ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is a continuously-emerging worldwide health crisis, with mortality rates approaching 50% in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate regional, patient-related, and organism-related predictors of survival among critically-ill patients with confirmed Acinetobacter infection. METHODS: This prospective cohort study was conducted within ten ICUs across six geographically- and climatologically-distinct cities across Saudi Arabia over 13 months. RESULTS: Of 169 patients with confirmed Acinetobacter infection enrolled in the study, 80 (47.6%) died. Survivors were statistically younger, predominantly male, more likely to be admitted for trauma, less likely to have hypertension, diabetes, or have undergone hemodialysis, and more likely to have been treated with antibiotics prior to having a positive culture for Acinetobacter, but less likely to have received an aminoglycoside. Survivors also had lower baseline APACHE II and SOFA scores and were infected with stains of Acinetobacter that had less meropenem- or colistin-resistance. Multivariate analysis identified the following independent predictors of survival: younger age, lower ICU-day#1 APACHE-II and ICU-day#3 SOFA scores, being admitted for trauma, and having no history of hemodialysis. CONCLUSIONS: Patient-related factors outweigh regional and hospital-related factors as predictors of survival among critically-ill patients with Acinetobacter infection.
Subject(s)
Acinetobacter Infections , Acinetobacter baumannii , Humans , Male , Female , Cohort Studies , Saudi Arabia/epidemiology , Acinetobacter Infections/drug therapy , Acinetobacter Infections/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Critical Illness , Cities , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Intensive Care Units , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
In toxicology literature, snake bites were the second toxicology-relevant cause mimicking brain death. A 57-year-old woman with history of cobra snake bite. On examination, the brain stem reflexes were absent with Glasgow coma score of 3. The patient accomplished full neurological recovery after using a novel combination of Polyvalent Snake Antivenom (PSA) and anticholinesterases. This case highlights a unique presentation of cobra bite induced brain death mimicking. Thus, intensivist should exclude neuroparalytic effect of snakebite before considering withdrawal of ventilatory support or organ donation. Also, the life-threatening presentation of cobra envenomation mandates the use of higher doses of PSA to reverse the neuroparalytic toxicity. We should consider the rule of anticholinesterase as an adjunctive therapy to PSA in severe cobra envenomation.
