RESUMEN
Despite being endemic in Iraq, no reports have been published in the past 10 years to update the molecular epidemiology of the Old World screwworm fly (OWSF), Chrysomya bezziana, in this country. In the present study, 130 sheep from 10 Iraqi governorates were found infected with C. bezziana larvae, whose identities were PCR-confirmed based on the cytochrome b (Cytb) gene, and 23 isolates from various tested governorates were successfully sequenced. Although most isolates (n = 20) belonged to the common haplotype circulating in Iraq, two new haplotypes were detected. Significant changes in OWSF epidemiology in Iraq were also suggested, since infestations were detected, for the first time, in Nineveh governorate. Isolates of the present study were combined to those previously published from Iraq and worldwide, collected after searching the GenBank, and various genetic and population structure analyses were conducted. These isolates displayed a great statistically significant value when tested for the purifying (negative) selection, suggesting the limited occurrence of genetic variations, which was evidenced by the high sequence conservation (C = 0.937) value detected. A few isolates from Africa were revealed during our search, and clustered in a separate lineage other than that of the Asian isolates. The latter displayed different genetic variation patterns when compared. For example, isolates from geographically separate regions, e.g., the Gulf Arab countries and South-Eastern Asia had marked genetic differences. On the other hand, isolates from regions with close geographic proximity (the Gulf Arab countries and Iran) had limited genetic subdivision. This is not the case when comparing isolates from 10 islands in the Indonesian Archipelago. Populations from Sumatra and Sumba were isolated and displayed high genetic variations toward the other populations. On the contrary, populations from Sulawesi, Lombok and Sumbawa displayed limited genetic variations. This is particularly important, since it can help detecting the dynamics of establishing the sterile insect technique over various regions as an effective control strategy against the OWSFs.
Asunto(s)
Citocromos b , Variación Genética , Enfermedades de las Ovejas , Animales , Irak/epidemiología , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/parasitología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/epidemiología , Citocromos b/genética , Epidemiología Molecular , Larva/genética , Dípteros/genética , Haplotipos , Calliphoridae/genética , Filogenia , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/epidemiología , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/veterinaria , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/parasitología , Miasis/epidemiología , Miasis/parasitología , Miasis/veterinariaRESUMEN
A German Shepherd dog was presented to a referral practice for screwworm myiasis affecting the ear. The successful management involved killing the larvae with afoxolaner plus milbemycin oxime and using video otoscopy to completely remove dead larvae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of auricular myiasis by Chrysomya bezziana in a dog in Singapore and the first report of video otoscopic management of myiasis.
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Dípteros , Enfermedades de los Perros , Miasis , Infección por Gusano Barrenador , Animales , Perros , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/diagnóstico , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/terapia , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/veterinaria , Singapur , Miasis/diagnóstico , Miasis/veterinaria , Larva , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnósticoRESUMEN
La palabra "miasis" proviene del griego, "myia" que significa mosca. La enfermedad corresponde a los daños causados por la invasión de larvas de moscas a tejidos del hombre u otros vertebrados
The term 'Myiasis' originates from the ancient Greek word 'myia', meaning 'fly'. This disease refers to tissue damage caused by the infestation of fly larvae in humans or other vertebrates
Asunto(s)
Infección por Gusano Barrenador , Miasis , Niño , DiagnósticoRESUMEN
A bovinocultura possui grande importância na economia brasileira, entretanto, enfermidades afetam a produção, ocasionando perdas econômicas, como a miíase. O agente causador da miíase é Cochliomyia hominivorax, mosca-da-bicheira. Os agentes são aptos às regiões tropicais e subtropicais no Brasil, e exibem resistência parasitária aos fármacos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a ocorrência de C. hominivorax em bovinos no estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Foram escolhidas 19 propriedades de bovinos leiteiros e de corte, distribuídas em 11 municípios maranhenses. Foi indagado, por questionário, o manejo, os medicamentos utilizados e o custo de prevenção relacionado à mazela. Os bovinos foram examinados por inspeção, recolhendo-se parcialmente as larvas encontradas na superfície corporal. O número de larvas por bovino, local das lesões, a origem e complicações foram observadas e anotadas. Em seguida, os espécimes coletados foram acondicionados em frascos individuais, por hospedeiro amostrado, contendo álcool a 70°Gay-Lussac (GL). No laboratório as larvas das moscas foram examinadas em estereomicroscópio e identificadas pela sua morfologia. Verificou-se que mais de 60% (12/19) das propriedades possuíam bovinos parasitados. Dentre os 4.509 animais observados, 0,57% (26/4509) estavam parasitados com as larvas de C. hominivorax. Encontraram-se infestações no umbigo (50%), bem como na tábua do pescoço (42%), vulva (4%) e chifre (4%). Conclui-se que houve uma baixa prevalência de miíase causada por C. hominivorax em bovinos no estado do Maranhão, porém a prevenção e cuidados sanitários sempre devem ser adotados pelos pecuaristas.
Cattle breeding has great importance in the Brazilian economy, however, diseases affect production, causing economic losses, such as myiasis. The causative agent of myiasis is Cochliomyia hominivorax, the screwworm fly. The agents are suitable for tropical and subtropical regions in Brazil, and exhibit parasitic drug resistance. The objective of this work was to verify the occurrence of C. hominivorax in cattle in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. In the first stage, 19 dairy and beef cattle properties were chosen, distributed in 11 municipalities in Maranhão. Questionnaires asked about the management, the drugs used and the cost of prevention related to the disease. The cattle were examined by inspection, partially collecting the larvae found on the body surface. The number of larvae per bovine, location of lesions, origin and complications were observed and noted. Then, the collected specimens were placed in individual flasks, per sampled host, containing alcohol at 70°Gay-Lussac (GL). In the second stage, the fly larvae were identified in the laboratory, examined under a stereomicroscope and identified by their morphology and analysis of perithematics plaques and respiratory spiracles. It was found more that 60% (12/19) of the properties had parasitized cattle. Among the 4.509 animals observed, 0.57% (26/4509) were parasitized with the larvae of C. hominivorax. Infestations were found in the navel (50%), as well as in the neck plate (42%), vulva (4%) and horn (4%). It is concluded that there was a low prevalence of myiasis caused by C. hominivorax in cattle in the state of Maranhão, but prevention and health care should always be adopted by livestock farmers.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Prevalencia , Ganado/parasitología , Carga de Parásitos/veterinaria , Larva/parasitología , Miasis/veterinariaRESUMEN
The New World Screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Calliphoridae), is the most important myiasis-causing species in America. Screwworm myiasis is a zoonosis that can cause severe lesions in livestock, domesticated and wild animals, and occasionally in people. Beyond the sanitary problems associated with this species, these infestations negatively impact economic sectors, such as the cattle industry. Here, we present a chromosome-scale assembly of C. hominivorax's genome, organized in 6 chromosome-length and 515 unplaced scaffolds spanning 534 Mb. There was a clear correspondence between the D. melanogaster linkage groups A-E and the chromosomal-scale scaffolds. Chromosome quotient (CQ) analysis identified a single scaffold from the X chromosome that contains most of the orthologs of genes that are on the D. melanogaster fourth chromosome (linkage group F or dot chromosome). CQ analysis also identified potential X and Y unplaced scaffolds and genes. Y-linkage for selected regions was confirmed by PCR with male and female DNA. Some of the long chromosome-scale scaffolds include Y-linked sequences, suggesting misassembly of these regions. These resources will provide a basis for future studies aiming at understanding the biology and evolution of this devastating obligate parasite.
Asunto(s)
Miasis , Infección por Gusano Barrenador , Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Bovinos , Calliphoridae , Drosophila melanogaster , Miasis/veterinaria , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/veterinaria , CromosomasRESUMEN
Rainfall incidence as a risk factor for umbilical myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax in newborn beef cattle and the preventive and curative efficacies of injectable and topical products against its larvae were evaluated. The prevalence of navel myiasis did not differ between sex, however, it did differ between seasons of the year, independent of animal sex, with it being higher in the rainy season than in the dry season for both sexes (males 64.6%, females 62.1%). During the rainy season, rains occurred intermittently and the number of rainy days in a week had a direct influence on prevalence, with an increase (≥87%) in the number of calves with navel myiasis caused by C. hominivorax. When it rained intermittently for four, five and six days in a week during the rainy season, calves had ≈12, 24 and 11 times greater chances, respectively, of having navel myiasis compared to a week without rain during the rainy season. The injectable products did not reach preventive efficacies higher than 35%, while all treatments of topic products reached 100% preventive efficacy at 10 days post-treatment. Only the formulations with 30% dichlorfenthion and 0.32% fipronil achieved 100% curative efficacy. The results reinforce the need for intensified inspection and healing of the umbilicus during the rainy season, mainly during rainier weeks. Furthermore, topical formulations may be a better alternative as a preventive treatment than avermectin formulations. However, the curative efficacy of the topical product containing dichlorvos did not demonstrate a relationship with preventive efficacy for newborn calves.
Asunto(s)
Dípteros , Miasis , Infección por Gusano Barrenador , Masculino , Femenino , Bovinos , Animales , Antiparasitarios/uso terapéutico , Ombligo , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/tratamiento farmacológico , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/prevención & control , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/veterinaria , Miasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Miasis/epidemiología , Miasis/prevención & control , Miasis/veterinaria , LluviaRESUMEN
The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel 1858) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), is a serious parasite of livestock, humans, and other warm-blooded animals. It has been eradicated from the northern parts of its historical range down to the Panama-Colombian border where a permanent barrier zone is maintained. This eradication was accomplished through using the sterile insect technique (SIT). In 2016 there was an outbreak of C. hominivorax in the Florida Keys. In only six months, this pest was successfully re-eradicated using SIT, but the geographic origin of the invasion has yet to be resolved. It was previously determined that the Florida flies most likely represented a single invasion, and it was recommended that a finer-scale genetic assessment should be completed. Thus, this current proof-of-concept study aimed to develop a population genetic database using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to reference outbreaks and potentially identify the origin of the Florida outbreak. This initial database consists of wild-caught samples from 4 geographic locations as well as laboratory colony samples that originated from 7 additional locations using a genotyping by sequencing (GBS) approach. Geographic population structuring was identified for twelve populations that clustered according to geographic location. The Florida outbreak samples appeared similar to samples from the outer Caribbean cluster which included samples from Dominican Republic and Trinidad and Tobago, however, these results will be further clarified with the replacement of laboratory colony samples with future wild-caught samples.
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Dípteros , Infección por Gusano Barrenador , Animales , Calliphoridae , Dípteros/genética , República Dominicana , Genética de Población , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/epidemiología , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/genética , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/veterinariaRESUMEN
Insect population control through continual releases of large numbers of sterile insects, called sterile insect technique (SIT), is only possible if one can mass-rear large quantities of healthy insects. Adaptation of insect stocks to rearing conditions and artificial feeding systems can have a multitude of negative effects such as inbreeding depression, reduced compatibility with wild strains, unintentional selection for traits that lower fitness after release, and an altered microbiome. Changes to insect microbiomes can have many effects on insects ranging from a reduction in sex pheromones or reduced fitness. Thus understanding these systems is important for mass rearing and the performance of the sterile insect control programs. In this study we explored the microbiome of the New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) an economically important parasite of warm-blooded animals. Samples from myiases in cows and wild adults were compared to and mass-reared flies used by the SIT program. Significant differences were observed between these treatments, with wild captured flies having a significantly more diverse microbial composition. Bacteria known to stimulate oviposition were found in both wild and mass-reared flies. Two bacteria of veterinary importance were abundant in wild flies, suggesting screwworm is a potential vector of these diseases. Overall, this study provides the screwworm eradication program a platform to continue exploring the effects associated bacteria have on screwworm fitness.
Asunto(s)
Crianza de Animales Domésticos/métodos , Calliphoridae/microbiología , Microbiota , Animales , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Calliphoridae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Larva/microbiología , Panamá , Control Biológico de Vectores/métodos , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/veterinariaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Feral swine (Sus scrofa) are highly invasive and threaten animal and human health in the Americas. The screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) is listed by the World Organization for Animal Health as a notifiable infestation because myiasis cases affect livestock, wildlife, and humans in endemic areas, and outbreaks can have major socioeconomic consequences in regions where the screwworm has been eradicated. However, a knowledge gap exists on screwworm infestation of feral swine in South America, where the screwworm is endemic. Here, we report screwworm infestation of feral swine harvested in Artigas Department (Uruguay), where the Republic of Uruguay shares borders with Brazil and Argentina. METHODS: Myiasis caused by the larvae of screwworm were identified in feral swine with the support and collaboration of members of a local feral swine hunting club over a 3-year period in the Department of Artigas. Harvested feral swine were examined for the presence of lesions where maggots causing the myiasis could be sampled and processed for taxonomic identification. The sites of myiasis on the body of infested feral swine and geospatial data for each case were recorded. The sex and relative size of each feral swine were also recorded. Temperature and precipitation profiles for the region were obtained from public sources. RESULTS: Myiases caused by screwworms were recorded in 27 of 618 the feral swine harvested. Cases detected in males weighing > 40 kg were associated with wounds that, due to their location, were likely caused by aggressive dominance behavior between adult males. The overall prevalence of screwworm infestation in the harvested feral swine was associated with ambient temperature, but not precipitation. Case numbers peaked in the warmer spring and summer months. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report on myiasis in feral swine caused by screwworm in South America. In contrast to myiasis in cattle, which can reach deep into host tissues, screwworms in feral swine tended to cause superficial infestation. The presence of feral swine in screwworm endemic areas represents a challenge to screwworm management in those areas. Screwworm populations maintained by feral swine may contribute to human cases in rural areas of Uruguay, which highlights the importance of the One Health approach to the study of this invasive host species-ectoparasite interaction.
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Animales Salvajes/parasitología , Calliphoridae/patogenicidad , Salud Única , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/epidemiología , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/veterinaria , Animales , Brotes de Enfermedades , Femenino , Humanos , Larva/fisiología , Ganado/parasitología , Masculino , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/transmisión , Estaciones del Año , Porcinos , Uruguay/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The New World Screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax, is a major pest of livestock in South America and Caribbean. However, few genomic resources have been available for this species. A genome of 534 Mb was assembled from long read PacBio DNA sequencing of DNA from a highly inbred strain. Analysis of molecular evolution identified 40 genes that are likely under positive selection. Developmental RNA-seq analysis identified specific genes associated with each stage. We identify and analyze the expression of genes that are likely important for host-seeking behavior (chemosensory), development of larvae in open wounds in warm-blooded animals (heat shock protein, immune response) and for building transgenic strains for genetic control programs including gene drive (sex determination, germline). This study will underpin future experiments aimed at understanding the parasitic lifestyle of the screwworm fly and greatly facilitate future development of strains for efficient systems for genetic control of screwworm.
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Calliphoridae/genética , Evolución Molecular , Ganado/genética , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/genética , Animales , Calliphoridae/patogenicidad , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/genética , Genómica/métodos , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos/genética , Larva/genética , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ganado/parasitología , Control Biológico de Vectores , RNA-Seq , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/parasitología , América del SurRESUMEN
The most common fly species associated with screwworm myiasis in Southeast Asia is Chrysomya bezziana (Ch. bezziana), the Old-World screwworm. Treatment of screwworm myiasis in cats traditionally has comprised subcutaneous injection of ivermectin or oral administration of nitenpyram, combined with aggressive tissue debridement and larval removal under general anaesthesia. Two cats diagnosed with cutaneous myiasis caused by the larvae of Ch. bezziana were treated with lotilaner. In both cats, a single dose of lotilaner at 6-26 mg/kg, killed all larvae within 24 h, negating the need for general anaesthesia. Both cats were simultaneously infested with Lynxacarus radovskyi (L. radovskyi) which also was eradicated with lotilaner. No adverse reactions were observed and both cats recovered without complications.
L'espèce de mouche la plus fréquemment associée à la lucile bouchère en Asie du sud-est est Chrysomya bezziana (Ch. bezziana), espèce du vieux continent. Le traitement chez le chat consiste en une injection sous-cutanée d'ivermectine ou une administration orale de nitenpyram, associé à un débridement tissulaire agressif et retrait des larves sous anesthésie générale. Deux chats avec myase cutanée causée par les larves de Ch. Bezziana ont été traités avec lotilaner. Pour les deux chats, une dose unique de lotilaner à 6-26 mg/kg, a tué toutes les larves en 24h, sans besoin d'anesthésie générale. Les deux chats ont été infestés simultanément par Lynxacarus radovskyi (L. radovskyi) qui a également été éradiqué par le lotilaner. Aucune réaction indésirable n'a été observée chez les deux chats guéris sans complication.
La especie de mosca más común asociada con la miasis de larvas barrenadoras en el sudeste asiático es Chrysomya bezziana (Ch. Bezziana), la larva barrenadora del Viejo Mundo. El tratamiento de la miasis de larva barrenadora en los gatos ha consistido tradicionalmente en inyección subcutánea de ivermectina o administración oral de nitenpiram, combinado con debridamiento agresivo de tejido y eliminación de larvas bajo anestesia general. Dos gatos diagnosticados con miasis cutánea causada por las larvas de Ch. bezziana fueron tratados con lotilaner. En ambos gatos, una dosis única de lotilaner a 6-26 mg/kg, eliminó a todas las larvas en 24 h, evitando la necesidad de anestesia general. Ambos gatos estaban infestados simultáneamente con Lynxacarus radovskyi (L. radovskyi), que también fue erradicada con lotilaner. No se observaron reacciones adversas y ambos gatos se recuperaron sin complicaciones.
A espécie de mosca mais comumente associada à miíase no sudeste da Ásia é a Chrysomya bezziana (Ch. bezziana), a larva de rosca do Velho Mundo. O tratamento da miíase por larva de rosca em gatos tradicionalmente inclui injeção subcutânea de ivermectina ou administração oral de nitempiram, associado com debridamento agressivo do tecido e remoção larval sob anestesia geral. Dois gatos diagnosticados com miíase cutânea causada pelas larvas de Ch. bezziana foram tratados com lotilaner. Nos dois gatos, uma dose única de lotilaner de 6 a 26 mg / kg matou todas as larvas em 24 horas, negando a necessidade de anestesia geral. Ambos os gatos foram infestados simultaneamente com Lynxacarus radovskyi (L. radovskyi), que também foi erradicada com lotilaner. Nenhuma reação adversa foi observada e os dois gatos se recuperaram sem complicações.
Asunto(s)
Calliphoridae/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de los Gatos/tratamiento farmacológico , Oxazoles/uso terapéutico , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/tratamiento farmacológico , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/veterinaria , Tiofenos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Enfermedades de los Gatos/parasitología , Gatos , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
This paper reports for the first time in Colombia, two myasis cases caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax in stray dogs. Clinical examination of both patients revealed fever and a large wound at the palpebral level on the right side, and multiple perforating wounds in the right posterior limb where larvae were found. The treatment applied was the manual removal of larvae in the dogs, and subsequent eye enucleation in one dog due to the total loss of the upper right eyelid and the severe mechanical damage that the cornea received. Treatment was reinforced with repellents applied around the wounds and antibiotics. This finding of Cochliomyia hominivorax in stray dogs in Colombia raises concerns about the potential of dogs serving as a reservoir for human infection in the region.
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Calliphoridae/fisiología , Enfermedades de los Perros , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/veterinaria , Animales , Calliphoridae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Colombia , Desbridamiento/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Perros/terapia , Perros , Larva/fisiología , Masculino , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/diagnóstico , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/parasitología , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/terapia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Myiasis is common in tropical regions, but now increasing incidence is seen in the west due to international travel. Otorhinolaryngological myiasis is uncommon and is seen in diabetics, alcoholics or patients unable in self-care. OBJECTIVES: To study presentations of otorhinolaryngological myiasis, identify associated risk factors and species of flies causing myiasis. METHODS: Clinical findings and co-morbidities of 67 myiasis cases were noted. Maggots were identified, manually removed, and patients were managed with topical treatment, systemic ivermectin and antibiotics. FINDINGS: Thirty-three nasal myiasis, 13 aural myiasis and 5 patients with oral myiasis were noted. Seven patients with head neck wounds myiasis and nine patients of tracheostome myiasis were recorded. DISCUSSION: Warm humid climate of tropical regions is a major concern along with co-existing conditions like poor sanitation, alcoholism, psychiatric diseases and neuropathies. Hesitancy is seen in attendants and health care professionals to deal with myiasis. CONCLUSION: Awareness about risk factors is important in avoiding myiasis along with prompt treatment which reduces morbidity. Tracheostome myiasis is an under-documented entity rather than a rare presentation. FUNDING: None.
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Dípteros , Larva , Miasis/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Otorrinolaringológicas/parasitología , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Antiparasitarios/uso terapéutico , Niño , Preescolar , Comorbilidad , Dípteros/clasificación , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Ivermectina/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Miasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Miasis/epidemiología , Miasis/cirugía , Enfermedades Otorrinolaringológicas/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Otorrinolaringológicas/cirugía , Resultado del Tratamiento , Poblaciones Vulnerables , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Abstract Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858), the New World screwworm, causes primary myiasis in wild and domestic animals in tropical and subtropical regions of Brazil. Although this species is considered to occur throughout the country, organized information about its recorded distribution has not been available until now. This article aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the historical and current data published on both immature (myiasis) and adult stages of C. hominivorax in Brazil. A total of 174 articles were found; of these, 141 articles reported myiasis cases in cattle (146 records), humans (68 records), and other mammalian hosts (40 records), and captures of adult flies were reported in 33 articles. C. hominivorax is widespread in Brazil, having been recorded in 208 municipalities in all major biomes of the country.
Resumo Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858), a mosca-da-bicheira, causa miíase primária em animais silvestres e domésticos em regiões tropicais e subtropicais do Brasil. Embora esta espécie seja considerada de ocorrência em todo o país, informações organizadas sobre sua distribuição com base em registros não estavam disponíveis até o momento. Este artigo teve como objetivo fornecer uma revisão abrangente dos dados históricos e atuais publicados sobre o registro de estágios imaturos (miíase) e adultos de C. hominivorax, no Brasil. De 174 artigos encontrados, 141 relataram casos de miíase em bovinos (146 relatos), humanos (68 relatos) e outros mamíferos hospedeiros (40 relatos) e capturas de adultos de C. hominivorax foram registradas em 33 artigos. C. hominivorax encontra-se amplamente distribuída no Brasil, tendo sido registrada em 208 municípios brasileiros em todos os principais biomas do país.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Animales , Bovinos , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/epidemiología , Dípteros/clasificación , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/veterinaria , Brasil/epidemiología , Prevalencia , GeografíaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the larval expulsion, larvicidal effect, retention rate of dead larvae and overall efficacy of sarolaner on the treatment of myiasis caused by New World screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax in naturally infested dogs. Eight Beagle dogs received a single dose of saroalner 40â¯mg, with dosage ranging from 2.7â¯mg/kg to 3.7â¯mg/kg. Evaluations occurred every 15â¯min in the first hour, every hour for up to 6â¯h, and after 24â¯h of treatment. At 24â¯h post-treatment, total wound cleaning was performed, including removal and counting of remaining live and dead larvae. The animals received antibiotic, analgesic and wound cleaning support until complete wound healing. The average expulsion of the larvae was 50.9 % occurring mainly after 4â¯h of treatment. The larvicidal effect was 70.6 % at 6â¯h after treatment and 100 % at 24â¯h. The mean retention rate of dead larvae of sarolaner was 33.9 %, The overall efficacy was 100 %, thus making sarolaner an excellent treatment option in myiasis caused by C. hominivorax larvae in dogs.
Asunto(s)
Antiparasitarios/uso terapéutico , Azetidinas/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Miasis/veterinaria , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/veterinaria , Compuestos de Espiro/uso terapéutico , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Perros , Miasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
The myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) or screwworm is considered one of the most traumatic and relevant to the region due to its economic implications and its importance in public health. The purpose of this study was to compare the reproductive and developmental indexes of screwworm using citrated and freeze-dried bovine blood, spray-dried bovine blood (currently used by Panama-United States Commission for the Eradication and Prevention of Screwworm ñacronym in spanish [Copeg]) and bovine citrated liquid blood. The use of freeze-dried arises through the premise that, due to its process of elaboration constitutes an alternative of better quality for the feeding of the screwworm in function of the integrity of sanguine proteins during its processing. For the comparison of the different diets, the following parameters were used: pH, total pupae weight, pupae size, total pupae volume, emergency percentage, oviposition percentage and hatching percentage. In the case of freeze-dried blood, it showed better mean (standard deviation) indexes of emergence, 83.42 (11.45), and 73.11 (15.97) (p = .01); and hatching, 89.70 (8.88), and 84.08 (8.29), (p = .004) compared to the diet based on spray-dried blood. By virtue of the above, freeze-dried blood proved to be a source of protein with potential to develop insect breeding programs.
La miasis causada por Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) o gusano barrenador del ganado (GBG) es considerada una de las más traumáticas y relevantes para la región debido a sus implicaciones económicas y su importancia en la salud pública. El propósito de este estudio fue comparar los índices reproductivos y de desarrollo del GBG con sangre bovina liofilizada citratada, sangre bovina secada por pulverización (actualmente utilizada por la Comisión Panamá-Estados Unidos para la Erradicación y Prevención del Gusano Barrenador del Ganado [Copeg]) y sangre líquida bovina citrata. El uso de liofilizado surge bajo la premisa de que, debido a su proceso de elaboración, constituye una alternativa de mejor calidad para la alimentación del GBG en función de la integridad de las proteínas sanguíneas durante su procesamiento. Para la comparación de las diferentes dietas, se utilizaron los siguientes parámetros: pH, peso total de las pupas, tamaño de pupas, volumen total de pupas, porcentaje de emergencia, porcentaje de oviposición y porcentaje de eclosión. En el caso de la sangre liofilizada, mostró mejores promedios (desviación estándar) de índices de emergencia, 83.42 (11.45) y 73.11 (15.97) (p = .01), y eclosión, 89.70 (8.88) y 84.08 (8.29) (p = .004) en comparación con la dieta basada en sangre secada por pulverización. En virtud de lo anterior, la sangre bovina liofilizada demostró ser una fuente de proteína con potencial para desarrollar programas de crianza de insectos.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/sangre , Bovinos/sangre , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/parasitologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Myiasis due to Old World screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana, is an important obligate zoonotic disease in the OIE-list of diseases and is found throughout much of Africa, the Indian subcontinent, southeast and east Asia. C. bezziana myiasis causes not only morbidity and death to animals and humans, but also economic losses in the livestock industries. Because of the aggressive and destructive nature of this disease in hosts, we initiated this study to provide a comprehensive understanding of human myiasis caused by C. bezziana. METHODS: We searched the databases in English (PubMed, Embase and African Index Medicus) and Chinese (CNKI, Wanfang, and Duxiu), and international government online reports to 6th February, 2019, to identify studies concerning C. bezziana. Another ten human cases in China and Papua New Guinea that our team had recorded were also included. RESULTS: We retrieved 1,048 reports from which 202 studies were ultimately eligible for inclusion in the present descriptive analyses. Since the first human case due to C. bezziana was reported in 1909, we have summarized 291 cases and found that these cases often occurred in patients with poor hygiene, low socio-economic conditions, old age, and underlying diseases including infections, age-related diseases, and noninfectious chronic diseases. But C. bezziana myiasis appears largely neglected as a serious medical or veterinary condition, with human and animal cases only reported in 16 and 24 countries respectively, despite this fly species being recorded in 44 countries worldwide. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that cryptic myiasis cases due to the obligate parasite, C. bezziana, are under-recognized. Through this study on C. bezziana etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, prevention and control, we call for more vigilance and awareness of the disease from governments, health authorities, clinicians, veterinary workers, nursing homes, and also the general public.
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Dípteros , Infección por Gusano Barrenador , Animales , Bases de Datos Factuales , Dípteros/citología , Dípteros/patogenicidad , Dípteros/fisiología , Humanos , Higiene , Estadios del Ciclo de Vida , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/diagnóstico , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/epidemiología , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/prevención & control , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/terapia , Factores Socioeconómicos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Zoonosis/epidemiología , Zoonosis/parasitologíaRESUMEN
We treated a homeless man in Iran with a history of squamous cell carcinoma who had ophthalmomyiasis caused by Chrysomya bezziana parasites. This case highlights a much-neglected condition and describes measures to prevent it.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma/complicaciones , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/diagnóstico , Infección por Gusano Barrenador/etiología , Anciano , Biopsia , Carcinoma/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858), the New World screwworm, causes primary myiasis in wild and domestic animals in tropical and subtropical regions of Brazil. Although this species is considered to occur throughout the country, organized information about its recorded distribution has not been available until now. This article aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the historical and current data published on both immature (myiasis) and adult stages of C. hominivorax in Brazil. A total of 174 articles were found; of these, 141 articles reported myiasis cases in cattle (146 records), humans (68 records), and other mammalian hosts (40 records), and captures of adult flies were reported in 33 articles. C. hominivorax is widespread in Brazil, having been recorded in 208 municipalities in all major biomes of the country.