ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus (AHFPL) has an oblique trajectory from medial to lateral aspect of the forearm below the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle and then joins the flexor pollicis longus muscle. When the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) courses underneath the muscle belly of the AHFPL an entrapment neuropathy may occur, known as anterior interosseous nerve syndrome (AINS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study evaluated 106 fresh upper extremities. When the AHFPL was present, its fascicle was traced up to evaluate the origin site. The morphometric variables were measured using a digital micrometre (Mitutoyo, Japan). The relationship between the AHFLP and the AIN was evaluated. RESULTS: The AHFPL was found in 34 (32.1%) of the 106 forearms. The AHFPL arose from the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle in 16 (47.1%) forearms, the medial epicondyle of the humerus in 10 (29.4%) forearms and the coronoid process of ulna in 8 (23.5%) forearms. The average total length of the AHFPL was 94.11 ± ± 10.33 mm. The AIN was located lateral to the AHFPL in 3 (8.8%) forearms, posterolateral in 7 (20.6%) forearms and posterior in 24 (70.6%) forearms. CONCLUSIONS: This study performed in a South American population sample revealed a prevalence of the AHFPL in a lower range compared to previous studies in North Americans and Asians. The AIN coursed more frequently underneath the muscle belly of AHFPL. This finding has clinical significance in the onset of the AINS and the subsequent surgical procedure for the AIN decompression.
Subject(s)
Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology , Animals , Forelimb/anatomy & histology , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Resumen: En este trabajo se presenta, la caracterización mediante las técnica de Infrarrojo, Microscopía de Fuerza Atómica, Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido y ángulo de contacto de los recubrimientos poliméricos de la mezcla binaria de policaprolactona-quitosano y su modificación tras la adición de colágeno que fueron depositados mediante la técnica de Dip Coating sobre la aleación de Ti6Al4V; además, se evaluó mediante la técnica de Espectroscopía de Impedancia Electroquímica la aleación Ti6Al4V recubierta por las mezclas de polímeros a cero días de inmersión en Fluido Corporal Simulado y la capacidad de adsorción de calcio a 21 días de inmersión. De esta manera, se encontraron efectos representativos sobre el papel del colágeno para el aumento de la rugosidad superficial, mayores valores en la resistencia a la polarización del Ti6Al4V, mejor comportamiento en los parámetros de energía libre, adsorción atómica de calcio y la consolidación de una nueva interfase asociada a la monocapa de calcio simulada mediante circuitos equivalentes y observada por Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido.
Abstract: This paper presents the characterization by the infrared technique, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and contact angle of the polymer coatings of the binary mixture of polycaprolactone-chitosan and its modification after addition of collagen were deposited by the technique of Dip Coating on Ti6Al4V alloy; also by the technique of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy were evaluated the Ti6Al4V alloy coated by polymer blends zero days immersion in Simulate Bode Fluid and of adsorptivity calcium to 21 days immersion. Thus, representative effects on the role of collagen to increase the surface roughness, higher values in the polarization resistance of Ti6Al4V, better behavior parameters free energy, atomic adsorption of calcium and the consolidation of a found new interface associated with the monolayer calcium simulated by equivalent circuits and observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy.
ABSTRACT
Se presenta un raro caso de múltiples variaciones en la cavidad abdominal de un espécimen cadavérico de 50 años de género masculino, del laboratorio de anatomía de la Universidad Industrial de Santander (Bucaramanga-Colombia). Se observó variaciones arteriales (arteria renal adicional derecha y origen de la rama hepática derecha desde la arteria mesentérica superior), venosa (vena renal derecha adicional) y de vía urinaria (doble uréter en el lado derecho). Estas diversas variantes anatómicas además de suscitar interés académico, deben ser consideradas y descritas correctamente por los clínicos durante la realización de procedimientos quirúrgicos, radiológicos y de imágenes diagnósticas en la cavidad abdominal.
Here we present a rare case of multiple abdominal cavity variations in a 50-year-old male cadaveric specimen of the anatomy laboratory of the Universidad Industrial de Santander (Bucaramanga, Colombia). The anatomical dissection revealed arterial variations (right additional renal artery and origin of the right hepatic branch from the superior mesenteric artery), venous (right additional renal vein) and urinary tract (duplicated ureter on the right side). These multiple anatomic variations in addition to raising academic interest, should be considered and described correctly by clinicians while performing surgical, radiological and imaging procedures in the abdominal cavity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Abdominal Cavity/blood supply , Anatomic Variation , Hepatic Artery/abnormalities , Renal Artery/abnormalities , Renal Veins/abnormalitiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Due to the increase in isolation of Candida spp. in critically ill patients, and the high mortality and economic costs which this infection entails, a study was made of the risk factors associated to candidemia in critically ill patients from 7 intensive care units in Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicenter matched case-control study was conducted in 7 intensive care units of 3 university hospitals. Data on overall length of hospital stay (including both general wards and the intensive care unit) were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 243 subjects (81 cases and 162 controls) between January 2008 and December 2012 were included. In order of frequency, C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis were isolated. The main identified risk factors were: overall length of hospital stay>25 days (OR 5.33, 95% CI 2.6-10.9), use of meropenem (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.86-7.5), abdominal surgery (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.39-6.06) and hemodialysis (OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.5-7.7). No differences in mortality between patients with candidemia and controls were found (39.5 vs. 36.5%, respectively, P=.66) were found. CONCLUSIONS: In Colombia, a long hospital stay, abdominal surgery, the use of meropenem and hemodialysis were identified as risk factors for candidemia.