Salivary evaluation in radioactive I131 treated patients with thyroid carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: radioiodine treatment (I131) used to treat thyroid carcinomas produces side effects (sialadenitis, xerostomia, dysphagia and caries susceptibility) reflecting in a poor patient quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of I131 on salivary function and possible oral impairment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-seven patients undergoing I131 were submitted to oral examination, answer questions regarding xerostomia/hyposalivation and collect saliva at three moments (M1: 30-45 days before I131, M2: 1-2 days after I131 and M3: 7-10 days after treatment). Saliva was assayed for flow rate and calcium/phosphate concentrations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: significant difference in calcium/phosphate concentration was shown between M1 and M2, with evident decrease at M2. Flow rate reduced right after treatment with 41% of patients returning to previous rate at M3 (no statistical difference). A higher number of patients related xerostomia and difficulty in swallowing food at M2. The results showed that xerostomia/hyposalivation, dysphagia and calcium/phosphate concentration decrease may be considered early radioiodine side effects.

Potential of curcumin-mediated photodynamic inactivation to reduce oral colonization.

OBJECTIVE: The present study assessed the susceptibility of salivary pathogens to photodynamic inactivation (PDI), mediated by a water-soluble mixture of curcuminoids (CRM) and LED light. METHODS: A 10mL sample of unstimulated saliva was collected from volunteers. The inoculum was prepared using 9mL of saline and 1mL of saliva. Inoculum suspensions were divided into 14 groups and treated according to the description below. Groups that received the PDI treatment (light for 1min or 5min and 1.5g/L or 3.0g/L of CRM concentration) were called C1.5L1.8, C1.5L9.0, C3.0L1.8, C3.0L9.0. To evaluate the CRM decontamination alone, the C1.5/1,C1.5/5,C3.0/1 and C3.0/5 groups were assessed. Likewise, light alone was evaluated through the L1.8 and L9.0 groups. Chlorhexidine at 0.12% (CLX) for 1 or 5min was used for the positive control groups (CLX1 and CLX5, respectively); saline was used for 1 or 5min (CTR1, CTR5, respectively) for the negative control groups. After the tests, serial dilutions were performed, and the resulting samples were plated on blood agar in microaerophilic conditions. The number of colony forming units (CFU/mL) was determined and log10-transformed. Data were analyzed using a One-way Analysis of Variance with Welch correction, followed by the Games Howell's test (α=0.05). Log reduction (LR) measure for antimicrobial efficacy was also calculated using data from the CTR5 as untreated samples. RESULTS: The CHX5 showed the best antimicrobial result, followed by the CLX1. The antimicrobial effect of CRM was more pronounced when associated with light (PDI), but significantly lower than the CLX5 effect. The C3.0L9.0 protocol showed similar results to the CLX1. CONCLUSION: The results show that PDI with CRM at the studied concentrations is as effective for oral decontamination in clinical dental care conditions as the CLX at 0.12% for 1min.

Avaliação dos parâmetros salivares e dos compostos sulfurados voláteis dos pacientes com câncer em cabeça e pescoço, durante o tratamento concológico / Evaluation of salivary parameters and volatile sulfur compounds of patients with head and neck cancer, during oncological treatment

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as alterações dos parâmetros salivares e dos níveis dos compostos sulfurados voláteis(CSV), durante o tratamento oncológico, em pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular em cabeça e pescoço. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo clínico de segmento, em que 24 pacientes foram examinados em dois momentos: antes de iniciar o tratamento com radioterapia e quimioterapia e após o término das 39 sessões de radioterapia. Avaliação da presença de saburra lingual foi realizada durante o exame clínico. Os parâmetros salivares avaliados foram: fluxo salivar em repousoe estimulado os quais foram coletadas durante 05 minutos em um tubo Falcommilimetrado. Para a saliva estimulada utilizou-se o hiperboloide (instrumento de mastigação); a viscosidade pelo viscosímetro de Ostwald modificado (modelo Cannon-FrenskeRoutine); o pH foi mensurado com um pH metro digital portátil (model Checker® 1 - HI98103). A avaliação dos CSV foi feita pelo método da cromatografia gasosa utilizando Oral ChromaTM. A escala EVA foi registrada em valores de zero a dez, em relação à sensação da boca seca do paciente.Os resultados foram analisados por meio do programa SPSS versão 17.0, com nível de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS:Os resultados mostraram que houve uma redução estatisticamente significante do fluxo salivar estimulado e em repouso (p= 0,0002 e p= 0,0005 respectivamente) e do pH (p=0,0151). Observou-se aumento significativo da viscosidade após o término do tratamento(p= 0,0420) e também um aumento da xerostomia (p <0,0001). As concentrações dos CSV não sofreram alterações ao final do tratamento. CONCLUSÃO:Estes resultados demonstraram que o tratamento oncológico provoca uma redução do fluxo salivar e do pH, aumento da viscosidade e da xerostomia. As concentrações dos CSV não sofreram alterações ao final do tratamento, mesmo ocorrendo as alterações dos parâmetros salivares

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in salivary parameters and levels of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) during the oncological treatment in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. MATERIALS AND METHODS:clinical study segmentedin which 24 patients were examined in two stages: before starting treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy and after the end of the 39 radiotherapy sessions. Evaluation of the presence of tongue coating was performed during clinical examination. The salivary evaluated parameters were: salivary flow at unstimulated and stimulated which were collected during 05 minutes in a graph Falcon tube. For the stimulated saliva used the hyperboloid (chewing instrument); the viscosity by viscometer Ostwald modified (Cannon-FrenskeRoutine model); pH was measured with a portable digital pH meter (model Checker® 1 - HI98103). The evaluation was made by the CSV method of gas chromatography using Oral ChromaTM. The VAS scale was recorded at values from zero to ten, with the sensation of dry mouth patients. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 with 95% confidence level. RESULTS: The results showed a statistically significant reduction in salivary flow stimulated and unstimulated (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0005 respectively) and pH (p = 0.0151). A significant increase in viscosity after the treatment (p = 0.0420) and an increase of xerostomia (p <0.0001). The CSV concentrations did not change after treatment. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that cancer treatment causes a reduced salivary flow and pH, increased viscosity and xerostomia. The CSV concentrations did not change after treatment, even occurring changes in salivary parameters

Shear bond strength of a sealant to contaminated-enamel surface: influence of erbium : yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser pretreatment.

BACKGROUND: Salivary contamination is one of the factors that can disturb the sealing process and interfere in the longevity of pit and fissure sealants. Erbium : yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er : YAG) laser could influence the bond strength of enamel and increase the acid resistance. PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of Er : YAG laser on the shear bond strength of a sealant to a salivary contaminated enamel surface. METHODS: Twenty-four third molars had the roots sectioned 2 mm coronal to the cementoenamel junction. The crowns were mesiodistally sectioned providing 48 halves that were embedded in polyester resin. Enamel was flattened and a 2-mm diameter bonding area was demarcated. Specimens were randomly assigned to two groups according to the superficial pretreatment-37% phosphoric acid (A) and Er : YAG laser (80 mJ/2 Hz) + phosphoric acid (L), which were subdivided into two groups (N = 12), without salivary contamination (C) and with salivary contamination (SC). To contaminate the specimens, 0.25 mL of human fresh saliva was applied for 20 seconds and then dried. Fluroshield sealant was applied in all specimens. After storage, shear bond strength of samples were tested in a universal testing machine. RESULTS: Means in MPa were: AC-14.61 (+/-2.52); ASC-6.66 (+/-2.34); LC-11.91 (+/-1.34); and LSC-2.22 (+/-0.66). Statistical analysis revealed that surfaces without salivary contamination and with acid treatment had the highest mean (p < 0.05). The group with salivary contamination treated by Er : YAG laser followed by phosphoric acid application presented the lowest bond values (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The phosphoric acid etching under dry condition yielded better bonding performance. Er : YAG laser was not able to increase the effectiveness of conventional acid etching of enamel in the bond of sealants in both dry and wet conditions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Under the conditions of this study, the conventional etching protocol (phosphoric acid without salivary contamination) is still preferable to laser-conditioning enamel surface prior to sealant application.

Evaluation of salivary flow in patients during head and neck radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy is frequently employed for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Among the side effects, xerostomia is one of the most important. With the objective of evaluating the role of radiotherapy in salivary flow, we performed three salivary sample collections: at the beginning of, during, and immediately after radiotherapy. The results showed that the salivary flow values of the first collection were very similar to those of the control group. However, during treatment, there was a significant decrease of the salivary flow (p = 0.0008), which continued low immediately after radiotherapy (p = 0.0009). Our study showed that radiotherapy leads to an important reduction of salivary flow during and after radiotherapy.

Evaluation of salivary flow in patients during head and neck radiotherapy

Radiotherapy is frequently employed for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Among the side effects, xerostomia is one of the most important. With the objective of evaluating the role of radiotherapy in salivary flow, we performed three salivary sample collections: at the beginning of, during, and immediately after radiotherapy. The results showed that the salivary flow values of the first collection were very similar to those of the control group. However, during treatment, there was a significant decrease of the salivary flow (p = 0.0008), which continued low immediately after radiotherapy (p = 0.0009). Our study showed that radiotherapy leads to an important reduction of salivary flow during and after radiotherapy

Avaliação do fluxo salivar em pacientes submetidos a radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço / Evaluation of salivary flow in subject patients

O propósito deste trabalo foi analisar o fluxo salivar de 15 pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço, submetidos a radioterapia na Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Maceió. Em alguns pacientes, a saliva foi colhida antes, durante e após a terapia, verificando-se uma diminuição progressiva do fluxo salivar durante o período de avaliação. A serostomia foi um achado em 60 por cento dos casos avaliados