RESUMEN
Due to the high content of impurities such as proteins in tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP), they must be separated and purified before it can be used. TSP can disperse in cold water, but a solution can only be obtained by heating the mixture. Therefore, it is important to understand the dispersion and dissolution process of TSP at different temperatures to expand the application of TSP. In this study, pasting behavior and rheological properties as a function of temperature were characterized in comparison with potato starch (PS), and their relationship with TSP molecular features and microstructure was revealed. Pasting behavior showed that TSP had higher peak viscosity and stronger thermal stability than PS. Rheological properties exhibited that G' and G'' of TSP gradually increased with the increase in temperature, without exhibiting typical starch gelatinization behavior. The crystalline or amorphous structure of TSP and starch was disrupted under different temperature treatment conditions. The SEM results show that TSP particles directly transformed into fragments with the temperature increase, while PS granules first expanded and then broken down into fragments. Therefore, TSP and PS underwent different dispersion mechanisms during the dissolution process: As the temperature gradually increased, TSP possibly underwent a straightforward dispersion and was then dissolved in aqueous solution, while PS granules initially expanded, followed by disintegration and dispersion.
Asunto(s)
Polisacáridos , Reología , Semillas , Almidón , Tamarindus , Temperatura , Tamarindus/química , Polisacáridos/química , Semillas/química , Viscosidad , Almidón/química , Fenómenos QuímicosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Niacin, an established therapeutic for dyslipidemia, is hindered by its propensity to induce significant cutaneous flushing when administered orally in its unmodified state, thereby constraining its clinical utility. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to fabricate, characterize, and assess the in-vitro and in-vivo effectiveness of niacin-loaded polymeric films (NLPFs) comprised of carboxymethyl tamarind seed polysaccharide. The primary objective was to mitigate the flushing-related side effects associated with oral niacin administration. METHODS: NLPFs were synthesized using the solvent casting method and subsequently subjected to characterization, including assessments of tensile strength, moisture uptake, thickness, and folding endurance. Surface characteristics were analyzed using a surface profiler and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Potential interactions between niacin and the polysaccharide core were investigated through X-ray diffraction experiments (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The viscoelastic properties of the films were explored using a Rheometer. In-vitro assessments included drug release studies, swelling behavior assays, and antioxidant assays. In-vivo efficacy was evaluated through skin permeation assays, skin irritation assays, and histopathological analyses. RESULTS: NLPFs exhibited a smooth texture with favorable tensile strength and moisture absorption capabilities. Niacin demonstrated interaction with the polysaccharide core, rendering the films amorphous. The films displayed slow and sustained drug release, exceptional antioxidant properties, optimal swelling behavior, and viscoelastic characteristics. Furthermore, the films exhibited biocompatibility and non-toxicity towards skin cells. CONCLUSION: NLPFs emerged as promising carrier systems for the therapeutic transdermal delivery of niacin, effectively mitigating its flushing-associated adverse effects.
Asunto(s)
Administración Cutánea , Liberación de Fármacos , Niacina , Polisacáridos , Ratas Wistar , Absorción Cutánea , Piel , Animales , Ratas , Niacina/administración & dosificación , Niacina/química , Niacina/farmacología , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/administración & dosificación , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Piel/metabolismo , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Absorción Cutánea/efectos de los fármacos , Rubor/inducido químicamente , Resistencia a la Tracción , Masculino , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Tamarindus/química , Polímeros/químicaRESUMEN
Metformin (MET) can be an alternative therapeutic strategy for managing ocular burn primarily because of its pleiotropic mechanism. Longer retention on the ocular surface and sustained release are necessary to ensure the efficacy of MET for ocular application. Although the high aqueous solubility of MET is good for formulation and biocompatibility, it makes MET prone to high nasolacrimal drainage. This limits ocular residence and may be a challenge in its application. To address this, polymers approved for ophthalmic application with natural origin were analyzed through in silico methods to determine their ability to bind to mucin and interact with MET. An ocular insert of MET (3 mg/6 mm) was developed using a scalable solvent casting method without using preservatives. The relative composition of the insert was 58 ± 2.06 %w/w MET with approximately 14 %w/w tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP), and 28 %w/w propylene glycol (PG). Its stability was demonstrated as per the ICH Q1A (R2) guidelines. Compatibility, ocular retention, drug release, and other functional parameters were evaluated. In rabbits, efficacy was demonstrated in the 'corneal alkali burn preclinical model'. TSP showed potential for mucoadhesion and interaction with MET. With adequate stability and sterility, the insert contributed to adequate retention of MET (10-12 h) in vivo and slow release (30 h) in vitro. This resulted in significant efficacy in vivo.
Asunto(s)
Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Liberación de Fármacos , Quemaduras Oculares , Metformina , Polisacáridos , Semillas , Tamarindus , Animales , Metformina/química , Metformina/administración & dosificación , Conejos , Tamarindus/química , Polisacáridos/química , Semillas/química , Quemaduras Oculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Quemaduras Oculares/inducido químicamente , Administración Oftálmica , Implantes de Medicamentos , Masculino , Quemaduras Químicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Estabilidad de Medicamentos , Lesiones de la Cornea/tratamiento farmacológico , Córnea/metabolismo , Córnea/efectos de los fármacos , Propilenglicol/química , SolubilidadRESUMEN
Traditional petroleum-based food-packaging materials have poor permeability, limited active packaging properties, and difficulty in biodegradation, limiting their application. We developed a carboxymethylated tamarind seed polysaccharide composite film incorporated with ε-polylysine (CTPε) for better application in fresh-cut agricultural products. The CTPε films exhibit excellent water vapor barrier properties, but the mechanical properties are slightly reduced. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectra indicate the formation of hydrogen bonds between ε-PL and CTP, leading to their internal reorganization and dense network structure. With the increase of ε-PL concentration, composite films showed notable inhibition of postharvest pathogenic fungi and bacteria, a significant enhancement of 2,2'- azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical-scavenging activity, and gradual improvement of wettability performance. Cytotoxicity experiments confirmed the favorable biocompatibility when ε-PL was added at 0.3% (CTPε2). In fresh-cut bell pepper preservation experiments, the CTPε2 coating effectively delayed weight loss and malondialdehyde increase preserved the hardness, color, and nutrients of fresh-cut peppers and prolonged the shelf life of the fresh-cut peppers, as compared with the control group. Therefore, CTPε composite films are expected to be a valuable packaging material for extending the shelf life of freshly cut agricultural products.
Asunto(s)
Capsicum , Quitosano , Tamarindus , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/análisis , Polilisina/farmacología , Polilisina/química , Capsicum/microbiología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Embalaje de Alimentos , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Semillas/química , Quitosano/químicaRESUMEN
Xyloglucan (XG), as a natural biopolymer, possesses a sound biocompatibility and an impressive biodegradability, which are usually featured with abundant hydroxyl groups available for the bioconjugation with a bioactive moiety, suggesting a promising or unique value possibly applied in the field of biomedicine. In this study, XG was extracted from Tamarind seeds and subjected to four regioselective oxidation methods to introduce carboxyl groups onto the XG molecules for a bioconjugation with collagen. Galactose oxidase and reducing end aldehyde group oxidation mainly resulted in a low carboxylate content at â¼0.34 mmol/g, whereas the primary and secondary hydroxyl group oxidations would lead to a high carboxyl content at â¼0.84 mmol/g. The number-average molar mass (Mn) and weight-average molar mass (Mw) of XG were 8.8 × 105 g/mol and 1.1 × 106 g/mol, respectively. The oxidized XGs were then subjected to a further biofunctionalization with the collagen through EDC/NHS coupling, which exhibited a degree of conjugation rate, ranged from 50 % to 72 %. The collagen-conjugated at the C6 position of XGs exhibited the highest cell viability recorded at 168 % in promoting cell growth and proliferation after 72 h of culture, surpassing that of pure collagen recorded at 138 %, which may indeed suggest a promising value in a biomedical application.
Asunto(s)
Colágeno , Glucanos , Oxidación-Reducción , Xilanos , Ácidos Carboxílicos/química , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Colágeno/química , Glucanos/química , Tamarindus/química , Xilanos/química , Animales , Ratones , Células 3T3 NIHRESUMEN
Plant-microbe associations have been regarded as an exciting topic of research due to their potential as environment friendly alternatives for stimulating crop growth and development. Seeds of Tamarindus indica L. have been chosen for the present study as seed endophytes prefer larger or nutritive cotyledon and hard seed coats for their colonization. The main objectives of our study were to isolate and identify the seed endophytes, their bioefficacy, and responsible chemical compounds. In a dose-dependent experiment, tamarind seed exudates (TSE) showed plant growth-promoting properties on Oryza sativa (53-81%), Daucus carota (10-31%), and Raphanus sativa (21-42%). Identification of the bacterial load in TSE through 16S rRNA sequencing revealed the existence of two bacterial species, Acinetobacter johnsonii and Niallia nealsonii. This is the first report of these two bacteria as seed endophytes of Tamarindus indica L. HRLC-MS analysis of TSE confirmed the presence of indole derivatives, primarily indole-3-lactic acid (ILA). The quantitative phytochemical estimation of bacterial culture filtrates revealed that indole-like substances were present in the extracts only in A. johnsonii at a concentration of 0.005 mg/ml of indole acetic acid equivalent. Experimental results suggested that the stimulatory activity of TSE was caused by the presence of A. johnsonii, a potential plant growth-promoting bacteria that produced indole-like compounds. This study suggests tamarind seed exudates with its endophytic microbiota as a potent plant growth-promoting agent that may find use as a cheap and sustainable source of metabolites useful in the agro-industries.
Asunto(s)
Acinetobacter , Tamarindus , Tamarindus/química , Endófitos , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Semillas/microbiología , Plantas , Bacterias/genéticaRESUMEN
The anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and biocompatibility nature of Tamarindus indica L. fruit coat aqueous extract were investigated in this research through in-vitro and in-vivo studies. The anti-inflammatory property was determined through albumin denaturation inhibition and antiprotease activities as up to 39.5% and 41.2% respectively at 30 mg mL-1 concentration. Furthermore, the antidiabetic activity was determined through α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition as up to 62.15% and 67.35% respectively at 30 mg mL-1 dosage. The albino mice based acute toxicity study was performed by different treatment groups (group I-V) with different dosages of aqueous extract to detect the biocompatibility of sample. Surprisingly, findings revealed that the T. indica L. fruit coat aqueous extract had no harmful impacts on any of the groups. Urine, as well as serum parameter analysis, confirmed this. Moreover, the findings of SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), GST (Glutathione-S-transferase), & CAT (Catalase) as well as glutathione peroxidase as well as reduced glutathione antioxidant enzymes studies stated that the aqueous extract possess high antioxidant ability via a dose-dependent way. These findings indicate that T. indica fruit coat aqueous extract contains medicinally important phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties, as well as being biocompatible in nature.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios , Frutas , Hipoglucemiantes , Extractos Vegetales , Tamarindus , Animales , Ratones , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Frutas/química , Tamarindus/química , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Masculino , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , FemeninoRESUMEN
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been reported to modulate bone tissue regeneration and are being extensively utilized in biomedical implementations attributable to their low cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and simplicity of functionalization. Lately, biologically synthesized nanoparticles have acquired popularity because of their environmentally acceptable alternatives for diverse applications. Here we report the green synthesis of AuNPs by taking the biopolymer Carboxymethyl Tamarind (CMT) as a unique reducing as well as a stabilizing agent. The synthesized CMT-AuNPs were analyzed by UV-vis spectrophotometer, DLS, FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM and TEM. These results suggest that CMT-AuNPs possess an average size of 19.93 ± 8.52 nm and have long-term stability. Further, these CMT-AuNPs promote the proliferation together with the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast cells in a "dose-dependent" manner. Additionally, CMT-AuNPs are non-toxic to SD rats when applied externally. We suggest that the CMT-AuNPs have the potential to be a suitable and non-toxic agent for differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast cells in vitro and this can be tested in vivo as well.
Asunto(s)
Nanopartículas del Metal , Tamarindus , Ratas , Animales , Oro/farmacología , Calcio , Biomineralización , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Extractos VegetalesRESUMEN
Excess consumption of sweetened beverages is associated with a global rise in metabolic diseases. Tamarind and partially-hydrolyzed agave syrup have potential for developing healthier beverages. Our objective was to develop a functional beverage using these ingredients (PH-AS-B). We also evaluate shelf-life stability (physicochemical, microbiological, and antioxidant properties) and health effects in C57BL/6 mice compared with tamarind beverages sweetened with glucose or fructose. Optimal tamarind extraction conditions were a 1:10 ratio (g pulp/mL water) and boiling for 30 min, and the resulting beverage had a shelf life of two months at 4 °C. Non-volatile metabolites were identified using HPLC/MS. PH-AS-B was associated with decreased blood cholesterol (5%) and triglyceride (20-35%) concentrations in healthy mice as well as lower lipid (82%) concentrations and evidence of protein oxidation (42%) in the liver, compared with glucose- and fructose-sweetened tamarind beverages. In conclusion, PH-AS-B was stable and associated with beneficial metabolic properties in healthy mice.
Asunto(s)
Agave , Jarabe de Maíz Alto en Fructosa , Tamarindus , Ratones , Animales , Agave/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Glucosa/metabolismo , Bebidas , Edulcorantes/metabolismo , Fructosa/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as public health concern worldwide as the rising incidence in multidrug resistance bacteria. This consequently enforces the need to find a new antimicrobial agent where plants have a potential source. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of fruit pulp extract of the Tamarindus indica against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Maceration technique was employed for subsequent extraction of the sample using acetone and ethanol. Antibacterial activity of the plant extract was investigated based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Gram-negative strain (K. pneumoniae (ATCC 700603)) and Gram-positive strain (S. aureus (ATCC 25923)) using agar disc-diffusion technique. RESULTS: It was found that both acetone and ethanol extracts showed significant antibacterial activities, against both S. aureus and K. pneumoniae as compared to the negative control (P = 0.00), but no significantly different from the drug (P > 0.05). However, K. pneumoniae showed more sensitivity to the extracts than S. aureus with MIC value of 18.75 mg/mL and 9.38 mg/mL for both acetone and ethanol extracts against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae respectively. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that the fruit pulp have antibacterial properties, which might validate their traditional uses.
Asunto(s)
Staphylococcus aureus , Tamarindus , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Frutas , Acetona , Antibacterianos/farmacología , EtanolRESUMEN
Tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) is a biocompatible, non-ionic polymer with antioxidant properties. Its uses include drug delivery, food industry, and wastewater treatment. TSP has various hydroxy functional groups, one of the most favorable sites for graft copolymerization of different monomers. Hence, various chemical methods for TSP modification were developed to satisfy increasing industrial demand. Of particular interest in scientific community are the methods of graft copolymerization because of their ability to alter the physicochemical properties of TSP, including pH sensitivity and the swelling index, leading to improvements in the adsorption efficiency of hazardous heavy metals and dyes from wastewater effluents. Moreover, in recent years, TSP has been used for controlled drug delivery applications due to its unique advantages of high viscosity, broad pH tolerance, non-carcinogenicity, mucoadhesive properties, biocompatibility, and high drug entrapment capacity. In light of the plethora of literature on the topic, a comprehensive review of TSP-based graft copolymers and unmodified and modified TSP important applications is necessary. Therefore, this review comprehensively highlights several synthetic strategies for TSP-grafted copolymers and discusses unmodified and modified TSP potential applications, including cutting-edge pharmaceutical, environmental applications, etc. In brief, its many advantages make TSP-based polysaccharide a promising material for applications in various industries.
Asunto(s)
Tamarindus , Tamarindus/química , Polisacáridos/química , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Viscosidad , Semillas/químicaRESUMEN
In this work, a zein-tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) co-delivery system was fabricated using an anti-solvent precipitation method. The formation mechanism, characterization, and effect on alleviating colitis and gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice of zein-TSP-curcumin (Z/T-Cur) nanocomplexes were investigated. Hydrogen bonding and the hydrophobic effect played a key role in the formation of Z/T-Cur nanocomplexes, and the interactions were spontaneous and driven by enthalpy. The encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and bioavailability increased from 60.8% (Zein-Cur) to 91.7% (Z/T-Cur1:1), from 6.1% (Zein-Cur) to 18.3% (Z/T-Cur1:1), and from 4.7% (Zein-Cur) to 20.0% (Z/T-Cur1:1), respectively. The Z/T-Cur significantly alleviated colitis symptoms in DSS-treated mice. Additionally, the prepared nanocomplexes rebalanced the gut microbiota composition of colitis mice by increasing the abundance of Akkermansia. Odoribacter and Monoglobus were rich in the Z-T-Cur treatment group, and Turicibacter and Bifidobacterium were rich in the zein-TSP treatment group. This study demonstrated that the TSP could be helpful in the targeted drug delivery system.
Asunto(s)
Colitis , Curcumina , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Nanopartículas , Tamarindus , Zeína , Animales , Ratones , Curcumina/química , Zeína/química , Nanopartículas/química , Disbiosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Polisacáridos , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Tamaño de la PartículaRESUMEN
Mucoadhesive films based on tamarind seed polysaccharide and guar gum (TSP-GG) were formulated for buccal delivery of resveratrol. Resveratrol-bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (Res-BSA) were prepared and dispersed in TSP-GG to improve its buccal mucoadhesiveness. The impregnation of Res-BSA induced the dense internal structures of TSP-GG and improved its strength and rigidity. Structural characterization showed that resveratrol existed in an amorphous state in the films containing Res-BSA, and hydrogen bonding was formed between Res-BSA and the film matrices. The films containing Res-BSA exhibited good uniformity in thickness, weight, and resveratrol content, and their surface pH was near neutral, ranging between 6.78 and 7.09. Increasing Res-BSA content reduced the water contact angle of TSP-GG (from 75.9° to 59.6°). The swelling and erosion studies indicated the favorable hydration capacity and erosion resistance of the films containing Res-BSA. Additionally, the addition of Res-BSA imparted enhanced ex vivo mucoadhesive force, in the range of 1.53 N to 1.98 N, and extended ex vivo residence time, between 17.9 h and 18.9 h, to TSP-GG. The current study implied that the composite systems of TSP-GG and Res-BSA may be a novel platform for buccal mucosal delivery of resveratrol.
Asunto(s)
Galactanos , Mananos , Nanopartículas , Gomas de Plantas , Tamarindus , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Resveratrol , Albúmina Sérica Bovina , Tamarindus/química , Polisacáridos/química , Nanopartículas/química , Sistemas de Liberación de MedicamentosRESUMEN
The present work develops bio-nanocomposite packaging films by valorizing agricultural byproducts jamun seed starch (JaSS) and tamarind kernel xyloglucan (XG), and adding varying concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs). The blending of JaSS and XG promotes a dense polymer network in the composite films with enhanced packaging attributes. However, ChNPs incorporation significantly reduced the viscosity and dynamic moduli of the JaSS/XG film-forming solutions. The FTIR and XRD results reveal improved intermolecular interactions and crystallinity. The DSC and TGA thermograms showed improved thermal stability in the ChNP-loaded JaSS/XG films. The addition of 3 % w/w ChNPs significantly enhanced the tensile strength (20.42 MPa), elastic modulus (0.8 GPa), and contact angle (89°), along with reduced water vapor transmission rate (13.26 g/h.m2) of the JaSS/XG films. The films exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. More interestingly, the JaSS/XG/ChNPs coating on the sapota fruits retarded the weight loss and color change up to 12 days of storage. Overall, the JaSS/XG/ChNP bio-nanocomposites are promising packaging materials.
Asunto(s)
Quitosano , Glucanos , Manilkara , Nanocompuestos , Nanopartículas , Tamarindus , Xilanos , Almidón , Frutas , Semillas , Embalaje de AlimentosRESUMEN
Exploring the significant role of natural polymers in developing drug delivery systems has been a promising area of research interest. The current investigation uses a D-optimal quadratic mixture design to design and evaluate neem and tamarind gum-based vildagliptin extended-release matrix tablets. Studying the combination effect of gums is one of the major objectives. Initial screening studies were performed to select the factors and their levels. The variables selected at different levels in mg/tablet are neem gum, tamarind gum, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and lactose monohydrate. Based on the screening experiments with both gums, the polymer content of 165 mg was chosen as the highest level in the DOE. Nineteen runs were generated to screen the desired parameters as responses. The total weight of the formulation was kept constant at 275 mg. Time (hours) required for 50 %, 90 % and 100 % of drug release and tablet hardness were selected as the responses for each run. The wet granulation method was adopted, and the critical variables were optimised using the design of experiments following Design Expert software. Statistical analysis was conducted, and the optimised formulations were prepared and evaluated to compare with the predicted responses. Stability studies were performed for the optimised batches. Results indicated that the prepared batches met the compendial limits and confirmed the application of neem and tamarind gum in the development of extended-release tablets of vildagliptin for 24 h. An optimised formulation comprising of 16.52 mg of neem gum and 148.48 mg of tamarind gum with a hardness of 7.5-8.5 kp produced 50 %, 90 % and 100 % drug release in 12, 22 and 25 h.
Asunto(s)
Tamarindus , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Vildagliptina , Gomas de Plantas , ComprimidosRESUMEN
In the field of nanomedicine, biogenic metal nanoparticles are commonly synthesized using edible plant products as bio-reducing or stabilizing agents. In this study, discarded shell of velvet tamarind fruit is explored as a potent reducing agent for biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (VeV-AgNPs). Silver nanoparticles were formed in minutes under sunlight exposure, which was considerably fast compared to under ambient conditions. The optical, structural and morphological studies revealed that the nanoparticle colloidal solution consisted of particles with quasi-spherical and rodlike morphologies. To investigate antimicrobial properties, eight microorganisms were exposed to the VeV-AgNPs. The results indicated that VeV-AgNPs had enhanced antimicrobial activity, with a recorded minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.9 µg/mL against E. coli. Further studies were conducted to examine the biofilm inhibition properties and synergistic effect of the VeV-AgNPs. The findings showed a biofilm inhibition potential of around 98% against E. coli, and the particles were also found to increase the efficacy of standard antimicrobial agents. The combinatory effect with standard antifungal and antibacterial agents ranged from synergistic to antagonistic effects against the tested microorganisms. These results suggest that silver nanoparticles produced from discarded shells of velvet tamarind are potent and could be used as a potential drug candidate to combat antimicrobial resistance.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos , Nanopartículas del Metal , Tamarindus , Plata/farmacología , Plata/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Escherichia coli , Frutas , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Biopelículas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
The exploration of potential bio-fillers for bio-film application is a promising approach to ensure biodegradable, eco-friendly, good-quality materials with high-performance applications. This is a comprehensive study executed to establish the utility of an agro-waste Tamarindus indica seeds for microcrystalline cellulose production and to assess its feasibility for biofilm fabrication. The extraction was carried out through consecutive chemical-mediated alkalization, acid hydrolysis and bleaching. The isolated microcrystalline cellulose from Tamarindus indica seeds (TSMCC) was characterized through chemical, thermal and morphological characterization to validate the cellulose contribution, thermal resistance, and compatibility of the material. The physical parameters as density and yield percentage were assessed to evaluate its light-weight utility and economic productivity. These examinations revealed that TSMCC has good specific properties such as high cellulose content (90.57 %), average density (1.561 g/cm3), feasible average roughness (12.161 nm), desired particle size (60.40 ± 21.10 µm), good crystallinity (CI-77.6 %) and thermal stability (up to 230 °C); which are worthwhile to consider TSMCC for bio-film formulation. Subsequently, bio-films were formulated by reinforcing TSMCC in polylactic acid (PLA) matrix and the mechanical properties of the bio-films were then studied to establish the efficacy of TSMCC. It is revealed that the properties of pure PLA film increased after being incorporated with TSMCC, where 5 %TSMCC addition showed greater impact on crystalline index (26.16 % to 39.62 %), thermal stability (333oc to 389 °C), tensile strength (36.11 ± 2.90 MPa to 40.22 ± 3.22 MPa) and modulus (2.62 ± 0.55GPa to 4.15 ± 0.53GPa). In light of all promising features, 5 % TSMCC is recommended as a potential filler reinforcement for the groundwork of good quality bio-films for active packaging applications in future.
Asunto(s)
Tamarindus , Tamarindus/química , Celulosa/química , Poliésteres/química , Semillas/químicaRESUMEN
Incorporating a bioactive food waste extract into biodegradable polymers is a promising green approach to producing active films with antioxidant and antibacterial activity for food packaging. Active packaging films from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) incorporated with tamarind seed coat waste extract (TS) were prepared by solvent casting method using citric acid as a crosslinking agent. The effect of TS content on the film properties was determined by measuring the optical, morphology, mechanical, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), antioxidant, and antimicrobial attributes. The CMC/PVA-TS films were also tested on fresh pork. The addition of TS did not significantly affect the film structure and WVTR but it improved the mechanical and UV barrier properties. The films possessed antioxidant and antimicrobial ability against bacteria (S. aureus and E. coli). Thus, CMC/PVA packaging was successfully prepared, and the incorporation of TS enhanced the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the film, which extended the shelf-life of fresh pork.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos , Eliminación de Residuos , Tamarindus , Embalaje de Alimentos/métodos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Carboximetilcelulosa de Sodio/química , Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/química , Etanol/farmacología , Alcohol Polivinílico/química , Vapor , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , SemillasRESUMEN
Calcite-biochar composites are attractive materials with outstanding adsorption capabilities for removing various recalcitrant contaminants in wastewater treatment, however, the complexity of their synthesis limits their practical applications. In this work, we have prepared calcite-rich biochar (Ca-BC) from a single precursor (Tamarindus indica bark), which simplifies the synthetic route for preparing calcite-biochar composite. The as-synthesized composite is utilized to make a heterogeneous catalytic system containing the supported silver nanoparticles (Ag@Ca-BC) formed by the reduction of Ag+ ions on the surface of the composite. The formation of Ag@Ca-BC is confirmed by various characterization techniques such as PXRD, FT-IR, UV-Vis, cyclic voltammetry, impedance measurement, SEM, and TEM analyses. Especially, the TEM analysis confirms the presence of Ag nanoparticles with size ranging between 20 and 50 nm on the surface of Ca-BC composite. The nano-catalyst Ag@Ca-BC efficiently promotes the conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol using NaBH4 as the reductant in water within 24 minutes at room temperature, suggesting that Ag@Ca-BC can be an efficient catalyst to remove nitroaromatics from the industrial effluents. The straightforward synthesis of Ca-BC from a single precursor along with its utility as a catalytic support presents a compelling proposition for application in the field of materials synthesis, catalysis, and green chemistry.
Asunto(s)
Nanopartículas del Metal , Tamarindus , Plata/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Carbonato de Calcio , Corteza de la Planta , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , CatálisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: NXT15906F6 (TamaFlexTM) is a proprietary herbal composition containing Tamarindus indica seeds and Curcuma longa rhizome extracts. NXT15906F6 supplementation has been shown clinically effective in reducing knee joint pain and improving musculoskeletal functions in healthy and knee osteoarthritis (OA) subjects. The objective of the present study was to assess the possible molecular basis of the anti-OA efficacy of NXT15906F6 in a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced model of OA in rats. METHODS: Healthy male Sprague Dawley rats (age: 8-9 wk body weight, B.W.: 225-308 g (n = 12) were randomly assigned to one of the six groups, (a) vehicle control, (b) MIA control, (c) Celecoxib (10 mg/kg B.W.), (d) TF-30 (30 mg/kg B.W.), (e) TF-60 (60 mg/kg B.W.), and (f) TF-100 (100 mg/kg B.W.). OA was induced by an intra-articular injection of 3 mg MIA into the right hind knee joint. The animals received either Celecoxib or TF through oral gavage over 28 days. The vehicle control animals received intra-articular sterile normal saline. RESULTS: Post-treatment, NXT15906F6 groups showed significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent pain relief as evidenced by improved body weight-bearing capacity on the right hind limb. NXT15906F6 treatment also significantly reduced the serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, p < 0.05) and nitrite (p < 0.05) levels in a dose-dependent manner. mRNA expression analyses revealed the up-regulation of collagen type-II (COL2A1) and down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-3, MMP-9 and MMP-13) in the cartilage tissues of NXT15906F6-supplemented rats. Cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expressions were down-regulated. Decreased immunolocalization of NF-κß (p65) was observed in the joint tissues of NXT15906F6-supplemented rats. Furthermore, microscopic observations revealed that NXT15906F6 preserved MIA-induced rats' joint architecture and integrity. CONCLUSION: NXT15906F6 reduces MIA-induced joint pain, inflammation, and cartilage degradation in rats.