Obesity is a strong risk factor for short-term mortality and adverse outcomes in Mexican patients with COVID-19: a national observational study.

Conflicting results have been obtained through meta-analyses for the role of obesity as a risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), possibly due to the inclusion of predominantly multimorbid patients with severe COVID-19. Here, we aimed to study obesity alone or in combination with other comorbidities as a risk factor for short-term all-cause mortality and other adverse outcomes in Mexican patients evaluated for suspected COVID-19 in ambulatory units and hospitals in Mexico. We performed a retrospective observational analysis in a national cohort of 71 103 patients from all 32 states of Mexico from the National COVID-19 Epidemiological Surveillance Study. Two statistical models were applied through Cox regression to create survival models and logistic regression models to determine risk of death, hospitalisation, invasive mechanical ventilation, pneumonia and admission to an intensive care unit, conferred by obesity and other comorbidities (diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, immunosuppression, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease). Models were adjusted for other risk factors. From 24 February to 26 April 2020, 71 103 patients were evaluated for suspected COVID-19; 15 529 (21.8%) had a positive test for SARS-CoV-2; 46 960 (66.1%), negative and 8614 (12.1%), pending results. Obesity alone increased adjusted mortality risk in positive patients (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.04-2.98), but not in negative and pending-result patients. Obesity combined with other comorbidities further increased risk of death (DM: HR = 2.79, 95% CI 2.04-3.80; immunosuppression: HR = 5.06, 95% CI 2.26-11.41; hypertension: HR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.77-3.01) and other adverse outcomes. In conclusion, obesity is a strong risk factor for short-term mortality and critical illness in Mexican patients with COVID-19; risk increases when obesity is present with other comorbidities.

Development and validation of the patient history COVID-19 (PH-Covid19) scoring system: a multivariable prediction model of death in Mexican patients with COVID-19.

Most of the existing prediction models for COVID-19 lack validation, are inadequately reported or are at high risk of bias, a reason which has led to discourage their use. Few existing models have the potential to be extensively used by healthcare providers in low-resource settings since many require laboratory and imaging predictors. Therefore, we sought to develop and validate a multivariable prediction model of death in Mexican patients with COVID-19, by using demographic and patient history predictors. We conducted a national retrospective cohort study in two different sets of patients from the Mexican COVID-19 Epidemiologic Surveillance Study. Patients with a positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 and complete unduplicated data were eligible. In total, 83 779 patients were included to develop the scoring system through a multivariable Cox regression model; 100 000, to validate the model. Eight predictors (age, sex, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunosuppression, hypertension, obesity and chronic kidney disease) were included in the scoring system called PH-Covid19 (range of values: -2 to 25 points). The predictive model has a discrimination of death of 0.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.796-0.804). The PH-Covid19 scoring system was developed and validated in Mexican patients to aid clinicians to stratify patients with COVID-19 at risk of fatal outcomes, allowing for better and efficient use of resources.

Mannheimia haemolytica OmpP2-like is an amyloid-like protein, forms filaments, takes part in cell adhesion and is part of biofilms.

Mannheimia haemolytica causes respiratory disease in cattle. Amyloid proteins are a major component of biofilms; they aid in adhesion and confer resistance against several environmental insults. The amyloid protein curli is highly resistant to protease digestion and physical and chemical denaturation and binds Congo red (CR) dye. The purpose of this study was to characterize an approximately 50-kDa CR-binding amyloid-like protein (ALP) expressed by M. haemolytica. This protein resisted boiling and formic acid digestion and was recognized by a polyclonal anti-Escherichia coli curli serum, suggesting its relationship with amyloid proteins. Immunolabeling and transmission electron microscopy showed that antibodies bound long, thin fibers attached to the bacterial surface. Mass spectrometry analysis indicated that these fibers are M. haemolytica OmpP2-like proteins. The purified protein formed filaments in vitro, and antiserum against it reacted positively with biofilms. An in silico analysis of its amino acid sequence indicated it has auto-aggregation properties and eight amyloid peptides. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies generated against this ALP diminished the adhesion of ATCC 31612 and BA1 M. haemolytica strains to A549 human epithelial cells, indicating its participation in cell adhesion. ALP expressed by M. haemolytica may be important in its pathogenicity and ability to form biofilms.

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Cardiomyocytes during the Aging Process in Rats Treated with Resveratrol.

The substantial increase in the number of elderly people in our societies represents a challenge for biology and medicine. The societies of the industrialized countries are subject to a progressive aging process that translates into an increase in the cardiovascular risk of the population. In the present work, the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase was evaluated, as well as markers of oxidative stress (concentration of nitric oxide and total lipoperoxidation in its main components: malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkene) in cardiomyocytes during the aging process in rats treated with resveratrol. Rats were divided into 4 groups according to the following categories: control (without treatment), negative control group (administered with physiological solution with 10% ethanol), positive control group (administered with vitamin E, 2 mg/kg/day), and group administered with resveratrol (10 mg/kg/day); these groups in turn were divided into 2, 4, 6, and 8 months of treatment. The analysis of nitric oxide showed a decreased level in the cardiac tissue in the groups treated with resveratrol; the same occurs when total lipoperoxidation is analyzed. The enzymatic activity studied (catalase and superoxide dismutase) did not present significant changes with respect to the controls. It is concluded that the cardioprotective effect of resveratrol is due to the antioxidant effect and other antiaging effects and not to the activation of the enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase.

Effect of Chronic Administration of Resveratrol on Cognitive Performance during Aging Process in Rats.

The increase in the elderly population has generated concern to meet health demands. The research efforts to elucidate the mechanisms of damage associated with aging have also been significantly increased, especially in order to avoid the reduction of the cognitive abilities in geriatric patients, resulting from the damage generated mainly at the level of the hippocampus during old age. At present, many studies describe resveratrol as an antiaging component. There are reports that it can activate the Sirt1 gene related to antiaging, emulating the effects obtained by caloric restriction in rodents. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of chronic administration of resveratrol (10 mg/kg) on cognitive performance in behavioral tests after 8 months of treatment and on the preservation of cerebral integrity in the cytoarchitecture of regions CA1 and CA2. Results showed that the cytoarchitecture of the CA1 and CA2 regions in the hippocampus retained their integrity over time in rats treated with resveratrol, and the behavioral test performed revealed that chronic resveratrol administration for 8 months showed improvements in cognitive performance. The results indicate that resveratrol may exhibit therapeutic potential for age-related conditions.

Indicadores bioquímico e hormonal de vacas leiteiras mestiças sadias e doentes durante o final da gestação e o início da lactação / Biochemical and hormonal indicators from healthy and sickly crossbred dairy cows during late pregnancy and early lactation

Objetivou-se identificar alguns indicadores bioquímicos e hormonais durante o final da gestação e início da lactação de vacas leiteiras sadias, quando comparadas com as que apresentaram algum tipo de transtorno clínico ao longo do experimento. Para tanto, utilizou-se 39 vacas mestiças (holandês x Gir), distribuídas em dois grupos, o primeiro (G1) com 22 animais hígidos e o segundo (G2) com 17 vacas que apresentaram algumas enfermidades (retenção de placenta, endometrite, mastite, pododermatite e distocia materna). O delineamento experimental ocorreu a partir das coletas realizadas nos períodos -60, -40, -20, -10 dias antes do parto, 0 (dia do parto), e +10, +20, +40, +60 dias pós-parto. Analisou-se os metabólitos energéticos (glicose, frutosamina, AGNEs e β-hidroxibutirato), hormonais (insulina e cortisol), proteicos (proteína total, albumina, globulina e ureia) e minerais (CaT, P, Mg, K, Na e Cl). As variáveis estudadas foram interpretadas por meio de análise de variância ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Analisando o perfil energético, verificou-se uma maior mobilização no G2 durante o periparto, por meio dos menores valores de frutosamina e glicose, além das concentrações superiores de AGNEs e β-hidroxibutirato. O comportamento dos hormônios insulina e cortisol foi similar, observando apenas efeito de momento, cujos maiores concentrações ocorreram no dia do parto. O perfil proteico revelou, pela proteína total apenas efeito de momento, em que seus menores valores foram verificados no dia do parto, contudo, a albumina do G2 foi inferior ao G1 em todos os momentos, já as globulinas do G2 foram superiores ao grupo das vacas hígidas e a ureia apresentou concentrações maiores no G1. Com relação aos minerais o cálcio total, magnésio e cloro apontaram níveis inferiores desde o período inicial das coletas no grupo G2. Conclui-se, que esses metabólitos estudados sinalizaram precocemente a deficiência nutricional durante o final da gestação, repercutindo no período de transição, e comprometendo o mecanismo de adaptação das vacas, com isso aumentando os riscos para maior ocorrência de enfermidades.(AU)

This study aimed to identify some biochemical and hormonal indicators during late pregnancy and early lactation from healthy dairy cows crossbred compared with those who had some type of clinical disorder throughout the experiment. Therefore, we used 39 Crossbred dairy cows (Holstein x Gyr), divided into two groups, the first (G1) with 22 healthy animals and the second (G2) with 17 cows showed some disease (retained placenta, endometritis, mastitis, foot rot and maternal dystocia). The experiment took place from collections made in the period -60, -40, -20, -10 days before delivery, 0 (parturition day), and +10, +20, +40, +60 days postpartum. We analyzed energy metabolites (glucose, fructosamine, NEFA and β-hydroxybutyrate), hormone (insulin and cortisol), protein (total protein, albumin, globulin and urea) and minerals (CaT, P, Mg, K, Na and Cl). The variables studied were interpreted by analysis of variance at 5% probability. Analyzing the energetic profile, there was a greater mobilization in G2 during childbirth, through the lower fructosamine and glucose values, besides higher concentrations of Agnes and β-hydroxybutyrate. The behavior of the hormones insulin and cortisol was similar, noting only effect of time, whose higher levels occurred on the day of delivery. The protein profile revealed by total protein only time effect in their lowest values were recorded on the day of delivery, however, albumin G2 was lower than the G1 at all times, since the G2 globulin were higher than the group of otherwise healthy cows and urea showed higher concentrations in G1. With respect to the total mineral calcium, magnesium and chlorine showed lower levels from the initial period of the collections in G2. It follows that these metabolites studied early signal nutritional deficiency during late pregnancy, reflecting the transition period, and compromising the adjustment mechanism for cows, thereby increasing the risks to higher incidence of disease.(AU)

Indicadores bioquímico e hormonal de vacas leiteiras mestiças sadias e doentes durante o final da gestação e o início da lactação / Biochemical and hormonal indicators from healthy and sickly crossbred dairy cows during late pregnancy and early lactation

Objetivou-se identificar alguns indicadores bioquímicos e hormonais durante o final da gestação e início da lactação de vacas leiteiras sadias, quando comparadas com as que apresentaram algum tipo de transtorno clínico ao longo do experimento. Para tanto, utilizou-se 39 vacas mestiças (holandês x Gir), distribuídas em dois grupos, o primeiro (G1) com 22 animais hígidos e o segundo (G2) com 17 vacas que apresentaram algumas enfermidades (retenção de placenta, endometrite, mastite, pododermatite e distocia materna). O delineamento experimental ocorreu a partir das coletas realizadas nos períodos -60, -40, -20, -10 dias antes do parto, 0 (dia do parto), e +10, +20, +40, +60 dias pós-parto. Analisou-se os metabólitos energéticos (glicose, frutosamina, AGNEs e β-hidroxibutirato), hormonais (insulina e cortisol), proteicos (proteína total, albumina, globulina e ureia) e minerais (CaT, P, Mg, K, Na e Cl). As variáveis estudadas foram interpretadas por meio de análise de variância ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Analisando o perfil energético, verificou-se uma maior mobilização no G2 durante o periparto, por meio dos menores valores de frutosamina e glicose, além das concentrações superiores de AGNEs e β-hidroxibutirato. O comportamento dos hormônios insulina e cortisol foi similar, observando apenas efeito de momento, cujos maiores concentrações ocorreram no dia do parto. O perfil proteico revelou, pela proteína total apenas efeito de momento, em que seus menores valores foram verificados no dia do parto, contudo, a albumina do G2 foi inferior ao G1 em todos os momentos, já as globulinas do G2 foram superiores ao grupo das vacas hígidas e a ureia apresentou concentrações maiores no G1. Com relação aos minerais o cálcio total, magnésio e cloro apontaram níveis inferiores desde o período inicial das coletas no grupo G2. Conclui-se, que esses metabólitos estudados sinalizaram precocemente a deficiência nutricional durante o final da gestação, repercutindo no período de transição, e comprometendo o mecanismo de adaptação das vacas, com isso aumentando os riscos para maior ocorrência de enfermidades.(AU)

This study aimed to identify some biochemical and hormonal indicators during late pregnancy and early lactation from healthy dairy cows crossbred compared with those who had some type of clinical disorder throughout the experiment. Therefore, we used 39 Crossbred dairy cows (Holstein x Gyr), divided into two groups, the first (G1) with 22 healthy animals and the second (G2) with 17 cows showed some disease (retained placenta, endometritis, mastitis, foot rot and maternal dystocia). The experiment took place from collections made in the period -60, -40, -20, -10 days before delivery, 0 (parturition day), and +10, +20, +40, +60 days postpartum. We analyzed energy metabolites (glucose, fructosamine, NEFA and β-hydroxybutyrate), hormone (insulin and cortisol), protein (total protein, albumin, globulin and urea) and minerals (CaT, P, Mg, K, Na and Cl). The variables studied were interpreted by analysis of variance at 5% probability. Analyzing the energetic profile, there was a greater mobilization in G2 during childbirth, through the lower fructosamine and glucose values, besides higher concentrations of Agnes and β-hydroxybutyrate. The behavior of the hormones insulin and cortisol was similar, noting only effect of time, whose higher levels occurred on the day of delivery. The protein profile revealed by total protein only time effect in their lowest values were recorded on the day of delivery, however, albumin G2 was lower than the G1 at all times, since the G2 globulin were higher than the group of otherwise healthy cows and urea showed higher concentrations in G1. With respect to the total mineral calcium, magnesium and chlorine showed lower levels from the initial period of the collections in G2. It follows that these metabolites studied early signal nutritional deficiency during late pregnancy, reflecting the transition period, and compromising the adjustment mechanism for cows, thereby increasing the risks to higher incidence of disease.(AU)

Utilidad de la resonancia magnética en el diagnóstico de lesiones musculares de localización atípica / Usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of atypical location muscle lesions

En el presente los desgarros musculares son una causa muy frecuente de lesión en la práctica deportiva. Según los estudios actuales, un 30% de las lesiones en atletas afecta los músculos, siendo particularmente comunes a nivel de los isquiotibiales, el recto anterior de los cuádriceps, los gemelos y los aductores. El diagnóstico se realiza en forma sencilla mediante un estudio ecográfico. Sin embargo, existe un número importante de lesiones musculares de localización profunda e infrecuente, que pueden pasar inadvertidas en la ecografía y que causan largos períodos de inactividad para el deportista. La resonancia magnética (RM), por su resolución anatómica y capacidad multiplanar, es el método de elección para el estudio de este tipo de afecciones, ya que permite descartar otras patologías de similar presentación clínica y realizar un diagnóstico específico. En este artículo describimos los desgarros musculares de localización inusual, particularmente los de localización pelviana, evaluando también la pared torácica, abdominal y miembros superiores e inferiores. En todos los casos, se usaron equipos de alto campo 1.5 y 3 Tesla.

Muscle injuries are currently particularly frequent among people who participate in sports. Current studies show that 30% of injuries in athletes affect muscles, with hamstrings, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and adductors being particularly prevalent. The diagnosis is easily made with an ultrasound study. However, there are a significant number of muscle injuries, considered uncommon, that may be not be detected by ultrasound, mainly because of their depth, and could be responsible for long periods of inactivity for the sportsman. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with a better anatomical resolution and multiplanar capability, is the method of choice for detecting the precise location and severity of the injury and can establish their severity. The aim of this article is to review muscle tears of unusual location, particularly in the pelvic area, but also evaluating the chest wall, abdomen, and upper and lower limbs. All patients were evaluated by 3 and 1.5 Tesla MRI units.

Neuralgia del trigémino: estudio funcional mediante tensor de difusión de alta densidad como herramienta diagnóstica

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente artículo es demostrar la alteración de la fracción de anisotropía (FA) en la neuralgia esencial del trigémino (NET). Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron 10 pacientes con diagnóstico de neuralgia esencial del trigémino mediante secuencias de tensor de difusión de alta densidad e imágenes anatómicas 3D en un resonador de alto campo 3 Tesla. En todos los casos se localizaron los nervios. Las imágenes obtenidas se posprocesaron para realizar la tractografía y medir la FA en 20 nervios. Resultados: Se correlacionaron los hallazgos patológicos entre la medición de la FA y la clínica de los pacientes. De los 10 casos, 6 presentaron compresión neurovascular de lado con neuralgia y un valor de FA descendido con respecto al contralateral en rango normal; mientras que 2 mostraron compresión neurovascular bilateral, pero solo descenso del valor de FA del lado afectado clínicamente. En los otros 2 pacientes no se determinó compresión neurovascular, aunque en el lado con manifestación clínica neurálgica la FA se encontraba descendida. Conclusión: La realización de la difusión anisotrópica de alta densidad y la medición de la FA pueden ser una herramienta en la evaluación de la neuralgia esencial del trigémino, ya que es un método reproducible y seguro que permite estudiar la función del nervio.(AU)

Objective: The objective of this article is to demonstrate the alteration of the anisotropy factor (FA) in essential trigeminal neuralgia. Materials and methods: Ten patients with essential trigeminal neuralgia were studied with sequences of high density diffusion tensor and anatomic 3D images with a high-field 3 Tesla resonator. The nerves were located in all cases studied. The obtained images were post-processed to perform tractography and FA was measured in 20 nerves. Results: There was correlation of pathological findings between measuring FA and clinical presentation of the patients. Six of the ten patients studied with neurovascular compression at the neuralgia side had decreased FA values compared to contralateral normal range. Two of the ten patients showed bilateral neurovascular compression, but only abnormal values of FA were found at the clinically affected side. In the remaining two patients no neurovascular compression was determined; however the FA was lower at the clinical manifestation neuralgic side. Conclusión: The performing of high density anisotropic diffusion and the measurement of the FA may be useful in the evaluation of Trigeminal neuralgia, since it is a safe and reproducible method that allows the study of nerve function.(AU)

Neuralgia del trigémino: estudio funcional mediante tensor de difusión de alta densidad como herramienta diagnóstica / Trigeminal Neuralgia: functional study using high density diffusion tensor imaging as a diagnostic tool

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente artículo es demostrar la alteración de la fracción de anisotropía (FA) en la neuralgia esencial del trigémino (NET). Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron 10 pacientes con diagnóstico de neuralgia esencial del trigémino mediante secuencias de tensor de difusión de alta densidad e imágenes anatómicas 3D en un resonador de alto campo 3 Tesla. En todos los casos se localizaron los nervios. Las imágenes obtenidas se posprocesaron para realizar la tractografía y medir la FA en 20 nervios. Resultados: Se correlacionaron los hallazgos patológicos entre la medición de la FA y la clínica de los pacientes. De los 10 casos, 6 presentaron compresión neurovascular de lado con neuralgia y un valor de FA descendido con respecto al contralateral en rango normal; mientras que 2 mostraron compresión neurovascular bilateral, pero solo descenso del valor de FA del lado afectado clínicamente. En los otros 2 pacientes no se determinó compresión neurovascular, aunque en el lado con manifestación clínica neurálgica la FA se encontraba descendida. Conclusión: La realización de la difusión anisotrópica de alta densidad y la medición de la FA pueden ser una herramienta en la evaluación de la neuralgia esencial del trigémino, ya que es un método reproducible y seguro que permite estudiar la función del nervio.

Objective: The objective of this article is to demonstrate the alteration of the anisotropy factor (FA) in essential trigeminal neuralgia. Materials and methods: Ten patients with essential trigeminal neuralgia were studied with sequences of high density diffusion tensor and anatomic 3D images with a high-field 3 Tesla resonator. The nerves were located in all cases studied. The obtained images were post-processed to perform tractography and FA was measured in 20 nerves. Results: There was correlation of pathological findings between measuring FA and clinical presentation of the patients. Six of the ten patients studied with neurovascular compression at the neuralgia side had decreased FA values compared to contralateral normal range. Two of the ten patients showed bilateral neurovascular compression, but only abnormal values of FA were found at the clinically affected side. In the remaining two patients no neurovascular compression was determined; however the FA was lower at the clinical manifestation neuralgic side. Conclusión: The performing of high density anisotropic diffusion and the measurement of the FA may be useful in the evaluation of Trigeminal neuralgia, since it is a safe and reproducible method that allows the study of nerve function.

Mouse models for the study of postnatal cardiac hypertrophy.

The main objective of this study was to create a postnatal model for cardiac hypertrophy (CH), in order to explain the mechanisms that are present in childhood cardiac hypertrophy. Five days after implantation, intraperitoneal (IP) isoproterenol (ISO) was injected for 7 days to pregnant female mice. The fetuses were obtained at 15, 17 and 19 dpc from both groups, also newborns (NB), neonates (7-15 days) and young adults (6 weeks of age). Histopathological exams were done on the hearts. Immunohistochemistry and western blot demonstrated GATA4 and PCNA protein expression, qPCR real time the mRNA of adrenergic receptors (α-AR and ß-AR), alpha and beta myosins (α-MHC, ß-MHC) and GATA4. After the administration of ISO, there was no change in the number of offsprings. We observed significant structural changes in the size of the offspring hearts. Morphometric analysis revealed an increase in the size of the left ventricular wall and interventricular septum (IVS). Histopathological analysis demonstrated loss of cellular compaction and presence of left ventricular small fibrous foci after birth. Adrenergic receptors might be responsible for changing a physiological into a pathological hypertrophy. However GATA4 seemed to be the determining factor in the pathology. A new animal model was established for the study of pathologic CH in early postnatal stages.

Achados bioquímicos, eletrolíticos e hormonais de cabras acometidas com toxemia da prenhez / Biochemical, electrolytic and hormonal findings in goats affected with pregnancy toxemia

A abrangência dos estudos sobre a toxemia da prenhez (TP) tem sido constante e inovadora em alguns conceitos, porém o estudo dos casos clínicos naturais em cabras é inexistente no Brasil. Diante disso, realizou-se análise das alterações clínicas, do perfil bioquímico, eletrolítico e hormonal com o objetivo de compreender a fisiopatogenia da enfermidade. Foram avaliadas 22 cabras atendidas na Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns/UFRPE, diagnosticadas com TP, no período de 2007 a 2012. Realizou-se exame clínico e coleta de sangue e urina, para análise do perfil bioquímico e hormonal. Acentuadas alterações clínicas foram observadas, como decúbito, apatia, dispneia, aumento da temperatura corpórea, mucosas congestas, vasos episclerais injetados, desidratação, anorexia, hipomotilidade ou atonia ruminal, edema nos membros. Os resultados laboratoriais revelaram valores elevados para ureia, creatinina, ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE), β-hidroxibutirato, amilase e cortisol, enquanto as variáveis: proteína total, albumina, cálcio total, cálcio ionizado, fósforo, a relação cálcio e fósforo, sódio e insulina encontraram-se diminuídos. Outros parâmetros bioquímicos e eletrolíticos, como frutosamina, globulina, cloro, potássio e magnésio mantiveram-se dentro da faixa de normalidade. Quanto a glicemia, foram constatados três condições nas cabras com TP, normoglicêmicas (50%), hiperglicêmicas (27,28%) e hipoglicêmicas (22,72%). Dos 17 (77,27%) animais que obtiveram alta 10 (58,82%) eram normoglicêmicos. Vieram a óbito 22,8 % (5/22), no qual 60% (3/5) delas estavam hiperglicêmicas. A média de nascimento por cabra foi superior a duas crias. Verificou-se existir associação fortemente positiva dos AGNE's com a albumina (r=0,60), fraca com o β-hidroxibutirato (r=0,10) e glicose (r=0,03). Porém, existiu relação fortemente negativa dos AGNE's com a insulina (r= -0,70), moderada com o cortisol (r= -0,52) e amilase (r= -0,30). Marcadas alterações clínicas e metabólicas ...

Studies on pregnancy toxemia (PT) have been constant and innovative with regard to some concepts. However, no studies have been carried out on natural clinical cases in Brazil. Thus, the aim of the present study was to perform an analysis of clinical, biochemical, electrolytic and hormonal findings in goats with PT to gain an understanding of the physiopathology of this metabolic disease. Twenty-two goats with a diagnosis of PT were analyzed at the Bovine Clinic of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (Garanhuns Campus, Brazil) between 2007 and 2012. Clinical exams were performed and both blood and urine were collected for the biochemical and hormonal analyses. Accentuated clinical changes were found, such as decubitus, apathy, dyspnea, increased body temperature, congested mucous membranes, dilated episcleral vessels, dehydration, anorexia, ruminal stasis and edema in the limbs. The laboratory findings revealed high concentrations of urea, creatinine, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, amylase and cortisol as well as reductions in total proteins, albumin, total calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus the calcium to phosphorus ratio, sodium and insulin. Fructosamine, globulin, chlorine, potassium and magnesium were within the range of normality. Regarding blood sugar, 50% of the goats were within the normal range, 27.28% were hyperglycemic and 22.72% were hypoglycemic; among the 17 animals (77.27%) discharged with life, ten (58.82%) had normal blood sugar levels. Five goats (22.8%) died, 60% (3/5) of which were hyperglycemic. The mean birth rate per goat was more than two offspring. Non-esterified fatty acids were strongly associated with albumin (r = 0.60) and weakly associated with both β-hydroxybutyrate (r=0.10) and glucose (r=0.03). Moreover, non-esterified fatty acids were negatively associated with insulin (r= -0.70; strong association), cortisol (r= -0.52; moderate association) and amylase (r= -0.30; moderate association)...

Achados bioquímicos, eletrolíticos e hormonais de cabras acometidas com toxemia da prenhez / Biochemical, electrolytic and hormonal findings in goats affected with pregnancy toxemia

A abrangência dos estudos sobre a toxemia da prenhez (TP) tem sido constante e inovadora em alguns conceitos, porém o estudo dos casos clínicos naturais em cabras é inexistente no Brasil. Diante disso, realizou-se análise das alterações clínicas, do perfil bioquímico, eletrolítico e hormonal com o objetivo de compreender a fisiopatogenia da enfermidade. Foram avaliadas 22 cabras atendidas na Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns/UFRPE, diagnosticadas com TP, no período de 2007 a 2012. Realizou-se exame clínico e coleta de sangue e urina, para análise do perfil bioquímico e hormonal. Acentuadas alterações clínicas foram observadas, como decúbito, apatia, dispneia, aumento da temperatura corpórea, mucosas congestas, vasos episclerais injetados, desidratação, anorexia, hipomotilidade ou atonia ruminal, edema nos membros. Os resultados laboratoriais revelaram valores elevados para ureia, creatinina, ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE), β-hidroxibutirato, amilase e cortisol, enquanto as variáveis: proteína total, albumina, cálcio total, cálcio ionizado, fósforo, a relação cálcio e fósforo, sódio e insulina encontraram-se diminuídos. Outros parâmetros bioquímicos e eletrolíticos, como frutosamina, globulina, cloro, potássio e magnésio mantiveram-se dentro da faixa de normalidade. Quanto a glicemia, foram constatados três condições nas cabras com TP, normoglicêmicas (50%), hiperglicêmicas (27,28%) e hipoglicêmicas (22,72%). Dos 17 (77,27%) animais que obtiveram alta 10 (58,82%) eram normoglicêmicos. Vieram a óbito 22,8 % (5/22), no qual 60% (3/5) delas estavam hiperglicêmicas. A média de nascimento por cabra foi superior a duas crias. Verificou-se existir associação fortemente positiva dos AGNE's com a albumina (r=0,60), fraca com o β-hidroxibutirato (r=0,10) e glicose (r=0,03). Porém, existiu relação fortemente negativa dos AGNE's com a insulina (r= -0,70), moderada com o cortisol (r= -0,52) e amilase (r= -0,30). Marcadas alterações clínicas e metabólicas são observadas em cabras com TP, em que o aumento de certos metabólitos do perfil energético e hormonal se torna importante ferramenta para o diagnóstico e constitui um bom instrumento para avaliar a magnitude da condição clínica dos animais enfermos. Os dados encontrados servem de referência para estudos sobre nutrição e metabolismo em cabras com TP. (AU)

Studies on pregnancy toxemia (PT) have been constant and innovative with regard to some concepts. However, no studies have been carried out on natural clinical cases in Brazil. Thus, the aim of the present study was to perform an analysis of clinical, biochemical, electrolytic and hormonal findings in goats with PT to gain an understanding of the physiopathology of this metabolic disease. Twenty-two goats with a diagnosis of PT were analyzed at the Bovine Clinic of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (Garanhuns Campus, Brazil) between 2007 and 2012. Clinical exams were performed and both blood and urine were collected for the biochemical and hormonal analyses. Accentuated clinical changes were found, such as decubitus, apathy, dyspnea, increased body temperature, congested mucous membranes, dilated episcleral vessels, dehydration, anorexia, ruminal stasis and edema in the limbs. The laboratory findings revealed high concentrations of urea, creatinine, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, amylase and cortisol as well as reductions in total proteins, albumin, total calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus the calcium to phosphorus ratio, sodium and insulin. Fructosamine, globulin, chlorine, potassium and magnesium were within the range of normality. Regarding blood sugar, 50% of the goats were within the normal range, 27.28% were hyperglycemic and 22.72% were hypoglycemic; among the 17 animals (77.27%) discharged with life, ten (58.82%) had normal blood sugar levels. Five goats (22.8%) died, 60% (3/5) of which were hyperglycemic. The mean birth rate per goat was more than two offspring. Non-esterified fatty acids were strongly associated with albumin (r = 0.60) and weakly associated with both β-hydroxybutyrate (r=0.10) and glucose (r=0.03). Moreover, non-esterified fatty acids were negatively associated with insulin (r= -0.70; strong association), cortisol (r= -0.52; moderate association) and amylase (r= -0.30; moderate association). Striking clinical and metabolic alterations are found in goats with PT. The increase in certain metabolites of the energy and hormonal profile constitutes an important tool for the diagnosis and determination of the magnitude of the clinical condition in affected animals. The present data can serve as reference for future studies on nutrition and metabolism in goats with pregnancy toxemia. (AU)

Identificación prequirúrgica de pares craneales en tumores de la base del cráneo mediante la técnica de tensor de difusión / Diffusion tensor technique as a preoperative identification of cranial nerves in skull base tumors

Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar la utilidad de las técnicas de tensor de difusión de alta densidad (DTI 32 direcciones) para visualizar el trayecto de los pares craneales antes de la cirugía en pacientes con patología tumoral de la base del cráneo. Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron 26 pacientes con patología tumoral de la base del cráneo con secuencias de tensor de difusión de alta densidad. Los resultados imagenológicos fueron correlacionados con los hallazgos intraoperatorios. Resultados: En todos los pacientes estudiados fue posible la identificación prequirúrgica del recorrido de los nervios involucrados por las lesiones de la base del cráneo y también hubo una correlación entre los datos obtenidos mediante las imágenes y los hallazgos intraoperatorios. Conclusión: La visualización del recorrido de los nervios craneales mediante la difusión de alta densidad demostró ser segura y reproducible para identificar los pares y su recorrido...

Objective: The objective of this work is to demonstrate the usefulness of high density diffusion tensor imaging techniques (HD-DTI 32 directions), to visualize the course of the cranial nerves prior to surgery in patients with skull base tumor disease.Materials and methods: Twenty-six patients with skull base tumor disease were studied with sequences of high density diffusion tensor imaging. The imaging results were correlated with the intra-operative fi ndings.Results: Pre-surgical identifi cation of the course of the nerves affected by the injuries of the skull base was possible in all the studied patients, with the imaging results correlating with the intraoperative fi ndings.Conclusion: The visualization of the course of the cranial nerves with high density diffusion tensor imaging was shown to be safe and reproducible for the identifi cation of cranial nerves and their course...

Identificación prequirúrgica de pares craneales en tumores de la base del cráneo mediante la técnica de tensor de difusión

Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar la utilidad de las técnicas de tensor de difusión de alta densidad (DTI 32 direcciones) para visualizar el trayecto de los pares craneales antes de la cirugía en pacientes con patología tumoral de la base del cráneo. Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron 26 pacientes con patología tumoral de la base del cráneo con secuencias de tensor de difusión de alta densidad. Los resultados imagenológicos fueron correlacionados con los hallazgos intraoperatorios. Resultados: En todos los pacientes estudiados fue posible la identificación prequirúrgica del recorrido de los nervios involucrados por las lesiones de la base del cráneo y también hubo una correlación entre los datos obtenidos mediante las imágenes y los hallazgos intraoperatorios. Conclusión: La visualización del recorrido de los nervios craneales mediante la difusión de alta densidad demostró ser segura y reproducible para identificar los pares y su recorrido.(AU)

Objective: The objective of this work is to demonstrate the usefulness of high density diffusion tensor imaging techniques (HD-DTI 32 directions), to visualize the course of the cranial nerves prior to surgery in patients with skull base tumor disease. Materials and methods: Twenty-six patients with skull base tumor disease were studied with sequences of high density diffusion tensor imaging. The imaging results were correlated with the intra-operative fi ndings. Results: Pre-surgical identifi cation of the course of the nerves affected by the injuries of the skull base was possible in all the studied patients, with the imaging results correlating with the intraoperative fi ndings. Conclusion: The visualization of the course of the cranial nerves with high density diffusion tensor imaging was shown to be safe and reproducible for the identifi cation of cranial nerves and their course.(AU)

Indicadores bioquímicos e hormonais de casos naturais de toxemia da prenhez em ovelhas / Biochemical and hormonal indicators of natural cases of pregnancy toxaemia of in sheep

Toxemia da prenhez é considerada um transtor-acordo com a resolução clínica dos animais, alta hospitano metabólico de grande impacto econômico na produção lar (G1) e aqueles que morreram (G2). A manifestação cli-de ovinos, porém as particularidades de repercussão sis-nica da doença foi observada no período do pré-parto em têmicas deste distúrbio ainda são pouco esclarecedoras. O 100 por cento dos animais, destes 66,2 por cento (n=51) receberam alta presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o perfil bioquí-clínica e 33,8 por cento (n=26) morreram. Dos casos de toxemia mico e hormonal de 77 ovelhas com diagnóstico clínico de da prenhez estudados havia gestação múltipla em 55,8 por cento. toxemia da penhez e comparar os achados laboratoriais de Dentre os parâmetros estudados, cortisol, uréia, AST e CK estavam mais elevados no G2 em relação ao G1 com diferenças significativas (P0,05). Não ocorreram alterações nas taxas de colesterol e triglicerídios. Houve redução nos índices da insulina, não havendo diferenças entre G1 e G2 (P>0,05). Todas as ovelhas apresentaram cetonúria e acidúria.(AU)

Toxemia of pregnancy is a metabolic disorder with considerable economic impact on the production of sheep. However, the particularities of the systemic repercussion of the disorder have not yet been fully clarified. The aim of the present study was to assess the biochemical and hormonal profile of 77 ewes with a clinical diagnosis of toxemia of pregnancy and to compare the laboratory findings based on the clinical outcome: discharge (G1) or death (G2). The clinical manifestation of the disease was observed in the pre-birth period in 100 percent of the ewes, from which 66.2 percent (n=51) were discharged and 33.8 percent (n=26) died. A total of 55,8 percent of the cases were of multiple pregnancies.. Considering the parameters analyzed, cortisol, urea, AST and CK were significantly higher in G2 in comparison to G1 (p<0.05). An increase was found in the concentration of plasma glucose, fructosamine, albumin, creatinine, ß-hydroxybutyrate, non-esterified fatty acids and L-lactate, with no statistically significant differences between groups (p>0.05). No changes were found in cholesterol or triglycerides. A reduction in insulin levels was found, with no statistically significant difference between groups (p>0.05). All ewes exhibited ketonuria and aciduria.(AU)

Indicadores bioquímicos e hormonais de casos naturais de toxemia da prenhez em ovelhas / Biochemical and hormonal indicators of natural cases of pregnancy toxaemia of in sheep

Toxemia da prenhez é considerada um transtor-acordo com a resolução clínica dos animais, alta hospitano metabólico de grande impacto econômico na produção lar (G1) e aqueles que morreram (G2). A manifestação cli-de ovinos, porém as particularidades de repercussão sis-nica da doença foi observada no período do pré-parto em têmicas deste distúrbio ainda são pouco esclarecedoras. O 100 por cento dos animais, destes 66,2 por cento (n=51) receberam alta presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o perfil bioquí-clínica e 33,8 por cento (n=26) morreram. Dos casos de toxemia mico e hormonal de 77 ovelhas com diagnóstico clínico de da prenhez estudados havia gestação múltipla em 55,8 por cento. toxemia da penhez e comparar os achados laboratoriais de Dentre os parâmetros estudados, cortisol, uréia, AST e CK estavam mais elevados no G2 em relação ao G1 com diferenças significativas (P0,05). Não ocorreram alterações nas taxas de colesterol e triglicerídios. Houve redução nos índices da insulina, não havendo diferenças entre G1 e G2 (P>0,05). Todas as ovelhas apresentaram cetonúria e acidúria.

Toxemia of pregnancy is a metabolic disorder with considerable economic impact on the production of sheep. However, the particularities of the systemic repercussion of the disorder have not yet been fully clarified. The aim of the present study was to assess the biochemical and hormonal profile of 77 ewes with a clinical diagnosis of toxemia of pregnancy and to compare the laboratory findings based on the clinical outcome: discharge (G1) or death (G2). The clinical manifestation of the disease was observed in the pre-birth period in 100 percent of the ewes, from which 66.2 percent (n=51) were discharged and 33.8 percent (n=26) died. A total of 55,8 percent of the cases were of multiple pregnancies.. Considering the parameters analyzed, cortisol, urea, AST and CK were significantly higher in G2 in comparison to G1 (p<0.05). An increase was found in the concentration of plasma glucose, fructosamine, albumin, creatinine, ß-hydroxybutyrate, non-esterified fatty acids and L-lactate, with no statistically significant differences between groups (p>0.05). No changes were found in cholesterol or triglycerides. A reduction in insulin levels was found, with no statistically significant difference between groups (p>0.05). All ewes exhibited ketonuria and aciduria.

Linfossarcoma em bovinos no Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco / Lymphosarcoma in cattle from the hinterland of Pernambuco state

Neste trabalho são descritos os sinais clínicos, patologia clínica e patologia de 24 bovinos com leucose bovina enzoótica atendidos na Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Esses casos representaram 0,5 por cento de 4.758 bovinos atendidos entre os anos de 2000 e 2010. A doença afetou 22 (91,7 por cento) fêmeas e dois machos. Vinte e um animais (87,5 por cento) eram de raças leiteras (seis Holandês, 13 Girolando, um Jersey e um Pardo Suíça) e três (12,5 por cento) eram da raça Nelore. Vinte e três animais (95,8 por cento) tinham idade entre 3 e 8 anos e um era mais jovem. Todos eram criados em regime de confinamento ou semi-confinamento. Clinicamente todos os animais apresentaram aumento dos linfonodos superficias. Outros sinais frequentes foram hiporexia, diminuição da produção de leite, emagrecimento progressivo, escore corporal baixo, desidratação, hipomotilidade dos pré-estômagos e fezes alteradas e em pouca quantidade. Com menor frequência foram observados exoftalmia, dispneia e aumento de volume do útero. No leucograma foi constatada leucocitose média de 34.082/µL, com linfocitose de 21.814/µL e neutrofilia de 10.906/µL. Treze animais foram necropsiados e os demais foram enviados pelos proprietários para o abate. Dos treze animais abatidos todos apresentaram lesões nos linfonodos superficiais, seis nos linfonodos mesentéricos, seis no intestino, três no abomaso, um no coração, um no fígado, um no rúmen, um no útero e um no rim. Diante da importância desta enfermidade e dos prejuízos causados pela mesma é necessário alertar produtores sobre os cuidados a serem tomados durante a aquisição de animais, assim como da necessidade de implantar medidas que evitem a difusão da doença entre as fazendas.(AU)

The article reports epidemiological data, clinical signs, and laboratory and pathological findings in 24 cattle with enzootic bovine leukosis observed in the Clinic of Garanhuns, at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco. The 24 cases represented 0.5 percent of 4,758 cattle examined from 2000 to 2010. The disease affected 22 (91.7 percent) females and two males. Twenty one of the animals were dairy (six Holstein, 13 girolando, one Brown Swiss and one Jersey), and three were for meat production (Nelore). Twenty three animals were 3-8 years of age and one was younger. All were raised in confinement or semi-confinement. All animals showed enlarged superficial lymph nodes. Other frequent clinical signs were hyporexia, decreased milk production, progressive weight loss, dehydration, hypomotility of the fore stomachs, and altered scant feces. Exophthalmia, dyspnea, and enlarged uterus were observed with less frequency. Leukocytosis (mean of 34,082 leukocytes/µL) with lymphocytosis (21,814 lymphocytes/µL) and neutrophilia (10,906lymphocytes/µL) was observed in the white blood count. Thirteen bovines were necropsied and 11 were slaughtered. Gross lesions were observed on the superficial lymph nodes of all animals necropsied. Six had lesions in the mesenteric lymph nodes, six in the gut, three in the abomasum, two in the uterus, one in the heart, one in the rumen, one in heart, and one in the liver. Due to the importance of enzootic bovine leukosis it is necessary for the farmers to introduce animals free of the disease and to establish a strict health policy for its control.(AU)

Linfossarcoma em bovinos no Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco / Lymphosarcoma in cattle from the hinterland of Pernambuco state

Neste trabalho são descritos os sinais clínicos, patologia clínica e patologia de 24 bovinos com leucose bovina enzoótica atendidos na Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Esses casos representaram 0,5 por cento de 4.758 bovinos atendidos entre os anos de 2000 e 2010. A doença afetou 22 (91,7 por cento) fêmeas e dois machos. Vinte e um animais (87,5 por cento) eram de raças leiteras (seis Holandês, 13 Girolando, um Jersey e um Pardo Suíça) e três (12,5 por cento) eram da raça Nelore. Vinte e três animais (95,8 por cento) tinham idade entre 3 e 8 anos e um era mais jovem. Todos eram criados em regime de confinamento ou semi-confinamento. Clinicamente todos os animais apresentaram aumento dos linfonodos superficias. Outros sinais frequentes foram hiporexia, diminuição da produção de leite, emagrecimento progressivo, escore corporal baixo, desidratação, hipomotilidade dos pré-estômagos e fezes alteradas e em pouca quantidade. Com menor frequência foram observados exoftalmia, dispneia e aumento de volume do útero. No leucograma foi constatada leucocitose média de 34.082/µL, com linfocitose de 21.814/µL e neutrofilia de 10.906/µL. Treze animais foram necropsiados e os demais foram enviados pelos proprietários para o abate. Dos treze animais abatidos todos apresentaram lesões nos linfonodos superficiais, seis nos linfonodos mesentéricos, seis no intestino, três no abomaso, um no coração, um no fígado, um no rúmen, um no útero e um no rim. Diante da importância desta enfermidade e dos prejuízos causados pela mesma é necessário alertar produtores sobre os cuidados a serem tomados durante a aquisição de animais, assim como da necessidade de implantar medidas que evitem a difusão da doença entre as fazendas.

The article reports epidemiological data, clinical signs, and laboratory and pathological findings in 24 cattle with enzootic bovine leukosis observed in the Clinic of Garanhuns, at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco. The 24 cases represented 0.5 percent of 4,758 cattle examined from 2000 to 2010. The disease affected 22 (91.7 percent) females and two males. Twenty one of the animals were dairy (six Holstein, 13 girolando, one Brown Swiss and one Jersey), and three were for meat production (Nelore). Twenty three animals were 3-8 years of age and one was younger. All were raised in confinement or semi-confinement. All animals showed enlarged superficial lymph nodes. Other frequent clinical signs were hyporexia, decreased milk production, progressive weight loss, dehydration, hypomotility of the fore stomachs, and altered scant feces. Exophthalmia, dyspnea, and enlarged uterus were observed with less frequency. Leukocytosis (mean of 34,082 leukocytes/µL) with lymphocytosis (21,814 lymphocytes/µL) and neutrophilia (10,906lymphocytes/µL) was observed in the white blood count. Thirteen bovines were necropsied and 11 were slaughtered. Gross lesions were observed on the superficial lymph nodes of all animals necropsied. Six had lesions in the mesenteric lymph nodes, six in the gut, three in the abomasum, two in the uterus, one in the heart, one in the rumen, one in heart, and one in the liver. Due to the importance of enzootic bovine leukosis it is necessary for the farmers to introduce animals free of the disease and to establish a strict health policy for its control.