Cáncer Papilar en Quiste Tirogloso. Caso Clínico y Revisión de la literatura / Papillary Cancer in Tirogloso Cyst. Case report and review of literature

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los quistes tiroglosos son las lesiones más comunes de la línea media cervical y se ha descrito el carcinoma papilar de tiroides en el 1%. Debido a su baja incidencia no existe un consenso acerca del tratamiento óptimo. Caso clínico: Paciente mujer de 34 años de edad consulta por aumento de volumen cervical doloroso y se evidencia nódulo doloroso en región cervical media. Ecografía de tiroides visualiza una lesión quística compleja. Se completa el estudio con tomografía computada del cuello con contraste que evidencia quiste del conducto tirogloso con compromiso inflamatorio-infeccioso, por lo que se decide cirugía. Biopsia evidencia cáncer papilar de 0.25 cm en quiste del conducto tirogloso, con bordes quirúrgicos negativos. Por bajo riesgo se decide control imagenológico estricto. DISCUSIÓN: Los quistes del conducto tirogloso comprenden las lesiones cervicales congénitas más frecuentes. Se presentan como masas indolentes y asintomáticas. El diagnóstico es confirmado mediante ecografía y la tomografía es utilizada para ampliar el estudio. La aparición de cáncer tiroideo en estos quistes es poco común, y generalmente son indistinguibles de las lesiones benignas en el preoperatorio. En relación al manejo del cáncer papilar en quiste del conducto tirogloso no existe un consenso de su tratamiento óptimo. Para los casos de bajo riesgo se sugiere control anual con TSH y ecografía tiroidea. Para aquellos pacientes de alto riesgo se sugiere tiroidectomía total y ablación de los restos tiroides con yodo radioactivo, con control anual con niveles de tiroglobulina. El pronóstico es excelente, con tasas de remisión que superan el 95%. CONCLUSIONES: Los carcinomas en quistes de conducto tirogloso son poco comunes y en la mayoría de los casos son lesiones diagnosticadas de manera incidental después de la resección quirúrgica. Para definir necesidad de tiroidectomía, debe realizarse estudio individualizado por un equipo multidisciplinario con amplia experiencia.

INTRODUCTION: Thyroglossal cysts are the most common affection of the cervical midline. Papillary carcinoma has been described in 1% of this cysts. Due to its low incidence a consensus on the optimal treatment does not exist. Clinical case: A 34 year old female with no relevant past medical history, presented with a painful cervical mass of many weeks of appearance. The thyroid ecography showed a complex cystic lesion and the cervical computed tomography with contrast evidenced a cyst of the thyroglossal duct with inflammatory and infectious findings. Surgery with no incidents was performed. Biopsy reported a 0.25 cm papillary cancer in the thyroglossal duct cyst, with negativa surgical margins. Strict follow up with imaging studies was decided. DISCUSSION: the thyroglossal duct cyst are the most common congenital cervical affections. Classically, they present as indolente, asyntomatic masses on the cervical midline. The diagnosis is confirmed with ecography and computed tomography is used to extent evaluation. Thyroid cancer in thyroglossal duct cyst is uncommon and generally indistinguishable from benign lesions in the preoperative phase. A consensus regarding the optimal management of this patients does not exist. For low risk cases, an anual control with THS and thyroid ecography is suggested. For patients with high risk a Sistrunk with total thyroidectomy and radioactive ablation of thyroids remnants is recommend. Follow up with anual thyroglubin levels should be performed. The prognostic is excellent, with more than 95% remission rates. CONCLUSSIONS: Thyroglossal duct cyst carcinomas are rare. In most cases, diagnosis is made incidentally after surgical resection. To decide wheter thyroidectomy is necessary each case should be analyzed individually by a multidisciplinary team with vast experience.

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma within Thyroglossal Duct Cyst: Case Series and Literature Review

Abstract Introduction Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is themost common congenital anomaly of the neck, and approximately 7% of all the adult population presents it. Ectopic thyroid tissue is found in the thyroglossal duct cyst wall in up to 65% of cases. This thyroid tissue has the potential to develop some type ofmalignancy, themost common of which is the papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. There are just over 270 cases of thyroglossal duct cyst malignancy reported in the literature. Objectives We aimed to study our population of patients in order to identify cases with thyroglossal duct cyst malignancy. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted in the section of otolaryngology/ head and neck surgery at a hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, from January of 2004 to December of 2014 on patients with the diagnosis of thyroglossal duct cyst. Results Fifty-eight patients were diagnosed with TGDC, two of whom also presented with thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma. Both patients revealed papillary thyroid carcinoma on histopathology. Case 1 had an open biopsy before undergoing definitive surgery. Both patients underwent subsequent total thyroidectomy after Sistrunk procedure, and case 2 had selective neck dissection revealing lymph node metastasis. Conclusion Thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma is a rare finding that comes as a surprise to both the patient and the surgeon. We report 2 out of 58 cases diagnosed with thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma.

Experiencia en el manejo de la patología del conducto tirogloso: serie de casos / Experience in thyroglossal duct pathology: clinical case series

La patología del conducto tirogloso constituye la segunda anomalía cervical benigna más frecuente en la infancia. El diagnóstico es principalmente clínico. Sistrunk fue quien describió la técnica quirúrgica considerada de elección para el tratamiento definitivo de esta patología. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Entre junio de 2008 y agosto de 2015 se realizaron 54 procedimientos en 45 pacientes (39 casos primarios). La mediana de edad fue de 4,7 años; 14/39 pacientes (31,1%) presentaron infección preoperatoria. Todos los pacientes fueron evaluados inicialmente por ecografía. Todos fueron tratados mediante la técnica de Sistrunk. La recidiva global fue de 17,8%.

The thyroglossal duct cyst pathology represents the second cause of bening cervical anomalies in childhood. Diagnosis is mainly clinical. Sistrunk (1920) proposed a surgical technique that is still considered the gold standard for definitive treatment of this condition. A retrospective study was made including patients who underwent surgery for thyroglossal duct cyst pathology in our department between June 2008 and August 2015. In this period, we performed 54 procedures in 45 patients (39 primary cases). Median age was 4.7 years; 14/39 patients (31.1%) had pre-operative infection. All patients were studied with neck ultrasound. A Sistrunk's procedure was performed in all cases. The global recurrence rate was 17.8% (8/45).

[Experience in thyroglossal duct pathology: clinical case series]. / Experiencia en el manejo de la patología del conducto tirogloso: serie de casos.

The thyroglossal duct cyst pathology represents the second cause of bening cervical anomalies in childhood. Diagnosis is mainly clinical. Sistrunk (1920) proposed a surgical technique that is still considered the gold standard for definitive treatment of this condition. A retrospective study was made including patients who underwent surgery for thyroglossal duct cyst pathology in our department between June 2008 and August 2015. In this period, we performed 54 procedures in 45 patients (39 primary cases). Median age was 4.7 years; 14/39 patients (31.1%) had pre-operative infection. All patients were studied with neck ultrasound. A Sistrunk's procedure was performed in all cases. The global recurrence rate was 17.8% (8/45).

La patología del conducto tirogloso constituye la segunda anomalía cervical benigna más frecuente en la infancia. El diagnóstico es principalmente clínico. Sistrunk fue quien describió la técnica quirúrgica considerada de elección para el tratamiento definitivo de esta patología. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Entre junio de 2008 y agosto de 2015 se realizaron 54 procedimientos en 45 pacientes (39 casos primarios). La mediana de edad fue de 4,7 años; 14/39 pacientes (31,1%) presentaron infección preoperatoria. Todos los pacientes fueron evaluados inicialmente por ecografía. Todos fueron tratados mediante la técnica de Sistrunk. La recidiva global fue de 17,8%.

Carcinoma papilar de quiste de conducto tirogloso sincrónico con carcinoma papilar de tiroides / Synchronous papillary carcinoma of thyroglossal duct cyst and papillary thyroid carcinoma

Presentamos el caso de un paciente diagnosticado de quiste de conducto tirogloso y un nódulo tiroideo ístmico en el que se evidenciaron focos de carcinoma papilar intraquístico concomitantes con carcinoma papilar en el nódulo tiroideo. La indicación terapéutica en estos casos es controvertida, y dependerá en la mayoría de los casos del estudio microscópico de la muestra. En nuestro caso se realizó en un primer tiempo la intervención de Sistrunk asociada a una istmectomía y tras conocer el resultado de ambas muestras se decidió realizar tiroidectomía total.

We report the case of a patient with a thyroglossal duct cyst and a nodule at the thyroid isthmus which showed intracystic papillary carcinoma foci concomitant with papillary carcinoma in the thyroid nodule. The therapeutic indication in these cases is controversial. In our case it was done in a first intervention a Sistrunk technique associated to an isthmectomy and after knowing the results of both samples was decided to perform a total thyroidectomy.

Double thyroglossal duct cyst involving the floor of the mouth and sublingual gland region.

Thyroglossal duct cysts are the most common congenital neck masses that develop during childhood. The masses develop from remnants of thyroglossal ducts and typically appear as midline neck masses. Double thyroglossal cysts and the complete failure of the obliterative process of thyroglossal duct are very rare in the literature. This manuscript describes a rare case of double thyroglossal duct, localized above the geniohyoid muscles affecting the floor of the mouth region and sublingual gland. The diagnostic criteria of the tumor and surgical procedure are discussed. To our knowledge, only 3 similar cases were reported in the literature.

Extensive thyroglossal duct cyst in 83-year-old patient.

Thyroglossal duct cysts (TDCs) are developmental cysts that occur in the neck. These lesions are usually encountered in the first decade of life; cases appear to be rare in elderly patients. Thirteen cases have been reported so far in patients over 70 years of age. Although the Sistrunk procedure remains the standard treatment, the management of TDCs continues to be a matter of controversy in some instances. We report the third case of extensive TDC published in patients over 80 years of age.

Carcinoma papilar en quiste tirogloso: reporte de 4 casos y revisión de la literatura / Papillary carcinoma in a thyroglossal duct cyst: report of 4 cases and review of literature

Introducción: El quiste tirogloso es una de las masas cervicales más frecuentes. En 1 por ciento puede desarrollar un cáncer, siendo el más frecuente el carcinoma papilar tiroideo. Objetivo: Describir la presentación clínica, el diagnóstico, el manejo y la evolución de los casos de carcinoma papilar tiroideo en quiste tirogloso. Material y método: Se revisaron los archivos del Departamento de Patología de la Universidad de Concepción desde 2000 a 2010 analizando las fichas clínicas y el informe de la biopsia. Resultados: Se encontraron 4 casos de carcinoma papilar en quiste tirogloso, todos de sexo femenino con un promedio de edad de 42 años. Todos fueron sometidos a la operación de Sistrunk. Dos casos fueron sometidos a tiroidectomía total y terapia con radioyodo complementaria. Sólo un paciente presentaba un cáncer sincrónico en la tiroides. El seguimiento promedio fue de 4,7 años y no se presentaron recidivas. Conclusiones: Se encontraron 4 casos, se analiza su presentación, diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución.

Introduction: Thyroglossal duct cyst is one the most frequent cervical masses. Cancer may develop from 1 percent among them, thyroid papillary carcinoma being the most frequent. Aim: To describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, management and evolution of thyroid papillary carcinoma cases in thyroglossal duct cyst. Material and method: A review was made of the files from the department of pathology of the Universidad de Concepción, since 2000 to 2010, analyzing clinical records and biopsy reports. Results: Four cases of papillary carcinoma in a thyroglossal duct cyst were found, all female with a mean of age of 42 years. All of them underwent Sistrunk procedure. Two cases underwent total thyroidectomy and complementary radioiodine therapy. Only one patient presented synchronic thyroideal cancer. The mean time of follow up consisted of 4,7 years, with no reported recurrence. Conclusions: We found 4 cases, his presentation, diagnosis, treatment and evolution was analyzed.

[Papillary carcinoma in a thyroglossal duct cyst: report of two cases]. / Carcinoma papilar en quiste del conducto tirogloso: Reporte de dos casos.

Thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common congenital anomaly of thyroid gland development. However, papillary carcinoma is described only in 1-2% of cases and the clinical appearance is indistinguishable from a benign thyroglossal duct cyst. We report two females aged 15 and 27 years consulting for a cervical mass. In both, a solid cystic lesion was found and excised using the Sistrunk procedure. The biopsy disclosed a papillary carcinoma in both. The postoperative evolution of both patients was uneventful.

Carcinoma papilar en quiste del conducto tirogloso: reporte de dos casos / Papillary carcinoma in a thyroglossal duct cyst: report of two cases

Thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common congenital anomaly of thyroid gland development. However, papillary carcinoma is described only in 1-2 percent of cases and the clinical appearance is indistinguishable from a benign thyroglossal duct cyst. We report two females aged 15 and 27years consulting for a cervical mass. In both, a solid cystic lesion was found and excised using the Sistrunk procedure. The biopsy disclosed a papillary carcinoma in both. The postoperative evolution of both patients was uneventful.

Quiste del conducto del tirogloso. Características clínico patológicas y manejo quirúrgico / Thyroglossal duct cyst. Clinical and pathological characteristics and surgical management

El presente estudio descriptivo tuvo como objetivo determinar las principales características clínico-patológicas y el manejo quirúrgico de pacientes con quiste del conducto del tirogloso y evaluó a 16 pacientes con este diagnóstico admitidos en el Servicio de Cirugía Oncológica del Hosipital Belén de Trujillo entre 1994 y 2004. La mediana de edad de los pacientes con quiste y/o fístula del conducto del tirogloso fue de 12 años (rango de 1,8 a 64 años). Del total de nuestros pacientes el 50% se encontró ubicado en el grupo etario de entre 1 a 10 años de edad. El 75% (n=12) de nuestros pacientes refirieron presentar como sítoma principal la tumoración cervical indolora. Dentro de los hallazgos operatorios se encontró que el 81,2% (n=13) presentó localización suprahiodea y el 85,7% (n=12) se encontraba ubicada en la linea media. La media del tiempio de enfermedad fue de 14,562 mas menos 13,590 meses. El promedio del tamaño de la lesión fue de 2,437 mas menos 0,75 centímetros. Al asociar el tiempo de enfermedad con el tamaño de la lesión, se observó que la mayoría de los pacientes con un tiempo de enfermedad menor a 15 meses presentaron un tamaño tumoral mayor e igual a 2 centímetros en comparación, mientras que aquellos que presentaron un tiempo de enfermedad mayor a 15 meses (64,3% vs. 35,7%). El 87,5% (n=14) se les realizó la exéresis o técnica de Sistrunk y solamente a dos pacientes (12,5%) se les efectuó exéresis simple. El conocimiento anatómico, embriológico y clínico de esta entidad patológica, constituyen parámetros que nos permiten llevar a cabo un adecuado diagnóstico y posterior tratamiento operatorio.

The aim of this descriptive was to study to determine the clinical and pathological characteristics and surgical management of patients with thyroglossal duct cyst and evaluated 16 patients with this diagnosis that were admited in the Service of Surgical Oncology at the Belen Hospital, Trujillo between 1994 and 2004. The median age of our patients with thyroglossal duct cyst and/or fistulae was 12 years (1,8 to 64 years range). The 50% from the total of patients were located in the age's group from 1 to years. The 75% (n=12) of patients referred presenting as the principal sympton a painless neck mass. Among the surgical discoveries, it was found that the 81,2% (n=13) presented the neck mass above the hyoid bone and the 85,7% (n=12) presented midline meck mass. The median of the time of illness was off 14,562 more or less 13,590 months. The average of size of the tumor was 2,437 more or less 0,75 centimeters. While associating the time of illness with the size of the injury, we observed that the most of the patients with 15 months of illness presented a tumor of 2 centimeters compare to those who suffered the illness for more than 15 months (64,3% vs. 35,7%). The excision or Sistrunk technique was performed to the 87,5% (n=14) of the patients while the simple excision was just performed to two patients (12,5%). The anatomical, embryological and clinical knowledge of this pathological entity, are parameters that allow us to get a proper diagnosis and later the best surgical treatment.

Carcinoma papilífero em cisto do ducto tireoglosso: a tireoidectomia é necessária? / Papillary carcinoma of thyroglossal duct cyst: is thyroidectmy necessary?

Introdução: o cisto do ducto tireoglosso (CDT) é a doença congênita mais freqüente na região cervical. A presença de neoplasia maligna associada a esse cisto é pouco comum e de difícil diagnóstico pré-operatório. Objetivo: apresentar a experiência com carcinoma papilífero em CDT. Pacientes e Método: foram revistos 35 pacientes consecutivos submetidos à ressecção de CDT e estudados três cssos de carcinoma papilífero dentro do cisto, com análise do tratamento dos mesmos. Resultados: a incidência de carcinoma papilífero foi de 8,5% dos cistos nessa série, sendo duas mulheres e um homem e idade média de 27,3 anos (variação de 25 a 32 anos). Dois pacientes tiveram diagnóstico após cirurgia de Sistrunk e um apresentava biópsia aspirativa por agulha fina pré-operatória sugestiva de neoplasia. Todos os casos foram conduzidos com tireoidectomia total, um deles pela técnica vídeo-assistida, com pesquisa de corpo inteiro com I131 após a cirurgia. Em um paciente, foi encontrada neoplasia prim[aria na tireóide. Conclusão: o carcinoma papilífero em CDT é pouco freqüente. Embora o tratamento seja controverso, nosso ponto de vista é que a tireoidectomia total deva ser indicada, complementando a ressecção do cisto devido à possibilidade de tratar-se de tumor metástico e para facilitar o seguimento posterior. A técnica vídeo-assistida pode ser utilizada para realizar a tireoidectomia total por tratar-se, em geral, de glândulas de tamanho normal

Introduction: the Thyroglossaal duct cyst(TDC) is the most common congenital disease of the cervical region. The presence of associated malignant neoplasm in the cyst is uncommon and is difficult to perform the preoperative diagnosis. Objective: to present our experience with papillary carcinoma in the TDC. Patients and Methods: we reviewed 35 consecutive patients submited to TDC resection with three cases of papillary carcinoma in the cyst and analyzed the treatment. Results: the incidence in this serires was 8.5% of papillary carcinoma in the cysts, with two women and one man, whose mean age was 27.3 years (range, 25 to 32). Two patients were diagnosed after the Sistrunk procedure and one had preoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy suggestive of neoplasm. All patients underwnt complementary total thyrodectomy, one of them underthe videoassisted technique, and total body scintigraphy. In one patient, papillary carcinoma was found in the thyroid gland. Conclusion: the papillary carcinoma in TDC is an uncommon entity. The treatment is controversal, but in our pont of view the total thyroidectomy is indicated as a complement to the cyst resection because it can be metastatic, and to facilitate the follow-up. The videoassisted technique may be used to perform the total thyroidectomy because the glands have commonly normal size

Papillary carcinoma in thyroglossal duct cyst.

OBJECTIVE: To report the management and outcome of three cases of papillary carcinoma (PC) in thyroglossal duct cysts (TGCs). METHODS: We present case reports of one female and two male patients between the ages of 22 and 46 years who had TGCs. In addition, we discuss the theories about the pathogenesis of TGC carcinoma (de novo versus metastatic lesions). RESULTS: In all three patients, we found a TGC that contained a vegetating mass. Subsequent pathologic examination revealed the presence of a PC. All patients underwent total thyroidectomy, and two of them concurrently had PC in the thyroid gland. Besides the PC in the TGC, the first patient had a "cold" scintigraphic thyroid nodule that was also a PC, whereas the second patient had a thyroid microcarcinoma that had not been detected before surgical intervention. The third patient did not have carcinoma of the thyroid, but the histologic pattern of the gland resembled that observed in de Quervain's disease. We interpreted this finding as "palpation thyroiditis." The patients received postoperative 131I and suppressive therapy with levothyroxine. During a follow-up period of 2 to 12 years (mean, 5.8), we found no recurrence of the disease, and serum thyroglobulin remained undetectable in all cases. CONCLUSION: Although use of total thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine therapy and suppressive treatment with levothyroxine is a matter of debate in patients with PC in TGCs, we conclude that this approach yields a favorable outcome in most cases, especially when the thyroid is also involved by the PC, and allows a better postoperative follow-up.

Quiste del conducto tirogloso: caso clínico

Se relata el caso de un paciente de 4 años, quien desde los 3 años presentó una masa en la región cervical de crecimiento progresivo. Hace 9 meses presentó tos, disfonía, disfagia e hipopirexia, manifestaciones que se exacerbaron en los últimos 3 meses. Previa la consulta alza térmica (38,5ïC), tos no productiva, odinodisfagia y adinamia; al examen físico orofaringe congestiva, amígdalas hipertróficas, masa renitente de 3x2x3 cm ubicada a nivel de la línea media en la región cervical anterior, no dolorosa a la palpación y no adherida a planos profundos; además adenomegalia cervical de la cadena superior. En los exámenes complementarios y de imagen, la ultrasonografía cervical demostró la presencia de una masa quística...

Papillary thyroid carcinoma in thyroglossal duct cyst.

Thyroglossal duct remnants are the most common midline neck swellings, but carcinoma is found in approximately 1% of these lesions. The cysts are usually asymptomatic and the presentation of the patient with carcinoma is indistinguishable from the common cyst. Papillary adenocarcinoma comprises 75-85% of the tumors reported. A 36-year-old woman underwent Sistrunk procedure for excision of a thyroglossal cyst. No thyroid abnormality was noted pre-operatively nor during the surgical examination. The histopathological examination revealed papillary carcinoma. She has been maintained on thyroxine suppression and was doing well at 14 months' follow-up. Carcinoma of the thyroglossal duct cyst is rare. The ultrasonographic examination should be performed pre-operatively for thyroid gland study. The main question is what to do with the thyroid gland. There still is controversy about thyroid removal for a papillary carcinoma, but all the patients should receive suppressive doses of thyroid hormone. As the cure rate is 95% for the patients whose thyroid is preserved and further postoperative complications are avoided, we can consider that the optimal surgical procedure for thyroglossal duct carcinoma is the same as that for the benign cyst.