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1.
Drug Alcohol Depend ; 262: 111408, 2024 Sep 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39106609

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Coping strategies used in response to stress have the potential to influence the development of mental health disorders, including alcohol use disorders. The current study investigated whether coping strategies placed an individual at greater likelihood for developing a future alcohol use disorder. METHODS: This study used data from the Canadian Armed Forces Members and Veterans Mental Health Follow-up Survey; a nationally representative 16-year follow-up survey, with initial data collected in the 2002 Canadian Community Health Survey - Canadian Forces Supplement. The total sample from the two datasets included 2941 individuals who were Regular Force members in 2002. Coping styles included problem-focused, avoidant, and self-medication. Adjusted logistic regression analyses examined relationships between coping style (in 2002) and alcohol use disorders (developed between 2002 and 2018). RESULTS: Self-medication coping in 2002 was associated with any alcohol disorder since last interview (i.e., 2002-2018) (AOR 1.26; 95 % CI, 1.02-1.57) and during the past year (adjusted odds ratios [AOR 1.26; 95 % CI, 1.08-1.47]), as well as past-year binge drinking (AOR 1.19; 95 % CI, 1.09-1.29). Problem-focused coping was protective against past-year alcohol abuse (AOR 0.84; 95 % CI, 0.71-1.00) and any alcohol use disorder (AOR 0.87; 95 % CI 0.76-1.00). CONCLUSION: Coping styles were strongly associated with future alcohol use disorders. Notably, results show the risk extended over a 16-year period. Findings suggest the use of self-medicating coping strategies places an individual at increased risk of developing alcohol use disorders, while problem-focused coping may decrease future risk of alcohol use disorders.


Asunto(s)
Adaptación Psicológica , Alcoholismo , Personal Militar , Humanos , Masculino , Adaptación Psicológica/fisiología , Femenino , Canadá/epidemiología , Adulto , Estudios Longitudinales , Personal Militar/psicología , Factores de Riesgo , Alcoholismo/epidemiología , Alcoholismo/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Automedicación/psicología , Adolescente
2.
BMC Public Health ; 24(1): 2066, 2024 Jul 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39085834

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Self-medication was remarkably popular during the COVID-19 pandemic. In older populations, the risk of self-medication is higher. Pharmacists are well positioned to provide public health education and disease prevention. This study aims to explore the self-medication patterns and intention to seek pharmacist guidance among older adults in Macao. METHODS: A face-to-face cross-sectional survey was subsequently performed in March-April 2023 among older adults in Macao. The questionnaire was designed based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze predictors of self-medication behavior and multiple linear regression analysis to determine whether the TPB construct was the predictor of older adults' intention to seek guidance from pharmacists. RESULTS: A total of 412 participants completed the questionnaire. The self-medication rate among older adults in Macao was 64.2%. The most commonly used types of medications were over-the-counter and traditional Chinese medicine, mainly from government anti-pandemic packages. The majority of individuals engaged in self-medication to treat COVID-19 symptoms or prevent COVID-19 infection. The prevalent reasons for self-medication were the perceived non-seriousness of the illness. 85 years old or older and university degree were significantly associated with self-medication behavior. Older adults had moderate intention to seek pharmacist guidance on medication use. The average scores (standard deviation) were 3.43 (1.10) for Attitude, 2.69 (0.99) for Subjective Norm, 3.56 (1.04) for Perceived Behavioral Control, and 3.07 (1.43) for Intention. Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioral Control were all strong predictors of intention, which explained 53% of the variance in intention. In demographic factors, age was identified as a significant predictor of intentions. CONCLUSIONS: Self-medication was widely practiced in Macao during the COVID-19 pandemic. To better control the risks associated with self-medication, the role of pharmacists is paramount. Enhancing the recognition and trust of pharmacists within society, modifying pharmacy management models, and strengthening pharmacists' self-perception of their profession are all pivotal directions areas to further enhance their role.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Intención , Farmacéuticos , Automedicación , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Femenino , Automedicación/estadística & datos numéricos , Automedicación/psicología , Anciano , Macao , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/prevención & control , Farmacéuticos/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2
3.
Rev Bras Enferm ; 77(3): e20230386, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés, Portugués | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39082543

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the validity evidence of the internal structure of the Risk Self-Medication Questionnaire Focused on Health Literacy. METHODS: a psychometric study with 499 adults. The internal structure was assessed with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to prove the adjustment. Internal consistency was measured by composite reliability and McDonald's omega coefficient (ω). RESULTS: the parameters revealed a model of 35 items distributed across four factors, explaining 56% of the total variance, with factor loadings ranging from 0.31 to 0.85 and adequate communalities. Accuracy (0.79

Asunto(s)
Alfabetización en Salud , Psicometría , Automedicación , Humanos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Alfabetización en Salud/normas , Alfabetización en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Alfabetización en Salud/métodos , Femenino , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Masculino , Automedicación/estadística & datos numéricos , Automedicación/psicología , Automedicación/métodos , Psicometría/instrumentación , Psicometría/métodos , Psicometría/normas , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Factorial , Anciano
4.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 60(7)2024 Jun 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39064494

RESUMEN

Background and Objectives: The investigation of the psychosomatic symptoms in women residing in developing countries is still emerging. To be precise, the prevalence and correlates of severe fibromyalgia, depression, anxiety, and insomnia are understudied in Arab women, as these symptoms could relate to improper self-medication. This study mainly investigated the association between self-medication with analgesics and fibromyalgia, depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms among a community-based cohort of females in Jordan. Materials and Methods: We used a web-based cross-sectional study design. Fibromyalgia, depression, anxiety, and insomnia were assessed using validated scales. The used over-the-counter (OTC) painkillers were recorded. Results: Data were analyzed from 741 women, and fibromyalgia was screened in 16.4%, depression in 37.4%, anxiety in 27.8%, and insomnia in 38.3%. Fibromyalgia was associated with "married" (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.017-2.305), "using OTC acetaminophen" (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.15-2.69), "using herbal remedies" (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.33-3.07), and "using antiseizure medications" (OR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.38-4.28). Severe depression was significantly associated with "age" (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.96-0.99), "high school education" (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.21-2.98), "smoking" (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.15-2.56), "OTC acetaminophen" (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.02-1.92), "OTC non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs" (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.15-2.65), and "antiseizures" (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.30-3.70). Severe anxiety was significantly associated with "smoking" (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.40-3.12), "OTC acetaminophen" (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.06-2.06), and "antiseizure medications" (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.22-3.41). Severe insomnia was significantly associated with "age" (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.96-0.99), "high school education" (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.01-2.47), "smoking" (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.01-2.25), "OTC non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs" (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.13-2.64), "antiseizure medications" (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.09-3.11), and "No analgesics" (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.32-0.71). Conclusions: Self-medication with analgesics is associated with a high burden of psychosomatic symptoms in Arab women, and awareness campaigns are required to guide self-medication behavior.


Asunto(s)
Analgésicos , Ansiedad , Árabes , Depresión , Fibromialgia , Automedicación , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño , Humanos , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Fibromialgia/psicología , Fibromialgia/epidemiología , Fibromialgia/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibromialgia/complicaciones , Adulto , Jordania/epidemiología , Automedicación/estadística & datos numéricos , Automedicación/psicología , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Depresión/tratamiento farmacológico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/epidemiología , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/psicología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Analgésicos/uso terapéutico , Árabes/estadística & datos numéricos , Árabes/psicología , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo
5.
Math Biosci ; 376: 109249, 2024 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39059710

RESUMEN

The continual social and economic impact of infectious diseases on nations has maintained sustained attention on their control and treatment, of which self-medication has been one of the means employed by some individuals. Self-medication complicates the attempt of their control and treatment as it conflicts with some of the measures implemented by health authorities. Added to these complications is the stigmatization of individuals with some diseases in some jurisdictions. This study investigates the co-infection of COVID-19 and malaria and its related deaths and further highlights how self-medication and stigmatization add to the complexities of the fight against these two diseases using Nigeria as a study case. Using a mathematical model on COVID-19 and malaria co-infection, we address the question: to what degree does the impact of the interaction between COVID-19 and malaria amplify infections and deaths induced by both diseases via self-medication and stigmatization? We demonstrate that COVID-19 related self-medication due to misdiagnoses contributes substantially to the prevalence of disease. The control reproduction numbers for these diseases and quantification of model parameters uncertainties and sensitivities are presented.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Malaria , Modelos Teóricos , Automedicación , Humanos , Nigeria/epidemiología , COVID-19/psicología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Automedicación/psicología , Automedicación/estadística & datos numéricos , Malaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Malaria/psicología , Coinfección , SARS-CoV-2 , Estigma Social , Estereotipo
6.
Nord J Psychiatry ; 78(4): 281-289, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38380582

RESUMEN

AIM: Based on a large cohort of dual diagnosis patients, the aim of this study was to quantify the patient-perceived problems and advantages of their substance use and relate the quantity of problems to the substance type and psychiatric diagnosis. MATERIAL: Data comes from a naturalistic cohort admitted to an in-patient facility in Denmark specialized in integrated dual diagnosis treatment. We included 1076 patients at their first admission to the facility from 2010 to 2017. Participants completed 607 DrugCheck and 130 DUDIT-E questionnaires. METHOD: we analyzed the questionnaires and included admission diagnosis by use of t-test and ANOVA to depict the patterns in substance use in relation to psychiatric diagnosis. RESULTS: The three most common substance related problems according to the DrugCheck questionnaire were: feeling depressed, financial problems, and losing interest in daily activities. From DUDIT-E, the highest-ranking negative substance related effects were financial ruin, deterioration of health, and problems at work. Effects on social life relationships were also evident with more than 40% of participants. The top three positive substance related effects reported were relaxation, improved sleep, and control over negative emotions. The number of problems listed varied significantly with the type of preferred substance. Patients using pain medication, sedatives, central stimulants, and alcohol reported most problems. Diagnosis did not differentiate the problems experienced. Results partially support the broad self-medication hypothesis for patients with severe mental illness, but also points out that patients are well aware of negative effects.


Asunto(s)
Trastornos Mentales , Automedicación , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Humanos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/diagnóstico , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Diagnóstico Dual (Psiquiatría) , Dinamarca , Trastornos Mentales/diagnóstico , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Trastornos Mentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Automedicación/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Comorbilidad
7.
J Psychoactive Drugs ; 55(2): 159-169, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35574941

RESUMEN

This article explores the psychedelic experience from the users' point of view and through the lens of self-care, a concept within the domain of health and well-being. In a time of renewed interest in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, we aim to contribute to a better understanding of these substances by exploring their role in different settings. A phenomenological approach was used in this study. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 psychedelic users and inquired about the relationship between their experiences and self-care. Analysis of the interview data was based on inductive content analysis. Most participants reported using psychedelics with self-care intentions in ceremonial, recreational, or private settings. Self-perception and existential meaningfulness were identified as the main mechanisms of self-care. Participants also mentioned difficult experiences and adversities that impair self-care. The results suggest that for some people, the use of psychedelics may be experienced as part of a self-care process and may improve self-care abilities in naturalistic settings.


Asunto(s)
Alucinógenos , Investigación Cualitativa , Automedicación , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Alucinógenos/farmacología , Alucinógenos/uso terapéutico , Entrevistas como Asunto , Automedicación/métodos , Automedicación/psicología , Autoevaluación (Psicología) , Fumar/psicología
8.
Alcohol ; 103: 19-24, 2022 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35872162

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to explore whether individuals who self-medicate with alcohol experience higher levels of depression, and whether symptom level experiences are affected by the behavior of self-medication. DESIGN: Data were from the Wave I (2001-2002) National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions - NESARC. Only participants who answered affirmatively to either one or both of the two stem questions that highlight the key symptoms of depression were included (n = 13,753). RESULTS: A one-factor model of depression was supported. Experiences of suicidality were more likely to be endorsed by people who self-medicated, compared to those with low mood who do not use alcohol in this way. Typically, more common experiences of depression in the form of appetite difficulties were less likely to be reported by those who self-medicated, compared to those who do not. CONCLUSIONS: The findings aid understanding of the drinking patterns and other mental health correlates of those who engage in the behavior of self-medication. Findings indicate that those who self-medicate are at a higher risk for suicidality, given the same level of depression. These findings highlight the importance of identifying these potentially problematic health behaviors as early as possible, due to these risks.


Asunto(s)
Etanol , Automedicación , Adulto , Depresión/epidemiología , Humanos , Salud Mental , Automedicación/psicología
9.
PLoS One ; 17(2): e0263631, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35139124

RESUMEN

This study examines the mediating role of work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict between the Big Five personality traits and mental health thereby enhancing theoretical development based upon empirical evidence. Integrating Conservation of Resources theory with the self-medication hypothesis, we conducted a mega-meta analytic path analysis examining the relationships among employees' Big Five traits, work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict, anxiety and depression, and substance use. We produced a ten-by-ten synthetic correlation matrix from existing meta-analytic bivariate relationships to test our sequential mediation model. Results from our path analysis model showed that agreeableness and conscientiousness predicted substance use via mediated paths through both work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict and sequentially through depression as well as through family-to-work conflict followed by anxiety. Extroversion and openness-to-experience had relatively weaker influences on substance use through work-to-family conflict, anxiety, and depression. Neuroticism was the strongest driver of the two forms of conflict, the two mental health conditions, and substance use. From this model it can be inferred that work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict may be generative mechanisms by which the impact of personality is transmitted to mental health outcomes and then to substance use when analyzed via a Conservation of Resources theory lens.


Asunto(s)
Conflicto Familiar , Salud Mental , Estrés Laboral/etiología , Personalidad/fisiología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/etiología , Empleo/psicología , Empleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducta Exploratoria/fisiología , Extraversión Psicológica , Familia/psicología , Conflicto Familiar/psicología , Humanos , Relaciones Interpersonales , Estilo de Vida , Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Neuroticismo/fisiología , Estrés Laboral/epidemiología , Optimismo/psicología , Automedicación/psicología , Automedicación/estadística & datos numéricos
10.
Neuropsychopharmacology ; 47(11): 1875-1882, 2022 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34916591

RESUMEN

The nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) and its afferent and efferent neuronal projections control key aspects of motivation for cocaine. A recently described regulator of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) projections from the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) to the NAcSh (DRN → NAcSh) is the neuropeptide neuromedin U (NMU). Here, we find that systemic administration of NMU decreases breakpoint for cocaine on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement in male rats. Employing a retrograde adeno-associated virus (AAV), we found that RNAi-mediated knockdown of the NMU receptor 2 (NMUR2) in afferent DRN projections to the NAcSh increases the breakpoint for cocaine. Our previous studies demonstrated that NMU regulates GABA release in the NAcSh, and our current investigation found that systemic NMU administration suppresses cocaine-evoked GABA release in the NAcSh and increases phosphorylated c-Fos expression in neurons projecting from the NAcSh to the ventral pallidum (VP). To further probe the impact of NMU/NMUR2 on neuroanatomical pathways regulating motivation for cocaine, we employed multi-viral transsynaptic studies. Using a combination of rabies virus and retrograde AAV helper virus, we mapped the impact of NMU across three distinct brain regions simultaneously and found a direct connection of GABAergic DRN neurons to the NAcSh → VP pathway. Together, these data reveal that NMU/NMUR2 modulates a direct connection within the GABAergic DRN → NAcSh → VP circuit that diminishes breakpoints for cocaine. These findings importantly advance our understanding of the neurochemical underpinnings of pathway-specific regulation of neurocircuitry that may regulate cocaine self-administration, providing a unique therapeutic perspective.


Asunto(s)
Estimulantes del Sistema Nervioso Central , Cocaína , Neuropéptidos , Núcleo Accumbens , Automedicación , Animales , Estimulantes del Sistema Nervioso Central/administración & dosificación , Estimulantes del Sistema Nervioso Central/farmacología , Cocaína/administración & dosificación , Cocaína/farmacología , Masculino , Motivación/efectos de los fármacos , Neuropéptidos/metabolismo , Neuropéptidos/farmacología , Núcleo Accumbens/efectos de los fármacos , Núcleo Accumbens/metabolismo , Ratas , Automedicación/psicología , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/metabolismo
11.
Rev. Costarric. psicol ; 40(2)dic. 2021.
Artículo en Español | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1387253

RESUMEN

Resumen La autoatención, aunque la mayor parte del tiempo se considera como un problema de salud pública, también puede ser considerada un acto de empoderamiento y contrahegemonía; sobretodo, si se toma en consideración la autonomía de los individuos para aliviar y comprender una enfermedad o padecimiento. En el contexto institucional de la atención de la salud, la autoatención se convierte en un espacio donde conviven diversos tipos de instituciones, saberes y representaciones. Por lo anterior, los actores sociales que practican autoatención resignifican y descentralizan la práctica médica y el conocimiento científico. Una parte de esas prácticas es la automedicación. El objetivo de este artículo es explicar cómo la autoatención y la automedicación son parte de la vida cotidiana de los individuos, y cómo esta práctica no se limita a un ámbito médico; en cambio, propone ubicar la práctica de autoatención como parte de una discusión más amplia que tiene base en la ontología del ser social expresada en categorías como el hogar y lo cotidiano. Se plantean retos que requieren pensar en la autoatención y la automedicación desde un pluralismo disciplinar que va desde la antropología y la sociología médica, hasta la economía de la salud, la psicología y la farmacología. Se reflexiona en el hogar como primer espacio real de atención, donde se expresan prácticas laicas y tácticas microsubersivas; el cotidiano como un reflejo de aspectos históricos, sociales, coyunturales, políticos, ambientales, entre otros. Se plantea un modelo atención más allá del consultorio, lo vestal o privado, trasciende la idea del antiguo consultorio.


Abstract Self-care, although most of the time is seen as a public health problem, may also be considered an act of empowerment and counter-hegemony if it takes into consideration the autonomy of social groups to self-understand and self-alleviate a disease or illness. When it comes to the institutional health care context, self-care becomes a space where various types of institutions, knowledge, and representations coexist. Due to the foregoing, social actors practicing self-care re-signify and decentralize medical practice and scientific knowledge, by means of their practice of self-medication. The objective of this article is to explain how selfcare and self-medication are part of an individual's everyday life, and how this practice is not limited to the medical realm; instead, it proposes to locate self-care practices as part of larger discussion about the ontology of a social being, expressed in categories such as the home and the everyday. But doing that poses a series of challenges that require thinking about self-care and self-medication from a perspective of disciplinary pluralism, ranging from anthropology and medical sociology to health economics, psychology and pharmacology. Home is reflected as the first real space of attention, where secular practices and micro-subversive tactics are expressed; also, everyday life as a reflection of historical, social, political and environmental aspects, among others. A care model is proposed beyond the office and the private, transcending the classical idea of a doctor's office.


Asunto(s)
Automedicación/psicología , Autonomía Personal , Psicología Social
12.
BMC Complement Med Ther ; 21(1): 211, 2021 Aug 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34404404

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The incidence of application of medicinal herbs during pregnancy has increased significantly among women over the past years; however, the safety and efficacy of medicinal herbs during pregnancy are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to categorize the predictors of self-medication with herbal remedies during pregnancy based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). METHODS: The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 300 pregnant women referred to Kashan health center to receive prenatal care services in 2020. The study participants were randomly selected using stratified random sampling with proportional allocation. The data collection tool was a two-part researcher made questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire included demographic information, midwifery information, and questions related to women's awareness about herbal medicine. The second part of the questionnaire was designed based on the theory of planned behavior including attitudes, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, intention, and behavior performance. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and SPSS version 18.0. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 28. 7±5.4 years (range, 15-45 years), the majority were housewives (88.3%) and had secondary education (39.3%). A total of 164 women (57. 1%) used medicinal herbs during pregnancy. The individual's attitude towards herbal medicines consumption, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control was correlated with behavioral intention (P < 0.05). Similarly, subjective norms were the most predictor of using herbal medicine among pregnant women (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings revealed that more than 50 % of pregnant women used medicinal herbs during pregnancy. The present study showed that the individual's attitude towards herbal medicines consumption, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control was correlated with intention of herbal medicine use among pregnant women. Likewise, subjective norms were the most predictor of herbal medicine use among pregnant women. The TPB should be addressed in planning health education programs and modifying health behaviors, including self-medication, especially during pregnancy.


Asunto(s)
Medicina de Hierbas , Teoría Psicológica , Automedicación/psicología , Automedicación/tendencias , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Predicción , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Humanos , Irán , Persona de Mediana Edad , Embarazo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven
13.
Pharmacol Res Perspect ; 9(2): e00735, 2021 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33641261

RESUMEN

Self-medication can facilitate patients' access to medicinal products, save time, and reduce financial and health-care service use burden. On the other hand, irresponsible use of self-medications can result in adverse consequences. Self-medication is common among different demographic groups including pregnant women. In general, medicinal products might have harmful effects on mothers and baby. This study aimed to assess self-medication practices among pregnant women in the northern region of Jordan. A cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women attending outpatient clinics in the northern region of Jordan. Self-medication practices among the target population were assessed using a survey questionnaire that was administered through interviewer-assisted mode. Data were collected between December 2019 and September 2020, and descriptive statistics and inferential analysis were applied. A total of 1,313 pregnant women were surveyed (response rate = 95.50%). Self-medication and the use of herbal remedies were practiced by 33.10% and 32.14% of the participant, respectively. Headaches and general pains were the most frequently reported conditions treated by self-medication practice with either conventional medicinal products or herbal remedies. The gravidity (≥4) and the gestational stage (≥28 weeks) were the predictors of self-medication practice. This study showed that self-medication was not widely practiced by pregnant women in the northern region of Jordan. Disease simplicity and previous history were the main motives for self-medicating. Efforts should be made by health-care providers to address pregnant women and educate them to increase their awareness about the unsafe use of medicines and the harmful effects on fetus.


Asunto(s)
Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Pacientes Ambulatorios/estadística & datos numéricos , Complicaciones del Embarazo/tratamiento farmacológico , Automedicación/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Número de Embarazos , Humanos , Jordania , Pacientes Ambulatorios/psicología , Embarazo , Automedicación/psicología , Adulto Joven
14.
J Infect Dev Ctries ; 15(12): 1845-1853, 2021 12 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35044942

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: The misconception and misuse of antibiotics among the public has been widely outlined to be one of the main reasons for bacterial resistance. The aim of the present study was to assess the practices, level of knowledge and attitudes regarding the rational and self-medication use of antibiotics in the general public in different districts of Baghdad province, Iraq. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among 384 participants through an interview using a structured 3-parts questionnaire, consisting of 24 items assessing the demographic characteristics, practices, level of knowledge and attitude towards rational antibiotics use. RESULTS: 45.8% of the study participants reported self-medication of antibiotics without prescription. Flu/common cold and sore throat represented the majority of medical conditions for antibiotics intake without prescription (44.9%, 31.3%) respectively. Oral amoxicillin (34.1%) was the most common non-prescription antibiotic. 50.3% had education about the rational use of antibiotics. 41.4% reported intake of antibiotics after having medical advice, 44% suggested their antibiotics not to be used by other members, and 52.9% stated the importance of antibiotic education among the public. However, 57% of the respondents had negative attitudes regarding antibiotics use for sore throat/fever, the effectiveness of antibiotics for cold/flu (54.7%) and cough (49.2%), to keep antibiotics for future use (40.9%) and not completing the antibiotic course after feeling well (49.2%). CONCLUSIONS: A widespread use of antibiotics without prescription was reported, providing some crucial gaps and a lower level of practice, knowledge and attitudes regarding the use of antibiotics among a sample of the Iraqi population.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Irak , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Automedicación/psicología
15.
Ann Behav Med ; 55(5): 489-502, 2021 05 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32914834

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Pain and substance use are frequently comorbid and have been shown to exert bidirectional effects. Self-medication of pain and distress via substance use is common and can be understood via negative reinforcement, ultimately strengthening the pathway between pain to substance use over time. As such, a testable model of the potentially modifiable candidate mechanisms that underlie the pain to substance use pathway is needed. PURPOSE: This review proposes a testable model of pain as an antecedent to substance use to guide future research and inform clinical practice. METHODS: An integrative review of current evidence regarding pain, substance use, and associated risk factors (i.e., negative affect, pain-related attitudes, negative urgency, and substance use outcome expectancies) was conducted. RESULTS: The Catastrophizing, Anxiety, Negative Urgency, and Expectancy (CANUE) model highlights modifiable risk factors for self-medicating pain with substance use, including increased negative affect and maladaptive pain-related attitudes (i.e., pain catastrophizing, pain anxiety, and fear of pain), negative urgency, and substance-related outcome expectancies for pain relief and enhanced pain coping. CONCLUSIONS: Targeted behavioral and psychological interventions that address these factors may facilitate more adaptive pain-coping responses, thereby reducing the impacts of pain on substance use. Systematic research is needed to evaluate the validity and clinical utility of this model.


Asunto(s)
Modelos Teóricos , Dolor/psicología , Automedicación/psicología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Ansiedad/psicología , Catastrofización/psicología , Miedo/psicología , Humanos , Conducta Impulsiva , Motivación , Factores de Riesgo
16.
PLoS One ; 15(12): e0244454, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33373407

RESUMEN

Despite being a priority population in malaria elimination, there is scant literature on malaria-related behavior among gold miners. This study explores the prevalence and factors influencing malaria prevention, care seeking and treatment behaviors in Guyana gold mining camps. A cross sectional survey was conducted among adult gold miners living in mining camps in the hinterland Regions 1 (Barima-Waini), 7 (Cuyuni-Mazaruni), and 8 (Potaro-Siparuni). Multivariable logistic regressions explored factors associated with miners' self-report of mosquito net use, prompt care-seeking; self-medication; and testing for malaria. A third of miners used a mosquito net the night preceding the survey and net use was higher among those who believed that net use was the norm in their camp (aOR: 3.11; 95% CI:1.65, 5.88). Less than half (45%) of miners had a fever in the past 12 months, among whom 36% sought care promptly, 48% tested positive for malaria while 54% self-medicated before seeking care. Prompt care-seeking was higher among miners with high malaria knowledge (aOR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.05). Similarly, testing rates increased with secondary education (aOR: 1.71; 95% CI: (1.16, 2.51), high malaria knowledge (aOR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.05), positive beliefs regarding malaria transmission, threat, self-diagnosis, testing and treatment, and, trust in government services (aOR: 1.59; 95% CI (1.12, 2.27) and experience of a prior malaria episode (aOR: 2.62; 95% CI: 1.71, 4.00). Self-medication was lower among male miners (aOR: 0. 52; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.86). Malaria prevention and care seeking behaviors among miners are somewhat low and influenced by mosquito net usage, perceived norms, malaria knowledge and prior episode of confirmed malaria. Study findings have implications for malaria interventions in the hinterland regions of Guyana such as the mass and continuous distribution of insecticide treated nets as well as community case management initiatives using trained malaria testing and treatment volunteers to curb malaria transmission among remote gold mining populations. These include efforts to identify and address gaps in distributing mosquito nets to miners and address miners' barriers to prompt care seeking, malaria testing and treatment adherence. Targeted social and behavior change messaging is needed on net acquisition, use and care, prompt care-seeking, malaria testing and treatment adherence. Additional efforts to ensure the overall sustainability of the community case management initiative include increased publicity of the community case management initiative among miners, use of incentives to promote retention rates among the community case management volunteer testers and public private partnerships between the Guyana Ministry of Health and relevant mining organizations.


Asunto(s)
Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Malaria/prevención & control , Mineros/psicología , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Servicios de Salud Comunitaria/organización & administración , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Oro , Guyana , Humanos , Malaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Malaria/parasitología , Malaria/transmisión , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mineros/estadística & datos numéricos , Minería/organización & administración , Mosquiteros/estadística & datos numéricos , Motivación , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Asociación entre el Sector Público-Privado , Automedicación/psicología , Automedicación/estadística & datos numéricos , Autoinforme/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto Joven
17.
Subst Abus ; 41(4): 409-412, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33044893

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Emerging research suggests the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant increase in self-reported isolation and loneliness in a large proportion of the population. This is particularly concerning given that isolation and loneliness are associated with increased cannabis use, as well as using cannabis to cope with negative affect. Objective: We investigated whether self-isolation due to COVID-19 and using cannabis to cope with depression were unique and/or interactive predictors of cannabis use during the pandemic, after controlling for pre-pandemic levels of cannabis use. Method: A sample of 70 emerging adults (mean age = 23.03; 34.3% male) who used both alcohol and cannabis pre-pandemic completed measures of cannabis use (i.e., quantity x frequency) and a novel COVID-19 questionnaire between March 23 and June 15, 2020. Pre-pandemic cannabis use levels had been collected four months earlier. Results: Linear regressions indicated self-isolation and coping with depression motives for cannabis use during the pandemic were significant predictors of pandemic cannabis use levels after accounting for pre-pandemic use levels. There was no interaction between coping with depression motives and self-isolation on cannabis use during the pandemic. Conclusions: Those who engaged in self-isolation were found to use 20% more cannabis during the pandemic than those who did not. Our results suggest that self-isolation is a unique risk factor for escalating cannabis use levels during the pandemic. Thus, self-isolation may inadvertently lead to adverse public health consequences in the form of increased cannabis use.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19/psicología , Soledad/psicología , Fumar Marihuana/epidemiología , Automedicación/psicología , Aislamiento Social/psicología , Adulto , Canadá/epidemiología , Depresión/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto Joven
19.
Antimicrob Resist Infect Control ; 9(1): 150, 2020 09 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32894189

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) is one of the most dangerous inappropriate antibiotic use behaviors. This study aims to investigate the impact of parental SMA for children before a consultation on their doctor's subsequent antibiotic prescribing behavior, including intravenous (IV) antibiotic use in the clinical setting of China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between June 2017 and April 2018 in three provinces of China. A total of 9526 parents with children aged 0-13 years were investigated. Data from 1275 parents who had self-medicated their children and then visited a doctor in the past month were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS: One-third (410) of the studied children had parental SMA before the consultation and 83.9% of them were subsequently prescribed antibiotics by doctors. Children with parental SMA were more likely to be prescribed antibiotics (aOR = 7.79, 95% CI [5.74-10.58]), including IV antibiotics (aOR = 3.05, 95% CI [2.27-4.11]), and both oral and IV antibiotics (aOR = 3.42, 95% CI [2.42-4.84]), than children without parental SMA. Parents with SMA behaviors were more likely to request antibiotics (aOR = 4.05, 95% CI [2.59-6.31]) including IV antibiotics (aOR = 2.58, 95% CI [1.40-4.76]), and be fulfilled by doctors (aOR = 3.22, 95% CI [1.20-8.63]). CONCLUSIONS: Tailored health education for parents is required in both community and clinical settings to discourage parental SMA for children. The doctors should not prescribe unnecessary antibiotics to reinforce parents' SMA behaviors. We recommend expanding the current IV antibiotics ban in outpatient settings of China to cover outpatient pediatrics.


Asunto(s)
Prescripción Inadecuada/estadística & datos numéricos , Padres/psicología , Automedicación/estadística & datos numéricos , Administración Intravenosa , Administración Oral , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , China , Toma de Decisiones Clínicas , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Educación en Salud , Humanos , Prescripción Inadecuada/psicología , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Padres/educación , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina , Automedicación/psicología
20.
BMC Public Health ; 20(1): 1350, 2020 Sep 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32887596

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Self-medication by older adults has been always a public health concern. The present study aimed to modify the psychological constructs of Health Belief Model (HBM) in relation to self-medication behaviors using Freire's Adult Education Model (FAEM) among older adults in Khorramabad, Iran, from 2017 to 2018. METHODS: The mean age of the older adults was 66.28 ± 7.18 years. This was a randomized controlled trial study conducted on 132 individuals older than 60 who were referred from different health care centers. The participants were selected using multistage sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. The data collection instruments included a questionnaire which was designed based on both HBM and self-medication behaviors questionnaire. The phase of adult education model (AEM) was used to modify the psychological constructs of HBM and self-medication behaviors. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 with a significant level of 0.05. Descriptive statistical tests, chi-squared test, paired t-test, independent t-test, and univariate modeling were employed for the purpose of analyzing data. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between groups in terms of self-medication. Unawareness of the effects of medicine were the most important reason for self-medication (p = 0.50). The two groups were not significantly different in terms of knowledge, HBM constructs, and self-medication behaviors (p > 0.05). However, they came up to be considerably different for the above variables after the intervention was implemented (p <  0.05). When the findings were adjusted for the effects of confounding variables, there were significant differences between the two groups in almost all constructs of HBM and their behaviors (p <  0.05). However, the perceived barrier modality of HBM did not reach to a significant level of difference between two groups. CONCLUSION: The educational intervention, which was based on Freire's AEM, had positive effects on the constructs of HBM and consequently on self-medication behaviors. The psychological constructs of HBM were affected at the phases of listening to problems. Self-medication was tempered at the action-reflection phase with shared creation and evaluation of the action plan geared toward the achievement of the behavioral objectives. The results might be of importance to healthcare professionals involved in care of older patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials IRCT2013091814512N2. Registered on January 2 - prospectively registered, the trial was registered in the Iranian Clinical Trials Registry http://www.irct.ir .


Asunto(s)
Modelo de Creencias sobre la Salud , Educación en Salud/métodos , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Automedicación/psicología , Anciano , Femenino , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Humanos , Irán , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
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