Prevalence of Congenital Anomalies of the Upper Limbs in Brazil: a descriptive cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Congenital Anomalies of the Upper Limb (CAUL) are a group of structural or functional abnormalities that develop during intrauterine life and can lead to limb dysfunction. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prevalence of congenital anomalies of the upper limbs in Brazil and assess maternal and neonatal variables. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on congenital upper limb malformations among live births across Brazil. METHODS: The study spanned from 2010 to 2019. Data were sourced from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) and the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) portal. Analyses focused on the information reported in field 41 of the Live Birth Declaration Form entered into the computerized system. RESULTS: The most common anomaly in Brazil was supernumerary fingers, classified as ICD-Q69.0, affecting 11,708 children, with a prevalence of 4.02 per 10,000 live births. Mothers aged over 40 years had a 36% higher prevalence of having children with CAUL than mothers under 40 years old (OR = 1.36; 95% CI 1.19-1.56). Newborns weighing ≥ 2,499 g were 2.64 times more likely to have CAUL compared to those weighing ≥ 2,500 g (OR = 2.64; 95% CI 2.55-2.73). CONCLUSION: There was an observed increase in the reporting of CAUL cases over the decade studied. This trend serves as an alert for health agencies, as understanding the prevalence of CAUL and its associated factors is crucial for preventive medicine.

Anthropometric Characteristics, Handgrip Strength, and Upper Limb Asymmetries in Highly Trained Chilean Shot Put Para-Athletes / Características Antropométricas, Fuerza de Prensión Manual y Asimetrías de Miembros Superiores en Para-Atletas Chilenos de Lanzamiento de Bala Altamente Entrenados

SUMMARY: Anthropometric characteristics, including body size, shape, and composition, can have a significant impact on sports performance due to their influence on various physiological and biomechanical factors. However, limited research has been conducted on the anthropometric characteristics of highly trained throwing para-athletes. The purpose of this study was to describe the anthropometric characteristics, handgrip strength, and upper limb bilateral asymmetries of highly trained Chilean shot put para-throwers. Five male Chilean shot put para-athletes (average age of 38.8 ± 7.7 years) were assessed for their anthropometric characteristics, including skinfold thickness at six anatomical sites, girth at five sites, and bone breadth at two sites. Handgrip strength and bilateral asymmetries were also measured. The body mass and height of the athletes were found to be 90.5 ± 5.1 kg and 179.1 ± 8.9 cm, respectively. The athletes were found to have an endo-mesomorph somatotype (4.4-6.9-1.0) with high levels of fat mass (25.7 ± 2.8 %) and skeletal muscle mass (39.1 ± 3.7 %). The handgrip strength of the athletes was found to be 66.4 ± 6.7 kg with a bilateral asymmetry of 6.5 ± 6.2 %, with the dominant hand showing greater strength. The results indicate that the shot put para-athletes have a somatotype characterized by increased muscularity and body fat, along with a considerable stature. Although handgrip strength was found to be high, the athletes showed bilateral asymmetry, which requires further investigation to determine the cause and implications.

Las características antropométricas, incluido el tamaño, forma y composición del cuerpo, pueden tener un impacto significativo en el rendimiento deportivo debido a su influencia en diversos factores fisiológicos y biomecánicos. Sin embargo, las investigaciones sobre las características antropométricas para-atletas de lanzamiento altamente entrenados son limitadas. El propósito de este estudio fue describir las características antropométricas, la fuerza de prensión manual y las asimetrías bilaterales de miembros superiores de paralanzadores chilenos altamente entrenados en lanzamiento de la bala. Se evaluaron las características antropométricas de cinco atletas masculinos chilenos de lanzamiento de bala (edad promedio de 38,8 ± 7,7 años), incluido el grosor de los pliegues cutáneos en seis sitios anatómicos, la circunferencia en cinco sitios y la anchura de los huesos en dos sitios. También se midieron la fuerza de prensión manual y las asimetrías bilaterales. Se encontró que la masa corporal y la altura de los atletas eran 90,5 ± 5,1 kg y 179,1 ± 8,9 cm, respectivamente. Los atletas tenían un somatotipo endo-mesomorfo (4.4-6.9-1.0) con altos niveles de masa grasa (25.7 ± 2.8 %) y masa muscular esquelética (39.1 ± 3.7 %). Se encontró además que la fuerza de prensión manual de los atletas era de 66,4 ± 6,7 kg con una asimetría bilateral de 6,5 ± 6,2 %, mostrando mayor fuerza la mano dominante. Los resultados indican que los atletas de lanzamiento de bala tienen un somatotipo caracterizado por una mayor musculatura y grasa corporal, junto con una estatura considerable. Aunque se encontró que la fuerza de agarre era alta, los atletas mostraron asimetría bilateral, lo que requiere de más investigaciones para determinar las causa e implicaciones.

Caracterización clínica y sociodemográfica de la población infantojuvenil entre 2 y 17 años con diagnóstico de deficiencia de extremidades superiores adquirida y/o congénita, en el Instituto Teletón Santiago / Clinical and sociodemographic characterization of the child and youth population between 2 and 17 years old with a diagnosis of acquired or congenital upper limbs deficiency at Instituto Teletón Santiago

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las deficiencias congénitas y adquiridas de extremidades superiores son una condición importante en la población pediátrica, existe poca información respecto de sus características clínicas, sociodemográficas y las asociadas al uso de prótesis. OBJETIVO: Describir las características clínicas y sociodemográficas de la población infantojuvenil entre 2 y 17 años con diagnóstico de deficiencia de extremidades superiores adquirida y/o congénita, pertenecientes al Instituto Teletón Santiago (IT-S). METODOLOGÍA: Estudio transversal, en población infantojuvenil entre 2 y 17 años, con diagnóstico de deficiencia de extremidades superiores, adquirida y congénita, que se atienden en el IT-S. Se realizó una revisión de fichas clínicas y encuesta para la obtención de datos de características sociodemográficas, clínicas y asociadas al uso de prótesis. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 215 pacientes, 93,9% de etiología congénita y 6,1% adquirida. El nivel de la deficiencia más frecuente fue parcial de mano con 51,6%, seguido del transradial con 33,1%. El 33% de los 215 pacientes estudiados tuvieron prescripción de prótesis. De los pacientes con prescripción de prótesis, 78,9% correspondía a mecánica y 18,3% a prótesis 3D. El 53,5% usaba su prótesis y el 46,4% no la usaba. Respecto a las prótesis 3D, el 84,6% no la usaban. En el nivel parcial de mano, el 83,3% no usaban su prótesis. CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio aporta datos de importancia clínica, destacando, una prescripción protésica de inicio temprano y asociada a las características clínicas de los pacientes. Así mismo, existe una alta tasa de no uso de las prótesis 3D, en el nivel parcial de mano.

INTRODUCTION: Congenital and acquired deficiencies of the upper extremities are an important condition in the pediatric population, however, there is almost no information regarding the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics and those associated with the use of prostheses. OBJECTIVE: Describe the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of the child and adolescent population between 2 and 17 years old with a diagnosis of acquired and/or congenital upper limb deficiency, belonging to the Instituto Teletón Santiago (IT-S). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in child and adolescent population between 2 and 17 years old, with a diagnosis of acquired and/ or congenital upper limb deficiency treated in the IT-S. A review of clinical records and a survey were carried out to obtain data on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and characteristics associated with the use of prostheses. RESULTS: 215 patients were included, 93.9% of congenital and 6.1% of acquired etiology. The most common level of deficiency was partial hand with 51.6%, followed by transradial with 33.1%. 33% of the 215 patients included had a prescription for a prosthesis. 78.9% of the patients with a prosthesis prescription had a mechanical prosthesis and 18.3% had a 3D prosthesis. 53.5% used their prosthesis and 46.4% did not use it. 84.6% of the patients with 3D prostheses did not use them and an 83.3% of the patients with a partial hand level deficiency did not use their prosthesis. CONCLUSION: This study provides data of clinical importance, highlighting an early-onset prosthetic prescription associated with the clinical characteristics of the patients. Likewise, there is a high rate of non-use of 3D prostheses at the partial hand level.

CRL4-Cereblon complex in Thalidomide Embryopathy: a translational investigation.

The Cereblon-CRL4 complex has been studied predominantly with regards to thalidomide treatment of multiple myeloma. Nevertheless, the role of Cereblon-CRL4 in Thalidomide Embryopathy (TE) is still not understood. Not all embryos exposed to thalidomide develop TE, hence here we evaluate the role of the CRL4-Cereblon complex in TE variability and susceptibility. We sequenced CRBN, DDB1, CUL4A, IKZF1, and IKZF3 in individuals with TE. To better interpret the variants, we suggested a score and a heatmap comprising their regulatory effect. Differential gene expression after thalidomide exposure and conservation of the CRL4-Cereblon protein complex were accessed from public repositories. Results suggest a summation effect of Cereblon variants on pre-axial longitudinal limb anomalies, and heatmap scores identify the CUL4A variant rs138961957 as potentially having an effect on TE susceptibility. CRL4-Cereblon gene expression after thalidomide exposure and CLR4-Cereblon protein conservation does not explain the difference in Thalidomide sensitivity between species. In conclusion, we suggest that CRL4-Cereblon variants act through several regulatory mechanisms, which may influence CRL4-Cereblon complex assembly and its ability to bind thalidomide. Human genetic variability must be addressed not only to further understand the susceptibility to TE, but as a crucial element in therapeutics, including in the development of pharmacogenomics strategies.

The role of ESCO2, SALL4 and TBX5 genes in the susceptibility to thalidomide teratogenesis.

Thalidomide is widely used for several diseases; however, it causes malformations in embryos exposed during pregnancy. The complete understanding of the mechanisms by which thalidomide affects the embryo development has not yet been obtained. The phenotypic similarity makes TE a phenocopy of syndromes caused by mutations in ESCO2, SALL4 and TBX5 genes. Recently, SALL4 and TBX5 were demonstrated to be thalidomide targets. To understand if these genes act in the TE development, we sequenced them in 27 individuals with TE; we verified how thalidomide affect them in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) through a differential gene expression (DGE) analysis from GSE63935; and we evaluated how these genes are functionally related through an interaction network analysis. We identified 8 variants in ESCO2, 15 in SALL4 and 15 in TBX5. We compared allelic frequencies with data from ExAC, 1000 Genomes and ABraOM databases; eight variants were significantly different (p < 0.05). Eleven variants in SALL4 and TBX5 were previously associated with cardiac diseases or malformations; however, in TE sample there was no association. Variant effect prediction tools showed 97% of the variants with potential to influence in these genes regulation. DGE analysis showed a significant reduction of ESCO2 in hPSCs after thalidomide exposure.

Application of three-dimensional prototyping in planning the treatment of proximal humerus bone deformities / O uso da prototipagem tridimensional para o planejamento do tratamento das deformidades ósseas do úmero proximal

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the use of three-dimensional prototyping or rapid prototyping in acrylic resin to create synthetic three-dimensional models in order to promote the understanding of bone deformities of the shoulder. Methods: Five patients were analyzed between ages of 11 and 73 years old, treated between 2008 and 2013 with glenohumeral deformities that required a more thorough review of the anatomical alterations, for whom three-dimensional prototyping was performed. Results: Patient 1 was treated conservatively and is awaiting humeral head arthroplasty if symptoms get worse. Patient 2 underwent a valgus proximal humerus osteotomy secured with pediatric locked hip plate according to a prior assessment with prototyping. Patient 3 underwent a disinsertion of the rotator cuff, tubercleplasty and posterior reinsertion of the rotator cuff. Patient 4 underwent an arthroscopic step-off resection, 360-degree capsulotomy, and tenolysis of the subscapularis. Patient 5 underwent a reverse shoulder arthroplasty with an L-shaped bone graft on the posterior glenoid. Conclusions: Rapid prototyping in acrylic resin allows a better preoperative planning in treatment of bone deformities in the shoulder, minimizing the risk of intraoperative complications in an attempt to improve the results.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o uso da prototipagem tridimensional ou prototipagem rápida em resina acrílica na criação de modelos sintéticos tridimensionais para facilitar o entendimento das deformidades ósseas do ombro. Métodos: Foram analisados cinco pacientes entre 11 e 73 anos, tratados entre 2008 e 2013, com deformidades glenoumerais, que necessitavam de uma avaliação mais precisa da alteração anatômica, nos quais foi feita a prototipagem tridimensional. Resultados: O paciente 1 foi tratado conservadoramente e aguarda artroplastia da cabeça umeral caso haja pioria dos sintomas. O paciente 2 foi submetido a osteotomia valgizante do úmero proximal, fixada com placa bloqueada de quadril pediátrica conforme avaliação prévia da prototipagem. O paciente 3 foi submetido a desinserção do manguito e plastia dos tubérculos e posterior reinserção do manguito rotador. O paciente 4 foi submetido a ressecção artroscópica do degrau articular, capsulotomia 360 graus e tenólise do subescapular. O paciente 5 foi submetido a artroplastia reversa de ombro com enxerto ósseo em L na glenoide posterossuperior. Conclusão: A prototipagem rápida em resina acrílica permite um melhor planejamento pré-operatório no tratamento das deformidades ósseas no ombro, minimiza o risco de intercorrências intraoperatórias, numa tentativa de aprimorar os resultados.

Radial Longitudinal Deficiency: Recent Developments, Controversies, and an Evidence-Based Guide to Treatment.

Radial longitudinal deficiency (RLD) is the most common congenital longitudinal deficiency at birth and represents a wide spectrum of upper extremity anomalies, from mild thumb hypoplasia to absent radius. Radial dysplasia may be isolated or associated with an array of systemic anomalies that should be familiar to pediatric hand surgeons. The management of RLD has evolved greatly since its inception in the late 19th century, largely due to decades of innovation that followed the thalidomide catastrophe of the 1960s. Yet controversy still exists regarding many aspects of RLD. Traditional treatments of radial dysplasia (ie, centralization) are unfortunately wrought with poor outcomes and high rates of recurrence, leading some authors to recommend alternative techniques for this condition. Reconstruction of the hypoplastic thumb, although less controversial, is just starting to see long-term outcomes. This article reviews the etiology, classification, and treatment options for RLD, highlighting recent developments and outcomes.

Heterogeneous Diagnoses Underlying Radial Ray Anomalies.

OBJECTIVE: To review perinatal Radial Ray Anomaly (RRA) cases born at the National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico, and to reveal the heterogeneous diagnoses of these patients. METHODS: All patients with RRA over a 18 mo period were included; 4/15 were detected prenatally and 11/15 postnatally. Karyotype was performed for all patients with bilateral RRA; and chromosomal breakage analysis, when the karyotype was normal. RESULTS: Fifteen RRA patients were identified: one with trisomy 18, three with an isolated defect, six with monogenic disease, four with a genetic association and one with diabetic embryopathy. Five were stillborn and two died during the early neonatal period; all of whom presented with multiple defects. Three of the live born patients and one stillborn with multiple defects had Fanconi anemia. RRAs carry a high perinatal mortality rate (47%) when they occur in association with other defects. CONCLUSIONS: The assessment of these patients needs to involve the combined use of ultrasound, clinical, genetic, cytogenetic and molecular testing. The present results indicate that the chromosome breakage test should always be performed to rule out Fanconi anemia in this group.

Pectus excavatum e assimetrias mamárias: correção com mamoplastia de aumento / Pectus excavatum and breast asymmetry: correction with breast augmentation

Introdução: O pectus excavatum é definido com uma depressão aproximando o esterno e as cartilagens costais à coluna vertebral. Existem diversas teorias em relação à etiologia; a mais aceita consiste no crescimento exagerado das cartilagens costais, causando um deslocamento posterior do esterno e consequente depressão. Dentre as formas de tratamento, encontra-se a correção das assimetrias mamárias utilizando próteses mamárias de silicone em pacientes sem sintomas cardiopulmonares, apenas com queixa estética. Métodos: Foram revisados os registros em prontuários e registros fotográficos de oito casos de pacientes femininas com diagnóstico de pectus excavatum operadas em um hospital privado na região Sul do Brasil, que procuravam o serviço com queixas estéticas locais, e não apresentavam queixas cardiorrespiratórias. Resultados: Seis casos foram submetidos somente à inclusão de prótese mamária. Uma paciente havia colocado prótese havia 15 anos, sendo essa substituída por novo implante, no mesmo plano. Outra paciente já havia realizado cirurgia de correção de pectus descrito por Nuss, 10 anos antes, vindo a consulta com queixa de hipomastia e assimetria. O tipo anestésico preferido foi a anestesia geral, em cinco dos casos. O plano de inclusão de prótese na quase totalidade dos casos foi o subglandular. Somente uma paciente apresentou complicação (seroma). Conclusões: Evidenciamos, na nossa amostra, que a inclusão de prótese mamária em pacientes com pectus excavatum é capaz de trazer resultados estético harmônicos, atenuando e/ou mascarando o defeito torácico, com resultados estéticos satisfatórios para os pacientes.

Introduction: Pectus excavatum is defined as a depression approaching the sternum and costal cartilages to the spine. Several theories explain its etiology, the most accepted of which is the exaggerated growth of the costal cartilages, which causes a posterior displacement of the sternum and consequent depression. The treatment includes correction of breast asymmetries by using silicone breast implants in patients without cardiopulmonary symptoms, only with esthetic complaints. Methods: We reviewed the medical and photographic records of eight female patients diagnosed as having pectus excavatum, who underwent operation at a private hospital in the southern region of Brazil. These women sought consultation for local esthetic complaints and had no cardiorespiratory complaints. Results: Six patients submitted only for breast prosthesis placement. One patient had a prosthesis implanted 15 years before, which was replaced by a new implant in the same plane. Another patient had undergone pectus repair with Nuss surgery 10 years before, and the patient came to the hospital with a complaint of hypomasty and asymmetry. The preferred anesthesia was general anesthesia in five of the cases. The prosthesis inclusion plane in almost all the cases was subglandular. Only one patient had a complication (seroma). Conclusions: In our sample, the placement of breast prostheses in the patients with pectus excavatum brought harmonic esthetic results, attenuating and/or masking the chest defect, with satisfactory esthetic results for the patients.

Lábio duplo bilabial / Bilabial double lip

O lábio duplo é uma entidade rara, com poucos relatos, que geralmente afeta o lábio superior, sendo de fácil diagnóstico clínico. Pode ter origem congênita ou adquirida. O tratamento cirúrgico é indicado por queixa estética ou funcional, de simples execução. Este relato refere-se a um caso de lábio duplo bilabial em paciente do sexo masculino de 14 anos, em que foi realizada correção cirúrgica por motivação estética do paciente, com ótimo resultado dos pontos de vista estético e funcional.

There are few published reports on double lip, a rare entity that usually affects the upper lip, and that is easily diagnosed clinically. It may be congenital or acquired. Surgical treatment is indicated for aesthetic or functional complaints, and is simple to implement. This report describes a case of bilabial double lip in a 14-year-old male patient, in whom surgical correction was carried out for aesthetic reasons, with excellent aesthetic and functional results.

Braquiotoracoplastia em Z no tratamento do contorno corporal após perda ponderal maciça / Z brachiothoracoplasty for body contouring after massive weight loss

INTRODUÇÃO: A braquioplastia trata as deformidades dos membros superiores. A toracoplastia lateral visa o tratamento do torso superior. As braquioplastias, toracoplastias e também as braquiotoracoplastias em Z têm sido utilizadas no Hospital Estadual de Sapopemba no tratamento das deformidades dos membros superiores e terço superior do tórax. Objetivo: Propõe-se descrever as modificações na técnica cirúrgica resultando na braquiotoracoplastia em Z e analisar a casuística e os resultados obtidos, no tratamento das deformidades da região lateral do tórax. MÉTODO: Foram submetidos à braquiotoracoplastia e toracoplastia lateral 31 pacientes. A demarcação foi feita em posição ortostática, e os membros superiores abduzidos em 90o. Iniciou-se pela demarcação da braquioplastia, em duplo fuso, prolongando-se de maneira modificada a demarcação, seguindo pela linha axilar anterior em direção ao sulco inframamário em forma de Z. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes referiram melhora do contorno da região e não houve queixas quanto ao posicionamento da cicatriz. DISCUSSÃO: O procedimento da braquiotoracoplastia em Z atual consiste em estender a linha de incisão da face medial do braço, passando proximalmente à axila e continuando pela linha axilar média até o sulco mamário. Ocorreu a melhora do contorno da região dorsal e das dobras cutâneas da região torácica lateral. CONCLUSÃO: A braquiotoracoplastia em Z e a toracoplastia lateral têm a grande vantagem de eliminar a cicatriz circunferencial no torso superior, promovendo a melhoria do contorno dessa região por meio da ressecção cutânea tanto no sentido craniocaudal, como anteroposterior.

INTRODUCTION: Brachioplasty treats deformities of the upper limbs. Lateral thoracoplasty treats the upper torso. Brachioplasties, thoracoplasties, and brachiothoracoplasties have been performed with Z-plasty for deformities of the upper limbs and upper third of the chest, in the Sapopemba State Hospital. Objective: We describe modifications of surgical technique for the performance of Z brachiothoracoplasty, and evaluate the results of treatment of deformities of the lateral chest. METHOD: Thirty-one Patients underwent brachiothoracoplasty and lateral thoracoplasty. The demarcation was made with the patient upright, and the upper limbs abducted at 90º. Marking for brachioplasty was performed using a double-ellipse, to lengthen the modified demarcation along the anterior axillary line toward the inframammary crease in a Z shape. RESULTS: All patients reported an improvement in the contour of the region, and there were no complaints regarding the positioning of the scar. DISCUSSION: Z brachiothoracoplasty consists of extending the incision line on the medial aspect of the arm, passing proximally to the axilla, and continuing through the midaxillary line to the inframammary crease. There was an improvement in the contour of the dorsal region and the skin folds of the lateral thoracic region. CONCLUSION: Z brachiothoracoplasty and lateral thoracoplasty have the great advantage of eliminating a circumferential scar on the upper torso, thereby improving the contour of the region through skin resection in both the craniocaudal and anteroposterior directions.

Braquioplastia pós-gastroplastia: avaliação da satisfação dos pacientes / Brachioplasty after bariatric surgery: evaluation of patient satisfaction

Introdução: A deformidade dos membros superiores, causada pela perda ponderal maciça, pode ser corrigida por meio da braquioplastia. Essa cirurgia plástica visa melhorar o contorno dos membros, facilitar a higiene e possibilitar o uso de determinadas vestimentas. Objetivo: Demonstrar casuística, relatar intercorrências e complicações e avaliar a satisfação de pacientes submetidos à braquioplastia após gastroplastia. Método: Trinta e quatro pacientes (97% mulheres, idade 46,6 ± 12 anos) submetidos à braquioplastia após cirurgia bariátrica foram recrutados para o estudo. Descrevemos a ocorrência de intercorrências e complicações associadas ao procedimento cirúrgico e avaliamos a satisfação de 33 pacientes por meio de entrevista qualitativa e questionário específico. Resultados: Como complicações menores, observou-se pequena deiscência em cinco pacientes (14,7%); não foram observadas complicações cirúrgicas maiores. O grau de satisfação foi obtido em 81,8% dos pacientes e o resultado alcançado ficou próximo das expectativas de 69,7% deles. Conclusões: As técnicas utilizadas de braquioplastia pós-bariátrica restabeleceram o adequado contorno braquial, com baixo índice de complicações menores e alto grau de satisfação dos pacientes avaliados.

Introduction: Upper limb deformity caused by massive weight loss can be corrected by brachioplasty. This plastic surgery improves limb contour, facilitates hygiene, and enables use of certain clothing. Objective: To present the cases, describe interventions and complications, and evaluate the satisfaction of patients who underwent brachioplasty after bariatric surgery. Method: Herein, 34 patients (including 33 females) aged 46.6 ± 12 years, who underwent brachioplasty after bariatric surgery, were recruited for the study. Interventions and complications associated with the surgical procedure were described, and the satisfaction of 33 patients was evaluated by a qualitative interview and specific questionnaire. Results: As a minor complication, slight dehiscence was observed in five patients (14.7%), but no major surgical complications were seen. Some degree of satisfaction was reported by 81.8% of the patients, and the outcome achieved in 69.7% was close to that expected. Conclusions: The brachioplasty techniques that were used restored proper arm contour with a low rate of minor complications, and a high degree of satisfaction among the patients evaluated.

Amputação do membro torácico por gangrena em felino neonato / Forelimb amputation for gangrene in newborn cat

Gangrena é um processo de mortificação e necrose de uma área tecidual, podendo ser séptica ou asséptica,direta ou indireta. O diagnóstico baseia-se na alteração de cor dos tecidos, diminuição da temperaturalocal e falta de circulação e sensibilidade, indicando-se a amputação do tecido, principalmente quando setrata de extremidades ou membros. Objetiva-se com esse relato descrever um caso de gangrena seca nomembro de um felino neonato, no qual a técnica de desarticulação escápulo-umeral promoveu o tratamentoadequado, permitindo boa adaptabilidade do mesmo.

Gangrene is a process of mortification and necrosis of tissue area and may be septic or asseptic, directly orindirectly. Diagnosis is based on the color change, decrease the local temperature and lack of movementand sensitivity. Amputation is indicated, especially when it comes to extremities or members. This reportdescribes a case of dry gangrene of a feline neonate limb, in which the technique of scapulo-humeral disarticulationpromoted a treatment appropriate to the animal, allowing good adaptability.

Amputação do membro torácico por gangrena em felino neonato / Forelimb amputation for gangrene in newborn cat

Gangrena é um processo de mortificação e necrose de uma área tecidual, podendo ser séptica ou asséptica,direta ou indireta. O diagnóstico baseia-se na alteração de cor dos tecidos, diminuição da temperaturalocal e falta de circulação e sensibilidade, indicando-se a amputação do tecido, principalmente quando setrata de extremidades ou membros. Objetiva-se com esse relato descrever um caso de gangrena seca nomembro de um felino neonato, no qual a técnica de desarticulação escápulo-umeral promoveu o tratamentoadequado, permitindo boa adaptabilidade do mesmo.AU

Gangrene is a process of mortification and necrosis of tissue area and may be septic or asseptic, directly orindirectly. Diagnosis is based on the color change, decrease the local temperature and lack of movementand sensitivity. Amputation is indicated, especially when it comes to extremities or members. This reportdescribes a case of dry gangrene of a feline neonate limb, in which the technique of scapulo-humeral disarticulationpromoted a treatment appropriate to the animal, allowing good adaptability.AU

Amelia de membros torácicos em potro árabe: relato de caso / Amelia thoracic limbs in Arabian foal: case report / Amelia de miembros torácicos en potro árabe: caso clínico

Amelia é uma alteração congênita em que um ou mais membros anteriores estão ausentes, em parte ou totalmente. O presente relato de caso descreve a ocorrência de um caso de amelia bilateral dos membros torácicos de uma potranca, da raça Árabe, oriunda de uma gestação, cujos pais, possuíam grau de consanguinidade de 25%. O diagnóstico foi realizado pela inspeção, exame físico e radiológico, onde foi observada ausência dos ossos distais ao úmero no membro torácico direito e no membro torácico esquerdo havia um pequeno fragmento da diáfise e epífise do rádio e ulna.

Amelia is a congenital condition in which one or more forelimbs are missing, either in part or totally. This case report describes the occurrence of a case of bilateral amelia of the forelimbs of an Arabian foal, coming from a pregnancy, whose parents had a degree of consanguinity of 25%. The diagnosis was made by inspection, physical examination and radiology, where it was observed the absence of the distal humerus bone in the right forelimb and the left forelimb was a small fragment of the diaphysis and epiphysis of the radius and ulna.

Amelia es una alteración congénita de un o más miembros anteriores siendo ausentes en parte o totalmente. Este caso describe la ocurrencia de un caso de amelia bilateral de las extremidades delanteras de una potra, de raza árabe, procedente de un embarazo, donde los padres tenían un grado de consanguinidad de un 25%. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante la inspeción, examen fisico, la disección y la radiología, donde se observó la ausencia de los huesos distales al húmero en miembro superior derecho y miembro torácico izquierdo había un pequeño fragmento de la diáfisis y epífisis del radio y el cúbito.

Congenital deformities of the upper limbs. Part III: Overgrowth; Undergrowth; Streeter and others / Deformidades congênitas dos membros superiores. Parte III: hipercrescimento; hipocrescimento; Streeter e outras

This article, presented in three sections, review the most commons upper limb malformations and theirs treatments. In this section three there's a discussion about overgrowth; undergrowth; Streeter Syndrome and other malformations. The bibliography is continuous since section one. .

Este artigo, dividido em três partes, tem por objetivo rever as deformidades congênitas mais comuns que afetam os membros superiores e descrever seus tratamentos. Nesta terceira parte discutem-se as falhas de de hipercrescimento, hipocrescimento, Streeter e outras malformações. A bibliografia é contínua a partir da primeira parte.

Congenital deformities of the upper limbs. Part II: failure of formation and duplications / Deformidades congênitas dos membros superiores. Parte II: falhas de formação e duplicação

This article, presented in three sections, review the most common upper limb malformations and their treatments. In this section two there's a discussion about failure of formation and duplication of the parts. The bibliography is continuous since section one.

Este artigo, dividido em três partes, tem por objetivo rever as deformidades congênitas mais comuns que afetam os membros superiores e descrever seus tratamentos. Nesta segundaparte discutem-se as falhas de diferenciação e duplicação. A bibliografia é contínua a partir da primeira parte.

Un caso de síndrome de Adams-Oliver con venas congénitas, dilatadas y persistentes en el cuero cabelludo / A case of Adams-Oliver syndrome with congenital and persistent dilated veins in the scalp

El síndrome de Adams-Oliver es un desorden congénito raro, caracterizado por la presencia de aplasia cutis congénita y defectos terminales transversos de los miembros. Comunicamos el caso de una niña de 4 años de edad con síndrome de Adams-Oliver que presenta venas congénitas, tortuosas y dilatadas en el cuero cabelludo, aplasia cutis congénita con defectos parciales del hueso craneal subyacente, calcificaciones intracraneales y anomalías leves de los pies.

Adams-Oliver syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by aplasia cutis congenita and terminal transverse limb defects. We report a case of a 4-year-old girl with Adams-Oliver syndrome with congenital dilated and tortuous scalp veins, aplasia cutis congenita with partial underlying skull defects, intracranial calcifications, and mild foot anomalies.

Tratamento das dismorfias coxofemorais em pacientes ex-obesos / Treatment of coxofemoral dysmorphia in formely obese patients", "_e": "n

INTRODUÇÃO: Os pacientes que apresentam perda poderal maciça evoluem com sobras dermogordurosas em várias áreas corporais, incluindo os membros inferiores. Diante da heterogeneidade de localização, forma e conteúdo das dismorfias coxofemorais, este trabalho oferece um roteiro de planejamento e sistematização para tratamento de cada uma das deformidades. MÉTODO: Foram avaliadas 28 pacientes do sexo feminino que realizaram coxoplastias e que apresentavam basicamente 3 tipos de deformidade, que poderiam envolver apenas o terço superior, os terços superior e médio ou toda a face medial das coxas. Para cada tipo de deformidade foi aplicada técnica específica; além disso, quando necessário, foi associada suspensão da face lateral das coxas e lipoaspiração. A satisfação das pacientes com os resultados cirúrgicos foi avaliada por meio da aplicação de questionários e notas atribuídas a cada resposta. Foram enumerados intercorrências, complicações e tratamento aplicado. RESULTADOS: Os itens mobilidade, higiene, desempenho sexual, vestimentas e cicatrizes foram avaliados como ótimo (80,5%), bom (14,5%) e regular (5%). CONCLUSÕES: Considerando-se a grande heterogeneidade de dismorfias das coxas em pacientes ex-obesos, um roteiro de tratamento relacionando a deformidade ao tratamento deve ser incorporado ao arsenal cirúrgico.

BACKGROUND: Patients showing massive weight loss eventually develop excessive skin and fat in several body parts, including the lower extremities. Given the diversity of the localization, shape, and content of coxofemoral dysmorphia, this study proposes guidelines for planning and systematizing the treatment of each deformity. METHODS: Twenty-eight female patients who underwent thigh lifts and showed 3 types of deformities were assessed. The deformities encompassed the upper third of the thigh alone, the upper and middle thirds, or the entire medial aspect of the thighs. A specific technique was used for treating each type of deformity. Moreover, when necessary, suspension of the lateral thigh was combined with liposuction. Patient satisfaction with the surgical results was assessed by a graded questionnaire. Unexpected events, complications, and treatments were recorded. RESULTS: Mobility, hygiene, sexual performance, use of clothing, and scars were assessed as excellent (80.5%), good (14.5%), and regular (5%). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the broad heterogeneity of thigh dysmorphia in formerly obese patients, therapeutic guidelines correlating each type of deformity with a specific treatment are necessary.