Juventud y feminismo en Argentina. Movimientos y orientaciones de estudiantes de escuelas secundarias de Córdoba / Youth and feminism in Argentina. Movements and orientations of high school students in Córdoba

La irrupción del Ni Una Menos en Argentina, en 2015, conlleva una masificación de los activis-mos feministas y un hito en la historia de participación de jóvenes adolescentes en el feminis-mo local. En este artículo analizo movimientos y orientaciones de estudiantes de escuelas se-cundarias de Córdoba en torno al feminismo. Recupero elplanteo de Sara Ahmed y pienso al movimiento como una forma de orientarse y entrar en contacto con un objeto. Me pregunto por los modos de afectación a partir de ese contacto entre jóvenes y feminismo. Las entrevistas realizadas a estudiantes me permitieron construir tres categorías: acercamiento, seexpresa como identificación incondicional con el feminismo como en forma ambivalente; contacto fác-tico y rechazo.Junto a estos movimientos, considero menciones a la indiferencia ante al femi-nismo. Estas categorías permiten pensar en procesos subjetivos que se van configurando desde lo social y son dependientes de los contextos y las situaciones vividas. (AU)

The emergence of Ni Una Menos (Not One Woman Less) in Argentina, in 2015, entails a massifi-cation of feminist activism and a milestone in the history of young adolescents’ participation in local feminism. In this article, I analyze movements and orientations of high school students in Córdoba in relation to feminism. Starting from Sara Ahmed's approach, I reflect on move-ment as a way of orientating towards and coming into contact with an object. I inquire about the modes of affectation resulting from this contact between young people and feminism. The interviews conducted with students allowed me to construct three categories: approach, ex-pressing unconditional or ambivalent identification with feminism, factual contact and rejec-tion. Along with these movements, I consider mentions of indifference to feminism. These categories allow us to think about subjective processes that are socially shaped and are de-pendent on the contexts and situations experienced. (AU)

Managing difficult and violent adolescents ( adolescents difficiles) in France: a genealogical approach.

'Difficult adolescent' is a clinical category defined by psychiatrists' expertise. Since the end of the 1990s, it has been extensively used to describe a population of disruptive, violent yet vulnerable adolescents, at the margins of public institutions that manage youth deviancy in France. For the present study, an interconnected network of 49 documents was analysed using a genealogical method in order to provide comprehensive elements in the results. This category found its ecological niche in the 1960s, revealing a moral tension in the use of constraint. It addressed new problems of intractable individuals, whose dangerousness and vulnerability require coordination between penal, social and psychiatric institutions. It defines an ambiguous condition, suspended between the trouble experienced by the caregivers and an adolescent's individual disorder.

Prosocialidad: estado actual de la investigación en colombia / Prosociality Current status of research in colombia

Este artículo tiene por finalidad presentar el estado del arte acerca del estudio de la conducta prosocial en Colombia. Se analizaron las tendencias actuales en términos de las principales variables positivamente relacionadas, focos poblacionales, contextos de estudio, principales hallazgos y vacíos en la investigación sobre este constructo. Se tomaron investigaciones con una amplia gama de variables positivamente asociadas, tales como empatía, conductas de ayuda, altruismo, ajuste psicológico, entre otras. Se encontró que la tendencia en el país, en el campo investigativo, está dirigida al estudio de la conducta prosocial en la infancia y la adolescencia, especialmente en contextos de crianza, parentalidad y escenarios educativos. La evidencia empírica alcanzada en el país, en términos generales, es coherente con los hallazgos en la investigación internacional en materia de prosocialidad. Se puede concluir que, a pesar de las condiciones sociales por las que pasa el país en términos de violencias y conflicto armado, son escasos los estudios de este constructo en poblaciones vulnerables o afectadas por la violencia, siendo este un campo investigativo prometedor con múltiples aristas por explorar.

This paper aims to present the state of the art about the study of prosocial behavior in Colombia. Current trends were analyzed in terms of the main positively related variables, population outbreaks, study contexts, main findings and gaps in research on this construct. Research was undertaken with a wide range of positively associated variables, such as empathy, help behaviors, altruism, psychological adjustment, among others. It was found that the trend in the country, in the field of research, is directed to the study of prosocial behavior in childhood and adolescence, especially in contexts of parenting and educational scenarios. The empirical evidence obtained in the country, in general terms, is consistent with the findings in international research on prosociality. It can be concluded that, despite the social conditions that the country is experiencing in terms of violence and armed conflict, studies of this construct are scarce in populations that are vulnerable or affected by violence, this being a promising research field with multiple edges to explore.

Psychology and public policy: A 50-year adventure.

This article provides an overview of my research on children, families, and the law over the past 50 years, while also providing the context for psychological research and action during this time period. The general framework requires using autobiographical information to understand my primary goal of contributing to a research base for intervention and policy change, especially within the juvenile justice system. Overall, my research and action endeavors have been related to prevention, children, and the legal system with changing foci over time: (a) changing juvenile correctional settings, (b) understanding and preventing child sexual abuse, (c) intervening with violent juveniles, (d) exploiting the myth of extreme recidivism rates among juvenile sex offenders, (e) understanding decision-making among youth in legal contexts, and (f) examining violence in teen dating relationships. The article concludes with a brief discussion of dissemination of research findings to policymakers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Decreases in psychological well-being among American adolescents after 2012 and links to screen time during the rise of smartphone technology.

In nationally representative yearly surveys of United States 8th, 10th, and 12th graders 1991-2016 (N = 1.1 million), psychological well-being (measured by self-esteem, life satisfaction, and happiness) suddenly decreased after 2012. Adolescents who spent more time on electronic communication and screens (e.g., social media, the Internet, texting, gaming) and less time on nonscreen activities (e.g., in-person social interaction, sports/exercise, homework, attending religious services) had lower psychological well-being. Adolescents spending a small amount of time on electronic communication were the happiest. Psychological well-being was lower in years when adolescents spent more time on screens and higher in years when they spent more time on nonscreen activities, with changes in activities generally preceding declines in well-being. Cyclical economic indicators such as unemployment were not significantly correlated with well-being, suggesting that the Great Recession was not the cause of the decrease in psychological well-being, which may instead be at least partially due to the rapid adoption of smartphones and the subsequent shift in adolescents' time use. (PsycINFO Database Record

Award for Distinguished Scientific Applications of Psychology: Jacquelynne S. Eccles.

The American Psychological Association Award for Distinguished Scientific Applications of Psychology is presented to a person who, in the opinion of the Committee on Scientific Awards, has made distinguished theoretical or empirical advances leading to the understanding or amelioration of important practical problems. Jacquelynne S. Eccles is the recipient of the 2017 award, "for her seminal contributions to our understanding of how social contexts shape child and adolescent development." Eccles's award citation, biography, and a selected bibliography are presented here. (PsycINFO Database Record

The Adolescent Condition in Thomas Hardy's The Woodlanders.

In The Woodlanders, Hardy examines the intersections between adolescence as scientific fact and adolescence as utilitarian economic construction. Hardy posits that the emergence of adolescence as a social category provides an opportunity for further, excessive control of young women in a patriarchal society when science is taken at its word, but, paradoxically, also opens up a space for a new kind of freedom and rebellion when the adolescent condition of nineteenth-century scientific theorists is seized for the very subversive qualities which the Victorians oppose.

Return of separated children: the impact of Dutch policies.

In many European countries, both the voluntary and the forced return of rejected asylum seekers are problematic. In the case of separated children, the difficulties seem to be even greater. In the Netherlands, many of these children disappear from the reception centres for unknown destinations, instead of returning to their home country. The new, stricter return policies adopted by the Dutch government in recent years have not (yet) changed this situation.In an explorative study of separated children aged between 15 and 18, the implementation and results of these policies were studied. The impact of the activities designed to promote voluntary return appeared to be very limited. Most separated young people did not want to consider return and did not take any action in this regard. Forced return rarely constituted a viable alternative. These findings may be explained by several factors. Among other things, considerations pertaining to personal security, family circumstances, and structural conditions in the countries of origin influence both the attitudes and behaviours of separated children, and host government policies. Moreover, many children were not willing to discuss their return with the youth care workers who were supposed to discuss and promote a voluntary return with them. The fact that most of the young people were allowed to stay in the reception centres until their eighteenth birthday enabled them to postpone making a final decision. A forced return was hindered by such obstacles as the absence of documents and the lack of appropriate care in the country of origin. More insight into the backgrounds of separated children and the (im)possibilities regarding their return seems necessary to be able to design more effective return policies.

Consequences of black exceptionalism? Interracial unions with blacks, depressive symptoms, and relationship satisfaction.

Using data from Wave 4 (2008) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 7,466), we examine potential consequences of black exceptionalism in the context of interracial relationships among nonblack respondents. While increasing racial diversity and climbing rates of interracial unions have fostered the notion that racial boundaries within the United States are fading, our results add to the accumulating evidence that racial/ethnic boundaries persist in U.S. society. Results suggest that among non-Black respondents there is more stigma and disapproval attached to relationships with Blacks than there are to relationships with members of other racial/ethnic groups. Specifically, our results indicate that nonblack individuals with black partners have significantly more depressive symptoms and less relationship satisfaction than their counterparts with nonblack partners, regardless of respondent race and whether the nonblack partner is the same versus a different race from the respondent. Further, the relationship between partner race and depressive symptoms is partially and significantly mediated by relationship satisfaction.

Exclusión social y cultura: El papel de las normas de grupo, identidad de grupo y justicia / Social exclusion and culture: The role of group norms, group identity and fairness

Este artículo revisa la literatura sobre la exclusión social en la infancia y la adolescencia, con un enfoque sobre la exclusión basada en la cultura en la que las normas, la identidad y la justicia son factores importantes. La investigación reciente ha examinado las opiniones del niño acerca de la imparcialidad de la exclusión en diferentes contextos sociales, identificando los factores que contribuyen a legitimar o rechazar la exclusión de los miembros de los grupos externos. En todas las culturas, los factores de importancia son el sexo, la raza, la etnia y la cultura. Se revisan los resultados actuales y se apuntan las posibles áreas de investigación (AU)

This paper reviews the literature on social exclusion in childhood and adolescence, with a focus on exclusion based on culture in which norms, identity, and fairness are salient factors. Recent research has examined children’s views about the fairness of exclusion in different social contexts, identifying the factors that contribute to legitimizing or rejecting the exclusion of members of out-groups. Across cultures, factors of relevance include gender, race, ethnicity, and culture. We review current findings and point to areas for new research (AU)

Digital expression among urban, low-income African American adolescents.

Digital production is a means through which African American adolescents communicate and express their experiences with peers. This study examined the content and the form of the digital productions of 24 urban, low-income African American adolescents who attended a summer academic program. The content of student digital productions focused on academic experiences and friendships. Their production styles revealed that youth used perceptually salient production features, such as rapid scene changes and loud rap music. The results suggest that when placed in a supportive, academic environment and provided with digital production resources, students who traditionally face barriers due to cultural and economic inequalities digitally express to their peers an interest in academics and positive peer relationships, and that these youth communicate their experiences through a shared production style that reflects their broader cultural experiences.

"Children of the city": juvenile justice, property, and place in England and Scotland, 1945-60.

This article uses cases studies of Dundee and Manchester to explain juvenile property-offending in terms of young people's use of objects and spaces in the period 1945-60. A composite picture is assembled of objects stolen, which reflects growth of the specifically "teenage" consumer market as well as continued significance of young people's contribution to family economies. Concerns about youth, property, and space were reported in newspapers in terms of vandalism and hooliganism. "Play" and "nuisance" were overlapping and contested categories; re-education of young people in the correct use of place, space, and property was a key aim of the postwar juvenile justice system.

Legal mobilization in schools: the paradox of rights and race among youth.

In this article, we analyze ethnoracial patterns in youth perceptions and responses to rights violations and advance a new model of legal mobilization that includes formal, quasi-, and extralegal action. Slightly more than half of the 5,461 students in our sample reported past rights violations involving discrimination, harassment, freedom of expression/assembly, and due process violations in disciplinary procedures. Students, regardless of race, are more likely to take extralegal than formal legal actions in response to perceived rights violations. Self-identified African American and Latino/a students are significantly more likely than white and Asian American students to perceive rights violations and are more likely to claim they would take formal legal action in response to hypothetical rights violations. However, when they perceive rights violations, African American and Asian American students are no more likely than whites to take formal legal action and Latino/a students are less likely than whites to take formal legal action. We draw on in-depth interviews with youth and adults­which we interlace with our quantitative findings­to explore the interpretive dynamics underlying these survey findings, and we offer several theoretical and methodological implications of our work.

Family transitions and juvenile delinquency.

There is a large body of research that shows children from non-intact homes show higher rates of juvenile delinquency than children from intact homes, partially due to weaker parental control and supervision in non-intact homes. What has not been adequately addressed in the research is the influence of changes in family structure among individual adolescents over time on delinquent offending. Using the first and third waves of the National Youth Study, we assess the effect of family structure changes on changes in delinquent offending between waves through the intermediate process of changes in family time and parental attachment. Although prior research has documented adolescents in broken homes are more delinquent than youth in intact homes, the process of family dissolution is not associated with concurrent increases in offending. In contrast, family formation through marriage or cohabitation is associated with simultaneous increases in offending. Changes in family time and parental attachment account for a portion of the family formation effect on delinquency, and prior parental attachment and juvenile offending significantly condition the effect of family formation on offending.

Gender and the transmission of civic engagement: assessing the influences on youth civic activity.

The study of civic activity has become a central focus for many social scientists over the past decade, generating considerable research and debate. Previous studies have largely overlooked the role of youth socialization into civic life, most notably in the settings of home and school. Further, differences along gender lines in civic capacity have not been given sufficient attention in past studies. This study adds to the literature by examining the potential pathways in the development of youth civic activity and potential, utilizing both gender-neutral and gender-specific structural equation modeling of data from the 1996 National Household Education Survey. Results indicate that involvement by parents in their child's schooling plays a crucial, mediating role in the relationship between adult and youth civic activity. Gender differences are minimal; thus adult school involvement is crucial for transmitting civic culture from parents to both female and male youth.

"Use" them or "lose" them: engaging Liberia's disconnected youth through socio-political integration .

The war that ravaged Liberia between 1989 and 2003 had myriad causes and belligerents, but there can be little question of the demographic cohort that provided the manpower for the war machine: youth. Young, disconnected Liberians became easy recruits to the conflict's warring factions as they sought a sense of importance and independence away from the cultural background that marginalized them. Building on qualitative field research in Liberia, this article bridges its primary case study with theory and secondary data, to examine the threat of post-war re-marginalization and disengagement of youth in the country. The article argues that economic reintegration programmes have not addressed issues of youth empowerment directly enough, and that targeted political and social engagement strategies from a vertical and horizontal integration perspective would be more effective in the re-engagement of youth in civilian life.