Fluidez sexual: contextualização histórica e contributos teóricos / Fluidez sexual: contextualización histórico y aportaciones teóricas / Sexual fluidity: historical contextualization and theoretical contributions

RESUMO. Neste estudo, tivemos como objetivo aprofundar o conceito de fluidez sexual pela análise crítica da literatura e de uma síntese integrativa sobre o tema. Nele, analisamos estudos que se debruçam sobre a fluidez sexual, exploramos o conceito, sob orientação do modo como Lisa Diamond o introduz na literatura científica, o define e operacionaliza. Por fim, debruçamo-nos sobre estudos no âmbito da fluidez sexual, a fim de perceber os significados atribuídos, e questionando o potencial viés de gênero que acompanha um conceito situado num tempo e num contexto heteronormativos. Como contributo para o aprofundamento do conceito e reforço das suas potencialidades, são apresentadas reflexões sobre a relação entre a fluidez sexual e a masculinidade hegemônica, uma relação pouco valorizada na literatura científica. Globalmente, este trabalho promove, criticamente e de modo interseccional, o questionamento sobre a fixação no sexo/gênero das pessoas envolvidas numa situação sexual e são discutidas as fronteiras do conceito de fluidez sexual e a sua (im)permeabilidade.

RESUMEN. En este estudio, buscamos profundizar el concepto de fluidez sexual a través de un análisis crítico de la literatura y de una síntesis integradora sobre el tema. Para tal, se analizaron estudios enfocados en la fluidez sexual y se exploró este mismo concepto según la guía de cómo Lisa Diamond lo introduce en la literatura científica, lo define y lo concretiza. El análisis de los estudios en torno de la fluidez sexual se realizó teniendo como objetivos comprender los significados atribuidos al concepto y cuestionar el posible sesgo de género que acompaña un concepto ubicado en un tiempo y en un contexto heteronormativos. De cara a profundizar el concepto y reforzar su potencial, se presentan reflexiones sobre la relación entre la fluidez sexual y la masculinidad hegemónica, una relación que no se tiene en cuenta habitualmente en la literatura científica. En general, este trabajo contribuye, de manera crítica e interseccional, al cuestionamiento sobre la fijación en el sexo/género de las personas involucradas en una situación sexual y discute los límites del concepto de fluidez sexual y su (im)permeabilidad.

ABSTRACT. In this study, we sought to deepen the concept of sexual fluidity through a critical analysis of the literature and an integrative synthesis on the topic. In it, we analyzed studies that focus on sexual fluidity, explored the concept, under the guidance of how Lisa Diamond introduces it into the scientific literature, defines it, and operationalizes it. Finally, we focused on studies on sexual fluidity, trying to understand the meanings attributed to the concept, questioning the potential gender bias that accompanies a concept located in a heteronormative time and context. As a contribution to the deepening of the concept and reinforcement of its potential, reflections are presented on the relationship between sexual fluidity and hegemonic masculinity, a relationship that is little valued in the scientific literature. Overall, this work promotes, critically and in an intersectional way, the questioning about the fixation in sex/gender of people involved in a sexual situation and discussed the boundaries of the concept of sexual fluidity and its (im)permeability.

Sexualidad y salud sexual / Sexuality and sexual health

En este trabajo se recuerdan las definiciones de salud sexual y su relación con la sexualidad. Se menciona la sexología clínica como disciplina reciente y su aporte a la promoción de la salud. Se detallan algunos trastornos sexuales que constituyen el campo de acción de la sexología clínica. Se citan estudios y estadísticas de los problemas sexuales más frecuentes. Se hace hincapié en su relación con el bienestar y la calidad de vida. Se remarca el avance científico de la sexología clínica en el siglo XXI. (AU)

In this work the definitions of sexual health and its relationship with sexuality are recalled. Clinical sexology is mentioned as a recent discipline and its contribution to health promotion. Some sexual disorders that constitute the clinical sexologys field of action are detailed. Studies and statistics of the most frequent sexual problems are cited. It emphasizes its relation to well-being and the quality of life. The scientific advance of clinical sexology in the XXI century is highlighted. (AU)

[Physical culture, bodies and sexualities in the journal Cultura Sexual y Física, 1937-1941]. / Cultura física, cuerpos y sexualidades en la revista Cultura Sexual y Física, 1937-1941.

This study analyzes the different meanings produced, transmitted and circulated by the journal Cultura Sexual y Física (1937-1941) about sexualities, bodies, desires and forms of otherness from the standpoint of and based on physical culture. In the journal, which was published in Buenos Aires but had an international readership, we examine these issues from a gender perspective via critical discursive analysis in order to demonstrate the nuances, continuities and departure points with regard to the dominant discourse. Hence, we show the polemics triggered by this publication and the attacks on it by conservative sectors, which led to it being banned.

En este trabajo se analizan los distintos sentidos que produjo, transmitió y puso en circulación la revista Cultura Sexual y Física (1937-1941) respecto de las sexualidades, los cuerpos, los deseos y las otredades desde y a partir del campo de la cultura física. Editada en Buenos Aires, pero con una circulación a escala internacional, examinaremos aquellos tópicos desde una perspectiva de género y a través del análisis crítico del discurso para dar cuenta de los matices, continuidades e inflexiones discursivas respecto del discurso dominante. En este sentido, señalaremos las polémicas que suscitó la publicación y los ataques recibidos por parte de sectores conservadores que llevaron a la prohibición de la revista.

Cultura física, cuerpos y sexualidades en la revista cultura sexual y física, 1937-1941 / Physical culture, bodies and sexualities in the journal cultura sexual y física, 1937-1941

Resumen En este trabajo se analizan los distintos sentidos que produjo, transmitió y puso en circulación la revista Cultura Sexual y Física (1937-1941) respecto de las sexualidades, los cuerpos, los deseos y las otredades desde y a partir del campo de la cultura física. Editada en Buenos Aires, pero con una circulación a escala internacional, examinaremos aquellos tópicos desde una perspectiva de género y a través del análisis crítico del discurso para dar cuenta de los matices, continuidades e inflexiones discursivas respecto del discurso dominante. En este sentido, señalaremos las polémicas que suscitó la publicación y los ataques recibidos por parte de sectores conservadores que llevaron a la prohibición de la revista.

Abstract This study analyzes the different meanings produced, transmitted and circulated by the journal Cultura Sexual y Física (1937-1941) about sexualities, bodies, desires and forms of otherness from the standpoint of and based on physical culture. In the journal, which was published in Buenos Aires but had an international readership, we examine these issues from a gender perspective via critical discursive analysis in order to demonstrate the nuances, continuities and departure points with regard to the dominant discourse. Hence, we show the polemics triggered by this publication and the attacks on it by conservative sectors, which led to it being banned.

Negociando saberes e poderes: a Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem e a Sociedade Brasileira de Urologia / Negotiating knowledge and power: the National Policy for Comprehensive Men’ s Healthcare and the Brazilian Society of Urology

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é evidenciar as negociações e disputas entre saberes e poderes na história da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem, a partir da criação da Área Técnica de Saúde do Homem, instituída em 2008 no Departamento de Ações Programáticas Estratégicas no Ministério da Saúde. Acompanhamos a posição da Sociedade Brasileira de Urologia no processo de constituição da política. Recuperamos a disputa colocada em discurso tendo como referência as entrevistas realizadas com gestores do Ministério da Saúde e com o representante auxiliar do Fundo de População das Nações Unidas no Brasil. Nas aparições do sujeito de direitos à saúde, analisamos a visibilidade do corpo masculino nos signos das resistências às intervenções do biopoder.

Abstract The aim of this article is to demonstrate the negotiations and disputes between different kinds of knowledge and power in the history of the Brazilian National Policy for Comprehensive Men’s Healthcare based on the creation in 2008 of the Technical Area for Men’s Health within the Ministry of Health’s Department of Strategic Programs. We observed the Brazilian Society of Urology’s position as the policy was being drawn up, including the discourse adopted, based on interviews held with managers from the Ministry of Health and the assistant representative of the United Nations Population Fund in Brazil. We analyzed the visibility of the male body in signs of resistance to the interventions of biopower in the expression of the right to health.

[Negotiating knowledge and power: the National Policy for Comprehensive Men's Healthcare and the Brazilian Society of Urology]. / Negociando saberes e poderes: a Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem e a Sociedade Brasileira de Urologia.

The aim of this article is to demonstrate the negotiations and disputes between different kinds of knowledge and power in the history of the Brazilian National Policy for Comprehensive Men's Healthcare based on the creation in 2008 of the Technical Area for Men's Health within the Ministry of Health's Department of Strategic Programs. We observed the Brazilian Society of Urology's position as the policy was being drawn up, including the discourse adopted, based on interviews held with managers from the Ministry of Health and the assistant representative of the United Nations Population Fund in Brazil. We analyzed the visibility of the male body in signs of resistance to the interventions of biopower in the expression of the right to health.

El "retorno de lo reprimido": el papel de la sexualidad en la recepción del psicoanálisis en el círculo médico chileno, 1910-1940 / The "return of the repressed": the role of sexuality in the reception of psychoanalysis in Chilean medical circles, 1910-1940

Aborda la recepción del psicoanálisis en el circuito médico chileno a partir de la década de 1910. Los hallazgos permitieron reconstruir cómo el freudismo fue primeramente rechazado por la incipiente escena psiquiátrica local, acusándolo de pansexualista. En la década de 1930 este panorama cambiará, ya se apreciará una revaloración del psicoanálisis a nivel local, calificándolo precisamente como un saber especializado en la sexualidad. El realce del mecanismo de la "sublimación", estimado por su capacidad de hacer transmutar la peligrosidad del "ello" en productos culturalmente aceptados, será el hito que marcará este "retorno de lo reprimido" del factor sexual del psicoanálisis en Chile. Se discutirán las posibles variables sociales, políticas y económicas que influyeron en este fenómeno.

This article discusses the reception of psychoanalysis in Chilean medical circles from the decade of 1910 onwards. The findings make it possible to reconstruct how Freudianism was initially rejected by the incipient local psychiatric milieu, accusing it of being pansexualist. In the 1930s, this situation changed, and a reassessment of psychoanalysis was made at a local level, describing it precisely as a branch of knowledge specialized in sexuality. The highlighting of the "sublimation" mechanism, esteemed for its ability to transmute the danger of the "id" into culturally accepted products, is a milestone that marked this "return of the repressed" of the sexual factor of psychoanalysis in Chile. The possible social, political and economic variables that influenced this phenomenon are duly discussed.

Alcoolismo e estética da existência: Jack London e a lógica branca de John Barleycorn / Alcoholism and the aesthetics of existence: Jack London and the white logic of John Barleycorn

Elaborada durante as discussões da Lei Seca e o Sufrágio Universal nos EUA, no início do século XX - duas emendas que seriam aprovadas no sistema constitucional americano -, Memórias alcoólicas, do escritor norteamericano Jack London, é considerada uma obra referencial sobre o tema do alcoolismo. Tendo esse tema como fio condutor, o artigo analisa como a sua prosa se constitui em prática de si enquanto construção de subjetividade e organização da existência. Investiga como essa obra estabelece relações com a temática do cuidado de si, problematizada por Michel Foucault nos volumes 2 e 3 da História da sexualidade, acerca da estética da existência e das artes de viver presentes no universo social greco-romano e helenístico.

Employing this theme as a guideline, this article examines how his prose amounts to self-practice in the construction of subjectivity and the organization of existence. It investigates how this work is related to the theme of self-care, analyzed by Michel Foucault in volumes 2 and 3 of the History of sexuality, as regards the aesthetics of existence and the art of living which existed in the Greco-Roman and Hellenistic worlds.

[The "return of the repressed": the role of sexuality in the reception of psychoanalysis in Chilean medical circles, 1910-1940]. / El "retorno de lo reprimido": el papel de la sexualidad en la recepción del psicoanálisis en el círculo médico chileno, 1910-1940.

This article discusses the reception of psychoanalysis in Chilean medical circles from the decade of 1910 onwards. The findings make it possible to reconstruct how Freudianism was initially rejected by the incipient local psychiatric milieu, accusing it of being pansexualist. In the 1930s, this situation changed, and a reassessment of psychoanalysis was made at a local level, describing it precisely as a branch of knowledge specialized in sexuality. The highlighting of the "sublimation" mechanism, esteemed for its ability to transmute the danger of the "id" into culturally accepted products, is a milestone that marked this "return of the repressed" of the sexual factor of psychoanalysis in Chile. The possible social, political and economic variables that influenced this phenomenon are duly discussed.

[Alcoholism and the aesthetics of existence: Jack London and the white logic of John Barleycorn]. / Alcoolismo e estética da existência: Jack London e a lógica branca de John Barleycorn.

Employing this theme as a guideline, this article examines how his prose amounts to self-practice in the construction of subjectivity and the organization of existence. It investigates how this work is related to the theme of self-care, analyzed by Michel Foucault in volumes 2 and 3 of the History of sexuality, as regards the aesthetics of existence and the art of living which existed in the Greco-Roman and Hellenistic worlds.

Particularidades de la educación sexual en Cuba / Peculiarities of sex education in Cuba

Se expone un estudio evolutivo de las particularidades del proceso de la educación de la sexualidad en Cuba desde los puntos de vista pedagógico, psicológico y sociológico, en el cual se utilizó el método histórico-lógico para la determinación de las tendencias históricas. Asimismo, para el análisis se empleó el enfoque teórico-metodológico del proceso de educación de la sexualidad en la crítica social, implementado en el Programa Nacional de Educación Sexual elaborado por el Centro Nacional de Educación Sexual (CENESEX) y se identificaron 4 etapas de su desarrollo, así como las tendencias en sus transformaciones(AU)

A developmental study of peculiarities of the sex education process in Cuba from the pedagogical, psychological and sociological points of view is presented, which used the historical and logical method for determining historical trends. Also, the analysis was performed using the theoretical and methodological approach to the process of sex education in social criticism, implemented in the National Sex Education Program developed by the National Center of Sex Education(CENESEX), and 4 stages of its development were identified, as well as the trends in its transformations(AU)