ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the additional healthcare costs of recurrent C. difficile infection (CDI). AIM: To quantify inpatient treatment costs for CDI and length of stay among hospitalized patients with primary CDI only, compared with CDI patients who experienced recurrent CDI. METHODS: This was a prospective, observational cohort study of hospitalized adult patients with primary CDI followed for three months to assess for recurrent CDI episodes. Total and CDI-attributable hospital length of stay (LOS) and hospitalization costs were compared among patients who did or did not experience at least one recurrent CDI episode. FINDINGS: In all, 540 hospitalized patients aged 62±17 years (42% males) with primary CDI were enrolled, of whom 95 patients (18%) experienced 101 recurrent CDI episodes. CDI-attributable median (interquartile range) LOS and costs (in US$) increased from 7 (4-13) days and $13,168 (7,525-24,456) for patients with primary CDI only versus 15 (8-25) days and $28,218 (15,050-47,030) for patients with recurrent CDI (P<0.0001, each). Total hospital median LOS and costs increased from 11 (6-22) days and $20,693 (11,287-41,386) for patients with primary CDI only versus 24 (11-48) days and $45,148 (20,693-82,772) for patients with recurrent CDI (P<0.0001, each). The median cost of pharmacological treatment while hospitalized was $60 (23-200) for patients with primary CDI only (N=445) and $140 (30-260) for patients with recurrent CDI (P=0.0013). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that patients with CDI experience a significant healthcare economic burden attributed to CDI. Economic costs and healthcare burden increased significantly for patients with recurrent CDI.
Subject(s)
Clostridioides difficile/isolation & purification , Clostridium Infections/economics , Diarrhea/economics , Health Care Costs , Health Facilities , Hospitalization/economics , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Clostridium Infections/epidemiology , Diarrhea/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Length of Stay , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Recurrence , Young AdultABSTRACT
Se implemento un método de producción de gamma globulina de oveja anti conejo, realizando inoculaciones semanales de 500 ug con adyuvantede Freund's completo y mensuales de 500 ug con adyuvante de Freund's incompleto de ovejas hembras. Se probó una buena producción de gamma globulina a partir delsegundo mes de iniciada la inmunización. Los títulos adecuados para ensayos en fase líquida de hormonas proteícas: LH, FSH, PRL, GH y tiroides T3 y T4 séricas fueron de 1/50. La disponibilidad de este reactivo producido dentro del marco del proyecto ARCAL VIII cubre actualmente los requerimientos de laboratorios nacionales y esta en capacidad de proveer este reactivo a nivel regional