ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is useful in the evaluation of systolic and diastolic function. It allows assessment of ventricular dynamics in its longitudinal axis. We sought to investigate the difference in systolic and diastolic longitudinal function in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) with normal and reduced ejection fraction. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred ten outpatients with CHF and 68 controls were included. Ejection fraction (EF) was obtained and longitudinal systolic (S) and diastolic (E' and A') wall velocities were recorded from basal septum. Group A (controls) were normal and CHF patients were classified by EF in Group B1: > 45% and B2: < or = 45%. In A, B1 and B2 the mean S peak was 7.74; 5.45 and 4.89 cm/s (p<0.001); the mean E' peak was 8.56; 5.72 and 6.1 cm/s (p<0.001); and the mean A' peak was 10.2; 7.3 and 5.3 cm/s (p<0.001). Also, isovolumic contraction and relaxation time were different among control and CHF groups, (both p<0.001). The most useful parameters for identifying diastolic CHF were IVRT and S peak, with area under ROC curves of 0.93 and 0.89. The cut-off of 115 ms for IVRT and 5.8 cm/s for S peak showed a sensitivity of 94 and 97%, with a specificity of 82 and 73%, respectively. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that impairment of left ventricular systolic function is present even in those with diastolic heart failure, and that abnormalities may have an important role to identifying the condition.
Subject(s)
Echocardiography, Doppler , Heart Failure/diagnostic imaging , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Stroke Volume , Aged , Diastole , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , ROC Curve , Systole , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathologyABSTRACT
La incidencia de deterioro de la función renal inducida por agentes de contraste (nefropatía por contraste) ha aumentado significativamente en los últimos años a consecuencia del creciente número de procedimientos intervencionistas diagnósticos y terapéuticos realizados en pacientes con patologías cardíacas ó extracardíacas. La nefropatía por contraste, si bien suele ser reversible, dista de ser una complicación benigna, ya que supone una prolongación de la estadía hospitalaria y en algunos casos, en particular en pacientes de alto riesgo, conlleva el riesgo de deterioro irreversible de la función renal. A partir de un conocimiento más acabado de su fisiopatología se han ensayado diversas estrategias para reducir la incidencia de la nefropatía por contraste. De ellas, las más eficaces resultaron ser la hidratación correcta y la utilización de medios de contraste de baja osmolaridad. Resulta entonces sumamente importante alertar, no sólo a cardiólogos intervencionistas, sino también a todos los médicos que deciden derivar a sus pacientes a este tipo de procedimientos con agentes de radiocontraste acerca de la fisiopatología, la presentación clínica y la identificación de grupos de riesgo, a fin de implementar simples medidas preventivas o terapéuticas.