RESUMEN
Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in young children; however, its pathogenesis and immunity are not completely understood. Even less well recognized is rotavirus-induced central nervous system (CNS) involvement, which has been associated with seizure, encephalopathy and death, among others. To elucidate the host response to rotavirus infection, we retrospectively examined neurotransmitter amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 19 children with CNS involvement associated with rotavirus infection. Subjects were classified into two groups: those with encephalopathy followed by prolonged seizure (encephalopathy group) and those who had experienced afebrile, brief cluster of seizures without encephalopathy (cluster group). The levels of glutamate, glycine, and taurine in the encephalopathy group were significantly higher than those in the cluster group. Increased levels of excitatory amino acids in the CSF may induce neurological disorders and be related to disorder severity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding amino acids in the CSF obtained from patients with rotavirus-induced CNS involvement. Further study is necessary to elucidate the role of CSF amino acid levels in rotavirus-induced CNS involvement.
Asunto(s)
Encefalopatías/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Encefalopatías/virología , Aminoácidos Excitadores/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Infecciones por Rotavirus/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Infecciones por Rotavirus/virología , Rotavirus/fisiología , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Ácido Glutámico/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Humanos , Lactante , MasculinoAsunto(s)
Ganglios Basales/fisiopatología , Encefalomielitis/virología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/complicaciones , Convulsiones/etiología , Encefalomielitis/fisiopatología , Humanos , Lactante , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Infecciones por Rotavirus/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Infecciones por Rotavirus/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Rotavirus is an ubiquitous virus associated with severe gastro-enteritis in children under 2 years of age. However, serious conditions, including central nervous system involvement, have been associated with rotavirus infection. We investigated the clinical signs and symptoms of rotavirus infection in 156 neonates, specifically focusing on neurological signs. Neurological signs identified were apnoea, jitteriness, convulsions and poor sucking. Of the 156 babies, 66 were rotavirus-positive and 90 rotavirus-negative. In the rotavirus-positive group, 19.7% manifested apnoea compared with 22.2% in the rotavirus-negative group. The other three symptoms occurred in <10% of the neonates. Rotavirus dsRNA was detected by RT-PCR in the CSF of two. One had apnoea, the other no CNS symptoms. Although rotavirus infection in neonates is hardly ever asymptomatic and may cause death, it has not been associated with CNS symptomatology in our studies.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Virales del Sistema Nervioso Central/virología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/virología , Enfermedades Virales del Sistema Nervioso Central/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , ARN Viral/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Infecciones por Rotavirus/líquido cefalorraquídeoRESUMEN
Two cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis associated with neurological involvement, one with encephalitis (defined by abnormal neurological signs, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis and detection of rotavirus genomic nucleic acid in the CSF) and one with a non-inflammatory encephalopathy (defined by abnormal neurological signs, an entirely normal CSF and detection of rotavirus genomic nucleic acid in the CSF), are presented and used as a basis to review and explore potential pathogenetic mechanisms, including direct viral replication within neurons and indirect effects of the newly described rotavirus 'enterotoxin'.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones del Sistema Nervioso Central/patología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/patología , Aciclovir/uso terapéutico , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Australia , Cefotaxima/uso terapéutico , Infecciones del Sistema Nervioso Central/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Infecciones del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico , Infecciones del Sistema Nervioso Central/tratamiento farmacológico , Cefalosporinas/uso terapéutico , Preescolar , Electroencefalografía , Humanos , Lactante , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , ARN/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Infecciones por Rotavirus/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Infecciones por Rotavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Rotavirus/tratamiento farmacológicoAsunto(s)
Gastroenteritis/virología , Mielitis/virología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Aguda , Niño , Femenino , Gastroenteritis/complicaciones , Humanos , Mielitis/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Mielitis/complicaciones , ARN Viral/análisis , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Rotavirus/genética , Infecciones por Rotavirus/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Infecciones por Rotavirus/complicacionesAsunto(s)
Encefalitis Viral/microbiología , Gastroenteritis/complicaciones , ARN Viral/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Infecciones por Rotavirus/complicaciones , Rotavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Preescolar , Electroencefalografía , Femenino , Gastroenteritis/microbiología , Humanos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Rotavirus/genética , Infecciones por Rotavirus/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Rotavirus RNA was detected in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid from eight Japanese children with convulsions and gastroenteritis in the acute stage by means of the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. This may suggest that rotavirus invades the central nervous system through blood vessels.
Asunto(s)
Gastroenteritis/microbiología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/microbiología , Rotavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Convulsiones/microbiología , Preescolar , Heces/química , Heces/microbiología , Femenino , Gastroenteritis/sangre , Gastroenteritis/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , ARN Viral/análisis , ARN Viral/sangre , ARN Viral/líquido cefalorraquídeo , ADN Polimerasa Dirigida por ARN , Infecciones por Rotavirus/sangre , Infecciones por Rotavirus/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Convulsiones/sangre , Convulsiones/líquido cefalorraquídeoAsunto(s)
Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central/microbiología , Gastroenteritis/microbiología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/fisiopatología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Preescolar , Gastroenteritis/fisiopatología , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Infecciones por Rotavirus/líquido cefalorraquídeoRESUMEN
Ten infants with benign convulsions associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis had no specific antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). On the other hand, eight of 173 patients with other neurological diseases had specific IgG, IgA, or IgM antibodies. The reason for positive ELISA results is discussed.