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1.
Salud Publica Mex ; 57(4): 304-11, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26395795

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: In 2009, 4 749 rapid HIV tests were run in Morelos, Mexico, despite lacking evidence on their results. This article seeks to analyze how public health organization relates to utility of rapid HIV test among healthcare users. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Joint study: comparison of differences in applied test and positive results for each group with the Bonferroni statistical tool, observational study in 34 health subsystems, and 11 interviews with public healthcare users. RESULTS: Each subsystem processes influenced the use and usefulness of screening; for instance, primary care centers test only pregnant women and exclude men who have sex with men (MSM). That group shows significant differences (p<0.007) in the HIV-positive test with respect to other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the availability of rapid detection tests and epidemiological evidence, the way public health services are organized impedes an efficient diagnosis in the group with higher risk, namely MSM. The distribution of rapid HIV tests was guided by stigmatization.


Subject(s)
AIDS Serodiagnosis/methods , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Health Services Accessibility , Healthcare Disparities , Mass Screening/methods , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Public Health Practice/statistics & numerical data , Vulnerable Populations , AIDS Serodiagnosis/statistics & numerical data , Early Diagnosis , Female , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Seropositivity , Humans , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Prejudice , Prisoners , Sexual Behavior , Social Stigma , Time Factors
2.
Salud pública Méx ; 57(4): 304-311, jul.-ago. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-760507

ABSTRACT

Objective. In 2009, 4 749 rapid HIV tests were run in Morelos, Mexico, despite lacking evidence on their results. This article seeks to analyze how public health organization relates to utility of rapid HIV test among healthcare users. Materials and methods. Joint study: comparison of differences in applied test and positive results for each group with the Bonferroni statistical tool, observational study in 34 health subsystems, and 11 interviews with public healthcare users. Results. Each subsystem processes influenced the use and usefulness of screening; for instance, primary care centers test only pregnant women and exclude men who have sex with men (MSM). That group shows significant differences (p<0.007) in the HIV-positive test with respect to other groups. Conclusions. Despite the availability of rapid detection tests and epidemiological evidence, the way public health services are organized impedes an efficient diagnosis in the group with higher risk, namely MSM. The distribution of rapid HIV tests was guided by stigmatization.


Objetivo. En 2009, 4 749 pruebas rápidas de detección de VIH fueron aplicadas en Morelos, México, sin evidencias de resultados. Se hace necesario analizar la distribución de estas pruebas y las consecuencias que la organización de los servicios de salud tuvo para el diagnóstico del VIH en las poblaciones clave. Material y métodos. Estudio mixto: comparación de diferencias en pruebas aplicadas y casos diagnosticados en grupos mediante la técnica de Bonferroni, observaciones en 34 subsistemas de salud y 11 entrevistas a usuarios. Resultados. Los procesos de cada subsistema incidieron en la utilización y utilidad del tamizaje: se focalizó en mujeres embarazadas y se excluyó a grupos en mayor riesgo (p<0.007) en hombres que tienen sexo con otros hombres (HSH). Conclusiones. A pesar de la disponibilidad de las pruebas y de información epidemiológica, la organización de los servicios impidió una mayor captación de HSH. La estigmatización influyó en las formas de distribuirlas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , AIDS Serodiagnosis/methods , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Public Health Practice/statistics & numerical data , Mass Screening/methods , Vulnerable Populations , Healthcare Disparities , Health Services Accessibility , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Prejudice , Prisoners , Sexual Behavior , Time Factors , AIDS Serodiagnosis/statistics & numerical data , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Seropositivity , Early Diagnosis , Social Stigma , Mexico/epidemiology
3.
Medisan ; 16(7): 1154-1158, jul. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-644716

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso clínico de una anciana de 85 años de edad, de la raza negra, quien acudió a la consulta de Cirugía del Hospital General "Joseph N. France" de Saint Kitts y Nevis, con lesión nodular en el cuadrante superointerno de la mama izquierda. Los hallazgos anatomopatológicos confirmaron el diagnóstico de un carcinoma secretor en dicha mama.


The case report of a 85 year-old woman of the black race who visited the Surgery Department of "Joseph N. France" General Hospital from Saint Kitts and Nevis, with a nodular lesion in the upper inner quadrant of her left breast is presented. The pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of a secreting carcinoma in the breast.

4.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Bogotá) ; 59(1): 34-41, ene.-mar. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-636935

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes. No se cuenta con un estudio previo que permita evaluar la formación del residente de cirugía general en un hospital enfocado al trauma. Objetivo. Evaluar el papel que desempeña el trauma abdominal penetrante en la formación del residente de cirugía general. Material y métodos. Pacientes con trauma abdominal penetrante durante un año. Las variables analizadas fueron: causa de la lesión, tipo de laparotomía, rol desempeñado por el residente ayudante/cirujano, órganos lesionados, tratamiento establecido, complicaciones y mortalidad. Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Análisis con porcentajes como medidas de resumen y Chi cuadrado de Pearson para obtener la diferencia significativa. Resultados. 203 pacientes sometidos a laparotomía, 109 heridas por arma de fuego y 105 por arma blanca. Se realizaron 139 laparotomías terapéuticas, 49 no terapéuticas y 15 cirugías de control de daño. 24 fueron por residente de primer año, 85 por los de segundo año y en 94 actuaron los de tercer año. De 272 lesiones, 184 lo fueron en víscera hueca, 78 en órgano sólido y 10 lesiones vasculares; se tuvieron 28 complicaciones postquirúrgicas, siendo las más comunes sepsis (8 pacientes) y cinco infecciones del sitio quirúrgico. Conclusiones. Durante la formación del cirujano es importante el desarrollo de las habilidades técnicas en la sala de operaciones y el manejo integral del paciente con trauma abdominal desde su ingreso a la sala de urgencias. No se han establecidos parámetros claros en cuanto al número de pacientes que deben ser evaluados ni el número de procedimientos quirúrgicos que se deben realizar durante la formación un residente.


Background. Prior studies could not be found for evaluating general surgery residency training in a hospital focusing on trauma. Objective. Evaluating the role of penetrating abdominal trauma in general surgery residency training. Materials and methods. Patients suffering from penetrating abdominal trauma over the course of a year. The variables analysed were cause of the lesion, type of laparotomy, the role played by the resident assistant / surgeon, damaged organs, established treatment, complications and mortality. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Analysis was done with percentages as means of summary and Pearson’s chi-square test for obtaining significant differences. Results. 203 patients underwent laparotomy, 109 were wounded by firearms and 105 had knife wounds. 139 therapeutic laparotomies were performed, 49 nontherapeutic ones and 15 damage-control surgeries. 24 were attended by first-year residents, 85 by second-year ones and 94 by residents in their third year. 184 of the 272 wounds were in hollow viscera, 78 in solid organs and 10 were vascular wounds; 28 post-surgical complications occurred, the most common ones being sepsis (8 patients) and surgical site infection (5 cases). Conclusions. An important part of a surgeon’s training concerns acquiring technical abilities in the operating room and the integral management of patients suffering abdominal trauma from the time of their being admitted to the emergency room. Clear parameters have not been established regarding the number of patients who should be evaluated or the number of surgical procedures which must be performed during a resident’s formation.

5.
Rev. méd. Inst. Peru. Segur. Soc ; 3(3): 17-20, jul.-sept. 1994. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-163590

ABSTRACT

Los autores, hacen un estudio en 74 especímenes donde realizan mediciones de las impresiones óseas venosas en la fosa posterior, poniendo atención en el seno trasverso derecho e izquierdo, el ancho de los mismos y las distancias desde la protuberancia occipital interna al borde posterior del agujero occipital en su línea media, se presentan las variaciones anatómicas encontradas y algunos hallazgos especiales y se subraya la importancia de la misma en la cirugía de la fosa posterior.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cranial Fossa, Posterior/anatomy & histology , Occipital Bone/anatomy & histology , Cephalometry
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