RESUMEN
AIM: We sought to elucidate whether stress, peers, and in vivo (i.e., direct) alcohol cues elicit alcohol craving in daily life among adolescents and to test whether individual variation in working memory function and biological sex alters these associations. METHODS: We leveraged ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine momentary associations between stress, peers, and direct alcohol cues with craving, assessed as "urge to drink alcohol," among 86 male (51.2 %) and female (48.8 %) frequent drinkers (i.e., two or more drinking days per week). Participants were ages 14-24 years (M = 20.7 years, SD = 2.1). Participants completed EMA throughout the day for about one week prior to randomization to a treatment condition for an AUD clinical trial. Pre-registered, secondary analyses focused on craving for assessments when adolescents were not drinking, and assessments occurring after drinking on drinking days were removed. Working memory performance was assessed in the laboratory via the Memory for Words subtest of the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities. RESULTS: Craving was heightened at more stressful moments and when adolescents were with their peers and in the presence of direct alcohol cues. Working memory function was not related to craving but altered the relation of momentary stress, peers, and cues with craving once biological sex-related differences were considered. Females generally had lower craving than males, but working memory function served to buffer against stress-induced craving for males. CONCLUSIONS: Higher working memory function buffered the in-the-moment relation of stress with alcohol craving for males but not females.
Asunto(s)
Alcoholismo/psicología , Ansia/fisiología , Evaluación Ecológica Momentánea , Memoria a Corto Plazo/fisiología , Caracteres Sexuales , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/psicología , Adolescente , Alcoholismo/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Grupo Paritario , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/tendencias , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Analizar las tendencias en el consumo de cerveza, vino y licores destilados, así como de los episodios de embriaguez de los chicos y chicas adolescentes en España, en 2010, 2014 y 2018, por sexo y edad. MÉTODO: La muestra está formada por 35.310 participantes de 15 a 18 años de edad representativos de la población adolescente escolarizada en España en 2010, 2014 y 2018. El cuestionario empleado fue el de consumo de alcohol y de episodios de embriaguez consensuado por el equipo internacional del estudio. Para lograr el objetivo se estimaron las razones de prevalencia y los intervalos de confianza del 95% mediante modelos de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta. RESULTADOS: Los datos muestran un descenso global entre 2010 y 2018 en el consumo de alcohol (tanto de cerveza como de vino y licores destilados) y en los episodios de embriaguez, aunque este descenso se concentra principalmente entre 2010 y 2014. Las diferencias según el sexo (mayor consumo frecuente y episodios de embriaguez en los chicos) se observan a los 17-18 años, pero no a los 15-16 años. Respecto a la edad, el grupo de 17-18 años presenta mayores niveles que el de 15-16 años. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados de este estudio confirman la importancia de realizar análisis específicos para identificar posibles grupos de riesgo que no se detectan con análisis más generales. Se destaca la necesidad de seguir trabajando en la prevención y en las políticas de control dado el riesgo de estabilización del consumo
OBJECTIVE: To analyze trends in beer, wine, and distilled spirits consumption, as well as drunkenness among school-aged adolescents in Spain from 2010 to 2018 by sex and age. METHOD: The sample is composed of 35,310 adolescents aged 15 to 18. The data is representative of the adolescent school population in Spain in 2010, 2014, and 2018. The alcohol consumption questionnaire and the drunkenness questionnaire provided by the international team of the study were employed. Prevalence Ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance. RESULTS: the data show a general decrease in alcohol consumption (beer, wine, as well as distilled spirits) and in drunkenness, but the decrease mainly occurs between 2010 and 2014. Sex differences (higher consumption and drunkenness among boys) are found among adolescents aged 17-18 but not in the age group of 15-16 years old. Older adolescents show higher levels of consumption and drunkenness than younger adolescents. CONCLUSION: The results confirm the relevance of carrying out specific analyses in order to identify risk groups which are not detected through general analyses. This data highlights the need to maintain alcohol prevention and control policies due to the risk of stabilization in alcohol-related behaviours
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/estadística & datos numéricos , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/tendencias , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Intoxicación Alcohólica/epidemiología , España/epidemiología , Cerveza , Vino , Intervalos de Confianza , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Developmental theory posits interacting individual and contextual factors that contribute to alcohol use across adolescence. Despite the well-documented salience of peer environmental influences on adolescent drinking, it is not known whether peer environments moderate polygenic risks for trajectories of alcohol use. The current theoretically based investigation aimed to test developmental gene-environment interaction (G×E) effects across adolescence. METHOD: Latent growth curve models tested interactive associations of polygenic risk scores and adolescents' perceived friend drinking and disruptive behavior with adolescents' initial level of alcohol use frequency at age 16 years old and change in alcohol frequency from ages 16 to 20. The sample comprised 8,941 White adolescents (49% female) from Great Britain within the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). RESULTS: Greater polygenic risk was associated with more frequent initial drinking as well as escalations in drinking frequency over the subsequent 5 years in latent growth curve models. Contrary to study hypotheses, no significant G×E effects were identified after controlling for confounding main and interaction effects. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents at heightened genetic risk may accelerate their alcohol use across adolescence, although not significantly more so in the presence of these alcohol-promoting peer environments. Future well-powered, theoretically driven replication efforts are needed to examine generalizability of these findings across diverse samples.
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Amigos/psicología , Herencia Multifactorial/genética , Grupo Paritario , Problema de Conducta/psicología , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/psicología , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/genética , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/psicología , Femenino , Interacción Gen-Ambiente , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/tendencias , Reino Unido/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence suggests offspring exposed to prenatal alcohol are at increased risk of alcohol use disorders in adulthood. The evidence on the risk of developing harmful alcohol use in adolescence is less clear. METHODS: We used data from the Raine Study, a multi-generational birth cohort study, to examine the association between prenatal alcohol exposure and the risk of harmful alcohol use in offspring at the age of 17 years. Log binomial regression was used to estimate the relative risks (RRs) of harmful alcohol use in offspring exposed to maternal alcohol use in the first (early) and third (late) trimesters of pregnancy. Maternal pre-pregnancy alcohol use was used as a negative control for intrauterine exposure for comparison. RESULTS: Complete data were available for 1200 mother-offspring pairs. After adjustment for potential confounders, we found increased RRs of harmful alcohol use in offspring born to mothers who consumed four or more standard drinks of alcohol per week during the first trimester [RR 1.45(95% CI: 1.08-1.93)], third trimester [RR 1.34 (95% CI: 1.04-1.72)] and during both trimesters of pregnancy [RR 1.86 (95% CI: 1.16-2.96)]. Maternal pre-pregnancy alcohol use was not associated with an increased risk of harmful alcohol use in offspring [RR 1.15 (95% CI: 0.89-1.48)]. CONCLUSION: Observed associations for maternal prenatal alcohol exposure but not maternal pre-pregnancy alcohol use suggests a biological mechanism for intrauterine alcohol exposure on the risk of harmful alcohol use in the offspring.
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Hijo de Padres Discapacitados/psicología , Conducta Materna/psicología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/epidemiología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/psicología , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/efectos adversos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/psicología , Alcoholismo/epidemiología , Alcoholismo/psicología , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Embarazo , Riesgo , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/tendencias , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: As e-cigarette use continues to increase in the U.S., research is needed to understand its prospective risk for cigarette smoking and other substance use in young adulthood, including alcohol, marijuana, and nonmedical prescription drugs (NMPDs). METHODS: This study used data from the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study a nationally representative annual survey of 12th graders (modal age 18) in the US. The analytic sample included 2014-2016 MTF cohorts that were selected and completed follow up one year later (modal age 19; n = 717). Using logistic regression, we examined cross-sectional and prospective associations of past 30-day e-cigarette use with past 30-day cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, and NMPD use. We examined prospective associations among the full sample and associations with incidence of each of these substances among those who reported no history of use in 12th grade. RESULTS: In cross-sectional analysis, those who reported past 30-day e-cigarette use at age 18 were more likely to report past 30-day cigarette use, alcohol use, marijuana use, and NMPD use at age 19. In multivariable longitudinal analysis, past 30-day e-cigarette users at age 18 were more likely to report past 30-day cigarette, marijuana, and NMPD use at age 19, including e-cigarette users who had no history of using these substances at age 18. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that e-cigarette use may be an indicator of future substance use risk in young adulthood. Adolescent e-cigarette users may benefit from secondary prevention efforts to mitigate this risk.
Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente , Fumar Cigarrillos/epidemiología , Fumar Marihuana/epidemiología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores , Vapeo/epidemiología , Adolescente , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Fumar Cigarrillos/psicología , Fumar Cigarrillos/tendencias , Estudios Transversales , Sistemas Electrónicos de Liberación de Nicotina , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Fumar Marihuana/psicología , Fumar Marihuana/tendencias , Estudios Prospectivos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/psicología , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/tendencias , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Vapeo/psicología , Vapeo/tendencias , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Adolescent drinking has decreased in numerous high-income countries in the 2000s, and how to explain this downward trend is far from clear. Focussing on the decline in drinking to intoxication among youth in Norway, we examined the following potential explanatory factors: family/home-based and peer-oriented leisure-time activities, perceived parental drinking, drug substitution, school conscientiousness and delinquency. DESIGN AND METHODS: Data stemmed from cross-sectional surveys of adolescents aged 13-17 years in the four largest cities in Norway in 2002 (n = 1204) and in 2013/2015 (n = 31 441). We examined the extent to which the decline in intoxication prevalence was attributable to the possible explanatory variables using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The proportion reporting any past-year intoxication episodes dropped markedly from 2002 (41%) to 2013/2015 (22%). Family/home-oriented leisure-time activities and school conscientiousness increased, whereas hanging out with friends in the evening and delinquent behaviours decreased. These factors together accounted for 43% of this decline. Decrease in going out with friends was the most important factor. We found no empirical support for assumptions that perceived parental drinking or drug substitution had contributed to the decrease in drinking to intoxication. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Since the millennium shift, urban adolescents in Norway have become more home-, family- and school-oriented, and less involved in unsupervised socialising with peers and delinquency. These changes may have contributed to some of the reduction in the prevalence of intoxication in this population group.
Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Estudios Transversales , Amigos , Humanos , Noruega , Grupo Paritario , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/tendenciasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this randomized controlled study was to examine sex as a moderator of the efficacy of a brief, web-based personalized feedback intervention (eCHECKUP TO GO) on decreasing cognitive risk factors for alcohol use, increasing protective behavioral strategies, and reducing alcohol use among high school seniors. METHOD: Participants (n = 311) were high school seniors randomized by class period to the eCHECKUP TO GO intervention or assessment-only control group. Participants completed online surveys at baseline and 30-day follow-up (91.0%; n = 283). RESULTS: Students in the intervention group reported a significant reduction in normative perceptions of peer drinking, positive alcohol expectancies, and alcohol use relative to those in the control group. Intervention effects for perceptions of frequency of peer drunkenness and frequency of alcohol use were moderated by sex, with results favoring females. In contrast, we did not find evidence for sex as a moderator of intervention effects for normative perceptions of peer drinking frequency, sex-specific perceptions of peer heavy episodic drinking, positive alcohol expectancies, or peak drinking quantity. Further, we did not find significant intervention or moderator effects for protective behavioral strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study extend the literature by demonstrating the efficacy of the eCHECKUP TO GO for both males and females on reducing cognitive risk factors and alcohol use, although results were significant for a broader range of variables for females. Results also indicate that program content regarding normative feedback and protective behavioral strategies may need modification to be more effective for this age group.
Asunto(s)
Caracteres Sexuales , Estudiantes/psicología , Telemedicina/métodos , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/prevención & control , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/psicología , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/prevención & control , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/psicología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/tendencias , Intoxicación Alcohólica/prevención & control , Intoxicación Alcohólica/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Grupo Paritario , Factores Protectores , Factores de Riesgo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Resultado del Tratamiento , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/tendenciasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Adolescent drug use has long term health consequences, like substance use disorders and psychiatric illnesses. Proximal health risks, especially for overdose, are amplified when multiple substances are combined. Existing literature on polysubstance use among adolescents has largely focused on alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana, but has largely excluded other drugs like opioids. Understanding how adolescents combine illicit drugs is essential for intervening to prevent poor health outcomes. METHODS: We aimed to explore patterns of lifetime polysubstance use among adolescents in Baltimore City. We used data on 9th-12th graders recruited to participate in the 2017 local Baltimore Youth Risk Behavior Survey who reported any lifetime drug use (n = 387; 60 % female, 77 % non-Hispanic Black). We then conducted a latent class analysis using 10 indicators of lifetime drug and alcohol use. After selecting the class model, we tested for associations between the class profiles and race, sex, school grade, and lifetime injection drug use. RESULTS: We identified three profiles of lifetime polysubstance use in our sample: alcohol and marijuana (68.6 % of sample), polysubstance (22.0 %), and alcohol/pain medication/inhalant use (9.4 %). Members of the polysubstance use class were more likely to be male and to report injection drug use. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding broader patterns of drug use beyond alcohol, tobacco and marijuana among adolescents is a crucial step towards preventing adverse drug and health-related outcomes later in life. More research is needed to characterize the full health impact of youth polysubstance use patterns and related risk behaviors like injection drug use.
Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Análisis de Clases Latentes , Instituciones Académicas/tendencias , Estudiantes/psicología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Adolescente , Baltimore/epidemiología , Bases de Datos Factuales/tendencias , Femenino , Humanos , Drogas Ilícitas , Masculino , Asunción de Riesgos , Uso de Tabaco/epidemiología , Uso de Tabaco/psicología , Uso de Tabaco/tendencias , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/psicología , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/tendenciasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There are thousands of e-liquid flavors available, and some are named after alcohol beverages (e.g., "pina colada"). It is unclear whether use of e-liquids with alcohol beverage names is associated with adolescent alcohol use. E-cigarettes and alcohol are co-used in adolescents; therefore, it is important to investigate these associations. METHODS: Eight Southeastern Connecticut high schools were surveyed in Spring 2015 (Nâ¯=â¯7045). We examined the association between preference for using e-liquid flavors and alcohol drinking status (i.e., no past month alcohol use, past month alcohol use but no binge drinking, and past month binge drinking) in ever e-cigarette users (Nâ¯=â¯1311). RESULTS: Among ever e-cigarette users who preferred using e-liquids with alcohol beverage names (Nâ¯=â¯111), 30.6 % had no past month alcohol use, 19.8 % had past month alcohol use but did not binge drink in the past month, and 49.5 % binge drank in the past month. Multinomial logistic regression (controlling for demographics and including other e-cigarette flavors that were highly endorsed, i.e., fruit and candy) revealed that the preferences of alcohol beverage-named-e-liquid (OR: 2.84, CI: 1.70-4.75) and fruit flavored e-liquids (OR: 1.55, CI: 1.14-2.11), but not candy flavored e-liquids was associated with past-month binge drinking compared to no past-month alcohol use. CONCLUSION: This evidence suggests that the preference for using alcohol beverage- and fruit-named e-liquid flavors is associated with past-month binge drinking among adolescents. Understanding the associations between alcohol beverage-named e-liquids and alcohol use in adolescents may help inform tobacco regulatory strategies that aim to decrease the use/appeal of e-cigarettes.
Asunto(s)
Bebidas Alcohólicas/clasificación , Sistemas Electrónicos de Liberación de Nicotina/clasificación , Aromatizantes/clasificación , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/psicología , Vapeo/epidemiología , Vapeo/psicología , Adolescente , Connecticut/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Instituciones Académicas/tendencias , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Gusto/efectos de los fármacos , Gusto/fisiología , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/tendencias , Vapeo/tendenciasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The present study aims to (i) identify patterns in the changes of endorsed positive alcohol expectancies (AEs) through early adolescence and (ii) examine associated childhood social context predictors of such profiles. METHODS: We used three waves of longitudinal data from the Alcohol-Related Experiences among Children. The baseline sample comprised 928 6th graders from 17 elementary schools in northern Taiwan (response rate = 60 %); subsequent follow-up was conducted at 7th and 8th grade (follow-up rate = 88 %). Data concerning three domains of positive AEs (i.e., global positive transformation, enhancing social behaviors, and promoting relaxation), social context, and alcohol drinking were collected by self-administered questionnaires. Longitudinal latent profile and survey multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association estimates, stratified by childhood alcohol initiation. RESULTS: Three distinct profiles (decreasing, stable, and increasing) of positive AEs were identified for the alcohol-naïve children (n = 466); observing paternal drinking and watching TV more than two hours per day at baseline were strongly linked with the stable and increasing AE profiles (aOR = 1.96-4.80). For the alcohol-experienced children, four profiles (low decreasing, low increasing, high decreasing, and high increasing) emerged; observing maternal drinking was predictive for the high-increasing profile (aOR = 2.94). Regardless of childhood alcohol initiation, recent alcohol use appeared to be the strongest predictor for the increasing profiles of positive AEs. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies addressing pro-alcohol social contexts that facilitate a prominent increase in positive AEs should be considered when devising preventive programs targeting underage drinking behaviors and problems.
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Conducta del Adolescente/fisiología , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Anticipación Psicológica/fisiología , Instituciones Académicas , Medio Social , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/psicología , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Instituciones Académicas/tendencias , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Taiwán/epidemiología , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/tendenciasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The primary objective of this study is to determine whether age at first alcohol use is a determinant for adolescent acute alcohol intoxication characteristics, such as age at first acute alcohol intoxication and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at hospital admission. Around the world, as in the Netherlands, a key aim of alcohol policy is to postpone the age at first alcohol use. This is based on cohort studies that indicate a relationship between a younger age at first alcohol use and subsequent adult alcohol use disorders. METHODS: This study was conducted using a cohort of data comprising individuals under 18 years of age. Data were collected between 2007 and 2017 by the Dutch Pediatric Surveillance System (NSCK) in order to monitor trends in admissions for acute alcohol intoxication. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to determine the association between age at first alcohol use and acute alcohol intoxication characteristics, such as age at first acute alcohol intoxication and BAC at admission. RESULTS: This study indicates that among adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication, adolescents who started drinking at ≤ 14 years of age are significantly more often female, lower educated, and raised in nontraditional family structures than adolescents who started drinking between 15 and 18 years of age. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that age at first alcohol use, corrected for covariates, significantly predicted the age at acute alcohol intoxication and BAC at admission. The association between age at first alcohol use and age at intoxication was also found to be clinically relevant. CONCLUSIONS: Although causation cannot be implied based on the results of these analyses, the results of this study suggest that interventions delaying the age at first alcohol use could be successful in increasing the average age that adolescents are admitted to the hospital for acute alcohol intoxication.
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Intoxicación Alcohólica/epidemiología , Hospitalización/tendencias , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/tendencias , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Intoxicación Alcohólica/psicología , Intoxicación Alcohólica/terapia , Nivel de Alcohol en Sangre , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/psicologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Youth alcohol consumption has declined significantly during the past 15 years in many high-income countries, which may have significant public health benefits. However, if the reductions in drinking occur mainly among lighter drinkers who are at lower risk, then rates of alcohol-related harm among young people today and adults in future may not fall in line with consumption. There is conflicting evidence from Swedish school studies, with some suggesting that all young people are drinking less, while others suggest that alcohol consumption among heavier drinkers may be stable or rising while average consumption declines. This paper extends the geographical focus of previous research and examines whether the decline in youth drinking is consistent across the consumption distribution in England. DESIGN: Quantile regression of 15 waves of repeat cross-sectional survey data. SETTING: England, 2001-16. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 31 882 schoolchildren (50.7% male) aged 11-15 who responded to the Smoking Drinking and Drug Use among Young People surveys. MEASUREMENTS: Past-week alcohol consumption in UK units at each fifth percentile of the consumption distribution. FINDINGS: Reductions in alcohol consumption occurred at all percentiles of the consumption distribution analysed between 2001 and 2016, but the magnitude of the decline differed across percentiles. The decline in consumption at the 90th percentile [ß = -0.21, confidence interval (CI) = -0.24, -0.18] was significantly larger than among either lighter drinkers at the 50th percentile (ß = -0.02, CI = -0.02, -0.01) or heavier drinkers at the 95th percentile (ß = -0.16, CI = -0.18, -0.13). CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol consumption among young people in England appears to be declining across the consumption distribution, and peaks among heavy drinkers. The magnitude of this decline differs significantly between percentiles of the consumption distribution, with consumption falling proportionally less among the lightest, moderate and very heaviest youth drinkers.
Asunto(s)
Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/clasificación , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/tendencias , Adolescente , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Inglaterra/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Análisis de RegresiónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Using intergenerational prospective data from the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), we examine whether parents allowing 14-year-olds to drink alcohol is associated with greater likelihood of early adolescents' heavy episodic drinking (i.e., lifetime, rapid escalation from first drink, and frequent past year), beyond shared risk factors for parental alcohol permissiveness and adolescent alcohol use. METHODS: The MCS is a unique, contemporary, nationally representative study with mother, father, and child data from infancy through age 14 years (n = 11,485 children and their parents). In a series of multivariate logistic regressions, we estimated whether teenagers whose parents allowed them to drink alcohol (16% of parents said "yes") faced an elevated likelihood of heavy alcohol use at age 14, controlling for a large host of likely child and parent confounders measured when children were age 11. To further assess plausible intergenerational associations of parental alcohol permissiveness and offspring heavy alcohol use, coarsened exact matching (CEM) was used to match 14-year-olds whose parents allowed them to drink alcohol with teens whose parents did not allow them to drink on these childhood antecedent variables. RESULTS: Adolescents whose parents allowed them to drink had higher odds of heavy drinking (odds ratio [OR] = 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.96 to 2.94), rapidly escalating from initiation to heavy drinking (OR = 1.94; CI = 1.52 to 2.49), and frequent heavy drinking (OR = 2.32; 1.73 to 3.09), beyond child and parent confounders and using CEM methods. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents who were allowed to drink were more likely to have transitioned quickly from their first drink to consuming 5 or more drinks at 1 time and to drinking heavily 3 or more times in the past year. Given well-documented harms of adolescent heavy drinking, these results do not support the idea that parents allowing children to drink alcohol inoculates them against alcohol misuse.
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Trastornos Relacionados con Alcohol/psicología , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Padres/psicología , Tolerancia , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/psicología , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/tendencias , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/psicología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/tendencias , Trastornos Relacionados con Alcohol/epidemiología , Niño , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Reino Unido/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Peer victimization is consistently linked to adolescents' alcohol use. However, the relative influence of relational and physical peer victimization on alcohol use, and timing of drinking initiation, is not well understood. In this study, we evaluate the impact of both relational and physical peer victimization on adolescent girls' alcohol use initiation, and the extent to which depression severity moderates these associations. METHODS: Participants were 2,125 girls in the Pittsburgh Girls Study, a longitudinal community-based study. Participants reported experiences of relational and physical peer victimization, depression severity, and alcohol use each year from ages 10 to 17. Cox proportional hazards (PH) regression analyses predicting the timing of first drink were conducted in 2 stages, testing for main effects of peer victimization in Model 1 and moderation by depression severity in Model 2. RESULTS: Analyses were split at age 14 to adjust for PH violations. Model 1 results supported a main effect for relational (Hazards ratio [HR] = 1.83, CI: 1.46 to 2.28 ≤ age 13; HR = 1.23, CI: 1.05 to 1.45 ≥ age 14) but not physical victimization on timing of alcohol use onset (HR = 1.10, CI: 0.88 to 1.39). Model 2 results show that depression severity moderates the association between relational victimization and alcohol use initiation: the association between relational victimization and early alcohol use onset was stronger for lower depression severity (-1 SD HR = 2.38, CI: 1.68 to 3.39 ≤ age 13; -1 SD HR = 1.48, CI: 1.10 to 1.52 ≥ age 14). CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate that relational (and not physical) victimization predicts earlier drinking among adolescent girls. Relational peer victimization conferred greater risk for alcohol use initiation when depression severity was lower, whereas girls with high depression severity engaged in early alcohol use regardless of peer victimization. Results suggest that interventions focused on relational peer victimization may have spillover effects for delaying girls' alcohol use initiation, particularly in early adolescence, when this association is most robust.
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Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Depresión/psicología , Grupo Paritario , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/psicología , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/tendencias , Adolescente , Niño , Depresión/diagnóstico , Depresión/epidemiología , Femenino , Predicción , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Adolescents who live near more alcohol outlets tend to consume more alcohol, despite laws prohibiting alcohol purchases for people aged <21â¯years. We examined relationships between adolescents' exposure to alcohol outlets, the sources through which they access alcohol, and their alcohol consumption. METHODS: Participants for this longitudinal study (nâ¯=â¯168) were aged 15-18 years and were from 10 cities in the San Francisco Bay Area. We collected survey data to measure participant characteristics, followed by 1 month of GPS tracking to measure exposure to alcohol outlets (separated into exposures near home and away from home for bars, restaurants, and off-premise outlets). A follow-up survey approximately 1â¯year later measured alcohol access (through outlets, family members, peers aged <21â¯years, peers aged ≥21â¯years) and alcohol consumption (e.g. count of drinking days in last 30). Generalized structural equation models related exposure to alcohol outlets, alcohol access, and alcohol consumption. RESULTS: Exposure to bars and off-premise outlets near home was positively associated with accessing alcohol from peers aged <21, and in turn, accessing alcohol from peers aged <21 was positively associated with alcohol consumption. There was no direct association between exposure to alcohol outlets near home or away from home and alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions that reduce adolescents' access through peers aged <21 may reduce adolescents' alcohol consumption.
Asunto(s)
Bebidas Alcohólicas , Comercio/tendencias , Restaurantes/tendencias , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/prevención & control , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/tendencias , Adolescente , Adulto , Bebidas Alcohólicas/economía , Comercio/economía , Femenino , Sistemas de Información Geográfica/economía , Sistemas de Información Geográfica/tendencias , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Características de la Residencia , Restaurantes/economía , San Francisco/epidemiología , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/economía , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Certain groups, particularly sexual minority youth, demonstrate notable disparities in alcohol use risk. Assessing trends in alcohol use behaviors by sexual orientation over time is therefore important to the epidemiologic study of adolescent health equity. METHODS: We analyzed age at first drink, lifetime drinking behavior, current drinking, and binge drinking in a large, national sample of high school youth across six time points, beginning in 2007 and biennially through 2017. We assessed trends by sex, sexual identity, and sexual behavior, controlling for race/ethnicity and age. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that, although overall alcohol use is decreasing among youth, disparities between heterosexual and sexual minority youth remain significant. The largest decreases were seen in current alcohol use among lesbian youth, which fell from a prevalence of 56.1% in 2007 to 38.9% in 2017, and among bisexual females (64.3% in 2007 to 41.1% in 2017). Despite this, alcohol use behaviors were still elevated among lesbian and bisexual female youth compared with heterosexual sex-matched counterparts. Heterosexual-identified male students saw significant decreases in alcohol use, whereas most alcohol use behaviors among sexual minority males decreased but not to a statistically significant degree, with the exception of binge drinking among those who identified as gay (2007: 36.0% to 2017: 12.6%) and bisexual (2007: 24.7% to 2017: 11.6%). Results by sexual behavior are presented within. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual minority youth continued to demonstrate markedly high prevalence of alcohol use behaviors compared with heterosexual peers across all time points. Downward trends in alcohol use may thus mask serious population health risks if not adequately explored. Research and health promotion efforts must consider sexual minority orientation to avoid incomplete or inaccurate representation of findings.
Asunto(s)
Consumo Excesivo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Consumo Excesivo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/tendencias , Heterosexualidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Asunción de Riesgos , Minorías Sexuales y de Género/estadística & datos numéricos , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/tendencias , Adolescente , Salud del Adolescente , Consumo Excesivo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/etnología , Femenino , Equidad en Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalencia , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/etnología , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/estadística & datos numéricos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Substance use by young people is strongly associated with that of their peers. Little is known about the influence of different types of peers. We tested the relationship between perceived substance use by five types of peers and adolescents' use of illicit drugs, smoking, and alcohol consumption. METHODS: We used data collected from 1285 students aged 12-13â¯as part of a pilot cluster randomized controlled trial (United Kingdom, 2014-2016). The exposures were the perceived use of illicit drugs, smoking and alcohol consumption by best friends, boy or girlfriends, brothers or sisters, friends outside of school and online. Outcomes were self-reported lifetime use of illicit drugs, smoking and alcohol consumption assessed 18-months later. RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence of illicit drug use, smoking and alcohol consumption at the 18-month follow-up were 14.3%, 24.9% and 54.1%, respectively. In the fully adjusted models, perceived substance use by friends outside of school, brothers or sisters, and online had the most consistent associations with outcomes. Perceived use by friends online was associated with an increased risk of ever having used illicit drugs (odds ratio [OR]â¯=â¯2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]â¯=â¯1.26, 4.69), smoking (ORâ¯=â¯1.61, 95% CI 0.96, 2.70) and alcohol consumption (ORâ¯=â¯2.98, 95% CIâ¯=â¯1.71, 5.18). CONCLUSIONS: Perceived substance use by friends outside of school, brothers and sisters and online could be viable sources of peer influence. If these findings are replicated, a greater emphasis should be made in interventions to mitigate the influence of these peers.
Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Drogas Ilícitas , Influencia de los Compañeros , Fumar/psicología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/psicología , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Amigos/psicología , Humanos , Masculino , Grupo Paritario , Proyectos Piloto , Fumar/epidemiología , Fumar/tendencias , Estudiantes/psicología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/tendencias , Gales/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Adolescent alcohol consumption has fallen in most Western countries over the past two decades, while immigrants and children of immigrants from low-consumption countries constitute a growing proportion of teenagers in many Western nations. We investigate the extent to which immigrants and children of immigrants have contributed to the decline in adolescent heavy episodic drinking in Oslo, the capital of Norway. METHODS: We use repeated cross-sectional survey data on adolescents in grades 9-11 in Oslo (aged around 14-16, Nâ¯=â¯54,474) from 1996 to 2018. We use data on heavy episodic drinking/intoxication in the past 12 months (dichotomized), immigrant background, sex and grade. We decompose the trend into components attributable to changes in the demographic composition of the adolescent population (by immigrant background, grade and sex), and to changes in drinking patterns within different groups. Confidence intervals (CIs) are obtained by bootstrap resampling. RESULTS: The proportion of adolescents with immigrant backgrounds increased from 21% to 35% over the time span. The proportion reporting having been intoxicated fell from 42% to 25%. Most of the decline stems from reduced heavy episodic drinking in the majority population, accounting for 70.8% of the reduction (95% CI: 67.5-74.2). The increased proportion of adolescents with an immigrant background accounts for 21.4% of the decline (95% CI: 19.2-23.8). CONCLUSIONS: An increasing proportion of immigrants and children of immigrants with low alcohol consumption explains one-fifth of the decline in the prevalence of adolescent heavy episodic drinking in Oslo.
Asunto(s)
Intoxicación Alcohólica/epidemiología , Consumo Excesivo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Consumo Excesivo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/tendencias , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Noruega/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/tendenciasRESUMEN
AIMS: Population data suggest that a significant proportion of young drinkers are reducing or ceasing their alcohol use; however, there is a lack of information about the characteristics of young people who do so. Our study aimed to determine characteristics associated with self-reported attempted and successful alcohol reduction and cessation among young people in Victoria, Australia. METHODS: Data are from a cross-sectional online survey with young people aged 15-29 years living in Victoria, Australia. Participants who reported consuming alcohol in the past 12 months were included in the analysis (N = 1,162). RESULTS: Alcohol drinking cessation in the past 12 months was reported by 3.8% (n = 44) and reduced alcohol consumption was reported by 32.1% (n = 371) of participants. Characteristics associated with trying to reduce or cease alcohol consumption were older age, being born overseas, drinking at hazardous levels, experiencing alcohol-related harms and interest in health content on social media. Characteristics associated with successful alcohol reduction or cessation were being born overseas and experiencing alcohol-related harm, while being a member of a religious group was negatively associated. CONCLUSIONS: Recent reduction in alcohol consumption was common among young people in this study. Recent reduction in alcohol consumption was common among young people in this study. A combination of factors appear to be correlated with recent attempts to reduce drinking young people including socio-demographic characteristics, religiosity, drinking practices and experience of harm, and interest in health.
Asunto(s)
Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/tendencias , Autoinforme , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/tendencias , Adolescente , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/psicología , Australia/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Consumo de Alcohol en Menores/psicología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Binge drinking accounts for several adverse health, social, legal, and academic outcomes among adolescents. Understanding trends and correlates of binge drinking and alcohol abstention has important implications for policy and programs and was the aim of this study. The current study examined trends in adolescent binge drinking and alcohol abstention by age, gender, and race/ethnicity over a 15-year period. METHODS: Respondents between the ages of 12 and 17 years who participated in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) between 2002 and 2016 were included in the sample of 258,309. Measures included binge drinking, alcohol abstention, and co-morbid factors (e.g., marijuana, other illicit drugs), and demographic factors. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the significance of trend changes by sub-groups while controlling for co-morbid and demographic factors. Findings indicated that binge drinking decreased substantially among adolescents in the US over the last 15 years. This decrease was shown among all age, gender, and racial/ethnic groups. In 2002, Year 1 of the study, 26% of 17-year-olds reported past-month binge drinking; in 2016, past-month binge drinking dropped to 12%. Findings also indicated comparable increases in the proportion of youth reporting abstention from alcohol consumption across all subgroups. Black youth reported substantially lower levels of binge alcohol use and higher levels of abstention, although the gap between Black, Hispanic and White youth narrowed substantially between 2002 and 2016. CONCLUSION: Study findings are consistent with those of other research showing declines in problem alcohol- use behavior among youth.