Increased O-GlcNAcylation promotes IGF-1 receptor/PhosphatidyI Inositol-3 kinase/Akt pathway in cervical cancer cells.

O-linked ß-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a reversible post-translational modification on serine and threonine residues of cytosolic, nuclear and mitochondrial proteins. O-GlcNAcylation level is regulated by OGT (O-GlcNAc transferase), which adds GlcNAc on proteins, and OGA (O-GlcNAcase), which removes it. Abnormal level of protein O-GlcNAcylation has been observed in numerous cancer cell types, including cervical cancer cells. In the present study, we have evaluated the effect of increasing protein O-GlcNAcylation on cervical cancer-derived CaSki cells. We observed that pharmacological enhancement of protein O-GlcNAcylation by Thiamet G (an inhibitor of OGA) and glucosamine (which provides UDP-GlcNAc substrate to OGT) increases CaSki cells proliferation, migration and survival. Moreover, we showed that increased O-GlcNAcylation promotes IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) autophosphorylation, possibly through inhibition of protein tyrosine-phosphatase 1B activity. This was associated with increased IGF-1-induced phosphatidyl-Inositol 3-phosphate production at the plasma membrane and increased Akt activation in CaSki cells. Finally, we showed that protein O-GlcNAcylation and Akt phosphorylation levels were higher in human cervical cancer samples compared to healthy cervix tissues, and a highly positive correlation was observed between O-GlcNAcylation level and Akt phosphorylation in theses tissues. Together, our results indicate that increased O-GlcNAcylation, by activating IGF1R/ Phosphatidyl inositol 3-Kinase (PI-3K)/Akt signaling, may participate in cervical cancer cell growth and proliferation.

Bibliometric Analysis: Nanotechnology and COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic information is critical to study it further, but the virus has still not been confined. In addition, even if there is no longer any threat, more knowledge may be gathered from these resources. METHODS: The data used in this study was gathered from several scientific areas and the links between them. Since the COVID-19 pandemic has not been fully contained, and additional information can be gleaned from these references, bibliometric analysis of it is important Results: A total of 155 publications on the topic of "COVID-19" and the keyword "nanotechnology" was identified in the Scopus database between 2020 and 2021 in a network visualization map. CONCLUSION: As a result, our analysis was conducted appropriately to provide a comprehensive understanding of COVID-19 and nanotechnology and prospective research directions for medicinal chemistry.

Aerococcus spp infective endocarditis following a prostate biopsy: a case report.

We report a rare case of an infective endocarditis by Aerococcus spp in a bioprosthetic aortic valve following a prostate biopsy, in an asymptomatic adult with no additional risk factor for prostate cancer, excepting for age. The diagnosis was based on the presence of vegetations on the bioprosthesis seen on the echocardiogram, positive blood cultures and fever, and a favorable clinical outcome following the treatment with ceftriaxone and gentamicin.

Human CD8+ T Cells Release Extracellular Traps Co-Localized With Cytotoxic Vesicles That Are Associated With Lesion Progression and Severity in Human Leishmaniasis.

Cell death plays a fundamental role in mounting protective and pathogenic immunity. Etosis is a cell death mechanism defined by the release of extracellular traps (ETs), which can foster inflammation and exert microbicidal activity. While etosis is often associated with innate cells, recent studies showed that B cells and CD4+ T cells can release ETs. Here we investigate whether CD8+ T cells can also release ETs, which might be related to cytotoxicity and tissue pathology. To these ends, we first employed an in vitro system stimulating human CD8+ T cells isolated from healthy volunteers with anti-CD3/anti-CD28. Using time-frame video, confocal and electron microscopy, we demonstrate that human CD8+ T cells release ETs upon stimulation (herein LETs - lymphocyte extracellular traps), which display unique morphology and functional characteristics. CD8+ T cell-derived LETs form long strands that co-localize with CD107a, a marker of vesicles containing cytotoxic granules. In addition, these structures connect the LET-releasing cell to other neighboring cells, often resulting in cell death. After demonstrating the release of LETs by human CD8+ T cells in vitro, we went on to study the occurrence of CD8-derived LETs in a human disease setting. Thus, we evaluated the occurrence of CD8-derived LETs in lesions from patients with human tegumentary leishmaniasis, where CD8+ T cells play a key role in mediating pathology. In addition, we evaluated the association of these structures with the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate in early and late cutaneous, as well as in mucosal leishmaniasis lesions. We demonstrated that progression and severity of debilitating and mutilating forms of human tegumentary leishmaniasis are associated with the frequency of CD8+ T cells in etosis, as well as the occurrence of CD8-derived LETs carrying CD107a+ vesicles in the lesions. We propose that CD8+ T cell derived LETs may serve as a tool for delivering cytotoxic vesicles to distant target cells, providing insights into mechanisms of CD8+ T cell mediated pathology.

Treatment of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis using platelet-rich plasma: microtomographic, microscopic, and immunohistochemical analyses.

The present study aimed to investigate the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on tooth extraction sites in rats treated with bisphosphonates. Thirty Albinus Wistar male rats were administered 0.035 mg/kg zoledronic acid intravenously for 8 weeks, divided into four administrations with a 2-week interval between each application, after which their upper right central incisors were extracted to induce the development of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). The samples were divided into the following two groups: Group 1 (G1) underwent marginal resection of BRONJ followed by the use of PRP, while Group 2 (G2) underwent resection of BRONJ but without the use of PRP. The treatment groups were evaluated after 14, 28, and 42 days. Clinical, microtomographic, microscopic, and immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluations were performed. Microtomography results revealed no significant difference between the groups (p <0.05) in any time period. Histomorphometric analysis showed increased bone formation over time for both groups (p < 0.001). G1 demonstrated a greater amount of new bone formation than G2 at 28 and 42 days (p < 0.001), with G1 presenting greater vascularization and a slightly higher VEGF expression. For both groups, RANKL/OPG expression levels were sufficient as a parameter for indicating the rate of bone remodeling in a previously treated area of osteonecrosis groups. Taken together, our findings indicated that the use of PRP improves the resolution process of BRONJ.

Effect of pretreatment with magnesium sulphate on the duration of intense and deep neuromuscular blockade with rocuronium: A randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Magnesium sulphate is an important adjuvant drug in multimodal anaesthesia. In combination with rocuronium it can enhance neuromuscular blockade (NMB). Limited data exist concerning the effect of magnesium sulphate on the duration of deep or intense NMB and the period of no response. OBJECTIVE(S): To determine the role of magnesium sulphate on the duration of rocuronium-induced deep and intense NMB, and the period of no response to nerve stimulation. DESIGN: A randomised controlled trial. SETTING: A public tertiary care hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from February 2017 to March 2018. PATIENTS: All patients between 18 and 65 years of age scheduled to undergo elective otorhinolaryngological surgery, with a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg m and an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification of I or II. INTERVENTION(S): Before induction of anaesthesia 60 patients were pretreated with an intravenous infusion of either 100 ml 0.9% saline (saline group), or 60 mg kg magnesium sulphate (magnesium group). After loss of consciousness, a bolus of rocuronium (0.6 mg kg) was administered. Neuromuscular function was measured by TOF-Watch SX monitor. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary and secondary outcomes were the duration of the period of no response to nerve stimulation and intense and deep NMB, respectively. An additional outcome was the NMB onset time. RESULTS: Median [IQR] durations of deep NMB were 20.3 [12.0 to 35.4] and 18.3 [11.2 to 26.3] min in the magnesium and saline groups, respectively (P = 0.18). Median durations of intense NMB were 21.7 [0.0 to 32.2] min and 0.0 [0.0 to 6.2] min (P = 0.001) in the magnesium and saline groups, respectively. Median durations of the period of no response were 40.8 [51.4 to 36.0] min and 28.0 [21.9 to 31.6] min (P = 0.0001) in the magnesium and saline groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Magnesium sulphate increased both the duration of intense NMB and the period of no response. The duration of deep NMB was similar in the magnesium sulphate group and saline group. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02989272.

A Th2-Type Response Is Associated With Exuberant Lesions in Pregnant Women Infected With Leishmania braziliensis.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response. During pregnancy there is a decreased inflammatory response, and we have shown that pregnant women with CL develop exuberant lesions. Methods: Cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the frequency of cells expressing cytokines in lesions from pregnant and nonpregnant women with CL were evaluated. Results: We observed that CL lesions from pregnant women displayed a more intense cellular infiltrate, associated with an increase in neutrophils and CD4+ cells. While no difference was observed regarding the number of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)+ cells in lesions from pregnant compared to nonpregnant women with CL, interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-4 expression were approximately 3-times higher in lesions in pregnant women. Main sources of IL-4 and IL-10 were CD4+ and CD68+ cells, respectively. Expression of IL-4, but not IFN-γ or IL-10, was positively correlated with the intensity of inflammatory infiltrate in lesions from pregnant women. Conclusions: These results provide evidence of an IL-4-mediated pathology in Leishmania braziliensis-infected pregnant women. These differences in lesion pathogenesis in pregnant and nonpregnant women may open possibilities for new therapies for CL treatment during pregnancy, which are currently lacking.

Treatment of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis using platelet-rich plasma: microtomographic, microscopic, and immunohistochemical analyses

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on tooth extraction sites in rats treated with bisphosphonates. Thirty Albinus Wistar male rats were administered 0.035 mg/kg zoledronic acid intravenously for 8 weeks, divided into four administrations with a 2-week interval between each application, after which their upper right central incisors were extracted to induce the development of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). The samples were divided into the following two groups: Group 1 (G1) underwent marginal resection of BRONJ followed by the use of PRP, while Group 2 (G2) underwent resection of BRONJ but without the use of PRP. The treatment groups were evaluated after 14, 28, and 42 days. Clinical, microtomographic, microscopic, and immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluations were performed. Microtomography results revealed no significant difference between the groups (p <0.05) in any time period. Histomorphometric analysis showed increased bone formation over time for both groups (p < 0.001). G1 demonstrated a greater amount of new bone formation than G2 at 28 and 42 days (p < 0.001), with G1 presenting greater vascularization and a slightly higher VEGF expression. For both groups, RANKL/OPG expression levels were sufficient as a parameter for indicating the rate of bone remodeling in a previously treated area of osteonecrosis groups. Taken together, our findings indicated that the use of PRP improves the resolution process of BRONJ.

Detección de anticuerpos y ADN de Leptospira spp. en suero canino / Antibodies and DNA detection of Leptospira spp. in canine serum / Pesquisa de anticorpos e DNA de Leptospira spp. em soro canino

La leptospirosis es una antropozoonosis causada por diferentes serotipos de leptospira cuya epidemiología se asocia con alta precipitación, con una alta incidencia en los animales domésticos, de interés zootécnico y las especies silvestres. Los perros tienen una estrecha relación con los seres humanos y la infección renal puede eliminar las bacterias en la orina, una importante fuente de infección. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de anticuerpos y la carga bacteriana de Leptospira spp . en 151 perros recibido en un Centro de Control de Zoonosis. Se recogieron muestras de sangre para obtener suero y la realización de la Prueba de Aglutinación Microscópica (MAT). 59/151 (39,1%) de los perros eran seropositivos a al menos un serovar, con mayor prevalencia y títulos mayores para el serovar Copenhageni (23,73%) del serogrupo icterohaemorrhagiae (16,95%). El serovar canicola, que se encuentra comúnmente en perros, mostró 10,17% de serorreactividad con títulos menores. También se examinaron muestras de suero para detectar la presencia de ADN de la bacteria por la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa convencional (cPCR) utilizando los cebadores LEP1 y LEP2 y sólo una muestra fue positiva, siendo sometida a PCR cuantitativa (qPCR), lo que resultó en un cargo bacterial 14.829.820/mL. Los resultados muestran evidencia de infección con Leptospira spp. en perros, con niveles detectables de anticuerpos MAT y que en un perro podría detectar bacterias en el suero sanguíneo. Es de destacar, por lo tanto, la dispersión de diferente serovares de Leptospira spp. para el medio ambiente, debido a la eliminación de estos serovares por animales portadores renales, así como el riesgo de transmisión a otros animales y seres humanos y la importancia de los perros como animales centinelas en los estudios epidemiológicos.(AU)

Leptospirosis is a anthropozoonosis caused by different serotypes of leptospira whose epidemiology is associated with heavy rainfall, with high occurrence in pets, animals of zootechnical interest and wild species. Dogs have close relationship with humans and in the kidney infection can eliminate the bacteria in the urine, being an important source of infection. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibodies and bacterial load of Leptospira spp. in 151 dogs received at a Center for Zoonosis Control. Blood samples were collected to obtain serum which was submitted to the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). 59/151 (39.1%) dogs were seropositive for at least one serovar with the highest prevalence and higher titers for the serovar Copenhageni (23.73%) serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae and to sorovar Icterohaemorrhagiae (16.95%). The Canicola serovar, commonly found in dogs, showed 10.17% of seroreactivity with smaller titles. Serum samples were also examined for the presence of DNA of the bacterium by the conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (cPCR) using the primers Lep1 and Lep2 and only one sample was positive, being subjected to quantitative PCR (qPCR), resulting in bacterial load of 14.829.820/mL. The results show evidence of infection with Leptospira spp. in dogs, with detectable levels of antibodies by MAT, and in one dog the bacteria could be detected in the blood serum. It is noteworthy, therefore, the environment dispersion of different serovars of Leptospira spp., due to the elimination of these serovars by carrier animals kidney, and the risk of transmission to other animals and humans and the importance of dogs as sentinels animals in epidemiological studies.(AU)

A leptospirose é uma antropozoonose causada por diferentes sorotipos de leptospiras cuja epidemiologia está associada a altos índices pluviométricos, com alta ocorrência em animais de companhia, de interesse zootécnico e espécies silvestres. Os cães tem estreita relação com humanos e pela infecção renal podem eliminar a bactéria pela urina, sendo importante fonte de infecção. O presente estudo objetivou a determinação da soroprevalência e a carga bacteriana de Leptospira spp. em 151 cães de um Centro de Controle de Zoonoses. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue para a obtenção de soro e realização da prova de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM). 59/151 (39,1%) dos animais foram sororreagentes para pelo menos um sorovar sendo os de maior prevalência e com títulos mais elevados o sorovar Copenhageni (23,73%) pertencente ao sorogrupo Icterohaemorrhagiae e o sorovar Icterohaemorrhagiae (16,95%). O sorovar Canicola, comumente encontrado nos cães, apresentou 10,17% de sororreatividade com títulos menores. As amostras de soro foram também submetidas a pesquisa de DNA da bactéria pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase convencional (cPCR) utilizando-se os primers Lep1 e Lep2 e apenas uma amostra foi positiva sendo submetida a PCR quantitativa (qPCR), que resultou numa carga bacteriana de 14.829.820/mL. Os resultados demonstram evidência de infecção por Leptospira spp. em cães, com níveis de anticorpos detectáveis à SAM, e que em um cão foi possível detectar a bactéria no soro sanguíneo. Destaca-se, portanto, a dispersão de diferentes sorovares de Leptospira spp. no ambiente, devido à eliminação destes sorovares por animais portadores renais, bem como o risco de transmissão para outros animais e humanos e a importância dos cães como animais sentinelas nos estudos epidemiológicos.(AU)

Relationship between velopharyngeal closure, hypernasality, nasal air emission and nasal rustle in subjects with repaired cleft palate.

PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation among velopharyngeal closure, hypernasality, audible nasal air emission (NAE) and nasal rustle (NR), in individuals with repaired cleft palate. METHODS: One hundred patients with repaired cleft palate and lip, submitted to pressure-flow study for measurement of velopharyngeal orifice area (velopharyngeal area) and speech sample recordings. Velopharyngeal area was estimated during the production of the sound /p/ inserted in a sentence, and the velopharyngeal closure was classified as adequate, borderline or inadequate. Hypernasality was rated using a 4-point scale, NAE and NR were rated as absent or present, by three speech language pathologists, using recorded speech samples. Inter and intra-judge agreements were established. Statistical analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation coefficient considering p<0.05. An ordinal logistic regression model was developed to investigate whether the characteristics of speech can predict velopharyngeal closure. For this, the speech samples included in this analysis were those that obtained 100% agreement among raters as to the degree of hypernasality (43 out of 100). RESULTS: Significant correlation was found between hypernasality and velopharyngeal area; audible NAE and velopharyngeal area. A negative correlation was observed between the NR and velopharyngeal area. The regression analysis showed that the perceptual speech characteristics contributed significantly to predict the velopharyngeal closure. CONCLUSION: There is significant correlation between velopharyngeal closure and hypernasality, NAE and NR. It suggests that the perceptual speech characteristics can predict velopharyngeal closure, favoring the diagnosis and the definition of treatment conduct of velopharyngeal dysfunction.

Relationship between velopharyngeal closure, hypernasality, nasal air emission and nasal rustle in subjects with repaired cleft palate / Correlação entre o fechamento velofaríngeo, hipernasalidade, emissão de ar nasal e ronco nasal em indivíduos com fissura de palato reparada

PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation among velopharyngeal closure, hypernasality, audible nasal air emission (NAE) and nasal rustle (NR), in individuals with repaired cleft palate. METHODS: One hundred patients with repaired cleft palate and lip, submitted to pressure-flow study for measurement of velopharyngeal orifice area (velopharyngeal area) and speech sample recordings. Velopharyngeal area was estimated during the production of the sound /p/ inserted in a sentence, and the velopharyngeal closure was classified as adequate, borderline or inadequate. Hypernasality was rated using a 4-point scale, NAE and NR were rated as absent or present, by three speech language pathologists, using recorded speech samples. Inter and intra-judge agreements were established. Statistical analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation coefficient considering p<0.05. An ordinal logistic regression model was developed to investigate whether the characteristics of speech can predict velopharyngeal closure. For this, the speech samples included in this analysis were those that obtained 100% agreement among raters as to the degree of hypernasality (43 out of 100). RESULTS: Significant correlation was found between hypernasality and velopharyngeal area; audible NAE and velopharyngeal area. A negative correlation was observed between the NR and velopharyngeal area. The regression analysis showed that the perceptual speech characteristics contributed significantly to predict the velopharyngeal closure. CONCLUSION: There is significant correlation between velopharyngeal closure and hypernasality, NAE and NR. It suggests that the perceptual speech characteristics can predict velopharyngeal closure, favoring the diagnosis and the definition of treatment conduct of velopharyngeal dysfunction. .

OBJETIVO: Investigar a correlação entre as dimensões do orifício velofaríngeo, hipernasalidade, emissão de ar nasal (EAN) audível e ronco nasal (RN), em indivíduos com fissura palatina reparada. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados cem pacientes com fissura labiopalatina reparada, submetidos à medida da área do orifício velofaríngeo (área velofaríngea) por meio da técnica fluxo-pressão e à gravação de fala. A partir da área velofaríngea, determinada durante a produção de /p/ inserido numa frase, o fechamento velofaríngeo foi classificado em adequado, marginal e inadequado. A hipernasalidade foi classificada em escala de quatro pontos, EAN e RN em presente-ausente, por três fonoaudiólogas utilizando amostra de fala gravada. A concordância inter e intra-avaliadores foi estabelecida e a correlação entre as variáveis foi analisada por meio do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, considerando p<0,05. Um modelo de regressão logística ordinal foi elaborado para investigar se as características da fala podem predizer o fechamento velofaríngeo. Para tanto, foram incluídas somente 43 amostras de fala que obtiveram 100% de concordância quanto ao grau de hipernasalidade entre as avaliadoras. RESULTADOS: Correlação significativa entre hipernasalidade e área velofaríngea; EAN audível e área velofaríngea. Correlação negativa foi verificada entre RN e área velofaríngea. O modelo logístico mostrou que as características da fala contribuíram significativamente para a previsão do fechamento velofaríngeo. CONCLUSÃO: Existe correlação entre dimensões do orifício velofaríngeo e hipernasalidade, EAN e RN, sugerindo que as características perceptivas da fala podem predizer o fechamento velofaríngeo, favorecendo o diagnóstico e a definição de conduta de tratamento da disfunção velofaríngea. .

Pesquisa de anticorpos e de dna de Leptospira spp. em soro canino

A leptospirose é uma antropozoonose causada por diferentes sorotipos de leptospiras cuja epidemiologia está associada a altos índices pluviométricos, com alta ocorrência em animais de companhia, de interesse zootécnico e espécies silvestres. Os cães tem estreita relação com humanos e pela infecção renal podem eliminar a bactéria pela urina, sendo importante fonte de infecção. O presente estudo objetivou a determinação da soroprevalência e a carga bacteriana de Leptospira spp. em 151 de um Centro de Controle de Zoonoses. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue para a obtenção de soro e realização da prova de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM). 59/151 (39,1%) dos animais foram sororreagentes para pelo menos um sorovar sendo os de maior prevalência e com títulos mais elevados o sorovar Copenhageni (23,73%) pertencente ao sorogrupo Icterohaemorrhagiae e o sorovar Icterohaemorrhagiae (16,95%). O sorovar Canicola, comumente encontrado nos cães, apresentou 10,17% de sororreatividade com títulos menores. As amostras de soro foram também submetidas a pesquisa de DNA da bactéria pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase convencional (cPCR) utilizando-se os primers Lep1 e Lep2 e apenas uma amostra foi positiva sendo submetida a PCR quantitativa (qPCR), que resultou numa carga bacteriana de 14.829.820/mL. Os resultado

Surgical outcome of pharyngeal flap surgery and intravelar veloplasty on the velopharyngeal function / Resultado cirurgico do retalho faringeo e da veloplastia intravelar sobre a funcao velofaringea

PURPOSE: To investigate the postoperative outcomes of pharyngeal flap surgery (PF) and secondary palatoplasty with intravelar veloplasty (IV) in the velopharyngeal insufficiency management regarding nasalance scores and velopharyngeal area. METHODS: Seventy-eight patients with cleft palate±lips submitted to surgical treatment for velopharyngeal insufficiency, for 14 months on an average, were evaluated: 40 with PF and 38 with IV, of both genders, aged between 6 and 52 years old. Hypernasality was estimated by means of nasalance scores obtained by nasometry with a cutoff score of 27%. The measurement of velopharyngeal orifice area was provided by the pressure-flow technique and velopharyngeal closure was classified as: adequate (0.000-0.049 cm2), adequate/borderline (0.050-0.099 cm2), borderline/inadequate (0.100-0.199 cm2), and inadequate (≥0.200 cm2). RESULTS: Absence of hypernasality was observed in 70% of the cases and adequate velopharyngeal closure was observed in 80% of the cases, in the PF group. In the IV group, absence of hypernasality was observed in 34% and adequate velopharyngeal closure was observed in 50% of the patients. Statistically significant differences were obtained between the two techniques for both evaluations. CONCLUSION: PF was more efficient than the secondary palatoplasty with IV to reduce hypernasality and get adequate velopharyngeal closure. .

OBJETIVO: Investigar os resultados cirúrgicos do retalho faríngeo (RF) e da palatoplastia secundária com veloplastia intravelar (VI) no tratamento de indivíduos com insuficiência velofaríngea (IVF) secundária quanto ao escore de nasalância e à área velofaríngea. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 78 pacientes com fissura de palato±lábio submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico da IVF há 14 meses, em média, sendo 40 com RF e 38 com VI, de ambos os sexos, faixa etária de seis a 52 anos. A hipernasalidade foi estimada a partir da medida de nasalância obtida por meio da nasometria, considerando-se o escore de 27% como limite de normalidade. A medida da área do orifício velofaríngeo foi obtida por meio da técnica fluxo-pressão, sendo o fechamento velofaríngeo classificado em: adequado (0,000-0,049 cm2); adequado/marginal (0,050-0,099 cm2); marginal/inadequado (0,100-0,199 cm2); e inadequado (≥0,200 cm2). RESULTADOS: Ausência de hipernasalidade foi observada em 70%, e fechamento velofaríngeo adequado em 80% dos casos no grupo RF. No grupo VI, ausência de hipernasalidade foi observada em 34% e fechamento velofaríngeo adequado em 50% dos casos. Diferenças estatisticamente significantes foram obtidas entre as duas técnicas cirúrgicas nas duas modalidades de avaliação. CONCLUSÃO: A cirurgia de retalho faríngeo foi mais eficiente do que a palatoplastia secundária com veloplastia intravelar na redução da hipernasalidade e na adequação do fechamento velofaríngeo. .

Surgical outcome of pharyngeal flap surgery and intravelar veloplasty on the velopharyngeal function.

PURPOSE: To investigate the postoperative outcomes of pharyngeal flap surgery (PF) and secondary palatoplasty with intravelar veloplasty (IV) in the velopharyngeal insufficiency management regarding nasalance scores and velopharyngeal area. METHODS: Seventy-eight patients with cleft palate±lips submitted to surgical treatment for velopharyngeal insufficiency, for 14 months on an average, were evaluated: 40 with PF and 38 with IV, of both genders, aged between 6 and 52 years old. Hypernasality was estimated by means of nasalance scores obtained by nasometry with a cutoff score of 27%. The measurement of velopharyngeal orifice area was provided by the pressure-flow technique and velopharyngeal closure was classified as: adequate (0.000-0.049 cm²), adequate/borderline (0.050-0.099 cm²), borderline/inadequate (0.100-0.199 cm²), and inadequate (≥0.200 cm²). RESULTS: Absence of hypernasality was observed in 70% of the cases and adequate velopharyngeal closure was observed in 80% of the cases, in the PF group. In the IV group, absence of hypernasality was observed in 34% and adequate velopharyngeal closure was observed in 50% of the patients. Statistically significant differences were obtained between the two techniques for both evaluations. CONCLUSION: PF was more efficient than the secondary palatoplasty with IV to reduce hypernasality and get adequate velopharyngeal closure.

Fraca pressão aérea intraoral na fala após correção cirúrgica da fissura palatina / The presence of low intraoral pressure in speech following surgical correction of cleft palate", "_e": "n

INTRODUÇÃO: Diversas alterações anatômicas e funcionais são observadas nos indivíduos portadores de fissuras labiopalatinas, dentre elas anormalidades estruturais da musculatura orofaríngea, que podem causar prejuízo da função velofaríngea e, consequentemente, de funções como sucção, deglutição e fala. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a presença de fraca pressão aérea intraoral na fala de indivíduos com fissura palatina submetidos a palatoplastia primária em tempo adequado e tardiamente, e comparar se o momento do procedimento cirúrgico pode acarretar maior ocorrência do distúrbio. A hipótese é de que os indivíduos submetidos a palatoplastia primária tardiamente apresentam maior ocorrência de fraca pressão aérea intraoral em comparação àqueles que realizaram a palatoplastia primária no momento adequado. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo 37 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com diagnóstico de fissura de palato associada ou não à fissura de lábio, divididos em dois grupos: 1) grupo precoce (GP), composto por 22 pacientes submetidos a palatoplastia primária até o 2º ano de vida; e 2) grupo tardio (GT), composto por 15 pacientes submetidos a palatoplastia primária tardiamente, após o período de aquisição dos sons da fala. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a rotina de avaliação fonoaudiológica com intervalo de, no mínimo, 3 meses de pós-operatório. Dentre os parâmetros avaliados encontra-se a análise da fraca pressão aérea intraoral, que foi a variável considerada para este estudo. RESULTADOS: A análise dos dados possibilitou observar maior frequência de fraca pressão aérea intraoral no GT (33%) em comparação ao GP (18%). Entretanto, tal diferença não foi estatisticamente significante (P = 0,44). CONCLUSÕES: A hipótese do estudo foi rejeitada. A presença de fraca pressão aérea intraoral foi observada na fala dos dois grupos estudados, não sendo a idade na ocasião da palatoplastia primária um fator determinante.

BACKGROUND: Several anatomical and functional changes are observed in individuals with cleft lip and palate, including structural abnormalities of the oropharyngeal muscles, which can cause loss of velopharyngeal function and other functions such as sucking, swallowing, and speaking. The present study aimed to evaluate the presence of weak intraoral air pressure in the speech of individuals with cleft palate who underwent primary palatoplasty at the appropriate time or at a late stage and assess whether surgical timing may lead to a higher occurrence of the disorder. We hypothesized that individuals who undergo belated primary palatoplasty show a higher occurrence of weak intraoral air pressure compared to those who undergo primary palatoplasty at the appropriate time. METHODS: This study included 37 patients of both sexes with a diagnosis of cleft palate, with or without cleft lip, who were divided into 2 groups: 1) early group (GP), consisting of 22 patients who underwent primary palatoplasty during the second year of life, and 2) the late group (GT), comprising 15 patients who underwent primary palatoplasty at a later stage, after acquiring speech sounds. All participants underwent routine clinical assessment with an interval of at least 3 months after surgery. Among the parameters evaluated, weak intraoral air pressure was an important variable considered in this study. RESULTS: Data analysis revealed a higher frequency of weak intraoral air pressure in the GT group (33%) as compared to the GP group (18%). However, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS: The study hypothesis was rejected. The presence of weak intraoral air pressure was observed in the speech of both groups, and the study findings showed that the timing at which primary palatoplasty was performed is not an influencing factor.

Mechanism involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of Spiranthera odoratissima (Manacá)

Acetic acid-induced writhing, hot-plate, carrageenan-induced pleurisy, formalin-induced pain, croton oil-induced ear edema, vascular permeability tests and phospholipase A2 activity assay were used to study the analgesic and/or anti-inflammatory activity of the hydromethanolic fraction of ethanolic extract from Spiranthera odoratissima A. St.-Hil., Rutaceae, leaves (HMF) and its subfraction (sub-Fr10-28). HMF and sub-Fr10-28 reduced the leukocyte migration on the carrageenan-induced pleurisy test; sub-Fr10-28 reduced the pain reaction time in the second phase of formalin-induced pain, as well as the ear edema and vascular permeability. Both HMF and sub-Fr10-28 inhibited the phospholipase A2 activity. These results suggest that the analgesic effect of this plant could be, in part, due to an anti-inflammatory action produced by the inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity.

Facilitando a colagem da contenção fixa inferior / An easy way of bonding lower lingual retainers

Contenções linguais fixas são utilizadas comumente na ortodontia após a remoção de aparelhos fixos. Devido aos seus tamanhos, formatos e à anatomia da face lingual dos dentes ântero-inferiores, existem algumas dificuldades em manter a contenção em seu lugar durante o procedimento de colagem. Essas dificuldades podem comprometer o correto posicionamento da contenção e a sua aderência aos dentes. A inabilidade de conseguir-se manter a contenção em seu devido lugar durante a sua colagem pode aumentar o tempo de cadeira e comprometer a estabilidade da contenção. Significância: Se houver uma maneira confiável, simples e rápida de se manter a contenção em posição, o clínico poderia fixá-la mais rapidamente e mais consistentemente. O propósito neste artigo é apresentada uma maneira simples e confiável de se colar contenções linguais.

Características da fonetografia em coristas de diferentes classificações vocais / Phonetography characteristics of choristers with different vocal classifications

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a dinâmica vocal por meio da fonetografia em coristas de diferentes classificações vocais. MÉTODOS: Participaram 44 indivíduos, de 19 a 75 anos (média=51,9 anos) membros de um coral profissional; sendo, oito sopranos, 20 mezzo-sopranos, quatro tenores, sete barítonos e cinco baixos. Realizou-se a fonetografia, em sala acusticamente tratada. RESULTADOS: Foram obtidas as médias das freqüências mínimas e máximas, respectivamente: soprano 36st (130 Hz) e 72st (1084 Hz), mezzo-soprano 35st (124 Hz) e 68st (878 Hz); tenor 28st (85 Hz) e 65st (709 Hz), barítono 26st (74 Hz) e 59 (524 Hz) e baixo 26st (75 Hz) e 59st (513 Hz). Quanto às médias das intensidades mínimas e máximas, encontrou-se, respectivamente: soprano 64 dB e 131 dB, mezzo-soprano 75 dB e 123 dB, tenor 82 dB e 126 dB, barítono 75 dB e 121 dB e baixo 75 dB e 120 dB. Na análise estatística (Teste t de Student), observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre as vozes femininas: soprano apresentou maior freqüência máxima que mezzo-soprano. CONCLUSÃO: Tais achados indicam que a fonetografia permite o registro das características vocais relevantes para a classificação vocal de coristas, podendo auxiliar em uma classificação vocal adequada.

PURPOSE: To characterize, by phonetography, the vocal dynamics of choristers with different vocal classifications. METHODS: Forty-four professional choir singers with ages between 19 and 75 years (average: 51.9 years old) participated in the study. The group included eight sopranos, 20 mezzo-sopranos, four tenors, seven baritones and five basses. The phonetography was carried out in an acoustically treated room. RESULTS: The averages of minimum and maximum frequency rates were obtained, respectively: soprano 36st (130 Hz) and 72st (1084 Hz), mezzo-soprano 35st (124 Hz) and 68st (878 Hz); tenor 28st (85 Hz) and 65st (709 Hz), baritone 26st (74 Hz) and 59st (524 Hz) and bass 26st (75 Hz) and 59st (513 Hz). Regarding the averages of minimum and maximum intensity rates, the following values were obtained, respectively: soprano 64 dB and 131 dB, mezzo-soprano 75 dB and 123 dB, tenor 82 dB and 126 dB, baritone 75 dB and 121 dB and bass 75 dB e 120 dB. Statistical analysis (Student's t-test) showed significant differences between female and male voice rates: soprano voices presented larger frequency maximum than mezzo-soprano. CONCLUSION: Data showed that phonetography allows the register of relevant vocal characteristics, helping the appropriate vocal classification of choristers.

Helicobacter pylori primary resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin in Brazil.

Helicobacter pylori resistance to metronidazole was detected in 107 (52.97%) of 202 strains. Twenty (9.85%) strains, 18 of them harboring 23S ribosomal DNA mutations, were resistant to clarithromycin. Metronidazole resistance was associated with female gender. Resistance to metronidazole and resistance to clarithromycin were associated. Increasing clarithromycin resistance rates were observed over time.