TGF-ß1 and CD68 immunoexpression in capsules formed by textured implants with and without mesh coverage: a study on female rats

Purpose: To evaluate fibrosis formation and number of macrophages in capsules formed around textured implants without and with mesh coverage. Methods: Fibrosis was analyzed through transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-ß1) immunomarker expression and the number of macrophages through CD68 percentage of cells in magnified field. Sixty female Wistar rats were distributed into two groups of 30 rats (unmeshed and meshed). Each group was then subdivided into two subgroups for postoperative evaluation after 30 and 90 days. The p value was adjusted by Bonferroni lower than 0.012. Results: No difference was observed in fibrosis between meshed and unmeshed groups (30 days p = 0.436; 90 days p = 0.079) and from 30 to 90 days in the unmeshed group (p = 0.426). The meshed group showed higher fibrosis on the 90th day (p = 0.001). The number of macrophages was similar between groups without and with mesh coverage (30 days p = 0.218; 90 days p = 0.044), and similar between subgroups 30 and 90 days (unmeshed p = 0.085; meshed p = 0.059). Conclusions: In the meshed group, fibrosis formation was higher at 90 days and the mesh-covered implants produced capsules similar to microtextured ones when analyzing macrophages. Due to these characteristics, mesh coating did not seem to significantly affect the local fibrosis formation.

Microsurgical arterial anastomosis in young and adult rats: an evolutive and comparative study

Purpose: To evaluate the caliber of an arterial micro-anastomosis in the young growing animal using a continuous suture technique. Additionally, late morphological changes and blood flows distal to the anastomosis were evaluated. Methods: Seventy-four Wistar rats were submitted to laparotomy to access the aorta for blood flow measurement. The aorta was sectioned using microsurgery technique and an end-to-end anastomosis with continuous suture. After a period of six months to one year, the anastomosis was checked. Results: Regarding the size of the aortas, comparing the pre- and postoperative values, there was an increase of 13.33% in adult animals and 25% in young animals, without any difference in the blood flows. Conclusions: The arteries of young rats show signs of growth at the site of the anastomosis performed with continuous suture.

Therapeutic laser with or without andiroba oil in treating cutaneous wounds by second intention in Wistar rats / Laser terapêutico associado ou não ao óleo de andiroba no tratamento de feridas cutâneas por segunda intenção em ratos Wistar

This studys objective was to evaluate the efficacy of treating cutaneous wounds in Wistar rats using a therapeutic laser alone or in combination with topical application of andiroba oil. Twenty-four Wistar rats were distributed into three groups (T4, T7, and T14) of eight animals. To prepare the wounds, a total of four skin fragments per animal were removed using an 8-mm cutaneous biopsy punch. Each animal was inflicted with four surgical wounds, and each wound was subjected to one treatment. The treatments were as follows: saline solution (control, Cn); laser therapy (L), using a 660-nm laser wavelength and 10-J/cm² energy density; fresh andiroba oil (An); laser therapy followed by topical andiroba oil administration (LAn). All treatments in all animals were conducted for 4- (T4), 7- (T7), and 14- (T14) day periods. Edema and purulent secretion were observed in three animals in the An group, and the appearance of an exuberant crust was also observed in one animal from the same group. The LAn group presented the worst wound healing rate and contraction velocity (p < 0.05). Microscopically, there was no difference between groups regarding the presence of inflammation, necrosis, formation of granulation tissue, fibroplasia, and the presence of types 1 and 3 collagen at different treatment times. It was concluded that laser treatment of cutaneous wounds in conjunction with andiroba oil application did not present benefits in reference to the 0.9% NaCl.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do tratamento de feridas cutâneas em ratos Wistar utilizando o laser terapêutico em associação ou não com o óleo de andiroba. Vinte e quatro ratos foram avaliados em três tempos de tratamento (T4, T7 e T17), sendo oito animais em cada tempo. Para a realização das feridas cirúrgicas, quatro fragmentos de pele foram removidos com punch de biopsia de 8 milímetros. Cada animal recebeu quatro feridas e cada ferida foi tratada com um tra-tamento: solução salina (controle, Cn); laserterapia (L), usando um laser com comprimento de onda de 660nm e 10J/cm2 de densidade de energia; óleo de andiroba in natura (An); e laserterapia seguida pela administratação tópica de óleo de andiroba (LAn). Todos os tratamentos foram realizados e avaliados nos dias quatro (T4), sete (T7) e 14 (T14) de pós operatório. Foram observados edema e secreção purulenta em três animais do grupo An, e a presença de crosta exuberante também foi obervada em um animais do mesmo grupo. O grupo LAn apresentou a pior cicatraização e velocidade de contração da ferida (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença entre os grupos à avaliação microscópica da presença de inflamação, necrose, formação de tecido de gra-nulação, fibroplasia e presença de colágeno tipo 1 e tipo 3 nos diferentes tempos de tratamento. Foi possível concluir que o tratamento com laseterapia em associação ao óleo de andiroba não apresentou benefícios em relação a utilização da solução de cloreto de sódio a 0,9%.(AU)

Copaiba oil-resin (Copaifera langsdorfii Desf: Caesalpiniaceae) associated with laser therapy for skin wound treatment in Wistar rats / Óleo resina de copaíba (Copaifera langsdorfii Desf: Caesalpiniaceae) associada a laserterapia para o tratamento de feridas cutâneas em ratos Wistar

Alternative protocols for the treatment of skin lesions have been developed with the use of techniques such as photobiomodulation and phytotherapy, aiming to optimize this process. To evaluate the effectiveness of copaiba (Copaiferalangsdorffii) oil-resin and low-level laser therapy for treating cutaneous wounds, 15 Wistar rats (Rattusnorvergicus) were used, in whom five 8-mm lesions were produced. The following protocols were applied: negative control group (T1); positive control group (T2); laser therapy with AsGa (904 nm), continuous, focal mode for 10 s, dosage of 4 J/cm² (T3); copaiba oil-resin (T4); and association group (copaiba and low-level laser) (T5). The efficacy of each technique was evaluated based on macroscopic aspects of the lesion, wound healing rate, and histopathological analysis (inflammatory infiltrate and collagen expression). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analyses (P> 0.05). Copaiba treatment showed an advantage in type III collagen expression, whereas laser therapy demonstrated an enhanced capacity for tissue regeneration. The significant advantage obtained from the association treatment is the improvement of the macroscopic aspect of the wound, with a reduction in crust formation.(AU)

Protocolos alternativos para o tratamento de feridas cutâneas têm sido desenvolvidos com a utilização de técnicas como a fotobiomodulação e fitoterapia, objetivando acelerar esse processo. Com o objetivo de avaliar a efetividade do óleo--resina de copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii) e do laser terapêutico no tratamento de feridas cutâneas foram selecionados 15 ratos Wistar (Rattus norvergicus), nos quais foram produzidas cinco lesões cutâneas de 8mm. Os tratamentos empregados foram: controle negativo (T1); controle positivo (T2); laserterapia com AsGa (9,04nm) no modo contínuo, de maneira focal, com duração de 10 segundos e dosimetria de 4 J/cm² (T3); óleo resina de copaiba (T4) e a associação dos tratamentos (copaiba e laserterapia) (T5). A eficácia de cada técnica foi avaliada com base nos aspectos macroscópicos das lesões, taxa de cicatriza-ção e análise histopatológica (infiltrado inflamatório e expressão do colágeno). Os dados obtidos foram analisados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis (P>0,05). O tratamento com a copaíba mostrou vantagem na expressão do colágeno tipo III, enquanto a laserterapia demonstrou aumento da capacidade de regeneração tecidual. A vantagem significativa obtida pela associação dos tratamentos foi a melhora do aspecto macroscópico da ferida, com redução na formação de crostas.(AU)

Copaiba oil-resin (Copaifera langsdorfii Desf: Caesalpiniaceae) associated with laser therapy for skin wound treatment in Wistar rats / Óleo resina de copaíba (Copaifera langsdorfii Desf: Caesalpiniaceae) associada a laserterapia para o tratamento de feridas cutâneas em ratos Wistar

Alternative protocols for the treatment of skin lesions have been developed with the use of techniques such as photobiomodulation and phytotherapy, aiming to optimize this process. To evaluate the effectiveness of copaiba (Copaiferalangsdorffii) oil-resin and low-level laser therapy for treating cutaneous wounds, 15 Wistar rats (Rattusnorvergicus) were used, in whom five 8-mm lesions were produced. The following protocols were applied: negative control group (T1); positive control group (T2); laser therapy with AsGa (904 nm), continuous, focal mode for 10 s, dosage of 4 J/cm² (T3); copaiba oil-resin (T4); and association group (copaiba and low-level laser) (T5). The efficacy of each technique was evaluated based on macroscopic aspects of the lesion, wound healing rate, and histopathological analysis (inflammatory infiltrate and collagen expression). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analyses (P> 0.05). Copaiba treatment showed an advantage in type III collagen expression, whereas laser therapy demonstrated an enhanced capacity for tissue regeneration. The significant advantage obtained from the association treatment is the improvement of the macroscopic aspect of the wound, with a reduction in crust formation.

Protocolos alternativos para o tratamento de feridas cutâneas têm sido desenvolvidos com a utilização de técnicas como a fotobiomodulação e fitoterapia, objetivando acelerar esse processo. Com o objetivo de avaliar a efetividade do óleo--resina de copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii) e do laser terapêutico no tratamento de feridas cutâneas foram selecionados 15 ratos Wistar (Rattus norvergicus), nos quais foram produzidas cinco lesões cutâneas de 8mm. Os tratamentos empregados foram: controle negativo (T1); controle positivo (T2); laserterapia com AsGa (9,04nm) no modo contínuo, de maneira focal, com duração de 10 segundos e dosimetria de 4 J/cm² (T3); óleo resina de copaiba (T4) e a associação dos tratamentos (copaiba e laserterapia) (T5). A eficácia de cada técnica foi avaliada com base nos aspectos macroscópicos das lesões, taxa de cicatriza-ção e análise histopatológica (infiltrado inflamatório e expressão do colágeno). Os dados obtidos foram analisados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis (P>0,05). O tratamento com a copaíba mostrou vantagem na expressão do colágeno tipo III, enquanto a laserterapia demonstrou aumento da capacidade de regeneração tecidual. A vantagem significativa obtida pela associação dos tratamentos foi a melhora do aspecto macroscópico da ferida, com redução na formação de crostas.

Therapeutic laser with or without andiroba oil in treating cutaneous wounds by second intention in Wistar rats / Laser terapêutico associado ou não ao óleo de andiroba no tratamento de feridas cutâneas por segunda intenção em ratos Wistar

This study’s objective was to evaluate the efficacy of treating cutaneous wounds in Wistar rats using a therapeutic laser alone or in combination with topical application of andiroba oil. Twenty-four Wistar rats were distributed into three groups (T4, T7, and T14) of eight animals. To prepare the wounds, a total of four skin fragments per animal were removed using an 8-mm cutaneous biopsy punch. Each animal was inflicted with four surgical wounds, and each wound was subjected to one treatment. The treatments were as follows: saline solution (control, Cn); laser therapy (L), using a 660-nm laser wavelength and 10-J/cm² energy density; fresh andiroba oil (An); laser therapy followed by topical andiroba oil administration (LAn). All treatments in all animals were conducted for 4- (T4), 7- (T7), and 14- (T14) day periods. Edema and purulent secretion were observed in three animals in the An group, and the appearance of an exuberant crust was also observed in one animal from the same group. The LAn group presented the worst wound healing rate and contraction velocity (p < 0.05). Microscopically, there was no difference between groups regarding the presence of inflammation, necrosis, formation of granulation tissue, fibroplasia, and the presence of types 1 and 3 collagen at different treatment times. It was concluded that laser treatment of cutaneous wounds in conjunction with andiroba oil application did not present benefits in reference to the 0.9% NaCl.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do tratamento de feridas cutâneas em ratos Wistar utilizando o laser terapêutico em associação ou não com o óleo de andiroba. Vinte e quatro ratos foram avaliados em três tempos de tratamento (T4, T7 e T17), sendo oito animais em cada tempo. Para a realização das feridas cirúrgicas, quatro fragmentos de pele foram removidos com punch de biopsia de 8 milímetros. Cada animal recebeu quatro feridas e cada ferida foi tratada com um tra-tamento: solução salina (controle, Cn); laserterapia (L), usando um laser com comprimento de onda de 660nm e 10J/cm2 de densidade de energia; óleo de andiroba in natura (An); e laserterapia seguida pela administratação tópica de óleo de andiroba (LAn). Todos os tratamentos foram realizados e avaliados nos dias quatro (T4), sete (T7) e 14 (T14) de pós operatório. Foram observados edema e secreção purulenta em três animais do grupo An, e a presença de crosta exuberante também foi obervada em um animais do mesmo grupo. O grupo LAn apresentou a pior cicatraização e velocidade de contração da ferida (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença entre os grupos à avaliação microscópica da presença de inflamação, necrose, formação de tecido de gra-nulação, fibroplasia e presença de colágeno tipo 1 e tipo 3 nos diferentes tempos de tratamento. Foi possível concluir que o tratamento com laseterapia em associação ao óleo de andiroba não apresentou benefícios em relação a utilização da solução de cloreto de sódio a 0,9%.

Comparative study of four different types of intraperitoneal mesh prostheses in rats

Purpose: To compare four types of mesh regarding visceral adhesions, inflammatory response and incorporation. Methods: Sixty Wistar rats were divided into four groups, with different meshes implanted intraperitoneally: polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE group); polypropylene with polydioxanone and oxidized cellulose (PCD); polypropylene (PM) and polypropylene with silicone (PMS). The variables analyzed were: area covered by adhesions, incorporation of the mesh and inflammatory reaction (evaluated histologically and by COX2 immunochemistry). Results: The PMS group had the lowest adhesion area (63.1%) and grade 1 adhesions. The ePTFE and PM groups presented almost the total area of their surface covered by adherences (99.8% and 97.7% respectively).The group ePTFE had the highest percentage of area without incorporation (42%; p <0.001) with no difference between the other meshes. The PMS group had the best incorporation rate. And the histological analysis revealed that the inflammation scores were significantly different. Conclusions: The PM mesh had higher density of adherences, larger area of adherences, adherences to organs and percentage of incorporation. ePTFE had the higher area of adherences and lower incorporation. The PMS mesh performed best in the inflammation score, had a higher incorporation and lower area of adherences, and it was considered the best type of mesh.(AU)

Pretreatment of hepatetctomized rats with Coleus forskohlii did not interfere with the course of hepatic hyperplasia

Purpose: Coleus forskohlii Briq., a medicinal plant originally from India, has been indicated against heart disease, expiratory disorders, convulsions, and hepatic changes, among others. In view of the broad pharmacological potential of the plant and the scarce information about its effects, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of its use for pretreatment of partially hepatectomized rats. Methods: The animals were divided into two experimental groups: Control (CG) receiving physiological saline for 10 days before partial hepatetctomy, and Treated (TG) receiving 40 mg Coleus forskohlii/kg/day for 10 days before partial hepatectomy. The treatments were performed by gastric gavage. After the surgical procedure, treatment was continued according to the following groups: CG 24 h, CG 48 h, TG 24 h, and TG 48 hs, and liver tissue and intracardiac blood samples were obtained for histological and biochemical analysis, respectively. Results: No significant differences were observed in mitotic or apoptotic index or in the concentrations of the enzymes AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase, and no areas of fibrosis were detected. Conclusion: Treatment with Coleus forskohlii did not interfere with the course of hepatic hyperplasia.(AU)

Bioceramic cement in the filling of bone defects in rats

Purpose: To evaluate PBS®MCIMMO cement in the filling of bone defects. Methods: Thirty-six adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of twelve individuals each (group 1, group 2 and group 3). In all groups, a bone failure in the femur was induced, 2.0 mm wide and 7.0 mm deep. In group 1, the PBS®MCIMMO cement was applied to the bone defect produced and a titanium implant (CONNECTION®) 1.5 mm thick and 6 mm long was installed. In group 2, only the PBS® CIMMO cement was installed. In group 3, only bone failure was performed. Kruskal Wallis tests were performed to compare the mean area among the three groups. Results: In all comparisons, significance was observed for group 2 (p = 0.0014–0.0026). Conclusion: The PBS®CIMMO cement induced bone neoformation, and integration between the newly formed bone, cement, and implant was observed.(AU)

Use of derived adipose stem cells to reduce complications of cutaneous scarring in smokers. An experimental model in rats

Purpose: To evaluate the use of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) in reducing the necrosis area in an experimental model of cutaneous ischemic flap in rats submitted to subcutaneous nicotine injection to simulate a smoker patient. Methods: In an experimental study, 30 rats were enrolled and divided into two experimental groups of 15 animals all submitted to a subcutaneous nicotine injection to create ischemic cutaneous flaps on their backs. Other 10 animals were used only to obtain adipose tissue derived stem cells (ADSC). The first group (n=15) received ADSC treatment at the end of surgery while the other group, the control (n=15), received no other interventions. After euthanasia, a decal was performed on the whole area of the flap, accurately defining the transition from necrosis to healthy region. Photos of all animals were collected and evaluated by scales standardized by Paint-Autocad- 2015 software to define the area of flap necrosis in each rat. Student T test was performed to compare the groups, considering a p< 0.05 significant. Data were analyzed using SPSS IBM® 18 version. Results: Through the analysis of the images by the program Paint-Autocad-2015 and the area of decal obtained by the transparent sheet, we obtained a mean of 46% necrosis of the total area of the flap in the treatment group and 69.4% in the control group. In the descriptive analysis, a mean of 3.7 cm of necrosis CI 95% (3.2 - 4.2) was evident in the treatment group whereas a mean value of 5.56 CI 95% (5.2 - 5.9) was found in control group, with p value <0.001 for this comparison. Conclusion: The application of adipose-derived stem cells reduces the percentage of necrosis in an experimental model of randomized cutaneous flap in rats submitted to subcutaneous nicotine injection.(AU)

Is the colon mucosa affected by ten days of gastric restriction in an animal model?

Purpose: To identify whether the colon mucosa is affected by ten days of gastric restriction in an animal model. Methods: An experimental model of gastric restriction was devised using rats. The animals were submitted to surgical gastrostomy, and a cylindrical loofah was inserted into the stomach. We studied 30 adult male Wistar rats divided into three groups: the stomach restriction group (R10); the sham group (S10), which underwent the same procedure except for the loofah insertion; and the control group (C10). The expression of neutral and acid mucins was evaluated using histochemical techniques. Goblet cells and protein content were compared between groups using generalized estimation equations (GEEs). Bonferronis multiple comparison was applied to identify differences between the groups. All tests considered a 5% significance level. Results: There was an increased expression of neutral mucins, acid mucins and goblet cells in the R10 group. Collagen was also enhanced in the R10 group. Conclusion: The colon mucosa is affected by ten days of gastric restriction in an animal model, increasing neutral mucins, acid mucins and collagen content with trophic maintenance.(AU)

Comparative study of peritoneal adhesions after intraperitoneal implantation in rats of meshes of polypropylene versus polypropylene/polyglecaprone versus polyester/porcine collagen

Purpose: To compare the extent and intensity of adhesions formed between the intra-abdominal organs and the intraperitoneal implants of polypropylene mesh versus polypropylene/polyglecaprone versus polyester/porcine collagen used for correction of abdominal wall defect in rats. Methods: After the defect in the abdominal wall, thirty Wistar rats were placed in three groups (ten animals each) for intraperitoneal mesh implant: polypropylene group, polypropylene/polyglecaprone group, and polyester/porcine collagen group. The macroscopic evaluation of the extent and intensity of adhesions was performed 21 days after the implant. Results: The polypropylene group had a higher statistically significant impairment due to visceral adhesions (p value = 0.002) and a higher degree of intense adherence in relation to polypropylene/polyglecaprone and polyester/porcine collagen groups (p value<0.001). The polyester/porcine collagen group showed more intense adhesions than the polypropylene/polyglecaprone group (p value=0.035). Conclusions: The intraperitoneal implantation of polypropylene meshes to correct defects of the abdominal wall caused the appearance of extensive and firm adhesions to intra-abdominal structures. The use of polypropylene/polyglecaprone or polyester/porcine collagen tissue-separating meshes reduces the number and degree of adhesions formed.(AU)

The role of ischemic preconditioning in the expression of apoptosis-related genes in a rat model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury

Purpose: To analyze the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in the expression of apoptosis-related genes in rat small intestine subjected to ischemia and reperfusion.Methods: Thirty anesthetized rats underwent laparotomy and were drive into five groups: control (CG); ischemia (IG); ischemia and reperfusion (IRG); IPC and ischemia (IG+IPC); IPC and ischemia and reperfusion (I/RG+IPC). Intestinal ischemia was performed by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 60 minutes, whereas reperfusion lasted for 120 minutes. IPC was carried out by one cycle of 5 minutes of ischemia followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion prior to the prolonged 60-minutes-ischemia and 120-minutes-reperfusion. Thereafter, the rats were euthanized and samples of small intestine were processed for histology and gene expression. Results: Histology of myenteric plexus showed a higher presence of neurons presenting pyknotic nuclei and condensed chromatin in the IG and IRG. IG+IPC and I/RG+IPC groups exhibited neurons with preserved volume and nuclei, along with significant up-regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2l1 and down-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes. Moreover, Bax/Bcl2 ratio was lower in the groups subjected to IPC, indicating a protective effect of IPC against apoptosis. Conclusion: Ischemic preconditioning protect rat small intestine against ischemia/reperfusion injury, reducing morphologic lesions and apoptosis.(AU)

Método de dissecação da sexta vértebra lombar do rato Winstar / Method of dissection of the sixth vertebra lumbar winstar mouse

A dissecação tem importância fundamental no aprendizado da Anatomia Topográfica, na capacitação das habilidades, no desenvolvimento de várias condutas clínicas e no campo da pesquisa experimental. A dissecção na área da anatomia é o ato de explorar, através de cortes ou extração, para possibilitar a visualização anatômica dos órgãos e regiões que existem em seres animais e assim possibilitar o seu estudo. Esse trabalho teve por objetivo o desenvolvimento e a descrição da técnica de retirada da sexta vértebra lombar. Essa prática poderá aumentar as habilidades de dissecção dos alunos envolvidos, bem como, produzir material ilustrativo em arquivo para ilustração de trabalhos científicos e a realização de medidas especificas trazidas dos conceitos antropométricos relacionados nas vértebras. Todos os princípios éticos sobre experimentação e manipulação animal foram respeitados pelas regras do Comitê de Ética para o Uso de Animais, da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), sob o protocolo nº 1122178 de 05/10/2017. Foram utilizados 2 ratos machos albinos da linhagem Wistar, com aproximadamente 60 dias de vida e peso médio de 250g±50g, provenientes do centro de climatização da UECE. Os animais eram mantidos em ciclo claro/escuro (12h/12h), em ambiente com temperatura controlada entre 22 a 25 °C, e com ração e água ad libitum. Como observado na descrição da nossa metodologia de dissecação, todo o tecido ósseo da vertebra L6 pode ser explorado, bem como, a suposição de análises comparativas quanto as propriedades físicas aplicadas à coluna vertebral, durante exercícios físicos ou processos degenerativos. Com essa técnica de retirada da sexta vertebra lombar do rato, conseguimos viabilizar o uso das vertebras na pesquisa experimental. Assim foram realizadas algumas medidas morfometrias como: distância entre os processos transversos, distância entre o corpo vertebral e o processo espinhoso, largura do corpo vertebral, altura do...(AU)

Dissection is of fundamental importance in the learning of Topographic Anatomy and in the training of the skills and development of several clinical conducts and in the field of experimental research. Dissection in the area of the anatomy is the act of exploring, through cuts or extraction, to allow the anatomical visualization of the organs and regions that exist in animal beings and thus enable their study. To demonstrate the technique of removal of the sixth lumbar vertebra, as well as to increase the dissecting abilities of the students involved, to produce illustrative material in an archive for illustration of scientific work and to carry out specific measures brought about by the anthropometric concepts related to the vertebrae. All the ethical principles on animal experimentation and manipulation were respected by the rules of the Committee of Ethics for the Use of Animals of the State University of Ceará (UECE) under protocol # 1122178 of 10/5/2017. Two Wistar male albino rats with approximately 60 days of life and average weight of 250g±50g were used from the UECE air conditioning center. The animals were kept in a light / dark cycle (12h / 12h), in a temperature controlled environment between 22 to 25 °C, and with feed and water ad libitum. With this technique of removal of the sixth lumbar vertebra of the rat, we were able to make vertebrae viable in the experimental research. Thus, we perform some average morphometries such as: Distance between the transverse processes, distance between the vertebral body and the spinal process, vertebral body width, vertebral body height, vertebral disc area (mm). As observed in the description of our the entire bone tissue of the L6 vertebra can be explored, as well as the assumption of comparative analyzes of physical properties applied to the spine during physical exercises or degenerative processes.(AU)

Método de dissecação da sexta vértebra lombar do rato Winstar / Method of dissection of the sixth vertebra lumbar winstar mouse

A dissecação tem importância fundamental no aprendizado da Anatomia Topográfica, na capacitação das habilidades, no desenvolvimento de várias condutas clínicas e no campo da pesquisa experimental. A dissecção na área da anatomia é o ato de explorar, através de cortes ou extração, para possibilitar a visualização anatômica dos órgãos e regiões que existem em seres animais e assim possibilitar o seu estudo. Esse trabalho teve por objetivo o desenvolvimento e a descrição da técnica de retirada da sexta vértebra lombar. Essa prática poderá aumentar as habilidades de dissecção dos alunos envolvidos, bem como, produzir material ilustrativo em arquivo para ilustração de trabalhos científicos e a realização de medidas especificas trazidas dos conceitos antropométricos relacionados nas vértebras. Todos os princípios éticos sobre experimentação e manipulação animal foram respeitados pelas regras do Comitê de Ética para o Uso de Animais, da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), sob o protocolo nº 1122178 de 05/10/2017. Foram utilizados 2 ratos machos albinos da linhagem Wistar, com aproximadamente 60 dias de vida e peso médio de 250g±50g, provenientes do centro de climatização da UECE. Os animais eram mantidos em ciclo claro/escuro (12h/12h), em ambiente com temperatura controlada entre 22 a 25 °C, e com ração e água ad libitum. Como observado na descrição da nossa metodologia de dissecação, todo o tecido ósseo da vertebra L6 pode ser explorado, bem como, a suposição de análises comparativas quanto as propriedades físicas aplicadas à coluna vertebral, durante exercícios físicos ou processos degenerativos. Com essa técnica de retirada da sexta vertebra lombar do rato, conseguimos viabilizar o uso das vertebras na pesquisa experimental. Assim foram realizadas algumas medidas morfometrias como: distância entre os processos transversos, distância entre o corpo vertebral e o processo espinhoso, largura do corpo vertebral, altura do...

Dissection is of fundamental importance in the learning of Topographic Anatomy and in the training of the skills and development of several clinical conducts and in the field of experimental research. Dissection in the area of the anatomy is the act of exploring, through cuts or extraction, to allow the anatomical visualization of the organs and regions that exist in animal beings and thus enable their study. To demonstrate the technique of removal of the sixth lumbar vertebra, as well as to increase the dissecting abilities of the students involved, to produce illustrative material in an archive for illustration of scientific work and to carry out specific measures brought about by the anthropometric concepts related to the vertebrae. All the ethical principles on animal experimentation and manipulation were respected by the rules of the Committee of Ethics for the Use of Animals of the State University of Ceará (UECE) under protocol # 1122178 of 10/5/2017. Two Wistar male albino rats with approximately 60 days of life and average weight of 250g±50g were used from the UECE air conditioning center. The animals were kept in a light / dark cycle (12h / 12h), in a temperature controlled environment between 22 to 25 °C, and with feed and water ad libitum. With this technique of removal of the sixth lumbar vertebra of the rat, we were able to make vertebrae viable in the experimental research. Thus, we perform some average morphometries such as: Distance between the transverse processes, distance between the vertebral body and the spinal process, vertebral body width, vertebral body height, vertebral disc area (mm). As observed in the description of our the entire bone tissue of the L6 vertebra can be explored, as well as the assumption of comparative analyzes of physical properties applied to the spine during physical exercises or degenerative processes.

Preliminary study on the biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties of a new bovine bone graft / Estudio preliminar sobre las propiedades de biocompatibilidad y osteoconductividad de un nuevo injerto de hueso bovino

To prevent post-extraction resorption and preserve the integrity of the alveolar ridges, the placement of bone grafts at the time of extraction is recommended. Bovine bone grafts are biocompatibile and osteoconductive, allowing new bone apposition by osteoprogenitor cells. Although there are trademarks recognized internationally regarding bovine bone grafts, they are expensive and even difficult to acquire. Therefore, domestic industry development of high quality biomaterials will reduce the public health high costs in the dental field. Here, we evaluated and compared the effects of an Argentinean manufactured bovine bone graft (Synergy Bone Matrix) with a bovine bone graft recognized for its osteoconductive effects (Bio-Oss), on bone healing in an experimental model in rats. We created critical sized bone defects in rat tibiae and filled them with either one of the bovine bone grafts or control. Clinical responses, X-ray findings, bone mineral density, and histological parameters were evaluated. No abscess, encapsulation, suppuration or inflammation of lymphatic nodes were observed. Radiographically, all implants were amalgamated to the surrounding bony margins, suggesting proper healing. On the other hand, control tibiae exhibited no signs of recovery and remained either unfilled or showed fibrous tissue formation. No statistical differences were observed in BMC and BMD between tibiae filled with Synergy Bone Matrix or Bio-Oss. Histological analysis revealed particles of both bone grafts surrounded by laminar bone tissue indicating osteoconductivity, without any inflammatory sign. This preliminary study suggests that Synergy Bone Matrix, as well as Bio-Oss, present similar properties of biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. (AU)

Para prevenir la resorción post-exodoncia y preservar la integridad de los rebordes alveolares, se recomienda la colocación de injertos óseos en el momento de la extracción. Los injertos de hueso bovino son biocompatibles y osteoconductivos, permitiendo nueva aposición ósea por células osteoprogenitoras. Existen marcas internacionales de injertos de hueso bovino, pero resultan caros e incluso difíciles de adquirir. Por ello, la elaboración de biomateriales de alta calidad, nacionales, reduciría los altos costos de salud pública en odontología. En este estudio, se evaluaron y compararon los efectos de un injerto de hueso bovino fabricado en Argentina (Synergy Bone Matrix) versus un injerto de hueso bovino reconocido por sus efectos osteoconductivos (Bio-Oss), en el proceso de cicatrización ósea en un modelo experimental en ratas. Para ello, creamos un defecto óseo crítico en tibia de rata el cual se rellenó con uno de los injertos de hueso bovino o control. Se evaluó: respuesta clínica y radiográfica, densidad mineral ósea e histología. No se observaron abscesos, encapsulación, supuración o inflamación de los ganglios linfáticos. Radiográficamente, todos los implantes se integraron a los márgenes óseos circundantes, sugiriendo una cicatrización adecuada. Por el contrario, las tibias control no mostraron signos de recuperación con formación de tejido fibroso. No se observaron diferencias estadísticas en las BMC y BMD entre las tibias Synergy Bone Matrix o Bio-Oss. La histología reveló partículas de ambos injertos óseos rodeadas por tejido óseo laminar indicando osteoconductividad sin signos inflamatorios. Este estudio preliminar sugiere que Synergy Bone Matrix presenta propiedades similares de biocompatibilidad y osteoconductividad que Bio-Oss. (AU)

Aplicação da membrana de látex natural e do extrato da pele de rã (Lithobates catesbiana) em feridas cirúrgicas cutâneas de ratos Wistar / Application of natural latex membrane and extract of frog skin (Lithobates catesbiana) (Shaw, 1802) in cutaneous surgical wounds of Wistar rats

Implantou-se a membrana de látex natural e o extrato da pele de rã individualmente e em conjunto em feridas cutâneas de ratos com o intuito de se avaliar o processo de reparação tecidual e possíveis complicações. Utilizou-se 60 ratos da linhagem Wistar divididos em grupos experimentais: grupo controle (GC), grupo membrana de látex (GM), grupo óleo do extrato da pele de rã (GO) e grupo membrana de látex e óleo de rã (GMO), cada um com 15 animais. Aos três, cinco, sete, 14 e 21 dias de pós-operatório, foi realizada eutanásia dos animais para avaliações macroscópicas e histológicas da região lesionada. Nas feridas dos animais do GM e do GC a cicatrização ocorreu mais cedo, no último tempo de avaliação o sinal de lesão era mínimo, já no GMO, a cicatrização não foi completa e no GO a ferida teve o pior resultado, com presença de crosta no 21º dia. Foram observadas, à microscopia de luz, células normais envolvidas no processo de reparação tecidual e formação de neovasos em todos os grupos.  Conclui-se que em todos os grupos não houve rejeição dos biomateriais testados, todavia o grupo GM proporcionou melhor cicatrização com menos efeitos adversos quando comparada aos demais grupos testados.(AU)

In this study, the membrane of the natural latex and extract of the skin frog, isolated and together, where implanted to replacea cutaneous in the mice, with purpose for evaluating the tissue repair process and possible complication. Sixty Wistar rats eredivided in four experimental groups: control group (GC), membrane of the latex group (GM), oil of the frog group (GO) and groupmembrane of latex with oil of the frog group (GMO), each one with 15 animals. The animals were euthanized at three, five, seven,14 and 21 days post-operative, followed by macroscopic and microscopic evaluations of the area of the lesion. In the wounds ofthe GM and GC, healing occurred earlier, in the latter evaluation time the signal was minimal injury, in the GMO healing was notcomplete and the wound GO had the worst outcome with presence of crust on the 21st day. There were observed by microscopic,normal cells involved in the tissue repair process and neovascularization in all groups. We conclude that in all groups there wasno rejection of the biomaterials tested, however the GM group gave better healing with fewer adverse effects when compared to the other groups tested.(AU)

Biomodulation effects of LED and therapeutic ultrasound combined with semipermeable dressing in the repair process of cutaneous lesions in rats

PURPOSE:To compare the biomodulatory effects of LED and ultrasound combined with semipermeable dressing in the repair of cutaneous lesions.METHODS:Eighty-four Wistar rats were submitted to surgical injury (2.5 cm) and divided into four groups (n=21): Group I (control), Group II (LED therapy, LED), Group III (LED therapy + dressing, LED+D) and Group IV (ultrasound + dressing, US+D). At seven, 14 and 21 days, the animals were euthanized, and the specimens of interest removed for histological analysis.RESULTS:Histological and histomorphometric analysis revealed a greater percent wound regression in animals receiving the dressing (group III: 55.97; group IV: 53.06), as well as a greater reduction in the inflammatory infiltrate (group III: 29.14; group IV: 31.71) since day 7. A later effect, with progression of the tissue repair process only after 14 and 21 days, was observed in the LED group intense fibroblast proliferation and greater collagen fiber production and organization were seen in the LED+D and US+D groups compared to the other groups.CONCLUSION:LED combined with a dressing was more effective at accelerating in the repair of cutaneous lesions.(AU)

Aplicação da membrana de látex natural e do extrato da pele de rã (Lithobates catesbiana) em feridas cirúrgicas cutâneas de ratos Wistar / Application of natural latex membrane and extract of frog skin (Lithobates catesbiana) (Shaw, 1802) in cutaneous surgical wounds of Wistar rats

Implantou-se a membrana de látex natural e o extrato da pele de rã individualmente e em conjunto em feridas cutâneas de ratos com o intuito de se avaliar o processo de reparação tecidual e possíveis complicações. Utilizou-se 60 ratos da linhagem Wistar divididos em grupos experimentais: grupo controle (GC), grupo membrana de látex (GM), grupo óleo do extrato da pele de rã (GO) e grupo membrana de látex e óleo de rã (GMO), cada um com 15 animais. Aos três, cinco, sete, 14 e 21 dias de pós-operatório, foi realizada eutanásia dos animais para avaliações macroscópicas e histológicas da região lesionada. Nas feridas dos animais do GM e do GC a cicatrização ocorreu mais cedo, no último tempo de avaliação o sinal de lesão era mínimo, já no GMO, a cicatrização não foi completa e no GO a ferida teve o pior resultado, com presença de crosta no 21º dia. Foram observadas, à microscopia de luz, células normais envolvidas no processo de reparação tecidual e formação de neovasos em todos os grupos.  Conclui-se que em todos os grupos não houve rejeição dos biomateriais testados, todavia o grupo GM proporcionou melhor cicatrização com menos efeitos adversos quando comparada aos demais grupos testados.

In this study, the membrane of the natural latex and extract of the skin frog, isolated and together, where implanted to replacea cutaneous in the mice, with purpose for evaluating the tissue repair process and possible complication. Sixty Wistar rats eredivided in four experimental groups: control group (GC), membrane of the latex group (GM), oil of the frog group (GO) and groupmembrane of latex with oil of the frog group (GMO), each one with 15 animals. The animals were euthanized at three, five, seven,14 and 21 days post-operative, followed by macroscopic and microscopic evaluations of the area of the lesion. In the wounds ofthe GM and GC, healing occurred earlier, in the latter evaluation time the signal was minimal injury, in the GMO healing was notcomplete and the wound GO had the worst outcome with presence of crust on the 21st day. There were observed by microscopic,normal cells involved in the tissue repair process and neovascularization in all groups. We conclude that in all groups there wasno rejection of the biomaterials tested, however the GM group gave better healing with fewer adverse effects when compared to the other groups tested.

Is a 5 mm rat calvarium defect really critical? / Um defeito de 5 mm em calota craniana de rato é realmente critico?

PURPOSE: To evaluate bone regeneration in critical defects in the rats' calvarium. METHODS: Eighteen rats Wistar were divided into three groups of six animals each according to the time of evaluation (15, 30 and 60 days). One calvarium defect of 5mm was made in the parietal bone of each animal under general anesthesia. After the time of evaluation, the animals were killed, when the bone was histological studied and classified according to the type of tissue found: fibrosis or bone. RESULTS: The results showed that in the group of 15 days, in five animals there was only fibrosis. In the group of 30 days, the process of regeneration was growing and in four animals was found bone, in three with partial filling and in the other one with complete filling of the defect. In the group of 60 days, out of the three animals with bone, two had a complete filling of the defect. CONCLUSIONS: There was no bone regeneration in critical defects in 15 days. There was regeneration in the most part of the animals in 30 and 60 days.(AU)

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a regeneração óssea de defeitos críticos em calota craniana de ratos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 18 ratos Wistar que foram distribuídos em três grupos de acordo com o tempo de avaliação (15, 30 e 60 dias). Na calota craniana desses animais foi realizado defeito de 5mm, após anestesia geral prévia. Após o tempo de avaliação, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia e a calota foi enviada para estudo histológico, quando foi classificada de acordo o tecido encontrado: fibroso ou ósseo. RESULTADOS: Diante dos achados deste estudo, pode-se observar que para o grupo de 15 dias na maioria dos animais, n=5, foi encontrado apenas fibrose. Com o passar do tempo de avaliação, no grupo de 30 dias, o processo de reparo foi evoluindo e em quatro animais já foi encontrado osso, sendo em três com preenchimento parcial e em um completo. No grupo de 60 dias, o processo praticamente permaneceu o mesmo, onde em três animais foi encontrado osso, e, desses, em dois o preenchimento foi completo. CONCLUSÕES: Não houve regeneração óssea do defeito crítico para o período de avaliação de 15 dias. Houve regeneração óssea em grande parte dos animais para o período de avaliação de 30 e 60 dias.(AU)