Dermatological complications of therapy with biologics in inflammatory autoimmune diseases.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cutaneous adverse events (CAEs) occur in up to 10 % of patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) treated with antitumor necrosis factor (TNF)α agents. The aim of this clinical study was to track and observe the course of CAEs in all biologic therapies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The population for this study consisted of patients with CAEs under biologic therapy who were examined by experienced board-certified dermatologists in the outpatient department of the University Hospital Essen, Department of Dermatology. RESULTS: Altogether 39 patients with a total of 45 CAEs were included in this study. In 60 % of the cases a form of paradoxical psoriasis was diagnosed. Two thirds (66.6 %) of the patients with CAEs were diagnosed with an underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). TNFα antagonists were the triggering agents in about 95 % of the cases. Changes in biological therapy were required in nearly half of the cases (46.2 %). Almost 90 % of the patients had either a complete (42.1 %) or a partial response (47 %). CONCLUSIONS: Management of CEAs under biological therapy can be challenging in clinical practice. Case discussions between gastroenterologists, rheumatologists and dermatologists should be undertaken to best manage patients with CAEs and avoid unnecessary changes of therapy.

Reacciones cutáneas debido al uso de icodextrina en pacientes en diálisis peritoneal / Skin reactions with the use of icodextrin in peritoneal dialysis patients

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Treatment of human scabies with oral ivermectin. Eczematous eruptions as a new non-reported adverse event / Tratamiento de la sarna en humanos con ivermectina oral. Erupciones eccematosas como nuevos efectos adversos no reportados

Background: Oral ivermectin is an alternative therapy for human scabies infection due to its ease of administration and good safety profile. However, there is no definitive consensus on the optimal dosing regimen. Objective: To describe the treatment of human scabies with different dosages of oral ivermectin and the possible adverse events. Methods: 23 patients with human scabies were treated with oral ivermectin: 10 patients received a single oral dose of 200μg/kg and 13 a dose of 400μg/kg. A second, or even a third dose, was administered in cases of treatment failure. Results: A complete clinical response was achieved by all of the patients. The first ten patients required at least two (80%) or three (20%) doses of ivermectin for complete resolution of the infection. The remaining cases resolved with a single 400μg/kg oral dose. Within the first 72h after the administration of oral ivermectin, new cutaneous lesions were observed in eleven patients (47.8%). Cutaneous biopsies showed signs of subacute eczema. The eruption was treated with topical corticosteroids and emollient therapy. There was no other new drug administration or a history of irritants. There was no history of atopic diathesis except for one patient. Conclusions: Oral ivermectin is an effective therapy for the treatment of human scabies. A single 400μg/kg oral dose demonstrated high efficacy and good tolerance. However, the appearance of eczematous cutaneous lesions induced by oral ivermectin has not previously been reported in the literature. Dermatologists should be aware of this possible adverse event (AU)

Introducción: La ivermectina oral es una alternativa terapéutica en el tratamiento de la escabiosis humana debido a su fácil administración y buen perfil de seguridad. Sin embargo, no existe un consenso definido sobre un esquema adecuado de dosificación. Objetivo: Describir el tratamiento de escabiosis en humanos con diferentes dosis de ivermectina oral y sus posibles efectos adversos. Métodos: 23 pacientes con escabiosis fueron tratados con ivermectina oral; 10 pacientes recibieron una única dosis de 200 μg/kg y 13 pacientes, una dosis de 400 μg/kg. Una segunda, e incluso, una tercera dosis fueron administradas en casos de fallo terapeútico. Resultados: Todos los pacientes tuvieron respuesta clínica al tratamiento. Los primeros 10 pacientes necesitaron, al menos, 2 dosis (80%) o 3 dosis (20%) para conseguir una remisión completa de la infección. En el resto de pacientes se resolvió con una única dosis oral de 400 μg/kg. En las primeras 72 horas tras la administración de ivermectina oral se observaron nuevas lesiones cutáneas en 11 pacientes (47,8%). Las biopsias cutáneas mostraron signos de eccema subagudo. Se realizó tratamiento con corticoterapia tópica y emolientes. No había antecedentes de toma de otros fármacos, contacto con agentes irritantes ni historia de dermatitis atópica salvo en 1 paciente. Conclusiones: Ivermectina oral es una terapia eficaz en el tratamiento de escabiosis humana. Una dosis única de 400 μg/kg demostró una alta eficacia y buena tolerancia. Sin embargo, la aparición de lesiones cutaneas eccematosas inducidas por ivermectina oral no había sido descrito previamente en la literatura y por tanto, consideramos que los dermatólogos deberían conocer este posible efecto adverso (AU)

Tatuajes de henna negra, ¿temporales? / Black henna tattoos, are they temporary?

Los tatuajes de henna natural (marrón/roja) se llevan realizando desde antaño con escasos efectos secundarios. En la actualidad está aumentando la práctica de tatuajes temporales de henna negra (que está adulterada principalmente con parafenilendiamina [PPD]) gracias a su aparente inocuidad y a su desaparición en pocas semanas. La PPD es un colorante sintético de uso frecuente en tintes capilares, que permite mejorar sus propiedades cosméticas, pero, secundariamente, presenta un gran poder sensibilizante, lo que ha propiciado la aparición de múltiples casos de eccemas de contacto, muchos de ellos en niños y adolescentes, debido a la cada vez más amplia oferta de tatuadores y al desconocimiento de los padres acerca de los riesgos de esta práctica. Nuestra labor como pediatras es informar adecuadamente a los padres acerca de estos riesgos, con el fin de evitar los efectos dañinos derivados de ella. Presentamos un caso de dermatitis de contacto tras la realización de un tatuaje y revisamos de forma breve la bibliografía publicada al respecto (AU)

Tattoos of natural red/brown henna have been traditionally performed with a few side effects. Black henna temporary tattoos, which contain paraphenylenediamine (PPD), have become increasingly popular because of their apparent harmlessness and disappearance in few weeks. PPD is a synthetic colorant used in hair dyes which improves its cosmetic properties; but, secondly, it has a great sensitization power. Due to that sensitization many cases of allergic contact dermatitis occurring after tattooing have been reported, especially in children and teenagers, since there are many tattoo-painters and the parents are unaware of the risks of these tattoos. Our labor as pediatricians should be to report parents on the risks of this practice properly for avoiding harmful effects. We present one case of allergic contact dermatitis after tattooing and briefly review the literature on the risks of this practice (AU)

Lesiones eccematosas de distribución generalizada / Widespread eczematous lesions

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Placas eritematoedematosas y dolorosas: un inusual efecto secundario por pemetrexed / Painful generalized erythematous patches: A very rare cutaneous adverse effect of pemetrexed

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Efectos adversos cutáneos del imatinib (inhibidor de la tirosín cinasa) / Adverse Skin Effects of Imatinib, a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor

El imatinib mesilato es un inhibidor de la tirosín cinasa de administración oral que inhibe la BCR-abl, c-KIT y el platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). Sus indicaciones fundamentales son la leucemia mieloide crónica y los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal. En Dermatología se emplea en enfermedades como el dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, esclerosis sistémica y mastocitosis sistémica, entre otras. Es un fármaco en general bien tolerado, con la mayoría de efectos adversos leves o moderados. Los efectos secundarios dermatológicos son muy frecuentes e incluyen erupciones cutáneas inespecíficas como edema o erupciones maculopapulosas o con características clínicas distintivas (liquenoides, psoriasiformes, pustulosis exantemática aguda generalizada, síndrome de Stevens- Johnson…). Identificar y tratar correctamente estas reacciones puede ayudar a optimizar la adherencia del paciente al tratamiento y mejorar el pronóstico de su enfermedad de base

Imatinib mesylate is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets the BCR-ABL, c-kit, and PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) receptors. Imatinib is mainly indicated for chronic myeloid leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors but is also prescribed by dermatologists for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, systemic sclerosis, and systemic mastocytosis, among other conditions. Most adverse effects are mild or moderate and therapy is generally well tolerated. Adverse skin effects are very common and include nonspecific manifestations such as edema and maculopapular rashes or eruptions of diverse types (lichenoid or psoriasiform lesions, acute generalized exanthematic pustulosis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and more). Identifying and properly treating these reactions can help optimize adherence to treatment and improve the prognosis of the underlying disease

Accumulation of invariant NKT cells into inflamed skin in a novel murine model of nickel allergy.

Nickel (Ni) can cause delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, which are thought to be mediated by the accumulation of T cells into inflamed skin. Accumulated T cells at the developmental stages in metal allergy are poorly characterized because a suitable animal model has not been established. To investigate the accumulated T cells in allergic inflamed skin, we generated a novel murine model of Ni-induced allergy. The murine model of Ni allergy was induced by two sensitizations of Ni plus lipopolysaccharide solution into the groin followed by three challenges with Ni solution into the footpad. Here we show that a specific TCR repertoire bearing Vα14Jα18, called natural killer (NK) T cells, was expanded monoclonally in BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice. Accumulation of NKT cells was characterized as CD4(+) or CD4(-)CD8(-) T cells. These results suggested that NKT cells are major pathogenic T cells at the elicitation phase of Ni allergy.

Eritema fijo medicamentoso: claves diagnósticas / Fixed drug eruption: diagnostic clues

El eritema fijo medicamentoso (EFM) es una variante especial de toxicodermia caracterizada por la aparición de lesiones cutáneas y/o mucosas que presentan recurrencias siempre en la misma localización tras la administración oral del agente causal, normalmente un fármaco. El diagnóstico es fundamentalmente clínico, basado en una anamnesis farmacológica exhaustiva y en el reconocimiento de las manifestaciones clínicas características de esta entidad. Existen algunas pruebas diagnósticas que contribuyen a confirmar el diagnóstico, como la prueba del parche aplicando sobre la piel el fármaco sospechoso, la prueba de provocación oral con la toma del fármaco por vía oral y la biopsia cutánea. Presentamos 3 casos de EFM y describimos sus características clínicas y el procedimiento diagnóstico seguido en estos casos (AU)

Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a special variant of toxicoderma characterised by skin lesions and / or mucous which always occurs in the same location after oral administration of the causal agent, usually a drug. The diagnosis is mainly clinical, based on a thorough drug history and recognition of clinical features of this condition. There are several diagnostic tests that help confirm the diagnosis, such as applying a patch test on skin suspected drugs, the oral provocation test with oral drug intake and skin biopsy. We present three cases of fixed drug eruption and describe its clinical features and the diagnostic procedure followed in these cases (AU)