RESUMEN
INTRODUÇÃO: Apesar do consenso científico sobre os benefícios que a amamentação proporciona à mãe, à criança, à família e ao próprio meio ambiente, além da recomendação para que sua prática seja realizada de forma exclusiva nos seis primeiros meses de vida, essa conduta está longe de ser alcançada. OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores associados à amamentação exclusiva (AME) por pelo menos seis meses, em contraponto ao desmame total até o segundo mês de vida no estado de Pernambuco. MÉTODO: Estudo caso-controle reunindo 124 casos (AME por pelo menos seis meses) pareados por idade e sexo com 248 controles (desmame total até o segundo mês). Casos e controles foram oriundos da III Pesquisa Estadual de Saúde e Nutrição. Foram selecionadas como variáveis de exposição: idade e escolaridade materna, renda familiar, zona de moradia, consultas pré-natais, tipo de parto e profissional que o assistiu e orientação sobre amamentação no pré-natal. Foi aplicada regressão logística nas variáveis que apresentaram um valor de p < 0,2 nas análises bivariadas, adotando para a inclusão no modelo final o nível de significância p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Dos 8 agrupamentos de variáveis consideradas como possíveis preditoras do AME por pelo menos 6 meses, mantiveram-se como fatores associados a idade materna entre 20 - 35 anos, sendo a odds ratio (OR) 2,5 e o intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) 1,4 - 4,5; e a escolaridade de 5 - 8 anos de estudo (OR 2,1; IC95% 1,2 - 3,6). CONCLUSÃO: O estudo mostra que ainda são necessárias mobilizações dos poderes públicos e estímulo às pesquisas em prol do sucesso do AME e da saúde materno-infantil. .
INTRODUCTION: Despite the scientific consensus on the benefits that breastfeeding provides for the mother, the baby, the family and the environment, and also the recommendation to breastfeed exclusively for six months, this practice is far from being achieved. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for at least six month, as opposed to weaning up to the second month of life in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: A case-control study of 124 cases (EBF for at least six months) matched for age and sex with 248 controls (weaning up to the second month of life). Cases and controls were drawn from the III State Health and Nutrition Survey. The exposure variables selected were maternal age and education, per capita income, housing zone, prenatal consultations, type of delivery, professional who assisted the delivery, and prenatal breastfeeding guidance. Logistic regression was applied to variables that showed a p-value < 0.2 in the bivariate analysis, and the variables with p-value < 0.05 were included in the final model. RESULTS: Of the eight groups of variables considered as possible predictors of EBF for at least six months, two remained as associated factors: maternal age between 20 - 35 years old, with odds ratio (OR) 2.5 and 95% confidence interval 95%CI 1.4 - 4.5; and maternal education of 5 - 8 years of schooling (OR 2.1; 95%CI 1.2 - 3.6). CONCLUSION: The study shows that mobilization of the public sector and stimulus to research is still needed for the success of EBF and for mother and child health. .
Asunto(s)
Animales , Epidermis/metabolismo , beta-Queratinas/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Electroforesis en Gel Bidimensional , Queratinas/metabolismo , Modelos Anatómicos , Modelos Biológicos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Procesamiento Proteico-Postraduccional , Estructura Secundaria de Proteína , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Proteómica/métodos , Reptiles , Homología de Secuencia de AminoácidoRESUMEN
The purpose of this work was to characterize an alkaline protease from the filamentous fungus Myrothecium verrucaria and to explore its capability to degrade native poultry feathers. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity using a single chromatographic step. Recovery was high, 62%, with a specific activity of 12,851.8 U/mg protein. The enzyme is a small monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 22 +/- 1.5 kDa. It presented pH optimum of 8.3 and was stable over a broad pH range (5.0-12.0). The temperature optimum was 37 degrees C, with thermal stability at temperatures up to 45 degrees C. The enzyme presented an efficiency of 80.3% in the degradation of poultry feather meal, releasing amino acids and soluble peptides. It was able to hydrolyze beta-keratin without necessity of chemical or enzymatic reduction of the disulphide bonds. Considering that, everyday, poultry-processing plants produce feathers as a waste products, this protease can be useful in biotechnological processes aiming to improve the transformation of poultry feathers through solubilization of beta-keratin into usable peptides. Furthermore, it can also be useful in processes aiming to reduce the environmental pollution caused by the accumulation of feathers.