The First Records of the In Silico Antiviral and Antibacterial Actions of Molecules Detected in Extracts of Algerian Fir (Abies numidica De Lannoy) Using LC-MS/MS Analysis.

(1) Background: Due to the wide application in medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry of flavonoid molecules, which are one of the most famous types of secondary plant metabolites, our work has come within the framework of bio-consulting to help in the identification of the molecule(s) responsible for the antibacterial effect which will be the active principle of a natural antibiotic developed from Algerian fir using bioinformatics tools. (2) Methods: The docking method was used to test the antiviral activity on SARS-CoV-2 virus and the antibacterial activity on Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli of 12 polyphenolic molecules present in the ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of Numidian fir leaves, and identify the molecules responsible for these specific biological activities. (3) Results: The findings revealed that it is possible that two molecules, hyperoside and quercitrin, have a high capacity to inhibit SARS-CoV-2, and it is important to mention that they are the most quantitatively abundant molecules in the extract. The molecule luteolin-7-glucoside is probably responsible for the antibacterial activity in the extract against Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and the molecule hesperidin is responsible for the antibacterial activity in the extract against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus.

Enhancement of yogurt functionality by adding Mentha piprita phenolic extract and evaluation of its quality during cold storage.

New functional food products with health benefits are currently in high demand among health-conscious consumers. The present research aims to improve the functional properties of yogurt by adding peppermint hydroethanolic extract (PHE) at different doses. The impact of PHE (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) on yogurt was studied for acidity, pH, organoleptic quality, antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation, and fatty acid profile. The results revealed that PHE is rich in phenolic compounds, of which rosmarinic acid was the main one (339.88 mg/g lyophilized extract) and has considerable antioxidant potential, which remarkably (p < .01) increased antioxidant capacity in yogurt by over 39.51%, even at a low dose of 2%, giving the product better protection against lipid peroxidation and preserving its physicochemical and sensory quality. At 4%, PHE increased significantly (p < .01) the content of omega-3 fatty acids, notably alpha-linolenic acid, in fortified yogurt compared with the control, and reduced (p < .01) the ratio of omega-6/omega-3, which dropped from 5.21 to 4.11. It looks feasible to prepare a yogurt with health-giving properties by adding Mentha piperita hydroethanolic extract at a concentration of up to 4% as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants, which would also extend its shelf life.

LC/MS-MS Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Hyoscyamus albus L. Extract: In Vitro Antidiabetic Activity, In Silico Molecular Docking, and In Vivo Investigation against STZ-Induced Diabetic Mice.

This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and antidiabetic properties of cultivated Hyoscyamus albus L. The ethanol extract was analyzed using LC-MS/MS, and 18 distinct phenolic compounds were identified. Among these, p-coumaric acid (6656.8 ± 3.4 µg/g), gallic acid (6516 ± 1.7 µg/g), luteolin (6251.9 ± 1.3 µg/g), apigenin (6209.9 ± 1.1 µg/g), and rutin (5213.9 ± 1.3 µg/g) were identified as the most abundant polyphenolic molecules. In the in vitro antidiabetic experiment, the ability of the plant extract to inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities was examined. The results indicated that the extract from H. albus L. exhibited a higher inhibitory effect on α-amylase compared to α-glucosidase, with an IC50 of 146.63 ± 1.1 µg/mL and 270.43 ± 1.1 µg/mL, respectively. Docking simulations revealed that luteolin, fisetin, and rutin exhibited the most promising inhibitory activity against both enzymes, as indicated by their high contrasting inhibition scores. To further investigate the in vivo antidiabetic effects of H. albus L., an experiment was conducted using STZ-induced diabetic mice. The results demonstrated that the plant extract effectively reduced the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. These findings suggest that H. albus L. may have therapeutic potential for managing hyperlipidemia, a common complication associated with diabetes. This highlights its potential as a natural remedy for diabetes and related conditions.

Effects of Nigella sativa Oil Fractions on Reactive Oxygen Species and Chemokine Expression in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells.

BACKGROUND: many previous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of N. sativa total oil fractions, neutral lipids (NLs), glycolipids (GLs), phospholipids (PLs), and unsaponifiable (IS) in asthma patients. We therefore tested its effect on airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells by observing its ability to regulate the production of glucocorticoid (GC)-insensitive chemokines in cells treated with TNF-α/IFN-γ, and its antioxidative and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the cytotoxicity of N. sativa oil fractions was assessed using an MTT assay. ASM cells were treated with TNF-α/IFN-γ for 24 h in the presence of different concentrations of N. sativa oil fractions. An ELISA assay was used to determine the effect of N. sativa oil fractions on chemokine production (CCL5, CXCL-10, and CXCL-8). The scavenging effect of N. sativa oil fractions was evaluated on three reactive oxygen species (ROS), O2•-, OH•, and H2O2. RESULTS: our results show that different N. sativa oil fractions used at 25 and 50 µg/mL did not affect cell viability. All fractions of N. sativa oil inhibited chemokines in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, the total oil fraction showed the most significant effect of chemokine inhibition, and had the highest percentage of ROS scavenging effect. CONCLUSION: these results suggest that N. sativa oil modulates the proinflammatory actions of human ASM cells by inhibiting the production of GC-insensitive chemokines.

Review on Propolis Applications in Food Preservation and Active Packaging.

Propolis is a natural hive product collected by honeybees from different plants and trees. The collected resins are then mixed with bee wax and secretions. Propolis has a long history of use in traditional and alternative medicine. Propolis possesses recognized antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Both properties are characteristics of food preservatives. Moreover, most propolis components, in particular flavonoids and phenolic acids, are natural constituents of food. Several studies suggest that propolis could find use as a natural food preservative. This review is focused on the potential application of propolis in the antimicrobial and antioxidant preservation of food and its possible application as new, safe, natural, and multifunctional material in food packaging. In addition, the possible influence of propolis and its used extracts on the sensory properties of food is also discussed.

Evaluation of In Vitro and In Silico Anti-Alzheimer Potential of Nonpolar Extracts and Essential Oil from Mentha piperita.

The anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities with chemical composition and molecular docking of essential oil and nonpolar extracts of Mentha piperita were evaluated using enzymatic and chemical methods. Molecular docking tools were used to explain the interaction of the major chemical constituents with the enzymes. GC/MS analyses revealed that the main compounds in M. piperita essential oil were l-menthone (43.601%) followed by pulegone (21.610%), linolenic acid (25.628%), and l-menthone (10.957%), representing the major compounds of the petroleum ether extract. Imidazoquinoline (7.767%) and 17-N-acetyl-oroidine (5.363%) were the major constituents of the chloroform extract. Linolenic acid (19.397%) and l-menthone (6.336%) were the most abundant compounds in the hexane extract. The M. piperita essential oil and nonpolar extracts showed moderate antioxidant activity. The essential oil showed the most promising anticholinesterase activity with IC50 = 10.66 ± 0.12 µg/mL and IC50 = 16.33 ± 0.03 µg/mL against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), respectively, close to galantamine in AChE and more active in BChE, followed by the interesting activity in the petroleum ether extract with IC50 = 23.42 ± 3.06 µg/mL in AChE and IC50 = 62.00 ± 3.22 µg/mL in BChE. The docking experiments showed that among the seven major identified compounds, N-acetyl-17-oroidine showed the highest binding score (63.01 in AChE and 63.68 in BChE). This compound was found to bind the catalytic and peripheral sites, resulting in more potent inhibitory activity than galantamine, which only binds to the catalytic site. These findings suggested the possible use of M. piperita essential oil and nonpolar extracts as a potential source of alternative natural anti-Alzheimer compounds.

LC-ESI/MS-phytochemical profiling with antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of Algerian Senecio angulatus L.f. extracts.

Senecio angulatus L.f. is a flowering plant from the Asteraceae family that is native to South Africa and which was observed recently in the north and the east of Algeria. This study was aimed for the first time, to evaluate concomitantly phytochemical profiles, using LC-ESI/MS analysis, following by testing and assessing in vitro antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of these specific species. The results indicated that the hydromethanolic and the acetate extracts have shown remarkable potent inhibitory effects on AChE with IC50 of (6.04 ± 0.05; 6.72 ± 0.10 µg/mL) respectively along with antioxidant potential of acetate for FRAP and phenanthroline methods with A0.5 of (11.15 ± 0.72; 5.72 ± 0.13 µg/mL) successively. Moreover, a high amount of cynarin and trans-ferulic acid was found in this extract whilst butanolic extract has recorded the highest amount of chlorogenic acid. Indeed phenolic compounds usually have a hydroxyl in their structure which may contribute significantly to the antioxidant activity.

Process Optimization of Phytoantioxidant and Photoprotective Compounds from Carob Pods (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Using Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction Method.

The current study first describes the extraction of phytoantioxidant polyphenols from Carob byproducts (pods) using maceration and heating-assisted extraction as traditional methods and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) as an innovative method to determine the most efficient extraction process in terms of four targeted responses: total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activities (TAC and DPPH), and photoprotective properties as measured by the sun protection factor (SPF). Second, we used response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite rotatable design (CCDR) approach to investigate the influence of process variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and solvent concentration) on UAE, which was found to be the most effective extraction technique in our study. Carob byproduct extracts had a TPC ranging from 6.21 to 21.92 mg GAE/g dw, a TAC ranging from 22.00 to 49.30 mg AAE/g dw, DPPH scavenging activity ranging from 56.35 to 90.50%, and SPF values ranging from 8.62 to 22.37. The optimal UAE conditions for maximum TPC, TAC, DPPH, and SPF responses were determined to be 38.90% ethanol, 53.90 °C, and 50.92 min. Using Carob as a source for sustainable and bioactive products in conjunction with optimized UAE is a promising contribution to the cosmetic industry that will help to strengthen the concept of environmentally-friendly "green chemistry". Given that Carob pulp or seeds are considered food byproducts, the research presented here encourages the use of these agri-food waste materials in cosmetics.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, LC-MS/MS Analysis, Anticholinesterase, and Antioxidant Activities of Valuable Natural Metabolites from Astragalus armatus Willd.: In Silico Molecular Docking and In Vitro Enzymatic Studies.

The Astragalus armatus Willd. plant's phenolic constituent extraction and identification were optimized using the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method and the LC-MS/MS analysis, respectively. Additionally, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), beta carotene, reducing power, DMSO alcalin, silver nanoparticle (SNP)-based method, phenanthroline, and hydroxyl radical tests were utilized to assess the extract's antioxidant capacity, while the neuroprotective effect was examined in vitro against acetylcholinesterase enzyme. This study accurately estimated the chemical bonding between the identified phenolic molecules derived from LC-MS/MS and the AChE. The extract was found to contain sixteen phenolic substances, and rosmarinic, protocatechuic, and chlorogenic acids, as well as 4-hydroxybenzoic, hyperoside, and hesperidin, were the most abundant substances in the extract. In all antioxidant experiments, the plant extract demonstrated strong antioxidant activity and a significant inhibitory impact against AChE (40.25 ± 1.41 µg/mL). According to molecular docking affinity to the enzyme AChE, the top-five molecules were found to be luteolin, quercetin, naringenin, rosmarinic acid, and kaempferol. Furthermore, these tested polyphenols satisfy the essential requirements for drug-like characteristics and Lipinski's rule of five. These results highlight the significance of the A. armatus plant in cosmetics, as food additives, and in the pharmaceutical industry due to its rosmarinic and chlorogenic acid content.

Potential Use of Propolis in Phytocosmetic as Phytotherapeutic Constituent.

Phytocosmetic is an important aspect of traditional medicine in several cultures. Researchers are now focusing to find new and effective ingredients of natural origin. Propolis is a natural beehive product extensively used in traditional medicine. We aimed in the present study to investigate the potential use of propolis as an aesthetic and phytotherapeutic constituent in phytocosmetics. Propolis was extracted using 80% ethanol. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined calorimetrically. Free radical scavenging ability and reducing capacity were evaluated using four assays and expressed as IC50 values. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on 11 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The wound healing activity of 30% ethanolic extract and propolis ointment was studied using excision wounds in the anterio-dorsal side of the rats. The phenolic acid composition of the tested propolis was investigated using UFLC/MS-MS analysis. The tested propolis was rich in phenolic and flavonoid content and demonstrated an interesting antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Wounds treated with propolis appear to display a lesser degree of inflammation. Chemical analysis led to the identification of 11 phenolics. Among them, five are considered as main compounds: Chlorogenic acid (48.79 ± 5.01 ng/mL), Gallic acid (44.25 ± 6.40 ng/mL), Rutin (21.12 ± 3.57 ng/mL), Caffeic acid (28.19 ± 4.95 ng/mL), and trans-cinnamic acid (20.10 ± 6.51 ng/mL). Our results indicated that propolis can not only be used as a cosmetic ingredient but also be used as a preventative and curative constituent, which might be used as a barrier when applied externally on infected and non-infected skin.

Tyrosinase Inhibitory Ability and In Vitro, In Vivo Acute Oral and In Silico Toxicity Evaluation of Extracts Obtained from Algerian Fir (Abiesnumidica de Lannoy ex CARRIERE) Needles.

This study was designed to evaluate the tyrosinase inhibitory effect, in vitro, in vivo, and in silico toxicity of fractions isolated from A. numidica de Lannoy needles. The cytotoxicity of extracts was examined against Artemia salina larvae, while the toxicity of these extracts was tested by acute oral toxicity in mice; by administration of a dose of 2000 mg/kg b.w A. numidica leaves extracts. The blood samples were collected from the eye orbital sinus for further analysis of biochemical parameters. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity (ADMET) properties were identified by the pkCSM web server. The data stated that ethyl acetate (EA) presented strong anti-tyrosinase apt. The results reported that ethyl acetate extract exhibited a strong inhibitory capacity against A. salina larvae with LD50 of 75.004 µg/mL. The data also showed that no mortality occurred, and no toxicity symptoms were observed in mice. The biochemical parameters revealed that both extracts significantly affected the hepatic profile by increasing ALT, AST, and alkaline phosphatase. Histopathological tests also confirmed that both fractions were toxic at this concentration on hepatic and renal tissues, with necrosis observed. The toxicity of molecules in silico revealed no effect on all examined biomolecules.It can be concluded that this plant was toxic on the liver and renal profiles and tissues at the dose studied.

RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS Qualitative Profiling, Antioxidant, Anti-Enzymatic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Non-Cytotoxic Properties of Ephedra alata Monjauzeana.

An investigation was conducted to study the beneficial effects of Ephedra alata monjauzeana crude extract (EamCE). The chemical profile was determined using RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis, revealing the presence of twenty-one flavonoids and phenolic acids. A series of antioxidant assays was carried out using ten different methods. The EamCE has demonstrated a significant antioxidant potential, with interesting IC50 values not exceeding 40 µg/mL in almost activities. Likewise, a significant inhibition of key enzymes, involved in some health issues, such as Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, hyperpigmentation, dermatological disorders, gastric/urinary bacterial infections, and obesity, was observed for the first time. The IC50 values ranged from 22.46 to 54.93. The anti-inflammatory and non-cytotoxic activities were assessed by heat-induced hemolysis and cell culture methods, respectively; the EamCE has shown a prominent effect in both tests, notably for the anti-inflammatory effect that was superior to the reference compound "diclofenac" (IC50: 71.03 ± 1.38 > 70.23 ± 0.99 (µg/mL)). According to these results, this plant could be used in a large spectrum as a food supplement, as a natural remedy for various physiological disorders and pathologies; and it might serve as a preventive and health care agent.

HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS profiles of bioactive compounds, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of Ephedra alata subsp. alenda growing in Algeria.

Ephedra (Ephedraceae) is used in medicine for various purposes as having, antioxidant, anticarcinogen, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory hepatoprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral and diuretic activities. In this study the aim was to investigate chemical constituents of Ephedra alata and understand the possible effects of those constituents in antioxidant activity and alzheimer's disease essay. For this purpose, natural compounds from E.alata were characterized by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS using negative and positive ionization modes, while the bioactivity was assessed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition study and determining of antioxidant activity; DPPH radical scavenging and ß-carotene bleaching assays were used to assess the antioxidant potential. The proposed method of spectrometry provided tentative identification of 27 compounds including alkaloids and phenolic compounds as flavonoids. The methanolic extract showed high contents of total phenolic and exhibited an important antioxidant potential and demonstrated a potent inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase (IC50: 11,25 ± 0,25 µg/mL). The results showed that the plant possesses a therapeutic effect.

Chemical Composition, Anti-Quorum Sensing, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Antioxidant Properties of Phenolic Extracts of Clinopodium nepeta L. Kuntze.

Phenolic extracts of Clinopodium nepeta were prepared and their preliminary phenolic profiles determined using HPLC-DAD with 26 phenolic standards. Apigenin (21.75 ± 0.41 µg/g), myricetin (72.58 ± 0.57 µg/g), and rosmarinic acid (88.51 ± 0.55 µg/g) were the most abundant compounds in DCM (dichloromethane), AcOEt (ethyl acetate), and BuOH (butanol) extracts, respectively. The DCM and AcOEt extracts inhibited quorum-sensing mediated violacein production by C. violaceum CV12472. Anti-quorum-sensing zones on C. violaceum CV026 at MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) were 10.3 ± 0.8 mm for DCM extract and 12.0 ± 0.5 mm for AcOEt extract. Extracts showed concentration-dependent inhibition of swarming motility on flagellated P. aeruginosa PA01 and at the highest test concentration of 100 µg/mL, AcOEt (35.42 ± 1.00%) extract displayed the best activity. FRAP assay indicated that the BuOH extract (A0.50 = 17.42 ± 0.25 µg/mL) was more active than standard α-tocopherol (A0.50 = 34.93 ± 2.38 µg/mL). BuOH extract was more active than other extracts except in the ABTS●+, where the DCM extract was most active. This antioxidant activity could be attributed to the phenolic compounds detected. C. nepeta extracts showed moderate inhibition on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, and α-amylase. The results indicate that C. nepeta is a potent source of natural antioxidants that could be used in managing microbial resistance and Alzheimer's disease.

Chemical Composition, Acetylcholine Esterase and Anti-bacterial Activities of Essential Oils of Elaeosilenum thapsioides (Desf.) Maire from Algeria.

BACKGROUND: Traditionally, the Algerian medicinal plant Elaeosilenum thapsioides (Desf.) Maire has been used for many diseases. The present research work aims to explore the chemical and biological characterization of its essential oil. METHODS: The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of different Elaeosilenum thapsioides (Apiaceae) aerial parts samples collected from two different regions (Mahouane and Megres) from Setif, Eastern Algeria. The chemical characterization of the obtained essential oils is reported here for the first time. Besides, they were evaluated for their in vitro Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity involved in Alzheimer's disease using Ellman's spectrophotometric method. RESULTS: Additionally, their in vitro antimicrobial activity was assessed by the disc diffusion method. Both activities were performed at various oil concentrations. The GC/MS analysis of the essential oils from aerial parts (leaves, stems, flowers, and seeds) of E. thapsioides identified 47 constituents. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the main components, ranging from 72.78 to 99.13%. Oxygenated monoterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes ranged between 1.37 and 17.25% and 0.12 and 3.53% in essential oils from leaves and stems. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were present in small to large quantities in the essential oils of both populations, ranging from 0.69 to 13.44%. The presence of m-Methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate was recorded in stems essential oils from Mahouane and leaves essential oils from Merges, which was 9.73% and 3.72%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The stems essential oils obtained from plants collected in Mahouane showed the highest AChE inhibitory activity. The highest anti-bacterial activity was shown by the essential oil obtained from Megres leaves against Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778. The oils exhibited a moderate inhibitory activity in both tests.

Investigation of Photoprotective, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant Capacities and LC-ESI-MS Phenolic Profile of Astragalus gombiformis Pomel.

Plant-derived compounds have recently been gaining popularity as skincare factors due to their ability to absorb ultraviolet radiations and their anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In this light, this work aimed to evaluate in vitro the pharmacological activities of the butanolic extract prepared from the aerial parts of Astragalus gombiformis Pomel, an endemic species to southern Algeria. The sun protection factor was used to assess the photoprotective effect (SPF), the protein denaturation method to determine the anti-inflammatory activity, and brine shrimp nauplii and OxHLIA assay, respectively, to assess the cytotoxicity and antioxidant capacity of A. gombiformis. In addition, LC-ESI-MS analysis was employed for the characterization of the phenolic constituents of A. gombiformis. The results showed that A. gombiformis had high capacity for absorbing UV radiations with an SPF of 37.78 ± 0.85 and significant anti-inflammatory activity with a percentage inhibition of 75.38% which is close to that of diclofenac and ketoprofen. In addition, A. gombiformis was found to have effective cytotoxicity against Artemia nauplii with a DC50 value of about 44.7 µg/mL, but a weak hemolytic effect against human erythrocytes. LC-ESI-MS results detected the presence of 17 phenolic compounds with a predominance of cirsiliol, silymarin, quercitrin (quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside), and kaempferol. Taken together, these results suggest that A. gombiformis extract could be used as a skincare agent in cosmetic formulations, providing excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protection, allowing the treatment of skin conditions, as well as a pharmaceutical agent with multidimensional applications.

The Cosmetic Potential of The Medicinal Halophyte Tamarix Gallica L. (Tamaricaceae) Growing in The Eastern Part of Algeria: Photoprotective and Antioxidant Activities.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: Currently, the use of ingredients from natural sources has gained great attention in the cosmetic field, especially for the development of new photoprotective formulations. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the cosmetic potential of the crude methanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction of the medicinal halophyte Tamarix gallica L. (Tg) growing in the area of Tebessa in the eastern part of Algeria, by assessing their phenolic and flavonoid contents, photoprotective and antioxidant activities. METHODS: The research approach consisted of determining phenolic and flavonoid contents of aerial parts via Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. The antioxidant activity was measured through two in vitro methods, DPPH radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity test (TAC). The in vitro photoprotective effect was evaluated according to the parameter SPF (Sun Protection Factor) by using the UV spectroscopic method in the UV-B region (290-320 nm). RESULTS: The methanol extract (Tg-MeOH) and ethyl acetate (Tg-EtOAc) fraction showed good antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 14.05±0.66, 27.58±1.98 µg/mL respectively in the DPPH test. Furthermore, both extracts displayed strong total antioxidant capacity (287.01±7.85, 246.7±1.12 mg AAE/g, respectively) in the TAC test. Both extracts exhibited high photoprotective activity, with sun protection factor (SPF) values 37.03±0.22 and 36.08±0.03. The antioxidant and photoprotective activities of these extracts were probably related to polyphenols content (190.27±0.74 mg AGE /g and 121.77±1.29 mg AGE /g, respectively) and flavonoids (78.75±0.06 mg QE /g and 58.67±1.19mg/g). CONCLUSION: Our findings show that extracts of Tamarix gallica L. could be a promising source to be mixed as a natural sunscreen and antioxidant agents into photoprotective cosmetic formulations.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Genotoxique and Antigenotoxic Potentials of Phlomis Bovei De Noé Aerial Parts.

In the present work, chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Phlomis bovei de Noé an endemic species from Algeria, led to the isolation and identification of seven known compounds including five flavones glycosides: Chrysoeriol 7-O-(3''-(E et Z)-p-coumaroyl)-ß-glucoside (1), terniflorin (apigenin-7-O-(6''-E-p-coumaroyl)glucoside) (3), apigenin-7-O-(6''-(5'''-methoxy-coumaryl) glucoside (4), apigenin 7-O-(3″-p-coumaryl)glucoside (5), hispidulin-7-O-glucuronide (6) and two cinnamic acid derivatives: p-coumaric acid methyl ester (E et Z) (2), chlorogenic acid (7). Compound 4 is described for the first time in the species bovei de Noé, the genus Phlomis and the Lamiaceae family. Structures elucidation was performed by comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR analyses, mass spectrometry and by comparison with literature data. Some pure compounds and extracts have been evaluated for their antioxidant activities through different methods: DPPH and ABTS assays as well as CUPRAC assay. Genotoxic and antigenotoxic activities of pure compounds were also evaluated in-vitro on Escherichia coli PQ37 cells by the SOS Chromotest.