Renal biomarkers, clinical parameters, and renal Doppler velocimetry in bitches with cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex.

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)-pyometra complex is the most common uterine infection in adult and elderly bitches and can cause renal dysfunction. The aim of this study was to measure and compare urinary creatinine, urea, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), urinary protein-creatinine ratio (UPC), measurement of systolic blood pressure (SBP), and Doppler velocimetry of renal arteries in patients with CEH-pyometra complex before and after an average of 6 months of treatment, evaluating the possibility of the changes persisting. The evaluation was conducted at two moments: M1 (at the diagnosis of CEH-pyometra, n = 36) and M2 (after an average of six months of treatment, n = 16). For the control group, eight bitches with no changes in blood tests or history of conditions underwent Doppler ultrasound evaluation of the renal arteries. At both M1 and M2, we measured creatinine, urea, and serum SDMA, UPC, SBP, and Doppler ultrasound of the renal arteries. Patients were evaluated according to the following groups: azotemic (AZO) and non-azotemic (NAZO), and open and closed cervix pyometra. The parameters were compared between animals present in both moments presented as M1R (bitches that were in M1 and M2) and M2. Statistical significance was considered when p < .05. The medians found for creatinine in M1 were as follows: 1.15 mg/dL, being 1.8 mg/dL for AZO (12/36) and 0.95 mg/dL for NAZO (24/36); and in M2: 0.85 mg/dL (16/16), being 1.15 mg/dL for AZO (4/16) and 0.8 mg/dL for NAZO (12/36). For urea, in M1 it was 36 mg/dL (32/36), with AZO being 103 mg/dL (11/32) and 33 mg/dL in NAZO (21/32); and in M2 32 mg/dL (16/ 16), being 29 mg/dL for AZO (4/36), and 31 mg/dL for NAZO (3/15). The median SDMA measured in M1R was 17 µg/dL (15/16), with AZO being 31 µg/dL (3/15), and NAZO being 16.5 µg/dL (12/15); and in M2, SDMA was 12 µg/dL (16/16), with AZO being 12.5 µg/dL (4/16), and NAZO being 12 µg/dL (12/16). The median UPC measured in M1 was 1.15 (10/36), with AZO being 0.25 (1/10), and NAZO being 1.38 (9/10); and in M2, it was 0.2 (13/16), being 0.1 in AZO (4/13), and 0.2 (9/16) in NAZO. For SBP, in M1, it was 118 mmHg (30/36), with AZO being 102 mmHg (10/30) and 133 mmHg in NAZO (20/30); and in M2 142.5 mmHg (12/16), being 155 mmHg for AZO (4/12), and 140 mg/dL for NAZO (8/12). When comparing animals with open and closed cervixes, a difference was found between SDMA measurements (p = .001). There was a distinction between PI and RI of the left and right kidneys consecutively (p = .007; p = .033; p = .019; p = .041). Correlations found in M1: SDMA × PI RIM DIR (r = 0.873; p = .002), SDMA × PSV RIM ESQ (r = 0.840; p = .004), SDMA × EDV RIM ESQ (r = 0.675; p = .046). With this study, we conclude a return to normality of renal biomarkers and clinical parameters after six months. Yet, there is a persistence of Doppler velocimetric measurements between the two moments. Thus, this parameter is not suitable for identifying and classifying chronic kidney injury in bitches with pyometra.

Análise de infrações éticas atrelada à publicidade e propaganda em perfis de cirurgiões-dentistas e clínicas odontológicas do estado da Paraíba em uma rede social / Analysis of ethical infractions linked to advertising and advertising in profiles of dentists and dental clinics in the state of Paraíba in a social network

Introdução: Atualmente no Brasil têm-se evidenciado um número elevado de profissionais da Odontologia que utilizam diversas estratégias de marketing para garantir e atrair clientela, como as publicações nas redes sociais, que tem ocasionado um aumento significativo de infrações éticas cometidas por cirurgiões-dentistas. Objetivo: Analisar infrações éticas atreladas à publicidade e propaganda em perfis de cirurgiões-dentistas e clínicas odontológicas do estado da Paraíba na rede social Instagram®. Metodologia: O estudo observacional, transversal, descritivo foi realizado a partir da análise de 572 perfis. Foram avaliadas postagens públicas à luz do Código de Ética Odontológico (CEO) e da Resolução CFO nº 196/2019. Buscaram-se perfis abertos por meio dos termos chaves: "clínica odontológica", "dental", "dentista", "Odontologia" combinados com: "Paraíba", "PB". Resultados: A partir da análise dos itens de investigação verificou-se algum tipo de violação ética ao CEO e/ou Resolução na maioria dos perfis. Os itens com maiores índices de infração estiveram relacionados a postagens com a exibição do termo "diagnóstico x conclusão" sem menção do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido e de vídeos e/ou imagens com conteúdo relativo ao transcurso do procedimento. Conclusão: É evidente que a maioria dos perfis analisados no presente estudo infringiu de alguma forma a ética quanto à publicidade e propaganda. Nessa perspectiva, é necessário que haja uma maior orientação e fiscalização por parte do conselho, bem como que os profissionais estejam atentos e façam cumprir os preceitos éticos estabelecidos pelo CEO, zelando assim, pelo bom prestígio da profissão

Introduction: Currently in Brazil, it has been evidenced a high number of dental professionals who use various marketing strategies to ensure and attract customers, such as publications on social networks, which has caused a significant increase in ethical violations committed by dentists. Objective: To analyze ethical violations linked to advertising and propaganda in profiles of dentists and dental clinics in the state of Paraíba in the social network Instagram®. Methodology: The observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from the analysis of 572 profiles. Public posts were evaluated in the light of the Code of Dental Ethics (CEO) and CFO Resolution No. 196/2019. Open profiles were searched using the key terms: "dental clinic", "dental", "dentist", "Dentistry" combined with: "Paraíba", "PB". Results: From the analysis of the research items there was some type of ethical violation of the CEO and/or Resolution in most of the profiles. The items with the highest rates of violation were related to posts with the display of the term "diagnosis x conclusion" without mention of the Informed Consent Form and videos and/or images with content related to the course of the procedure. Conclusion: It is clear that most of the profiles analyzed in this study have somehow infringed ethics regarding advertising and propaganda. In this perspective, it is necessary that there is greater guidance and supervision by the council and those professionals are aware and enforce the ethical precepts established by the CEO, thus ensuring the good prestige of the profession.

Uso de Índices Aterogênicos como Métodos de Avaliação das Doenças Ateroscleróticas Clínicas / Use of Atherogenic Indices as Assessment Methods of Clinical Atherosclerotic Diseases

Resumo Fundamento A busca por métodos clinicamente úteis de avaliação de doenças ateroscleróticas, com boa acurácia, de baixo custo, sem invasividade e de fácil manejo, há anos vem sendo estimulada. Dessa forma, os índices aterogênicos avaliados deste estudo podem se encaixar nesta demanda crescente. Objetivos Avaliar o potencial dos índices aterogênicos como métodos de avaliação de pacientes portadores de aterosclerose clínica. Métodos Estudo transversal de centro único, por meio do qual foram avaliados os índices de Castelli I e II, índice aterogênico plasmático (IAP), índice de combinação de lipoproteínas e a variação do índice de perfusão periférica entre 90 e 120 segundos após um estímulo vasodilatador endotélio-dependente (ΔIPP90-120) na predição de aterosclerose. A significância estatística foi estabelecida em p < 0,05. Resultados A amostra foi composta por 298 indivíduos com idade média de 63,0 ± 16,1 anos, dos quais 57,4% eram mulheres. Comparações pareadas da análise curva ROC dos índices que alcançaram área sob a curva (ASC) > 0,6 mostram que ΔIPP90-120 e IAP foram superiores aos demais índices, sem diferenças observadas entre si (diferença entre ASC = 0,056; IC95% -0,003-0,115). Ademais, tanto a ΔIPP90-120 [odds ratio (OR) 9,58; IC95% 4,71-19,46] quanto o IAP (OR 5,35; IC95% 2,30-12,45) foram preditores independentes de aterosclerose clínica. Conclusões O IAP e ΔIPP90-120 apresentaram melhor acurácia para discriminar aterosclerose clínica. Além disso, foram preditores independentes de aterosclerose clínica, evidenciando uma possibilidade promissora para o desenvolvimento de estratégias preventivas e de controle para doenças cardiovasculares. Tratam-se, portanto, de marcadores adequados para estudos multicêntricos do ponto de vista de praticidade, custo e validade externa.

Abstract Background The search for clinically useful methods to assess atherosclerotic diseases (ASCVD) with good accuracy, low cost, non-invasiveness, and easy handling has been stimulated for years. Thus, the atherogenic indices evaluated in this study may fit this growing demand. Objectives To assess the potential of atherogenic indices to evaluate patients with clinical atherosclerosis. Methods Single-center cross-sectional study, through which the Castelli I and II indices, the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), the lipoprotein combine index, and the variation in the peripheral perfusion index between 90 and 120 seconds after an endothelium-dependent (ΔPI90-120) vasodilator stimulus were evaluated in the prediction of atherosclerosis. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results The sample consisted of 298 individuals with an average age of 63.0±16.1 years, of which 57.4% were women. Paired comparisons of the ROC curve analysis of the indices that reached the area under the curve (AUC) > 0.6 show that ΔPI90-120 and AIP were superior to other indices, and no differences were observed between them (difference between AUC = 0.056; 95%CI -0.003-0.115). Furthermore, both the ΔPI90-120 [odds ratio (OR) 9.58; 95%CI 4.71-19.46)] and AIP (OR 5.35; 95%CI 2.30-12.45) were independent predictors of clinical atherosclerosis. Conclusions The AIP and ΔPI90-120 represented better accuracy in discriminating clinical ASCVD. Moreover, they were independent predictors of clinical ASCVD, evidencing a promising possibility for developing preventive and control strategies for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, they are markers for multicenter studies from the point of view of practicality, low cost, and external validity.

Use of Atherogenic Indices as Assessment Methods of Clinical Atherosclerotic Diseases. / Uso de Índices Aterogênicos como Métodos de Avaliação das Doenças Ateroscleróticas Clínicas.

BACKGROUND: Central illustration : Use of Atherogenic Indices as Assessment Methods of Clinical Atherosclerotic Diseases. BACKGROUND: The search for clinically useful methods to assess atherosclerotic diseases (ASCVD) with good accuracy, low cost, non-invasiveness, and easy handling has been stimulated for years. Thus, the atherogenic indices evaluated in this study may fit this growing demand. OBJECTIVES: To assess the potential of atherogenic indices to evaluate patients with clinical atherosclerosis. METHODS: Single-center cross-sectional study, through which the Castelli I and II indices, the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), the lipoprotein combine index, and the variation in the peripheral perfusion index between 90 and 120 seconds after an endothelium-dependent (ΔPI90-120) vasodilator stimulus were evaluated in the prediction of atherosclerosis. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 298 individuals with an average age of 63.0±16.1 years, of which 57.4% were women. Paired comparisons of the ROC curve analysis of the indices that reached the area under the curve (AUC) > 0.6 show that ΔPI90-120 and AIP were superior to other indices, and no differences were observed between them (difference between AUC = 0.056; 95%CI -0.003-0.115). Furthermore, both the ΔPI90-120 [odds ratio (OR) 9.58; 95%CI 4.71-19.46)] and AIP (OR 5.35; 95%CI 2.30-12.45) were independent predictors of clinical atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: The AIP and ΔPI90-120 represented better accuracy in discriminating clinical ASCVD. Moreover, they were independent predictors of clinical ASCVD, evidencing a promising possibility for developing preventive and control strategies for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, they are markers for multicenter studies from the point of view of practicality, low cost, and external validity.

Avaliação do efeito anti-inflamatório do extrato de Spondias Mombin L. Em um modelo experimental de periodontite / Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of Spondias Mombin L. extract in an experimental model of periodontitis

A doença periodontal (DP) é uma doença crônica de caráter inflamatório multifatorial, que acomete somente os tecidos de proteção (gengivite) ou os tecidos de proteção e sustentação dentárias (periodontite). O extrato hidroetanólico de Spondias mombin L. (EHSM) vem se destacando em função de sua eficácia antimicrobiana frente a patógenos bucais e de suas atividades anti-inflamatória e antioxidante. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito antiinflamatório do EHSM em um modelo experimental de periodontite. Foi realizado um ensaio pré-clínico, controlado e in vivo, utilizando-se 61 ratos wistar machos, distribuídos aleatoriamente nos seguintes grupos: salina (n=7); DP (n=14); DP + SM 50mg/ml (n=12); DP + SM 100mg/kg (n=13) e DP + SM 200mg/kg (n=15). Foi realizada a gavagem diariamente desde o dia da indução da periodontite até o 11º dia experimental (eutanásia). Amostras sanguíneas, gengivais e maxilares foram obtidas e destinadas para as análises bioquímica, quantitativa de citocinas (IL-1ß e IL-6), histológica e microtomográfica computadorizada. Para análise estatística foram utilizados o teste paramétrico ANOVA, seguido pelo teste T de student e o teste não paramétrico de Kruskall-Wallis. A administração do EHSM não causou alterações sistêmicas nos animais, mostrando-se capaz de reduzir a concentração de IL-6, na dose de 50mg/kg (p<0,05), e de IL-1ß, na dose de 100mg/kg (p<0,01), assim como reduziu a reabsorção óssea e aumentou a integridade óssea em animais que receberam o EHSM nas concentrações de 100mg/kg (p<0,05) e 200mg/kg (p<0,001). Ademais, os animais submetidos à gavagem oral com o extrato na concentração de 200mg/kg (p<0,01) apresentou os melhores resultados histológicos, com infiltrado inflamatório escasso, restrito à gengiva marginal, e preservação do ligamento periodontal e do osso alveolar. Como conclusão, os achados deste estudo indicam que o EHSM, nas diferentes concentrações testadas, apresenta efeito anti-inflamatório local em um modelo experimental in vivo de periodontite, sem causar toxicidade sistêmica, apontando assim para o potencial uso do referido extrato no tratamento dessa doença (AU).

Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic disease with a multifactorial inflammatory nature, which exclusively affects the protective tissues (gingivitis) or the tissues that protect and support the teeth (periodontitis). The hydroethanolic extract of Spondias mombin L. (HESM) has been highlighted due to its antimicrobial action against oral pathogens and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The aim of this work was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of HESM in an experimental model of periodontitis. A pre-clinical, controlled and in vivo test was carried out, using 61 male Wistar rats, randomly distributed in the following groups: saline (n=7); PD (n=14); PD + MS 50mg/ml (n=12); PD + MS 100mg/kg (n=13) and PD + MS 200mg/kg (n=15). Gavage was performed daily from the day of periodontitis induction to the 11th experimental day (euthanasia). Blood, gingival and jaw samples were transferred and sent for biochemical, quantitative cytokine (IL-1ß and IL-6), histological and computerized microtomographic analyses. For statistical analysis, the parametric ANOVA test was used, followed by Student's t test and the non-parametric Kruskall-Wallis test. The administration of HESM did not cause systemic diseases in the animals, being able to reduce the concentration of IL-6, at a dose of 50mg/kg (p<0.05), and of IL-1ß, at a dose of 100mg/kg (p<0.01), as well as bone resorption and increased bone integrity in animals that received HESM at concentrations of 100mg/kg (p<0.05) and 200mg/kg (p<0.001). In addition, the animals confirmed by oral gavage with the extract at a concentration of 200mg/kg (p<0.01) showed the best histological results, with limited infiltration, restricted to the marginal gingiva, and preservation of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that HESM, at different concentrations, presents local antiinflammatory activity in an experimental in vivo model of periodontitis, without causing systemic toxicity, thus pointing to the potential use of the aforementioned extract in the treatment of this disease (AU).

Comparison of two pharmacological semen collection times with α2-adrenergic agonist in domestic cats.

The use of α2-adrenergic agonists in association with urethral catheterization has been used as a technique for pharmacological semen collection in cats. The mechanism of action of this drug is the stimulation of adrenoreceptors in the vas deferens, which results in ejaculation. While medetomidine is the α2-agonist most commonly used in studies, ejaculation with the use of dexmedetomidine associated with ketamine has been effective, but with variable results. Therefore, further studies regarding the methodology of use are required to obtain better seminal quality. This study aimed to compare two pharmacological semen collection times after the association of dexmedetomidine (30 µg/kg, IM; Dormitor®, Zoetis), ketamine (5 mg/kg, IM; ketamine, Vetnil) and urethral catheterization using a tomcat probe (0.8 mm × 1.00 mm × 11 cm). The collections were divided into two experimental groups: G10 (N = 8; urethral catheterization after 10 min of anaesthesia) and G15 (N = 8; urethral catheterization after 15 min of anaesthesia). The ejaculates were evaluated for ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, morphology and kinetics using the CASA system. To compare the groups, the t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test were used with a significance level of 5%. It was identified that ejaculate volume (G10: 22.62 ± 2.13 vs. G15: 26.81 ± 1.55; p < .001) and sperm concentration (G10: 48.10 × 106 ± 17.84 vs. G15: 90.18 × 106 ± 19.35; p < .001) was higher in G15 than in G10 and had a lower percentage of minor defects than G10 (G10: 3.12 ± 2.41 vs. G15: 1.00 ± 1.19; p = .043). Regarding the kinetic parameters, the results of G15 were better for total motility-TM (G10: 67.00 ± 10.33 vs. G15: 81.87 ± 7.99; p = .006) and faster cells-RAPID: (G10: 55.00 ± 16.63 vs. G15: 74.25 ± 11.94; p = .019); whereas a higher proportion of cells with slow speed-SLOW were seen in G10 (G10: 31.00 ± 12.07 vs. 17.12 ± 7.53; p = .015). Based on these findings, we suggest that collection via urethral catheterization should be performed 15 min after the application of ketamine-associated dexmedetomidine to obtain a better-quality ejaculate.

Epidemiological profile of gestational syphilis and congenital syphilis in a reference center in Northeast Brazil: risk factors and trend from 2019 to 2021 / Perfil epidemiológico de sífilis gestacional e sífilis congênita em centro de referência no Nordeste do Brasil: fatores de risco e tendência de 2019 a 2021

Introduction: Syphilis is an infectious systemic disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. The Amaury de Medeiros Integrated University Health Center in Recife is a reference maternity hospital for high-risk pregnancies and the management of the most common Sexually Transmitted Infections during prenatal care, including Gestational Syphilis and Congenital Syphilis. Objective: To determine the epidemiological profile of the population exposed to these conditions, the rate of Gestational Syphilis detection, the incidence of Congenital Syphilis, and the associated unfavorable outcomes in Amaury de Medeiros Integrated University Health Center between January 2019 and December 2021. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included pregnant women and neonates diagnosed with syphilis at Amaury de Medeiros Integrated University Health Center. Data were collected from the Notification/Investigation Forms for Gestational Syphilis and Congenital Syphilis, between January 2019 and December 2021. Results: At Amaury de Medeiros Integrated University Health Center, 463 cases of Gestational Syphilis and 296 of Congenital Syphilis were reported. During the three-year study, 4444, 4360, and 4265 live births were recorded, confirming the Gestational Syphilis detection rates ­ 33.30, 36.92, and 36.10 per 1000 live births, with the incidence of Congenital Syphilis being 26.1, 21.33, and 20.39 per 1000 live births. Pregnant women in their third trimester who were brown, had incomplete primary education, and lived in an urban area were the main sociodemographic variables. In total, 217 (73.3%) patients were diagnosed with Gestational Syphilis during or after delivery, indicating a low prenatal coverage (70.6%). In terms of the progression of Congenital Syphilis, unfavorable outcomes was found in 40 (13.5%) patients, including 16 (40%) abortions, 10 (25%) stillbirths, nine (22.5%) deaths from Congenital Syphilis, and 5 (12.5%) deaths from other causes. Conclusion: Gestational Syphilis detection rates and Congenital Syphilis incidence remain alarming, with abortions and stillbirths being the most common unfavorable outcomes. To change the dramatic situation of Congenital Syphilis in Brazil, the associated factors point to a poor quality of prenatal care and an urgent need to change public policies for pregnant women and newborns, in conjunction with socioeconomic assistance

Adrenal incidentaloma: Do patients with apparently nonfunctioning mass or autonomous cortisol secretion have similar or different clinical and metabolic features?

OBJECTIVE: Although there is growing evidence associating nonfunctioning adrenal incidentalomas (NFAI) with cardiovascular risk factors, there are limited data whether NFAI and autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) groups have similar or different clinical and metabolic features. The aim of this study is to compare cardiometabolic clinic parameters among patients with ACS and NFAI, as well as controls. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PATIENTS: Eighty nine NFAI, 58 ACS and 64 controls were evaluated. MEASUREMENTS: Diagnosis of NFAI (1 mg dexamethasone suppression test [1 mg-DST] ≤50 nmol/L [≤1.8 µg/dl]) and ACS (1 mg-DST > 50 nmol/L [> 1.8 µg/dl]) was established according to current guidelines. The control group was selected based on a normal adrenal imaging exam. RESULTS: There were no differences between groups regarding age, gender, ethnicity, menopause or body mass index. Patients with adrenal incidentaloma presented higher frequency of hypertension (74.1 vs. 57.8%; p = .02), resistant hypertension (45.4 vs. 9.4%; p < .001), dyslipidemia (80.1 vs. 63.9%; p = .01), as well as metabolic syndrome (84.2 vs. 61.7%; p = .001) compared to the controls, respectively. NFAI and ACS patients presented similar frequency of arterial hypertension (70.8 vs. 79.3%) and resistant hypertension (41.3 vs. 51.1%), dyslipidemia (79.3 vs. 81.5%) and metabolic syndrome (83.3 vs. 85.7%); also, levels of HbA1c were similar between the groups. Binary logistic regression showed that NFAI (p = .004) and ACS (p = .001) were independent predictors for resistant hypertension (p = .003); also, ACS was an independent predictor for metabolic syndrome (p = .04). CONCLUSIONS: NFAI and ACS presented a higher frequency of cardiometabolic morbidities in comparison with individuals with normal adrenal glands. Additionally, we demonstrated that both ACS and NFAI groups have similar cardiometabolic conditions.

Fecal microbiota profile of ovariohysterectomized cats submitted to estrogen replacement / Perfil da microbiota fecal de gatas ovariohisterectomizadas submetidas à reposição estrogênica

This study aimed to observe the effects of 17 ß-estradiol replacements on the fecal microbiota in spayed cats. Individual samples of fresh feces were collected and stored at -80° C. Sequencing of the V3/V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene was used, and bioinformatic analysis was performed. Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio was lower in the group receiving estrogen replacement compared to the SHAM group (P = 0,005). Jaccard index (P = 0.123) and Yue & Clayton index (P = 0.094) did not reveal alpha and beta diversity differences. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe) identified Firmicutes and MegasPhaera as the biomarkers for the SHAM group, and Burkholderiales, Betaproteobacteria, Sutterellaceae, Suterella, Proteobacteria, Proteobacteria unclassified and Collinsella for the group receiving estrogen replacement.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi observar os efeitos da reposição de 17 ß-estradiol na microbiota fecal de gatas castradas. Amostras individuais de fezes frescas foram colhidas e armazenadas a -80°C. Foi realizado o sequenciamento das regiões V3/V4 do gene 16S rRNA e a análise bioinformática. A razão Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes foi menor no grupo que recebeu reposição estrogênica em comparação ao grupo SHAM (P = 0,005). O índice de Jaccard (P = 0,123) e o índice de Yue & Clayton (P = 0,094) não revelaram diferenças na alfa e beta diversidade. A análise discriminatória linear de tamanho do efeito (LefSe) identificou Firmicutes e Megasphaera como biomarcadores para o grupo SHAM, e Burkholderiales, Betaproteobacteria, Sutterellaceae, Suterella, Proteobacteria, Proteobacteria não classificada e Collinsella para o grupo que recebeu reposição estrogênica.(AU)

The proAKAP4 concentrations in Nelore bull sperm and their relation to FTAI conception rate results.

The AKAP4 protein has an essential role in sperm motility, and its precursor, the proAKAP4, is considered a biomarker for sperm quality and fertility. Despite this, proAKAP4 concentration was never evaluated in Bos indicus sperm. Therefore, this study aims to determine the proAKAP4 concentration in the sperm of Nellore bulls and its association with sperm kinetics, morpho-functionality, morphology, and conception rates after fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). The bulls (n = 9) used in our study presented sperm characteristics above expected standards for quality. Sperm from each bull was evaluated regarding kinetics by the CASA system, and assessed for mitochondrial functionality, sperm membrane integrity, and morphology. For the FTAI protocol, multiparous Nelore cows (n = 1507) were inseminated with frozen-thawed sperm from the same batches used in the laboratory analysis. Additionally, the sperm proAKAP4 concentration was determined using an ELISA kit. The data were analyzed by linear regression and the significance level was set to 5%. The mean conception rate was 52.52%. The mean proAKAP4 concentration was 25.75 ng/106 spermatozoa. The proAKAP4 concentration positively affected the sperm total and progressive motilities, and conception rates after FTAI (respectively, r2 = 0.49, P = 0.03; r2 = 0.63, P = 0.01; and r2 = 0.51, P = 0.03). Based on the relationship detected in this study, we conclude that the sperm proAKAP4 concentration is a suitable biomarker to predict the quality and fertility of frozen-thawed Bos indicus semen.

Cervical Cancer Prevention on Instagram: Content and Social Interaction Analysis of Brazilian Accounts.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to analyse the content of posts on Instagram about cervical cancer. METHODS: It was conducted a qualitative analysis using the 50 most popular publicly available Portuguese-language Instagram posts, containing the hashtags #cervicalcancer, #papsmear, #hpv, #papillomavirus, and #hpvvac-cine, during the Brazilian national cervical cancer prevention campaign in March 2018. RESULTS: Posts recruited using #cervicalcancer provided 60% of posts with contents related to secondary prevention; the #papsmear provided 46% of posts with irrelevant contents; the #hpv and #papillomavirus provided 50% and 64% of posts with informative content, respectively; and the #hpvvaccine provided 58% of posts with content related to primary prevention. The posts that received the highest number of likes were those from the hashtags #hpv and #papillomavirus with 151.33 and 78.00 likes/post, respectively. The majority of posts presented less than 05 comments/post, except for the #hpv, which had 64.76 comments/post. According to the users' profiles, the majority of the posts, regardless of the hashtag used, were made by health professionals. CONCLUSION: The focus of Instagram posts about cervical cancer is on secondary prevention, which can contribute to the promotion of health behaviours not directed to aspects of primary prevention of the disease.

Biotecnologias na preservação de espermatozoides felinos / Biotechnologies in the preservation of feline sperm

O gato doméstico é a única espécie da família Felídea sem risco ou iminência de extinção, diferente da maior parte dos felinos selvagens. Desta forma, o desenvolvimento e aprimoramento de diferentes biotécnicas reprodutivas, são essenciais para a manutenção da qualidade reprodutiva, tendo em vista a preservação de espécies mais vulneráveis. Além disso, as biotécnicas do sêmen são para as tecnologias reprodutivas, como a inseminação artificial (IA) e a fertilização in vitro (FIV). Sendo assim, o objetivo deste compilado bibliográfico foi abordar as principais técnicas de colheita, análise e preservação de sêmen/espermatozoides felino, assim como o uso dessas células em IA e FIV. Para a colheita do sêmen felino, diferentes métodos têm sido aplicados: ejaculação farmacológica, eletroejaculação e vagina artificial. Em caso de óbito do reprodutor, os espermatozoides recuperados do epidídimo também apresentam viabilidade reprodutiva. Ademais, a cinética espermática avaliada pelo sistema CASA, a morfologia e a morfometria são as principais análises que demonstram a qualidade espermática e refletem na fertilidade do ejaculado. O sistema CASA também avalia a trajetória individual de cada espermatozoide, que ao se agrupar em clusters, demonstra a heterogeneidade do ejaculado nas subpopulações. Contudo, os diluentes para a conservação e refrigeração dos espermatozoides felinos e as curvas de congelação ainda não estão totalmente estabelecidos e influenciam diretamente a viabilidade dos espermatozoides criopreservados. Diante disso, os resultados da utilização do sêmen felino após criopreservação são inconsistentes, sendo necessários mais estudos para elucidar melhores curvas de congelação e meios de diluentes para viabilizar a preservação do material genético dos gatos.

The domestic cat is the only species of the Felidea family without risk or imminence of extinction, unlike most wild cats. Therefore, the development and improvement of different reproductive biotechnologies are essential for the maintenance of reproductive quality for the preservation of the most vulnerable species. Furthermore, semen biotechnologies are the basis for reproductive technologies such as artificial insemination (AI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF). Thus, the objective of this bibliographic compilation was to approach the main techniques of collection, analysis, and preservation of feline semen/sperm, as well as the use of these cells in AI and IVF. For feline semen collection, different methods have been applied: pharmacological ejaculation, electroejaculation, and artificial vagina. In case of death of the sire, sperm recovered from the epididymis also show reproductive viability. Moreover, the sperm kinetics evaluated by the CASA system, the morphology, and the morphometry are the main analyzes that demonstrate sperm quality and reflect on ejaculate fertility. The CASA system also evaluates the individual path of each sperm, which, when grouped into clusters, demonstrates the heterogeneity of the ejaculate in the subpopulations. However, diluents for the conservation and refrigeration of feline sperm and freezing curves are not yet fully established and directly influence the viability of cryopreserved sperm. Therefore, the results of using feline semen after cryopreservation are inconsistent, and further studies are needed to elucidate better freezing curves and diluents to enable the preservation of the genetic material of cats.

Cochlear implant complications in a low-income area of Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to analyze and report on the complications that occurred in the cochlear implant surgeries performed at a large philanthropic teaching hospital located in a low-income area of Brazil. METHODS: A historical cohort study that analyzed surgical records of 432 patients of all age groups and both genders who received unilateral cochlear implant in a tertiary referral center that serves only Brazil's Public Health Care System patients, from February 2009 to December 2017. RESULTS: A total of 67 (15.5%) complications occurred in the cochlear implant surgeries, with 21 (5.4%) major complications. Minor complications occurred in 50 (12%) cases. The most frequent major complication was receiver-stimulator displacement (four cases). There were three cases of hardware failure. Only one case of meningitis and one case of facial nerve paralysis (grade VI in House-Brackmann scale) were found. Six patients needed to be explanted due to a major complication. The relative risk of major complications in the population aged 60 years and older was 4.41 (1.53-12.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]). CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients suffered more complications than younger patients. receiver-stimulator displacement and dizziness were the most frequent complications (major and minor, respectively). The overall complication rates were comparable to those in the literature. Age as an isolated risk factor for complications in cochlear implant surgery is a path to be explored in future observations.

Cochlear implant complications in a low-income area of Brazil

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to analyze and report on the complications that occurred in the cochlear implant surgeries performed at a large philanthropic teaching hospital located in a low-income area of Brazil. METHODS: A historical cohort study that analyzed surgical records of 432 patients of all age groups and both genders who received unilateral cochlear implant in a tertiary referral center that serves only Brazil's Public Health Care System patients, from February 2009 to December 2017. RESULTS: A total of 67 (15.5%) complications occurred in the cochlear implant surgeries, with 21 (5.4%) major complications. Minor complications occurred in 50 (12%) cases. The most frequent major complication was receiver-stimulator displacement (four cases). There were three cases of hardware failure. Only one case of meningitis and one case of facial nerve paralysis (grade VI in House-Brackmann scale) were found. Six patients needed to be explanted due to a major complication. The relative risk of major complications in the population aged 60 years and older was 4.41 (1.53-12.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]). CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients suffered more complications than younger patients. receiver-stimulator displacement and dizziness were the most frequent complications (major and minor, respectively). The overall complication rates were comparable to those in the literature. Age as an isolated risk factor for complications in cochlear implant surgery is a path to be explored in future observations.

Use of linkage to analyze completeness and concordance of deaths from congenital syphilis in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil, 2010-2017: a descriptive study. / Uso de linkage para análise de completude e concordância de óbitos por sífilis congênita na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, 2010-2017: estudo descritivo.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the completeness and concordance of infant deaths from congenital syphilis in the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo, Brazil, between 2010 and 2017. METHODS: This was a descriptive study based on linkage between the Mortality Information System (SIM) and the Live Birth Information System (SINASC). Deaths with mention of congenital syphilis in multiple causes of death were analyzed. The completeness of 11 SIM variables was analyzed and SINASC was adopted as the reference. The Kappa statistic was used to analyze concordance. RESULTS: There were 134 recorded congenital syphilis deaths, 132 of which were linked. 67 had congenital syphilis as the underlying cause, while 65 involved multiple causes of death, indicating underestimated congenital syphilis mortality. After linkage, the number of variables with excellent completeness increased from two to ten. CONCLUSION: Linking SIM with SINASC data improved completeness. The magnitude of congenital syphilis mortality was found to be underestimated, and the use of multiple causes improved its measurement.

Sperm subpopulations influence the pregnancy rates in cattle.

This study aimed to study the characteristics and subpopulations of spermatozoa from bulls with low and high reproductive performance based on pregnancy rates. Based on historical records of pregnancy rate from four farms, 24 bulls were selected. Two groups were established, with low pregnancy rates (n = 12; LOW), including bulls that presented pregnancy rates <52.27% (33.33% to 51.81%); and a group with high pregnancy rates (n = 12; HIGH), with pregnancy rates >52.27% (52.27% to 69.64%), after fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). The thawed sperm straws were analysed to sperm kinetics, morphology, plasma membrane integrity and sperm subpopulations. The LOW group exhibited a higher proportion of static cells (p < .05). In contrast, the HIGH group showed greater percentages for membrane integrity and total and progressive motility, and cells with fast and medium velocity (p < .05). In the cluster procedures, four sperm subpopulations were established. The low-fertility bulls presented the highest percentage of subpopulation 2 (41.46%), characterized by slow and progressive spermatozoa. The high-fertility bulls exhibited the highest percentage of subpopulation 3 (37.17%), characterized by fast and nonlinear spermatozoa. Results from this study indicated that bulls with greater percentages of fast and nonlinear spermatozoa seem to have greater fertilization capacity and the subpopulations analysis can be considered a tool to identify ejaculates with high fertility.

Uso de linkage para análise de completude e concordância de óbitos por sífilis congênita na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, 2010-2017: estudo descritivo / Uso de linkage para análisis de completitud y concordancia de muertes por sífilis congénita en la Región Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil, 2010-2017: estudio descriptivo / Use of linkage to analyze completeness and concordance of deaths from congenital syphilis in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil, 2010-2017: a descriptive study

Objetivo: Avaliar a completude e concordância dos óbitos infantis por sífilis congênita na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil, no período 2010-2017. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, baseado na vinculação do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) com o Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc). Foram considerados os óbitos com menção de sífilis congênita nas causas múltiplas de morte. Analisou-se a completude de 11 variáveis do SIM; adotou-se o Sinasc como referência. Para análise da concordância, utilizou-se o índice Kappa. Resultados: Registraram-se 134 óbitos por sífilis congênita; destes, 132 foram vinculados, sendo 67 como causa básica e 65 ao se considerar causas múltiplas de óbito, indicando subestimação da mortalidade. Após linkage, houve aumento de 2 para 10 variáveis com preenchimento excelente. Conclusão: A vinculação do SIM com dados do Sinasc melhorou sua completude. Identificou-se subestimação da magnitude da mortalidade por sífilis congênita, e o uso das causas múltiplas melhorou sua mensuração.

Objetivo: Evaluar la completitud y concordancia de muertes infantiles por sífilis congénita en la Región Metropolitana de Sao Paulo, Brasil, entre 2010 y 2017. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo basado en el enlace de datos entre el Sistema de Información de Mortalidad (SIM) y el Sistema de Información sobre Nacidos Vivos (Sinasc). Se consideraron muertes con mención de sífilis congénita en múltiples causas de muerte. Se analizó la completitud de 11 variables del SIM y se adoptó el Sinasc como referencia. Se utilizó el índice Kappa para analizar la concordancia. Resultados: Se registraron 134 muertes por SC, de las cuales 132 fueron vinculadas, siendo 67 como causa básica y 65 al considerar causas asociadas, lo que indica subestimación de la mortalidad. Después del linkage, hubo aumento de 2 para 10 variables con excelente completitud. Conclusión: La vinculación del SIM con el Sinasc mejoró la completitud. Se identificó subestimación de la magnitud de mortalidad por sífilis congénita y el uso de múltiples causas mejoró la medición.

Objective: To evaluate the completeness and concordance of infant deaths from congenital syphilis in the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo, Brazil, between 2010 and 2017. Methods: This was a descriptive study based on linkage between the Mortality Information System (SIM) and the Live Birth Information System (SINASC). Deaths with mention of congenital syphilis in multiple causes of death were analyzed. The completeness of 11 SIM variables was analyzed and SINASC was adopted as the reference. The Kappa statistic was used to analyze concordance. Results: There were 134 recorded congenital syphilis deaths, 132 of which were linked. 67 had congenital syphilis as the underlying cause, while 65 involved multiple causes of death, indicating underestimated congenital syphilis mortality. After linkage, the number of variables with excellent completeness increased from two to ten. Conclusion: Linking SIM with SINASC data improved completeness. The magnitude of congenital syphilis mortality was found to be underestimated, and the use of multiple causes improved its measurement.

Sperm filtration as an alternative technique for seminal plasma separation in boars / Filtração de ejaculados suínos como alternativa para a separação do plasma seminal

The present study aimed to evaluate the filtration for separating seminal plasma of boars' ejaculate by means of sperm viability and the occurrence of hyperactivation and lipid peroxidation in fresh semen and after cooling for up to 96 hours. The ejaculate of eight healthy boars of different breeds was collected and the gelatinous portion was separated and discarded. In the laboratory, the semen was fractioned into three aliquots (groups G1, G2 and G3) as follows: G1: semen with plasma diluted in BTS (TOTAL BTS); G2: semen centrifuged at 600G/10' (BTS CEN); and G3: semen filtered with the Sperm-filter® following dilution of the retained cells with BTS (BTS FIL). The analyses were performed at three moments: with fresh samples (D0) and after 48 (D2) and 96 hours (D4) of cooling at 17ºC. The kinetic evaluation was performed using the CASA system, which provided data for the classification of sperm hyperactivity. For lipid stress analysis, the TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) test was performed. The variance analysis test was conducted to compare the results between the groups and moments analyzed. The results showed better total motility values (%) for G1 at D0 (67.9, P= 0.001), D2 (36.6, P= 0.004) and D4 (26.1, P= 0.003). The occurrence of hyperactivity was observed in G2 and G3 at moments D2 and D4. In addition, TBARS showed higher peroxidation levels for G1 at D0 (8.1 mM MDA/ml, P= 0.01), D2 (7.4 mM MDA/ml, P= 0.02), and D4 (6.41mMol MDA/ml, P= 0.008) when compared to G2 and G3. Since the filtration method did not demonstrate any damage to the sperm viability, the study concluded that sperm filtration is an accessible and valid tool to replace centrifugation.(AU)

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a filtração como alternativa para a separação do plasma seminal de ejaculados suínos, ao considerar a viabilidade espermática por meio da ocorrência de hiperativação e peroxidação lipídica no sêmen fresco e após refrigeração por até 96 horas. O ejaculado, de oito cachaços saudáveis de diferentes raças, foram colhidos por meio da técnica da mão enluvada e porção gelatinosa foi separada e descartada. Em laboratório, o sêmen foi fracionado em três alíquotas (grupos G1, G2 e G3) da seguinte forma: G1: sêmen e plasma seminal, diluído em BTS (TOTAL BTS); G2: ejaculado centrifugado a 600G/10' para separação do plasma seminal, e o pellet de espermatozoides formados foram ressuspensos em BTS (BTS CEN); e G3: sêmen filtrado com Sperm-filter®, e espermatozoides retidos foram diluídos em BTS (BTS FIL). As análises foram realizadas em três momentos: amostras frescas (D0), após 48 horas (D2) e seguidas 96 horas (D4) de refrigeração a 17ºC. A avaliação cinética foi realizada pelo sistema CASA, que forneceu dados para a classificação da hiperatividade espermática. Para análise de estresse lipídico, foi realizado o teste TBARS (substâncias reagente ao ácido barbitúrico). Um teste de análise de variâncias foi feito para detectar diferenças entre os grupos e momentos avaliados. Os resultados mostraram melhores valores de motilidade total (%) para G1 em D0 (67,9, P = 0,001), D2 (36,6, P = 0,004) e D4 (26,1, P = 0,003). A ocorrência de hiperatividade foi observada em G2 e G3 nos momentos D2 e D4. Além disso, o TBARS mostrou níveis de peroxidação lipídica mais elevados para G1 em D0 (8,1 mM MDA / ml, P = 0,01), D2 (7,4 mM MDA/ml, P = 0,02) e D4 (6,41 mMol MDA / ml, P = 0,008) quando comparado com G2 e G3. Como a filtração não induziu a danos na viabilidade espermática, o estudo concluiu que a filtração espermática é uma ferramenta acessível e válida para substituir a centrifugação com intuito de separar o plasma seminal.(AU)

Epidemiologia das intoxicações medicamentosas registradas no Sistema Nacional de Informações Tóxico-Farmacológicas de 2012-2016 / Epidemiology of medicinal intoxications registered in the National System of Toxic-Pharmacological Information 2012-2016

Dentre o universo de substâncias tóxicas, os medicamentos são os mais envolvidos em intoxicações. Em 2016, eles representaram 34% das intoxicações no Brasil. O objetivo foi analisar as intoxicações medicamentosas registradas entre os anos de 2012 a 2016, identificando as possíveis causas. Trata-se de um estudo documental realizado por meio de dados secundários disponíveis no sinitox e de informações contidas em bases de dados. As variáveis analisadas foram a frequência por região, a zona de ocorrência, o sexo, a faixa etária, a circunstância, a evolução dos casos e a frequência de óbitos. Os resultados mostraram que o Sudeste foi a região mais prevalente; o grupo mais atingido foi as mulheres de 20 a 49 anos, seguido de crianças de um a quatro anos; e a tentativa de suicídio como a principal circunstância. Pretende-se direcionar gestores e profissionais de saúde no planejamento de ações preventivas, amenizando esses incidentes e promovendo melhor qualidade de vida para a população.

In the universe of toxic substances, medicines are the most involved in intoxications. In 2016, they accounted for 34% poisonings in Brazil. The objective was to analyze drug intoxications recorded between 2012 and 2016, identifying the possible causes. It was a documentary study carried out using secondary data available at Sinitox and information contained in databases. The variables analyzed were: frequency by region, area of occurrence, sex, age, circumstance, evolution of cases, and frequency of deaths. The results showed that the southeast was the most prevalent region; the group most affected were women aged 20 to 49 years, followed by children aged 1 to 4 years; and attempted suicide as the main circumstance. The intention is to guide managers and health professionals in planning preventive actions, mitigating these incidents and promoting a better quality of life for the population.