Nasal meningioma: report of one case and review.

A case of primary nasal meningioma in a 69-year-old women is described. The pathologic, radiologic and clinical characteristics are described. A summary of previously published articles on the subject is given.

Apolipoprotein D in the aging brain and in Alzheimer's dementia.

Apolipoprotein D (apoD) levels were examined in the temporal cortex as well as an assessment of the location of apoD positive cells within the brain by immunohistochemical and biochemical methods in young control (YC), aged control (AC), and Alzheimer's demented (AD) probands. Scattered apoD positive astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were found throughout the white matter by immunohistochemistry. ApoD immunoreactivity was also observed in the cerebellar oligodendrocytes of the YC group. There was faint positive apoD staining in scattered cortical astrocytes and a few neurons in the same group. In contrast, some of the AC and all of the AD probands had intense and frequent apoD immunostained cortical astrocytes and pyramidal neurons. The cortical senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles were apoD immunonegative. No quantitative differences were found between the cortical apoD levels in the AC and AD groups, determined by immunoblotting. ApoD detected in the brain tissue was different in molecular weight (29 kDal) from that seen in CSF or in the serum (32 kDal). Our results indicate apoD is present in the human brain, especially in glial cells, and has increased abundance in the elderly and AD subjects.

Hiring without firing.

Hiring executives has always been a daunting task--and today's economy makes it tougher than ever. The global scope and breakneck pace of business, the shrinking supply of job candidates, and the constant shift of organizational structures have increased the stakes exponentially; one wrong hire can quickly derail a company. Yet recent studies indicate that between 30% and 50% of executive-level hires end in firings or resignations. What makes hiring go wrong so often? And how can executives substantially improve the outcome of the process? This article provides some surprising answers to those questions. Fernández-Araóz presents ten common hiring traps and many real-world examples of how those traps have scuttled business plans in a variety of industries worldwide. A large consumer goods company, for instance, slipped into the delegation gaffe trap when it handed over the screening and interviewing process to a mismatched team of managers that had an agenda different from the CEO's. And the ignoring emotional intelligence trap tripped up a U.S. telecommunications company that hired a CEO with a great track record--only to fire him less than a year later when his lack of cross-cultural social skills was discovered. Hiring well is a strategy-perhaps an organization's most important one, the author says. To sidestep the hiring traps, he suggests ways to systematically assess the company's needs and to determine how those needs mesh with the open job description--before candidates walk through the door. Fernández-Araóz's search strategy incites managers with hiring responsibilities to be creative, determined, and courageous when embarking on a candidate search.

Prueba mejorada para el diagnóstico serológico de Tuberculosis / It tests impoved for the serologic diagnostic of the tuberculosis

El diagnóstico serológico de la tuberculosis es una prioridad en salud a nivel nacional por las condiciones socio-económicas del país y de la enfermedad misma. Las pruebas serológicas diseñadas tanto a nivel nacional como internacional no reúnen las condiciones necesarias de sensibilidad especificidad y valor predictivo del método, dentro los parámetros adecuados. Frecuentemente se encuentra superposición de datos entre población normal sensibilizada y pacientes con la enfermedad activa, haciéndose difícil la discriminación. Con el propósito de mejorar la especificidad del antígeno se procedió a una purificación de PPD, pero esta vez se utilizó un derivado proteico purificado obtenido de un cultivo de la cepa 1077 de Mycobacterium tuberculosis bovis (Vacuna liofilizada Pasteur Merieux) preparado en SELADIS, por cromatografía de afinidad. Se estandarizó la prueba de ELISA indirecto (no competitivo) previa titulación de los inmunoreactantes. Los resultados obtenidos son alentadores, pues se ha incrementado el valor predictivo positivo, que tal vez sea uno de los principales problemas en éste caso, es decir la obtención de valores falsos negativos

Brain interleukin 1 and S-100 immunoreactivity are elevated in Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease.

Interleukin 1, an immune response-generated cytokine that stimulates astrocyte proliferation and reactivity (astrogliosis), was present in up to 30 times as many glial cells in tissue sections of brain from patients with Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease compared with age-matched control subjects. Most interleukin 1-immunoreactive glia in Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease were classified as microglia. The number of interleukin 1 immunoreactive neurons did not appear to differ in Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease compared with control brain. Numerous temporal lobe astrocytes in Alzheimer disease and postnatal Down syndrome were intensely interleukin 1-, S-100-, and glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactive and had reactive structure. Interleukin 1 levels in Alzheimer disease temporal lobe homogenates were elevated, as were the levels of S-100 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, two proteins reportedly elevated in reactive astrocytes. These data suggest that increased expression of S-100 in Down syndrome, resulting from duplication of the gene on chromosome 21 that encodes the beta subunit of S-100, may be augmented by elevation of interleukin 1. As a corollary, the astrogliosis in Alzheimer disease may be promoted by elevation of interleukin 1.

Malignant extraovarian endometriosis: two case reports and review of the literature.

Two cases of adenocarcinoma arising in extraovarian endometriosis 19 and 8 years following abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy are described. Both patients presented with hydronephrosis. One had been on chronic estrogen therapy. The literature is reviewed in reference to frequency, tumor type, and sites of occurrence.

Gliosarcoma with chromosome abnormalities in a neonate exposed to heptachlor.

A neonate with a cerebral gliosarcoma was found to have chromosome abnormalities in tissue culture of the tumor, but normal karyotyping of peripheral blood. Similarities to and differences from chromosome abnormalities found in other human gliomas are noted. Unusual exposure of the child to heptachlor during prenatal development and the neonatal period suggests the need for further studies on the role of toxins in oncogenesis.

Intraventricular cavernous hemangioma: report of three cases and review of the literature.

The clinical and radiographic presentations of 3 patients with intraventricular cavernous hemangioma are described. The accumulated total of 19 cases from the literature are compared to determine whether there is a common clinical and radiographic presentation for this benign intraventricular lesion. The differential diagnosis of intraventricular cavernous hemangioma includes intraventricular meningioma, choroid plexus papilloma, arteriovenous malformation, low grade astrocytoma, and ependymoma.

Posttherapeutic cerebral radionecrosis: a complication of head and neck tumor therapy.

Patients with treated head and neck cancer may have focal neurologic symptoms and personality changes due to delayed cerebral radionecrosis. A history of past treatment should direct the physician to consider these lesions in the differential diagnosis. Craniotomy is the management recommended. Histopathologic changes include fibrotic response of the meninges with pleomorphic and vacuolated fibroblasts, capillary hyperplasia, reactive astrocytes, and fibrosis of the blood vessels. Amyloid is deposited in the arteriolar walls and extracellular space. Ischemic, autoimmune, or vascular mechanisms, and glial alterations have all been considered in the pathogensis of delayed cerebral radionecrosis. Some researchers have concluded that chemotherapeutic agents, such as methotrexate, may contribute to its production.

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease: biochemical analysis of isolated myelin (electron-microscopy; protein, lipid and unsubstituted fatty acids analysis).

Analysis of myelin from a leukodystrophic brain was performed (Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, classical type). Myelin recovery was 7% of normal, when isolated by ultracentrifugation. Electron microscopy showed a great amount of loose lamellae, with less thick sheaths and periodicity close to normal. This myelin contains fewer lipids than normal, sphingolipids and plasmalogens being reduced. FAtty acids from phospholipids are essentially normal, however enols from plasmalogens are largely reduced. Purified sphingolipids (cerebrosides, sulfatides and sphingomyelin) present a considerable diminution in very long chain fatty acids; the ratio of very long chain fatty acids (over C18) on shorter chains is 1% of the normal value for saturated fatty acids and 2% for the monounsaturated homologues. Protein analysis showed that basic protein and proteolipids were reduced, Wolfgram proteins being relatively increased.

Dermatomyositis: ultrastructure of abnormal mitochondria in the skeletal muscle.

The mitochondrial anomalies observed in the skeletal muscle of a patient with dermatomyositis included paracrystalline inclusions, dense bodies and stacks of lamellae. Virions were not found. These anomalies are similar to those noted in other myopathies.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Inclusion bodies in a case of the classic sporadic form.

Postmortem light and electron microscopic studies of a 52 year old black male who died 17 months after the onset of upper and lower motor neuron signs showed: (1) degeneration of cortico-spinal tracts, (2) loss of spinal neurons and gliosis and (3) cellular inclusions with neurotubules, neurofilaments and granular material. Although these cellular inclusions resemble Lafora bodies, they differ in that, to the authors' knowledge, the latter were not reported to have microtubules. Review of the literature revealed no previous report of these inclusions in cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Tissue cultures of cord, hindbrain and cerebrum did not show cytopathic effect during a three-week observation period.