RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the early hemostatic mechanism of Jianpi Yiqi Shexue decoction (, JYSD) in treating immune thrombocytopathy (ITP), based on the functional homeostasis of brain-intestine axis and blood neurotransmitter METHODS: Non-drug treatment cases: Healthy volunteers were selected as normal control group and compared with patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding, gastrointestinal tumors with bleeding and ITP, to detect the changes of blood 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), ß-endorphin (ß-EP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and compare the changes of blood neuro-transmitters in patients with different disease symptoms. Drug treatment cases: According to the randomized controlled multicenter clinical trial, 272 ITP patients were randomly divided into three groups: treatment group (JYSD) combined group (JYSD + Prednisone) control group (Prednisone). The changes of blood neuro-transmitter (5-HT, ß-EP, VIP) before and after treatment were detected on the basis of peripheral blood platelet (PLT) and grade score. RESULTS: Non-drug treatment cases: compared with the normal control group, the 5-HT level was higher, and the VIP and ß-EP levels were both lower in the ITP group (P < 0.001), and the 5-HT, VIP and ß-EP levels in the Gastrointestinal tumors with bleeding group were also lower compared with the normal control group (P < 0.05, 0.001). Drug treatment cases: The PLT grading scores of the combination group and the control group after treatment were lower than that before treatment (P < 0.05, 0.001). The PLT grading score of the 3 groups were compared in pairs after treatment: the combination group was the lowest among the 3 groups, which was better than the treatment group, but no better than the control group (vs the treatment group, P = 0.005, vs the control group, P = 0.709). The statistical results of full analysis set (FAS) and per protocol set (PPS) were consistent. The bleeding symptom scores of the treatment and combination groups began to drop 7 d after treatment, and kept dropping 14 d after treatment until the end of the study (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the control group started to show favorable results 14 d after treatment (P < 0.05). The FAS and PPS analysis results were consistent. In the control group, the 5-HT level was higher and VIP level was lower after treatment, compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05, 0.001). The ß-EP levels were both increased in the treatment and combination group after treatment, compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05). After treatment, the ß-EP levels in the treatment and control groups were significantly lower compared with the combination groups (P < 0.05). After treatment, compared with the control group, the VIP levels in the treatment and combination groups were up-regulated, and the differences were statistically significant by rank sum test (P < 0.01), and by t-test (P = 0.0002, 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The prednisone tablet is better than the JYSD in increasing the level of PLT, while prednisone tablet combined with JYSD has more advantages in improving patients' peripheral blood PLT levels. However, in improving the bleeding time of ITP patients, the combination of the two drugs was significantly delayed compared with the single usage, showing the characteristics and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine. JYSD can regulate the neurotransmitter level of ITP patients through the function of the brain-gut axis, mobilize 5-HT in the blood of ITP patients to promote the contraction of blood vessels and smooth muscles, and activate the coagulation mechanism are the early hemostatic mechanisms of JYSD. Up-regulate the levels of ß-EP and balancing VIP levels may be an important part of the immune mechanism of JYSD for regulating ITP patients.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Serotonina , Humanos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Masculino , Serotonina/sangre , Anciano , Adulto Joven , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/sangre , Púrpura Trombocitopénica Idiopática/tratamiento farmacológico , Púrpura Trombocitopénica Idiopática/sangre , betaendorfina/sangre , Adolescente , Hemostáticos/administración & dosificación , Hemostasis/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Background and Objectives: The neuroendocrine system plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions, including reproduction, with evidence suggesting its significant involvement in male fertility and sperm development. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) are expressed in both male and female reproductive tissues, influencing penile erection and regulating steroidogenesis in males. Therefore, our study aimed to compare the protein levels of VIP and PACAP in seminal plasma between healthy controls and sub-fertile patients. Additionally, we sought to correlate the levels of these biomarkers with clinical, functional, and laboratory findings in the participants. Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 163 male participants for analysis. The participants were further stratified into subgroups of fertile and sub-fertile men of four subgroups according to the 2021 WHO guidelines. Seminal plasma concentrations of the neuropeptides VIP and PACAP were measured using human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Results: The findings showed statistically significant differences in total sperm count, sperm concentration, total motility, and vitality (p < 0.001) between the fertile group and the sub-fertile group. Specifically, significant differences found between healthy males and oligoasthenospermic patients (p = 0.002), and between asthenospermic and oligoasthenospermic patients (p = 0.039). An ROC analysis showed associated sensitivity and specificity values of 62.2% and 55.6%, respectively, to PACAP seminal levels differentiated between sub-fertile patients from fertile males (p = 0.028). No significant difference in seminal levels of VIP was found between the sub-fertile and fertile groups. Conclusions: Previous research leads to the point of PACAP active involvement in spermatogenesis. In accordance to our study, in human semen samples, we have seen a significance change in PACAP levels amongst patients with low sperm count or with both low sperm count and low motility, hinting at its contribution and acting as a possible factor in this complex process. Thus, alterations in the levels or actions of these neuropeptides have been associated with certain reproductive disorders in males.
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Fertilidad , Polipéptido Hipofisario Activador de la Adenilato-Ciclasa , Semen , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo , Humanos , Masculino , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/sangre , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/análisis , Polipéptido Hipofisario Activador de la Adenilato-Ciclasa/análisis , Polipéptido Hipofisario Activador de la Adenilato-Ciclasa/sangre , Adulto , Semen/química , Semen/metabolismo , Fertilidad/fisiología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/análisis , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Infertilidad Masculina/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. Vasoactive and intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) are neuropeptides that play roles in anti-inflammation and neuroprotection in MS. In this study, we aimed to determine the serum levels of VIP and PACAP in MS patients versus healthy controls and to correlate them with demographics and clinical characteristics. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from MS patients (n = 145) and healthy controls (n = 73) to measure serum levels VIP and PACAP. RESULTS: VIP serum levels were lower in MS patients than healthy controls (p < 0.001). Serum PACAP levels were the same among the two groups. Gender-based analysis showed that VIP levels were lower in healthy females (1238.840 pg/ml) than healthy males (3300.105 pg/ml; p < 0.001), and PACAP serum levels were significantly lower in male MS patients (48,516.214 fg/ml) than female MS patients (62,466.400 fg/ml; p = 0.029). ROC curve suggested that serum VIP level can discriminate patients with MS from healthy controls. Relapsing-remitting MS, progressive-MS, and clinically isolated syndrome groups were different in age, MS disease duration, EDSS score, and VIP levels (p < 0.05). MS disease type and history of previous relapses in the preceding 24 months predicted serum VIP levels, while gender predicted PACAP levels. CONCLUSION: VIP serum levels are decreased in MS patients and can be used to differentiate between MS patients and healthy controls. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to investigate VIP as a marker to reflect MS disease progression.
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Esclerosis Múltiple , Polipéptido Hipofisario Activador de la Adenilato-Ciclasa , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Esclerosis Múltiple/sangre , Esclerosis Múltiple/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/sangre , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/diagnóstico , Polipéptido Hipofisario Activador de la Adenilato-Ciclasa/sangre , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide is a 28-amino acid neuropeptide that has been shown to stimulate bone repair and angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential role of serum VIP concentration in osteonecrosis of femoral trauma (ONFH). METHODS: One hundred five patients diagnosed with non-traumatic ONFH and 103 healthy individuals were enrolled in our study. Serum VIP, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interluekin-1 beta (IL-1ß), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) levels also were detected using the commercial ELISA kit. Radiographic progression was evaluated using FICAT classification. The clinical severity of ONFH was assessed by visual analog score (VAS) and Harris Hip Score (HHS). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to test the potential diagnostic value of VIP in radiographic progression. RESULTS: The serum VIP level of patients with non-traumatic ONFH was significantly lower than that of healthy controls. There was no significant difference between the alcohol group, the steroid-induction group, and the idiopathic group. Serum VIP levels were significantly higher in ONFH patients with femoral head pre-collapse stage than collapse stage. Serum VIP levels were significantly lower. FICAT 4 non-traumatic ONFH patients had significantly lower serum concentrations of VIP when compared with FICAT 3 and FICAT 2. Moreover, serum VIP levels were significantly lower in ONFH patients with FICAT 3 than FICAT 2. Serum VIP levels were negatively related to FICAT stage. In addition, serum VIP levels were negatively associated with VAS score and positively associated with HHS score. Last, we found serum VIP levels were negatively associated with serum TNF-α and IL-1ß levels. ROC curve analysis indicated that decreased serum VIP could serve as a decent biomarker with regard to the diagnosis of radiographic progression. CONCLUSION: Attenuated serum VIP concentrations are correlated with disease severity of non-traumatic ONFH. Decreased serum VIP may serve as a potential indicator of non-traumatic ONFH.
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Cabeza Femoral , Osteonecrosis/diagnóstico , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/sangre , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangre , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Interleucina-1beta/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteonecrosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Curva ROC , Radiografía , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Escala Visual AnalógicaAsunto(s)
Neoplasias Hepáticas/radioterapia , Octreótido/análogos & derivados , Compuestos Organometálicos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/radioterapia , Receptores de Péptidos/química , Vipoma/radioterapia , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundario , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Octreótido/química , Octreótido/uso terapéutico , Compuestos Organometálicos/química , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Radiofármacos/química , Radiofármacos/uso terapéutico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/sangre , Vipoma/patologíaRESUMEN
Background: The congenital portosystemic shunt (PSS) is a common vascular anomaly in dogs. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is produced in various organs (including the small intestine, large intestine, and pancreas), leading to abdominal vasodilation, increased blood flow, increased pancreatic blood flow, and promotion of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine secretions. However, there have been no reports on the concentration of VIP in the portal and peripheral veins in canine PSS. Aim: The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate whether dogs with PSS have a different VIP concentration in their portal system in general. Methods: Six dogs with an extrahepatic portosplenic shunt were included in the study. Blood samples were taken from the saphenous and portal veins during PSS ligation surgery with an amerid constrictor, to evaluate and compare the VIP concentration in both samples. VIP was measured using a commercial canine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: The breeds included Mongrels (n = 2), Norfolk Terriers (n = 1), Miniature Dachshunds (n = 1), and Maltese (n = 2), and their ages were 9.3 ± 6.5 months; the bodyweight was 3.3 ± 0.8 kg. The concentration of VIP in the saphenous vein was 17.75 ± 13.88 pg/ml; on the contrary, the concentration of VIP in the portal vein was 29.7 ± 20.29 pg/ml. There was no significant difference in the VIP concentration between veins. Conclusion: There was no difference in the VIP concentration between the portal and saphenous veins, suggesting a non-association between VIP and the PSS, in the absence of portal hypertension.
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Perros/anomalías , Hipertensión Portal/veterinaria , Sistema Porta/anomalías , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/sangre , Animales , Anomalías Congénitas/veterinaria , Perros/sangre , Femenino , Hemodinámica , Hipertensión Portal/fisiopatología , Masculino , Proyectos PilotoRESUMEN
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a neuroendocrine peptide distributed throughout the human body, including the CNS, where it is particularly abundant in brain regions associated with anxiety and depression. Based on earlier studies indicating that peripheral VIP may cross through the blood-brain barrier, we hypothesized plasma VIP levels to be associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as brain volume and resting-state functional connectivity in the amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampus, and orbitofrontal cortex. Plasma VIP concentrations and anxiety/depression symptoms were measured in 37 healthy females. Functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging were used to evaluate functional connectivity and brain volume respectively, and their associations with VIP concentrations within brain regions associated with anxiety and depression. Negative correlations were found between VIP levels and symptoms of anxiety (r = - 0.44, p = 0.002) and depression (r = - 0.50, p = 0.001). Functional connectivity demonstrated significant VIP-dependent positive associations between the amygdala seed region with both the right parahippocampus (t(33) = 3.1, pFDR = 0.02) and right lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC; t(33) = 2.9, pFDR = 0.02). Moreover, VIP concentrations were significantly, positively correlated with brain volume in the left amygdala (r = 0.28, p = 0.007) and left lateral OFC (r = 0.29, p = 0.004). The present findings highlight a potential role for VIP in the neurobiology of affective symptoms.
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Ansiedad , Encéfalo , Depresión , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/sangre , Adulto , Ansiedad/sangre , Ansiedad/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Depresión/sangre , Depresión/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana EdadAsunto(s)
Diarrea/etiología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Vipoma/diagnóstico , Pancreatocolangiografía por Resonancia Magnética , Diarrea/sangre , Biopsia por Aspiración con Aguja Fina Guiada por Ultrasonido Endoscópico , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/sangre , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundario , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Páncreas/diagnóstico por imagen , Páncreas/patología , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/sangre , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/sangre , Vipoma/sangre , Vipoma/complicaciones , Vipoma/secundarioRESUMEN
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypetide-38 (PACAP-38) have relevant roles in migraine pathophysiology. Their serum levels have been proposed as biomarkers for migraine. Our aim was to assess their diagnostic value in real clinical practice in a cohort of chronic migraine (CM), episodic migraine (EM) and healthy controls (HC). We recruited subjects with CM, EM and HC at two medical centers. Blood samples were drawn under fasting conditions in the interictal period, immediately centrifuged and stored at - 80 ºC. Serum levels were determined by ELISA. Neuropeptide levels, the effect of preventatives, correlations with clinical and demographic variables, and their diagnostic value were studied among clinical categories. 296 age- and sex-matched subjects (101 CM, 98 EM and 97 HC) were included. All three neuropeptide serum levels were higher in CM [median and IQ for CGRP = 18.023 pg/ml (14.4-24.7); VIP = 121.732 pg/ml (48.72-186.72) and PACAP = 204.931 pg/ml (101.08-597.64)] vs EM [CGRP = 14.659 pg/ml (10.29-17.45); VIP = 75.603 pg/ml (28.722-107.10); and PACAP = 94.992 pg/ml (65.77-128.48)] and vs HC [CGRP = 13.988 pg/ml (10.095-17.87); VIP = 84.685 pg/ml (35.32-99.79), and PACAP = 103.142 pg/ml (59.42-123.97)]. Using multinomial modeling, only VIP (OR 1.011, 95% CI 1.003-1.018, p = 0.005) and PACAP (OR 1.003, 95% CI 1.001-1.005, p = 0.002) increased the risk for CM, but not for EM. CGRP did not predict CM or EM. This model could correctly classify only 62/101 (61.38%) of CM, 75/98 (76.53%) of EM, and 5/97 (4.12%) of HC [globally 147/296 (49.8%)]. Individually, PACAP performed the best for classifying clinical categories [global accuracy 150/296 (50.67%)]. In CM, neuropeptide levels were higher in those OnaBT-treated than in no-treated patients. Although interictal serum CGRP and VIP were higher in CM than both EM or HC, their utility to discriminate migraine categories was low. Contrary to other studies, PACAP serum levels were also higher in CM than in EM or HC and had more discriminative capability to distinguish CM from EM and HC. Further investigation is needed for determination technique standardization.
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Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina/sangre , Trastornos Migrañosos/sangre , Polipéptido Hipofisario Activador de la Adenilato-Ciclasa/sangre , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos Migrañosos/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide with potent immunoregulatory properties. Reduced serum VIP levels and alterations in VIP receptors/signaling on immune cells have been associated with different inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. However, its role in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) remains unknown. This study examined the interrelationship between VIP system, autoimmune background and thyroid hormones in peripheral immune cells in patients with AITD. Only Graves' disease (GD) patients showed significantly lower serum VIP levels when compared to healthy subjects and to Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients. Serum VIP levels were lower at the onset of GD, showing a significant negative correlation with thyroid hormone levels. The expression of VIP receptors, VPAC1 and VPAC2, was significantly upregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from GD patients. There was an impairment of VIP signalling in these patients, probably attributable to a dysfunction of VPAC1 with preservation of VPAC2. The correlation between VPAC1 and thyroid hormone receptor expression in PBMC from healthy subjects was lost in GD patients. In summary, the VIP system is altered in peripheral immune cells of GD patients and this finding is associated with different thyroid hormone receptor patterns, showing a dynamic inter-regulation and a prominent role of VIP in this setting.
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Enfermedad de Graves/metabolismo , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/metabolismo , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Receptores de Tipo II del Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/metabolismo , Receptores de Tipo I del Polipéptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/metabolismo , Hormonas Tiroideas/metabolismo , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/sangreRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Zoujin pill (ZJP), a medication used to treat gastrointestinal disorders since the 15th Century in China, have been reported to exert anti-depressant effects in various models. STUDY AIM: To assess the effects of ZJP on gastrointestinal function and depressive behavior in rats under chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and to examine the underlying mechanisms related to brain-gut axis. METHODS: The rats suffered the stressor once daily for 5 weeks. ZJP (0.6 and 1.2 g/kg) and fluoxetine (15 mg/kg) as positive control were administered to the rats through gastric intubation once daily for 5 consecutive weeks. The anti-depression effects were compared by performing sucrose preference tests and open field tests. Gastrointestinal motility was investigated by determining the gastrointestinal transit rate and by electrogastrogram. The serum levels of the gastrointestinal hormone (GAS, MOT, VIP, SP), inflammatory cytokine (IL-1ß, IL-6; , TNFα) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For monoamine neurotransmitters (NE, 5-HT, DA), the levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection in conjunction, which was applied on the samples taken from the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and striatum. RESULTS: The depression-like symptoms among rats under CUMS were significantly relieved by ZJP administration (0.6 and 1.2 g/kg). Gastrointestinal motility was also improved by restoring gastric electrical rhythm and promoting gastrointestinal propulsion. The ZJP at 0.6 g/kg dosage obviously up-regulated 5-HT and DA levels in hippocampus. The ZJP at 1.2 g/kg dosage could increase 5-HT and DA levels in hypothalamus, striatum, and hippocampus, while down-regulated the NE level in hypothalamus and hippocampus. ZJP also reversed the alterations in serum gastrointestinal hormones. Furthermore, treatment with ZJP significantly reduced levels of IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α and increased serum GLP-1 compared with the CUMS group. Fluoxetine also exerted similar anti-depressant effects in the absence of effects on gastrointestinal motility and the levels of serum hormone, inflammatory cytokine and GLP-1. CONCLUSION: ZJP imposed anti-depressant and gastrointestinal regulating functions in rats under CUMS, suggesting potential clinical application. .
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Antidepresivos/uso terapéutico , Depresión/tratamiento farmacológico , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Intestino Delgado/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Psicológico/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Antidepresivos/farmacología , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Monoaminas Biogénicas/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Enfermedad Crónica , Citocinas/sangre , Depresión/sangre , Depresión/fisiopatología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Gastrinas/sangre , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/sangre , Intestino Delgado/fisiología , Masculino , Motilina/sangre , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Estrés Psicológico/sangre , Estrés Psicológico/fisiopatología , Sustancia P/sangre , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/sangreRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Cyperi Rhizoma (CRCR), an ancient and classic herbal pair, has been used in herbal medicines for treating migraine, but its effective components are not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study aimed to identify and quantify the quality markers and anti-migraine active components in CRCR based on chemometric analysis between chemical constituents and pharmacological effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The HPLC fingerprints of eight batches of CRCR samples were obtained, and their characteristic common peaks were identified by HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS. The therapeutic effects of eight batches of CRCR samples on nitroglycerin-induced migraine rats were evaluated by migraine-related neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Similarity analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were applied to screen the quality markers. Artificial neural network and partial least squares regression models were used to screen the anti-migraine compounds by correlating the chemical constituents in HPLC fingerprints and pharmacological indicators. RESULTS: Eighteen characteristic common peaks were found in the HPLC fingerprints, including eleven known compounds and seven unknown compounds. Ferulic acid (FA), senkyunolide I (SI), senkyunolide A (SA), 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), Z-ligustilide (LIG), Z-3-butylidenephthalide (BDPH), nookatone (NKT), levistilide A (LA), α-cyperone (CYP) and other five unknown compounds (P1, P2, P7, P8 and P9) were identified as quality markers. SA, NBP, LIG, NKT, CYP and other three unknown compounds (P1, P4 and P9) can be considered as anti-migraine prototype compounds. The quality markers and anti-migraine active components were further quantified in CRCR extract, rat serum and cerebral cortex by UPLC-MS/MS, which gives a clue to track the dynamic changes of the contents of the main constituents. CONCLUSIONS: Our study explored the anti-migraine material basis, and could lay a foundation for the improvement of the quality control of CRCR in practice.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Rizoma/química , Animales , Tronco Encefálico/metabolismo , Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina/sangre , Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina/genética , Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina/metabolismo , Análisis por Conglomerados , Masculino , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa/sangre , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Serotonina/metabolismo , Agonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT1/farmacología , Sumatriptán/farmacología , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/sangre , betaendorfinaRESUMEN
The immune regulatory cell dysfunction is associated with many immune diseases including food allergy (FA). This study aims to investigate the role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the maintenance of regulatory B cell (Br cell)'s immune suppressive functions by stabilizing thrombospondin (TSP1) expression. In this study, blood samples were collected from patients with food allergy (FA) and healthy control (HC) subjects. Br cells were isolated from the samples through flow cytometry cell sorting and analyzed by immunological approaches to determine the immune regulatory capacity. We found that the immune suppressive functions of Br cells were impaired in FA patients. The serum VIP levels were associated with the production of immune suppressive function-related mediators (interleukin-10, IL-10) of Br cells in FA patients. VIP counteracted IL-10 mRNA decay in Br cells by up regulating the TSP1 expression. TSP1 inhibited tristetraprolin (TTP) to prevent IL-10 mRNA decay in Br cells. Administration of VIP inhibited FA response through restoration of immune suppressive functions in Br cells. In conclusion, administration of VIP can alleviate FA response through up regulating expression of TSP1 to stabilize IL-10 expression in FA Br cells and recover the immune regulatory functions. The results have translational potential for the treatment of FA and other disorders associated with immune regulatory dysfunction of Br cells.
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Linfocitos B Reguladores/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/inmunología , Interleucina-10/inmunología , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/inmunología , Adulto , Animales , Factores de Transcripción Básicos con Cremalleras de Leucinas y Motivos Hélice-Asa-Hélice/inmunología , Femenino , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/sangre , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/genética , Humanos , Interleucina-10/genética , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/sangre , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Physiological roles of enterohormones such as secretion, absorption and digestion were supported by clinical data. Overexpression of cholecystokinin (CCK), neurotensin (NT) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors occur in gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. The aim of the paper was to compare plasma levels of CCK, peptide YY (PYY), VIP and NT in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies and healthy controls. The study included 80 patients (37 men and 43 women) with GI malignancies (20 with gastric and 60 with colorectal cancers). Median age of the patients was 62.9 years (range: 40-85 years). Control group was comprised of 30 healthy persons with median age 59.8 years (range: 40-82 years). Fasting plasma concentrations of CKK, PYY, NT, and VIP were determined at rest, using ELISA kits for automated systems. Comparative analysis of enterohormone levels in patients with various types of gastrointestinal malignancies demonstrated presence of some cancer-specific alterations. Patients with gastric cancers presented with lower plasma concentrations of CCK than healthy controls and individuals from colorectal cancers (p = 0.02). The highest plasma concentrations of neurotensin was found in colorectal cancer patients in comparison to gastric (p = 0.02). The plasma levels of VIP observed in gastric cancer group were lower than in colorectal cancer patients (p = 0.01). Patients with GI malignancies may present with tumor-specific alterations in plasma enterohormone levels.
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Colecistoquinina/sangre , Neoplasias Colorrectales/sangre , Neurotensina/sangre , Neoplasias Gástricas/sangre , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Péptido YY/sangre , Estómago/patología , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologíaRESUMEN
The recurrent bronchitis (RB) course is caused by the bronchi secretory-evacuation mechanisms state, which provide clearance from pathogens. This mechanism can be disrupted by vegetative reflexes and neuropeptides imbalance that develops in children with the syndrome of the vertebrobasilar arterial system (SVBAS). The objective: study of the neurogenic maintenance of the RB pathogenesis in children with SVBAS by studying the serum content of substances affecting of the bronchial mucosa secretory-evacuation function and inflammatory activity (substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide - VIP and endothelin-1 - ET-1). 90 children aged 7 to 11 years were examined, 3 observation groups were formed: Group 1 - children with RB and SVBAS (n=30); Group 2 - children with SVBAS without RB (n=30); Group 3 - children with RB without SVBAS (n=30). In the Group 1, compared with the 2nd and 3rd, there was an increase in the children number with high serum content of substance P (by 66.7% and 50.0%, respectively, p<0.05) and ET -1 (by 23.3% and 40.0%, respectively, p<0.05), low content of VIP (by 46.7% and 23.4%, respectively, p<0.05). Children with RB and SVBAS have serum level imbalance of the pro-inflammatory substance P, ET-1 and anti-inflammatory VIP as the bronchitis severe course basis.
Asunto(s)
Bronquitis/diagnóstico , Endotelina-1/sangre , Sustancia P/sangre , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/sangre , Insuficiencia Vertebrobasilar/diagnóstico , Bronquitis/sangre , Niño , Humanos , Insuficiencia Vertebrobasilar/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a new type of dietary fiber - high specific volume polysaccharide (HSVP) - on fecal properties, serum vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) concentration, intestinal flora count, and expression of the VIP-cAMP-PKA-AQP3 signaling pathway. MATERIAL AND METHODS Compound diphenoxylate was used in 48 healthy Wistar rats to establish a constipation model. Rats were divided into a normal control group, a constipation model group, an HSVP low-dose group, an HSVP medium-dose group, an HSVP high-dose group, and a fructose control group. We used colony count method, ELISA, WB, and RT-PCR to determine fecal moisture content, fecal hardness, fecal passage time, serum VIP concentration, number of intestinal bacteria, and VIP-cAMP-PKA-AQP3 signal pathway protein expression. RESULTS The constipation model was established successfully. HSVP (the medium dose was 10% and the high dose was 15%) improved fecal moisture content, reduced hardness, shortened fecal emptying time, increased intestinal bacteria, reduced serum VIP concentration, downregulated cAMP and PKAm RNA transcription, reduced protein expression, and reduced intestinal AQP3 expression. CONCLUSIONS HSVP improved constipation, increased the number of intestinal bacteria, and elevated expression of the VIP-cAMP-PKA-AQP3 signaling pathway. The mechanism of HSVP in regulating intestinal water metabolism in constipated rats may occur through the VIP-cAMP-PKA-AQP3 signaling pathway, and be closely related to changes in intestinal bacteria. The important role of the brain-gut-microbiome axis in the pathogenesis of constipation has been confirmed in this study.
Asunto(s)
Estreñimiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibras de la Dieta/uso terapéutico , Intestinos/efectos de los fármacos , Polisacáridos/uso terapéutico , Agua/metabolismo , Animales , Acuaporina 3/genética , Acuaporina 3/metabolismo , Estreñimiento/sangre , Estreñimiento/genética , Estreñimiento/fisiopatología , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas Dependientes de AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Fibras de la Dieta/farmacología , Heces , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Dureza , Humedad , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/farmacología , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Transcripción Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/sangre , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/genéticaRESUMEN
Rationale: Immune dysfunction is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). However, the underlying mechanism requires further investigation. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has immune regulatory functions, but its role in immune regulatory activities in the intestinal mucosa is not fully understood. This study aims to elucidate the role of VIP in the regulation of regulatory B cell (Breg) function in the intestine. Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from UC patients and healthy control (HC) subjects. Bregs were isolated from these samples and their immune regulatory function was analyzed. A murine colitis model was established to test the role of VIP in inhibiting inflammation in the intestine. Results: Serum IL-10 and VIP levels were lower in IgE+ (≥0.35 IU/mL) UC patients than that in HC subjects. The immune suppressive function of Bregs isolated from IgE+ UC patients was impaired. IL-10 mRNA decayed spontaneously in Bregs, which was reversed by VIP added to the culture. Tristetraprolin (TTP) bound IL-10 mRNA to speed its decay, which was blocked by VIP in the culture. Administration of VIP efficiently inhibited experimental colitis. Conclusions: Insufficient VIP levels in the microenvironment speeds IL-10 mRNA decay to cause Breg dysfunction. Administration of VIP can inhibit experimental colitis, suggesting the translational potential of VIP in the treatment of IgE+ UC.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos B Reguladores/inmunología , Homeostasis , Factores Inmunológicos/metabolismo , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/inmunología , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/metabolismo , Animales , Colitis Ulcerosa/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Expresión Génica , Humanos , Interleucina-10/sangre , Ratones , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/sangreRESUMEN
Background: The neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been identified as inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and suppressing inflammation. Objective: This study was conducted to examine serum VIP levels in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) patients and explore the correlation of serum VIP levels with disease severity of PMOP. Methods: A total of 106 postmenopausal women diagnosed as osteoporotic were enrolled in the study and 102 postmenopausal women with normal bone mineral density (BMD) were enrolled as controls. BMD at the femoral neck (FN), lumbar spine 1-4, and total hip were examined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Genant semiquantitative grading was used for vertebral morphometry and fracture. Serum VIP levels were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum inflammatory factor interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), osteoclastic activity marker tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), and estrogen-2 (E2) were also examined. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses was performed to determine the diagnostic values of serum VIP, IL-1ß, TRCAP-5, and E2 with regard to Genant grade. Results: Our findings demonstrated a reduction in the serum level of VIP expressed in PMOP patients compared with controls. In the PMOP group, patients with lumbar fracture had significantly lower serum VIP concentrations in comparison with healthy controls. Serum VIP concentrations were positively associated with BMD at the FN, lumbar spine 1-4, and total hip. We also observed that serum VIP levels were positively correlated with E2 levels but negatively correlated with IL-1ß and TRCAP-5 levels. In addition, ROC analysis found that reduction of serum VIP in combination with elevation of TRACP-5b may serve as an indicator of a severe Genant grade. Conclusions: Attenuated serum VIP levels were linked to disease severity of PMOP and may act as a protective marker for PMOP.
Asunto(s)
Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/sangre , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/sangre , Anciano , Densidad Ósea , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/fisiopatología , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/sangreRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) secreting tumor (VIPoma) constitutes a rare functional neuroendocrine tumor that most often originates from pancreatic islet cells and presents as a sporadic, solitary neoplasm of the pancreas. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature of pancreatic VIPomas and report clinicopathologic data and treatment modalities for this rare entity. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed. The reviewed clinical series and case reports were included if they reported surgical treatment and also analyzed oncological outcomes on individual patients. Data extraction was performed using a standard registry pro-forma. RESULTS: The search resulted in 53 case reports and 2 case series including 65 patients in total. Median age reported was 54 years. The predominant pancreatic location was the pancreatic tail. The most common clinical symptom was watery diarrhea. Serum VIP levels were remarkably elevated in all patients. Distal pancreatectomy with or without splenectomy was the most commonly applied surgical procedure. Overall survival associated with pancreatic VIPoma was 67.7%, recurrence rate 40.4% and relevant median disease-free interval was 16 months. CONCLUSIONS: VIPomas are functional tumors that secrete excessive amounts of VIP. Clinically, production of VIP causes refractory watery diarrhea, hypokalemia and achlorydria. As far as diagnosis is concerned, elevated VIP plasma levels are required. Moreover, the majority of VIPomas are malignant or have already metastasized on diagnosis. Despite recent research on the therapeutic strategies against pancreatic VIPoma, surgical resection appears as the only potentially curative approach.
Asunto(s)
Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirugía , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/biosíntesis , Vipoma/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Islotes Pancreáticos/metabolismo , Islotes Pancreáticos/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/terapia , Pancreatectomía , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/sangre , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/sangre , Vipoma/sangre , Vipoma/patología , Vipoma/terapiaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the role of the intestinal neurotransmitters vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) at different time points in infants with acute intussusception. METHODS: Thirty patients who were diagnosed with acute intussusception were enrolled in the study and classified as the experimental group. Another 30 patients with an indirect inguinal hernia who had no intestinal injury were included as the control group. Serum SP and VIP levels at different time points, including pre- and postoperation, were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Serum SP levels in patients with acute intussusception were significantly higher than those in controls. However, with recovery of acute intussusception, SP levels gradually decreased after treatment. Serum VIP levels in patients with acute intussusception were significantly lower than those in controls. However, with recovery of acute intussusception, VIP levels gradually increased after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: SP and VIP levels may have a potential relationship with the pathogenetic process of intussusception.