en cuanto a frecuencia y cantidad (indicadores de la Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones); la sintomatología depresiva (Cédula del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos, CES-D) y la violencia intrafamiliar (agresión verbal, agresión física, humillación y respeto). Los resultados mostraron que el 75,6% de los internos habían cometido robo y que más de la mitad aún se encontraban en proceso de recibir su sentencia. Respecto a los niveles de violencia intrafamiliar y el consumo de alcohol, el mayor porcentaje de los internos reportó niveles bajos (81,8 y 49,5%, respectivamente). Sin embargo, en niveles de depresión, el 50% presentó niveles altos. Se encontró un mayor número de internos que habían cometido secuestro con violencia intrafamiliar severa; se detectó un mayor porcentaje de ellos que habían cometido homicidio, con consumo severo de alcohol, y respecto a la sintomatología depresiva, se halló, en este grupo, una mayor cantidad con niveles severos, que reportaron haber cometido violaciones

A transversal, descriptive and correlational study was carried out for the purpose of analyzing domestic violence, alcohol consumption, and depressive symptomatology in a group of inmates in a social re-adaptation center, and to determine as well the relationship between these variables and the type of crimes committed. A non-probabilistic sample of 385 men confined in a social re-adaptation center in Mexico was selected, of which the highest percentage consisted of males between 18 and 30 years of age.An instrument was used to assess: alcohol consumption in terms of frequency and amount (indicators of the National Addiction Survey); depressive symptomatology (Scale of the Epidemiological Study Center CES-D), and domestic violence (verbal aggression, physical aggression, humiliation, and disrespect). The results showed that 75.6% of the inmates had committed theft, and more than half of them were still awaiting sentencing. With respect to domestic violence and alcohol consumption, the highest percentage of inmates reported low volumes (81.8 and 49.5%, respectively). Nevertheless, in depression situations, 50% exhibited high levels. It was found that a larger number of inmates with a history of intense domestic violence had committed kidnappings, and a higher percentage of those with a heavy consumption of alcohol were charged with murder or manslaughter. As per those with high depressive symptomatology rates, most of them reported having committed rapes

Um estudo transversal, descritivo e de correlação foi realizado. O objetivo foi analisar os níveis de violência doméstica, o consumo de álcool e os sintomas da depressão em um grupo de prisioneiros de um centro de reabilitação social, bem como a determinação da relação destas variáveis com o tipo de crime cometido. Uma amostra não probabilística de 385 homens foi selecionada. Os homens ficavam presos em um centro de reabilitação social no México; a maior percentagem deles tinham entre 18 e 30 anos de idade. Nós usamos um instrumento que avaliou: o consumo de álcool, em termos de frequência e quantidade (indicadores da Escola Nacional de Vícios); sintomas depressivos (Cédula do Centro de Estudos Epidemiológicos, CES-D) e violência doméstica (agressão verbal, agressão física, humilhação e respeito). Os resultados mostraram que 75,6 % dos detentos havia cometido roubo e que mais da metade estavam ainda em processo de receber sua sentença. Com relação aos níveis de violência doméstica e o consumo de álcool, a maior percentagem de detidos reportou níveis baixos (81,8 e 49,5%, respectivamente). No entanto, nos níveis de depressão, o 50% apresentou níveis elevados. Encontramos um maior número de presos que cometeram rapto com violência doméstica severa; uma percentagem mais elevada daqueles que tinham cometido assassinato foi detectada, com consumo de álcool grave e sintomas depressivos. A maioria neste grupo apresentava níveis graves, que relatou ter cometido estupro

Privación de libertad en los establecimientos 3 de Medellín / Deprivation of liberty in penitentiaries in Medellin

La investigación “Estado de los derechos fundamentales de las personas privadas de la libertad en los establecimientos penitenciarios y carcelarios de Medellín” se ocupó de definir el contexto histórico y actual de los establecimientos de privación de la libertad en el municipio de Medellín. De acuerdo con ello se describen los establecimientos que han existido en el municipio y los que actualmente existen para la privación de la libertad de miembros de la Policía Nacional, el Ejército Nacional y civiles adultos hombres y mujeres. Como una manera de evidenciar que la privación de la libertad es discriminada en diversos tipos de establecimientos y que aquellos que se construyeron como la solución a grandísimos problemas penitenciarios y carcelarios simplemente entran a hacer parte del problema.

The research "the state of the fundamental rights of people deprived of liberty in correctional and prison institutions in Medellín" dealt with defining the historical and the current context of institutions of deprivation of liberty in the municipality of Medellín. Based on that, those that have existed in the municipality are described, as well as those which currently exist for the deprivation of liberty for the members of the National Police, the National Army, and civilian adult men and women. As a way to demonstrate that the deprivation of liberty is discriminated in various types of those institutions, and that those which were built as the solution to huge prison and penitentiary problems, are simply part of the problem.

Race and imprisonments: vigilante violence, minority threat, and racial politics.

The effects of lynchings on criminal justice outcomes have seldom been examined. Recent findings also are inconsistent about the effects of race on imprisonments. This study uses a pooled time-series design to assess lynching and racial threat effects on state imprisonments from 1972 to 2000. After controlling for Republican strength, conservatism, and other factors, lynch rates explain the growth in admission rates. The findings also show that increases in black residents produce subsequent expansions in imprisonments that likely are attributable to white reactions to this purported menace. But after the percentage of blacks reaches a substantial threshold­and the potential black vote becomes large enough to begin to reduce these harsh punishments­reductions in prison admissions occur. These results also confirm a political version of racial threat theory by indicating that increased Republican political strength produces additional imprisonments.

Convict bastards, common-law unions, and shotgun weddings: premarital conceptions and ex-nuptial births in nineteenth-century Tasmania.

This article uses reconstituted family data from birth, death, and marriage registers to measure ex-nuptial fertility and premarital pregnancies in nineteenth-century Tasmania. It also examines the extent to which convict origins of European society on the island caused a departure from English norms of family formation behavior, during a period when men greatly outnumbered women. Illegitimacy was high during the convict period. From the mid-1850s, after the convict system collapsed, levels of ex-nupital births were relatively constant until the end of the century, as indicated both by the illegitimacy rate and by the proportion of marriages associated with prenuptial births. By the end of the nineteenth-century, rates of illegitimacy and prenuptial conceptions in Tasmania were well within the range of those of contemporary English-speaking populations.

Research notes from the underworld: the entry logs of the Rio de Janeiro Casa de Detenção, 1860-1969.

The Rio de Janeiro state archive's collection of entry logs for the city's central detention center, going back to the mid-nineteenth century, provides a rare glimpse into the lives of Rio's­and Brazil's­poor and working classes who otherwise left few written records behind. During the time when the institution maintained the entry logs, police exercised broad power to make arrests. Although relatively few detainees were ever prosecuted or even formally charged, the detention center kept detailed records of detainees' physical appearance, attire, home address, nationality, sex, affiliation, and so on, as well as information about any criminal charges. This article explores the wealth of empirical data that the entry logs provide. It also suggests how scrutinizing this type of document across time shows how record keeping itself changed, in turn affording researchers rare insight into the inner workings of modern Latin American society.